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Unit NINESection AII Comprehension of The Text1. The bill would give preferential treatment to foreign students with advanced degrees in science and engineering who want to work in the United States. 2. The author believes that the bill simply aims at stealing brains from the third world. 3. They were against it, waving the slogan “Stop Brain Drain”.4. They strongly reacted against economic imperialism. One example is that they threw Coca-Cola out and made a new brand of drink called “Thumbs Up”.5. No. India didn’t close the country to the outside world, because at that time India also acquired the benefits of science and technology from advanced countries.6. The leaders failed to realize that the emphasis on science subjects at IIT could lead to students’ lack of room for social thought.7. The focus of the entire education system in India now has shifted to meet the demand of the American computer industry. 8. This new leadership has abandoned all talk of economic imperialism in favor of market economics.9. “Thumbs Up” became a branch of Coca-Cola.10. Indian institutes should aim at training students not only in skills but in social thought.III Vocabulary1.parallels 2.scope3.drain4.immigrants5.commercial6.provision7.pledges8.mushroomedIV．Filling the Blank1. correct form:at the expense of Synonym: causing a loss to2. correct form: keep pace with Synonym:keep up with, meet3. correct form: In other words Synonym:To put it another way4. correct form:In the meantime Synonym:Meanwhile5. correct form:in favor of, approving of Synonym: in support of6. correct form: falling apart; coming apart Synonym: Breaking into pieces7. correct form: called for ; needed Synonym:required8. correct form: aimed at Synonym: with the purpose ofV Word Building1. repaid the loan 2. reread3. replaced4. regaining5. regenerate6. reconsider 7. reconstruct 8. revisitingVI1. dishonest2. disintegrated3. displeased4. disappointed5. disappearing6. discharged7. disclosed8. dislikeVII Structure1. They want not your pity but your help. (or: They don’t want your pity but your help.)2. You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do.3. The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part.4. The President of Canada paid an official visit to America not by plane but by train.5. It was not that I overslept but that the bus was late.VIII.1. Our leaders saw parallels to the independence movement founded by people like Nehru and Gandhi who, after absorbing Western political thought at institutions like Eton and Oxford, returned home to serve their native land.2. When studying, he listens to the radio.3. He wrote his greatest novel while working on a ship.4. Once in trouble, you’ll be given a lot of help.5. If not the finest, it is one of the finest poems produced in recent years.IX Translation Chinese to English1. Success calls for non-stop efforts. So Xiao Wang often worked until very late at night in the hope of keeping pace with the latest developments in computer technology.2. They eventually fulfilled their pledges to work for the freedom of their country at the expense of their lives.3. Considering that Peter’s plan didn’t hold water, the president abandoned it in favor of Tom’s idea over all the others’.4. As there wasn’t plenty of scope for young people at this company, Xiao Li quitted her job. In the meantime, she began to apply to an American university, aiming to study abroad.5. Lucy’s terrible references to the new leadership will probably change her treatment here. In other words, her comments will probably end the preferential treatment she has been getting at our company.X Translation English to Chinese1. 对我们这些移民来说，这一议案只不过是正式批准一项美国工业界已秘密地执行了近40年的政策而已—即从第三世界窃取人才的政策。 2. 在独立后的时代里, 当每一样舶来货都被认为含有殖民主义的毒素的时候，我们谈论的是家庭小工业和经济帝国主义。 3. 换句话说，从这个法规获益的不是移民，而是如果没有了这项法案就会陷于瘫痪的美国工业界。 4. 因为印度技术学院无法培养足够的毕业生去满足这些需求。 现在，每一个街角都引人注目地竖着私人学校的招生广告牌，这些学校可以颁发电脑编程证书。 5. 印度的人口最近已达到10亿，但是国内的供水、交通和保健体系却正在迅速地分崩离析； 它的公民们呼吸着对他们有很大危害的、被污染了的空气。 Unit9 XIB C B A A C B A A C B A C A B B A B C BSection B.XVI1. Likewise2. obliged3. illegal4. vague5. lest6. provoke7. Exports8. violatedXVII1. out2. on3. in 4.from5.of6.As7.on 8.withUnit TENSection AII Comprehension of The Text1. He was head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System and a news broadcaster.2. Murrow felt sorry for the suffering of London during the attack by the German bombers.3. Because he believed that whatever London had to endure, it could not be destroyed.4. They were sure about their ultimate triumph over England.5. They believed that London would surrender after it became a burned city.6. Because they had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force to battle the Nazis in the sky.7. On the one hand, they stayed calm and tried to continue living their lives; on the other hand, they did their best to help to defend their nation.8. He predicted that the English people would win the final victory.III Vocabulary1. raid2. surrender3. ancient4. endured5. cast6. historic7. flames8. survivalIV．Filling the Blank1. over2. in3. in4. from5. under6.on 7. down8. forV Word Building1. misreported2. misprinted3. misspells4. misplaced5. misunderstood6. misusing / misuse7. mistake8. misledVI1. broaden2. irresponsible3. protective4. characterized5. redoubling6. fashionable7. unfair8. disobeysVII Structure1. he were the only person who scored over 902. she had seen a ghost there3. he were her son4. an interview meeting the queen5. he knew everything.VIII.1. You should wear whichever dress suits you best for the evening party. 2. You can settle down in whichever area you choose.3. Whichever one (of you) comes first will receive a gift.4. All my books are here. You may borrow whichever one you like. 5. I have several spare rooms. Whichever one you want is yours. IX Translation Chinese to English1. People dressed themselves decently and flocked to the square for the celebration.2. The handful of soldiers fought bravely against the enemies and died heroic deaths.3. In the accident, over three hundred people were buried underneath the wreckage waiting to be rescued.4. She endured all kinds of hardships on the journey; nothing could keep her from finding her lost daughter.5. Don’t get mixed up with that gang. They have committed many crimes in broad daylight.X Translation English to Chinese1. 在1940年的炎夏和早秋的一个个夜晚，有一个深沉而平稳的声音飞越大西洋，从英国传到美国，讲述着英国在德国轰炸机轮番进攻下为生存而进行的战斗。2. 他的声音里表达了一种为这个古老城市遭受的苦难而感到的悲痛，同时还传递着一种信心——一种相信无论要去忍受什么样的苦难伦敦也将巍然屹立的信念。3. 伦敦的苦难实际上开始于九月的第一个星期, 那时希特勒最终确信英国人不打算投降。4. 雷达警报器在尖叫, 救护车从一个充满痛苦的地方向另一个充满痛苦的地方飞速行驶, 而消防队员则每时每刻面对的是熊熊火焰。 5. 默罗知道英国的命运取决于这些人的决心：商店里和马路上的人们、酒店里喝酒的男人们、家庭妇女们、那些在屋顶上监视着火情的人们、那些有无数困难而痛苦的事情要做的人们。XI1. closer / deeper / careful study of , the table / graph / diagram, derive from them / it 2. According to my own lights, insight / truth gleaned ,from ,the changes 3. confirmed, table4. insight / truth obtained from the data 5. as is known to all6. established insight / truth deduced from the changes 7. lies not merely with, but also with8. As the experts point out, will be literally descriptive / characteristic ofSection B.XVI1.heal2.royal3.realistically4.glimpse5.swaying6.outwrd7.layout8.weededXVII1. wanting in2. towered over3. made for4. broke off5. gave way to6. sank into7. It is expected you will8. remained of
Ⅰ.1.interested 2. companies 3. clearly 4. instead 5. children6. personal 7. perfect 8. rabbit 9. received 10. progressⅡ.11. fiftieth 12.politely 13. are playing 14. winner 15. have visited/are visiting 16.reading 17. crying 18. Taking 19. playing 20.chooseⅢ.21-25 DADAB 26-30 AABCD 31-35CBCDA 36-40 CCBDBⅣ.41-45 CBACD 46-50 ABBADⅤ.51-55 DADABⅥ.56 should,her for 57 best, received 58 album on, ninth 59 charities, buy 60 easy, of 61 Later,away 62 get enough 63 What should 64 too, afterⅦ.65. old enough 66. instead of 67. too, to 68. It’s, to 69.cost her 70. doesn’t need
Unit 11. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. Unit 21. If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3. I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4. As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5. She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all hermoney was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6. No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.Unit 31. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into theaffair in person.2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they hadplanned.5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business isthriving.Unit 41. Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2. Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3. In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4. Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5. For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6. We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in moreareas and seek further development through joint efforts.Unit 51. This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2. There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3. Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that thecooperation can be furthered.4. On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructivesuggestions".5. His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his petsand the television.6. After all, money is not everything. The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.Unit 61. Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?2. We've given up on him because he is so stubborn. It is pointless to argue with him.3. He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed amongmembers of the group on it.4. Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5. The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6. The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with eachother.Unit 71. In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more thanan attractive option; it was a responsibility.2. Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle. As a result of their findings, new light hasbeen shed on the history of human genes.3. In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over others.4. The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.5. The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the patients.6. From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to doabout it.
新视野大学英语第三册Unit 3课文翻译海德中学的办学宗旨是：如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。该校的创始人约瑟夫·高尔德声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州巴思市，每年的学费高达1.8万美元，因其教导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。“我们并不把自己看作一所专为某一类孩子而开设的学校，”马尔科姆·高尔德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子，毕业于海德中学，现任海德中学校长。“我们把帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责，办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。”现在，乔·高尔德(约瑟夫·高尔德)正试图将他尚有争议的“品德第一”的理念向旧城区的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于1992年9月。但几个月后，该计划即告暂停。教师们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。今年秋天，海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。教师要接受培训，以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。去年秋天，在家长的一片抗议声中，海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教学计划。当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。就像在缅因州那样，求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。在一堂英语课上，11名学生用最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论，依照1－10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。“我得10分。”“我有意见。你既没做语法作业，也没做拼写练习。”“那好，就7分吧。”“你只能得6分。”“等等，我可是全力以赴的。”“是的，可你今天没提问。”在解释自己的教育方法时，乔·高尔德指出，对传统的教育体制不能只是改革。他说“无论怎样改革”，用马和马车“是改革不出汽车的”。 海德中学认为“每一个人都有自己的独特潜能”，这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。良知和苦干受到推崇。成功由不断进步来衡量，而不是由学习成绩来评定。学生必须相互负责。为了避免美国中学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议，高尔德解释说，“全力以赴”这一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似，包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。在每门课程中，学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和“努力程度”的分数。在巴思市，97%的海德中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。在海德中学的综合教育中，父母的参与是一个关键的组成部分。为了使孩子被该校录取，家长也必须同意接受并实践学校的思想和观点。家长们签约同意每月出席一次区域小组会议(共20个区域小组)，每年去区域休养所三天，每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、讨论组和研讨会。在很多活动中，缅因州学生家长的出席率高达95%。乔和马尔科姆·高尔德都说，当孩子们见到自己的父母都在全力以赴时，他们也会竭尽全力。他们说，对许多家长而言，最困难的是让他们意识到自己的不足。公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定之中。这项工作的困难要大得多，因为很难使家长相信他们的参与很有价值。在纽黑文市录取的100名学生中，有30%左右的家长出席了各类特别会议。这一低出席率违背了他们在教学计划开始实施时所做的承诺，当时海德中学的官员曾与300个家庭进行了面谈。巴思市一名在公立学校教书达14年之久的教师说，一旦问题得到解决，海德教学计划就会在公立学校中获得成功。他乐观地认为，一旦家长们投入到计划当中，他们就会成为孩子们日常行为的榜样，这与寄宿学校的学生家长完全不同。一名曾任教于旧城区学校的教师如今在从事纽黑文教学计划。他说，教师也能从中受益。“在这里，我们真正开始集中精力与每一个学生建立卓有成效的关系。我们的重点真的是先考虑师生关系，然后是师生共同探讨学业。而在传统的中学里，是先考虑教师和教材的关系，然后再考虑师生关系。” 师生关系在海德中学被进一步深化了。对教职员工的评估由学生来进行。19岁的吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔今年5月将从巴思校区毕业，并准备升入大学。对此他感到惊奇。几年前，他还觉得自己的前途“是在监狱，而不是在大学”。 迪巴蒂斯塔还记得他刚到海德中学时的情景。“我来这儿时，见人就侮辱，就咒骂。其他每所学校都会说：‘滚出去！我们这儿不要你。’我来到这儿，他们却说：‘我们有几分喜欢这种活力，但并不喜欢它消极的一面，我们要将它转化成积极的东西。’”++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++以国家为背景探讨解决问题或做出决策的方式就意味着研究许多复杂的文化因素。它意味着设法评估这些因素对现代生活的影响，也意味着把握目前正在发生的变化。在日本，最重要的是你为什么单位工作。在对取向或决策过程进行分析时，这一点尤为重要。至少，它说明了美国工作流动性大而相比而言日本工作稳定性高的原因。尽管我们在许多方面存在差异，但这些差异并无优劣之分。一种特定的管理行为模式是由多个独特的文化因素复合发展而成的──因而仅在一定的文化中起作用。让我来描述一下三四种日本文化的特征，它们以某种方式影响着决策以及解决问题的方式。这些特征是相互联系的。首先，在日本，任何处理问题的方法或任何谈判都体现着“你对你”的方式，这有别于西方“我对你”的方式。差别在于：在“我对你”的方式中，双方都坦率地从自己的观点出发提出主张──他们说出自己想要什么，希望得到什么。如此一来就形成了对峙的局面，西方人也十分善于应付对峙局面。日本人所采用的“你对你”方式则立足于双方──自然而然地并常常是下意识地──力图理解对方的观点。因此，会晤的目标是双方共同努力减少对峙，谋求和谐。第二个特点基于“一致共识”及“由下而上”的原则。在日本，各阶层所有人员的想法和意见都会得到认真考虑。无论是在私人企业还是政府部门均是如此。在日本，人们力求团体的统一，不论这团体是家庭、公司还是国会。差别在于，西方式的决策多半源自高层管理人员，通常不征求中层管理人员或员工的意见；而在日本，最底层的人员也能提出想法，然后通过组织上传，对最后的决策产生影响。此谓“由下而上”。日本特有的交流方式也与西方的不同。即使生意没做成，日本商人也力求和睦相处，愿意花费必要的时间来确立“你对你”的交流方式，仅仅间接而巧妙地表达个人意见。这就产生了对时间的不同见解。在日本，把工作做得全面、彻底比西方那种按限期完成工作的态度更受推崇。由于侧重点的不同，日本人不仅在生产上讲求彻底，开会也讲求彻底。因此，美国人对许多日本公司接二连三的会议感到很厌烦。美国人总是急于做出具体决策，而日本人却试图制定一个大方向。另一方面，一旦签署了某个协议，却常常是日本人惊讶于西方人履行协议时的拖沓。日本人急于前行，而西方人因需要时间作详细计划，则可能落后。现在，虽然日本的工业和技术得到了高度发展，但它们并未取代人力能源和动力的根本力量。我这么说的意思是，日本人引以为豪的是，无论需要多少时间，他们都会把一项工作做完并做好。这需要有奉献精神和责任感，在这个机械时代里，它们仍然没有被抛弃。在我的工作领域──金融和证券业，常有西方人问我，野村证券公司是如何避免美国公司所面临的交易单流通堵塞的。我们也碰到过这个难题。东京证交所每天通常有2到3亿笔交易。这个交易额是纽约证交所的许多倍。怎样才能处理好这么巨大的数额呢?第一，我们拥有极为先进的计算机。第二，也是最重要的，负责处理这些交易的操作人员一直工作直到任务完成。也许20年后，或许用不了这么久，他们就会更加西方化，会坚持一到5点就下班回家。但在今天，大多数人依然坚持待到工作完成。这是对质量的真正关心。“紧要关头，鼎力相助”是日本人处理问题时的一个重要方面，存在于日本社会的各个阶层。几年前，松下公司遇到难关。在他们所采取的措施当中，有一项就是松下先生──公司的创始人和当时的董事长──调任销售部经理。同样，当我们野村证券公司五年前改用电脑系统时，新系统使700名员工失去了原来的工作。但我们并没有解雇他们；相反，我们将他们转为证券销售人员，其中有些如今成了这方面的骨干。只要有智慧，只要肯努力，就可以在公司里通过努力获得成功。在日本，一个人的才能不会被局限于一个固定的领域。我们认为，对于员工的忠诚奉献，公司应予以回报。**************************************************
Unit1 1.她连水都不愿喝一口,更别提留下来吃饭了. She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎,但实际上我讲的是实话. He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. 3.这个星期你每天都迟到,对此你怎么解释? How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略. The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高. Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力,所以我们只能继续. We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. Unit3 1.你再怎么有经验,也得学习新技术. You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2.还存在一个问题,那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作. There remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research there. 3.由于文化的不同,他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难. Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4.虽然他历经沉浮,但我始终相信他总有一天会成功. Though he has had ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5.我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法. I have some reservations about the truth of your claim. 6.她长得不特别高,但是她身材瘦,给人一种个子高的感觉. She isn't particularly tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of height. Unit4 1.有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎? It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar. 2.不管黑猫白猫,能抓住老鼠就是好猫. It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice. 3.你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我. You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning. 4.请允许我参加这个项目,我对这个项目非常感兴趣. Allow me to take part in this project: I am more than a little interested in it. 5.人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意. Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to e and go as he pleases. 6.看她脸上不悦的神色,我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说. Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wishes to say something to me. Unit5 1.他说话很自信,给我留下了深刻的印象. He spoke confidently,which impressed me most. 2.我父亲太爱忘事,总是在找钥匙. My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys. 3.我是十分感谢你给我的帮助. I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me. 4.光线不足,加上地面潮湿,使得驾驶十分困难. The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult. 5.由于缺乏资金,他们不得不取消了创业计划. Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a business. 6.每当有了麻烦,他们总是依靠我们. They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble. Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样,身体也需要经常锻炼. (Just) as a machine needs regular running, so does the body need regular exercise. 2. 在美国学习时,他学会了弹钢琴. He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States. 3. 令我们失望的是,他拒绝了我的邀请. To our disappointment, he turned down our invitation. 4. 真实情况是,不管是好是坏,随着新科技的进步,世界发生了变化. The reality is that, for better or worse, the world has changed with advance of new technologies. 5.我班里大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在. Most of the female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when (they are) required to answer questions. 6. 当地 *** 负责运动会的安全. The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting. Unit7 1.在会上,除了其他事情,他们还讨论了目前的经济形势. At the meeting they discussed, among other things, the present economic situation. 2.我对大自然了解得越多,就越痴迷于大自然的奥秘. The more I learned about the nature,the more absorbed I became in its mystery. 3.医生建议说,有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣、富有挑战性的事情,好让自己的负面情绪有发泄的渠道. The doctor remends that those stressed people should try something new,interesting and challenging in order to give their negative feelings an outlet. 4.那个学生的成绩差,但老师给他布置了更多的作业,而不是减少作业量. The teacher gives more homework to the student who has bad grades instead of cutting it down. 5.相比之下,美国的父母更趋向于把孩子的成功归因于天赋. By contrast,American parents are more likely to attribute their children's success to natural talent. 6.教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣,激发他们的创造性. One of a teacher's priorities is to stimulate students' interests and their creativity. Unit8 1. 她一点也不知道这幅画有一天居然会价值100多万美金. Little did she know that this picture would one day be worth more than a million dollars. 2. 虽然我理解你说的话,但是我不同意你在这个问题上的看法. While I understand what you say, I don’t agree with you on the issue. 3. 我认为警察的职责就是保护人民. I think the police are meant to protect people. 4. 昨天我去看他,却发现他已于几天前出国了. I went to see him yesterday, only to find that he had gone abroad several days before. 5. 在每周例会上,每个人的发言都不能偏离会议议题. At the weekly meeting, everyone must confine their remarks to the subject. 6. 要是我没说那些愚蠢的话该多好啊!那时我太年轻,不能明辨是非. If only I hadn’t said those silly words! I was too young then to distinguish right from wrong. Unit9 1. 我确信自己一定会有出息,即使至今我还没做出大的成绩. I am sure that I will make something of myself, even though I have not achieved any major success so far. 2. 我这么多年来如此努力,我觉得自己应该有个好的前途. I have been working hard for so many years; I feel I am entitled to a good future. 3. 当她丈夫离她而去,只留给她生活的残局去收拾时,她的心智失常了. When her hu *** and deserted her, leaving her with nothing but scattered pieces of life to pick up, she went insane. 4. 从我的立场看,母亲当时过于严厉,并没有顾及我的感受. From my standpoint, Mother was too hard on me then, without taking my feelings into account. 5. 当我登上事业的顶峰时,常萦绕在我心头的是母亲说过的话：“面对生活,不放弃.” I reached the summit of my professional career, mother's words "Never be a quitter in face of life" were constantly in my mind. 6. 你应该知道的,不能在大街上踢足球. You should know better than to play football in the street.
译文如下：在我还未成年时，如果有人看到我和父亲在一块儿，我就会觉得难堪。他腿瘸得很厉害，个子又矮。我们一起走路时，他的手搭在我臂上以保持平衡，人们就会盯着看。对于这种讨厌的注视，我打心眼里感到别扭。即使父亲注意到这些或感到不安，他也从不表露出来。
我们的步伐难以协调一致——他常常停下脚步，而我的步子却显得不耐烦。正因为如此，我们一路很少说话。但每次出门时，他总说：“你按你的步速走，我跟着你。”
我们通常就在地铁口和家门口之间来回，那是他上班的路线。他生病或天气恶劣时也坚持上班，几乎从不缺勤。他总是准点到办公室，即使别人做不到。这是件可以引以为荣的事。当路上覆盖冰雪时，即使有人搀扶，他也难以行走。这种时候，我或者我的姐妹们就用一辆带有钢轮的儿童推车拉着他穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道到地铁站口。一到那儿，他就紧抓着地铁口的扶手一直往下走，因为地铁内比较暖和，下面几级台阶没有冰雪。曼哈顿的地铁站直通他们办公楼的地下室，他不用出站（就可到办公室）。下班回家时，我们会去布鲁克林的地铁站口接他。现在回想起来，我不禁惊叹：像他那样一个成年人，得有多大的勇气才能承受这样的屈辱和压力，而当时他却显得毫无痛苦，也没怨言。
他从不说自己可怜，也从不表现出对那些比他幸运或健康的人的羡慕。他从别人那儿寻找的是一颗“好心”。一旦找到了，那人在他心目中就是个大好人。现在我长大了，我相信这是判断一个人的标准。虽然我还没有确切理解什么是“好心”，但我知道自己有时候并没有这么一颗“好心”。
虽说很多活动父亲都不能参加，但他还是试着以某种方式来参与。当地一个棒球队缺少一个经理时，是他使球队正常运转。他是一个见多识广的棒球迷，常常带我到埃贝茨球场，观看布鲁克林道奇队的比赛。他喜欢参加各种舞会和聚会，虽然在那儿他只能坐着观看，却也能享受一番乐趣。记得在一次沙滩聚会上，进行了一场殴斗，人人挥拳上阵，相互推撞。他不满足只是坐着观看，然而在松软的沙地上如果没人帮助，他又站不起来。于是在极度无助的情况下，他高声喊道：“谁坐下来和我对打! 谁愿意坐下来和我对打! ”没有人坐下来和他对打。第二天，人们和他开玩笑，说是第一次听到拳击手在开打之前，就有人要求他倒地服输。
如今我知道他是通过我，他唯一的儿子，间接地参与了一些事情。我打球时（球技很糟），他也“打”；后来我加入海军，他也“加入”了。我休假回家时，他一定要让我去参观他的办公室。在介绍我时，虽然没有说出口，但他实际上在说：“这是我儿子，但也是我。如果我没瘸，我也会和他一样。”
如今父亲已去世多年，但我时常想起他。不知他当时是否留意在我们同行时，我不愿意被人看到。若他确实注意到了，那我真惭愧当时没能对他说我是多么对不起他，我是多么不孝，我有多么后悔。现在，每当我因一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候，每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候，每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候，我就会想起他。每逢此时，我就设想自己将手搭在他的臂上，重新找回自己的平衡，我会说：“你按你的步速走，我跟着你。”
原文如下：When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we walked together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.
It was difficult to coordinate our steps — his halting, mine impatient — and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you."Our usual walk was to or from the subway on which he traveled to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make to the office even if others could not. A matter of pride.
When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, N.Y., on a child's wagon with steel runners to the subway entrance. Once there, he would cling to the hand-rail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home.
When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and stress. And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don't know precisely what a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don't have one myself.
Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, "I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me!"Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.
I now know he participated in some things through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he "played" too. When I joined the Navy, he "joined" too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, "This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different." Those words were never said aloud.
He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a "good heart."At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, "You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you."
新视野大学英语2读写教程答案翻译题
新视野大学英语2读写教程答案翻译题，很多同学在做翻译总有一些单词不认识，导致翻译错误，还有一些是翻译的不够准确，下面我整理了新视野大学英语2读写教程答案翻译题，欢迎做好来对答案。
1.她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。
She wouldn’t take a drink, much less would
she stay for dinner.
2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。
He thought I
was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth.
3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？
How do you account for the fact that you have been
late every day this week?
4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。
The increase in
their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.
5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。
Such measures are likely to result in the improvement
of work efficiency.
6. 我们已经在这个项目上投诉了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续努力。
We have already poured a lot of time and energy into
the project, so we have to carry on.
1. 尽管她在家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。
Despite the fact that she is the only child in her
family, she is never babied by her parents.
2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。
Mike didn’t come to the party last night,
nor did he call me to give an explanation.
3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么大作家。
The person
sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great
writer.
4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也不关心谁输谁赢。He has no interest
in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.
5. 经理需要一个可信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。The
manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his
absence.
6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。 This is the first
time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.
1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。
You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.
2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。
There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent
to head the research there.
3. 由于文化的`不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。
Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at
the beginning because of cultural differences.
4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。
Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along
that he would succeed someday.
5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。
I have some reservations about the truth of your
claim.
6. 她长得不特别高，但是身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。
She isnt particularly tall, but her slim figure gives
an illusion of height.
1.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
It is a great
pleasure to meet friends from afar.
2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。
It doesnt matter whether the cat is black or white as
long as it catches mice.
3. 你必须明天上午十点前把那笔钱还给我。
You must let me have the money back without fail by
ten oclock tomorrow morning.
4. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。
Allow me to take part in this project: I am more than
a little interested in it.
5. 人人都知道他比较特殊:他来去随意。
lang=EN-US>Everyone knows that he is special: He is free to come and go as he
pleases.
6.看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想给我说。
Watching the
unhappy look on her face, I felt as though she wished to say something to me.
1. 他说话很自信，给我留下很深的印象。
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most.
2. 我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。
My father is so forgetful that he is always looking
for his keys.
3.我十分感激你给我的帮助。
Im very
grateful to you for all the help you have given me.
4. 光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。
The bad light, coupled with the wet ground, made
driving very difficult.
5. 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。
Being starved of funds, they had to cancel their plan
to start a business.
6. 每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。
They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.
1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。
(Just) as a machine needs regular running, so does the
body need regular exercise.
2. 在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴和。
He learned to play the piano while studying in the
United States.
3.令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。
To our
disappointment, he turned down our invitation.
4. 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。
The reality is that, for better or worse, the world
has changed with advance of new technologies.
5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。
Most of the female students in my class appear to be
ill at ease when (they are) required to answer questions.
6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。
The local government took charge of the security for
the sports meeting.
1. 在会上，除了其他事情，他们还讨论了目前的经济形势。
At the meeting they discussed, among other things, the
present economic situation.
2. 我对大自然了解的越多，就越痴迷于大自然的奥秘。
The more I learned about the nature, the more absorbed
I became in its mystery.
3. 医生建议说，有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣，富有挑战性的事情，好让自己的负面情绪有发泄的渠道。
lang=EN-US>
The doctor recommends that those stressed people
should try something new, interesting and challenging in order to give their
negative feelings an outlet.
4. 那个学生的成绩差，但老师给他布置了更多的作业，而不是减少作业量。
The teacher gives more homework to the student who has
bad grades instead of cutting it down.
5. 相比之下，美国的父母更趋向于把孩子的成功归因于天赋。
By contrast, American parents are more likely to
attribute their childrens success to natural talent.
6. 教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的性趣，激发他们的创造性。
One of a teachers priorities is to stimulate
students interests and their creativity.
1. 她一点儿也不知道这幅画有一天居然会价值100多万美金。
lang=EN-US>
Little did she know that this picture would one day be
worth more than a million dollars.
2. 虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不同意你在这个问题上的看法。
While I understand what you say, I don
style=mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体>’t
agree with you on the issue.
3. 我认为警察的职责就是保护人民。
I think the police are meant to protect people.
4. 昨天我去看他，却发现他已于几天前出国了。I went to see him
yesterday, only to find that he had gone abroad several days before.
5.在每周的例会上，每个人的发言都不能偏离会议议题。
At the weekly
meeting, everyone must confine their remarks to the subject.
6. 要是我没有说那些愚蠢的话该多好啊！那时我太年轻，不能明辨是非。If
only I hadn’t said those silly words! I was too young
then to distinguish right from wrong.
.His research is concerned,among other things with the battle against AIDS in the developing countries.
除了其他内容，他的研究还涉及到发展中国家反对艾滋病的斗争。
2.These people are made aware that the better the service is ,the more they will earn.
这些人明白了服务越好，他们就挣没有得越多。
3.Although her father seemed anxious and worried ,Susan did not perceive any change in his looks or ways.
尽管父亲似乎忧虑不安，但苏珊并没有看出他在表情和行为上有任何变化。
4.The amount of financial aid offered has become more central to students’ decisions about which school to attend.
能获得多少经济资助已成为决定学生上哪所学校更重要的因素。
5.She’s already cut down on going out and buying clothes，but she doesn’t have enough money to star paying off the debt. 虽然她已经减少了外出和买衣服的花费，但她还是没钱开始还债。
控制压力的方法之一要认识到生活中有很多事情是我们所无法掌控的。
Unit8
1.Little did I think five years ago that I would be sitting here today studying English with so many students coming from all over the world . 今天我会与这么多来自世界各地的学生坐在一起学习英语，这种事情五年前我几乎不会想到。
2.While this position offers you honor and power ,it imposes on you a great responsibility.
虽然这个职位给你带来了荣誉和权力，但同时它也赋予了你巨大的责任。
3.In the long run the race between food production and population growth remains too hard to slove easily.
从长远看，粮食生产和人口增长之间的竞争难以轻易解决。
4.Sometimes we find ourselves climbing the ladder of success, only to find that the ladder is leaning against the wrong wall. 有时我们发现自己在攀登成功的阶梯，结果却发现阶梯靠在错误的墙上。
5.The new program is meant to put young people on a fast track to management careers.
新计划是为了让年轻人快速走上管理岗位。
6.The ambitious young man wanted very much to achieve something to make his parents proud of him.
这个年轻人志向高远，他非常希望能有所成就以让父母感到骄傲
第一题：
答案：
第二题：
答案：
这部分内容主要考察的是情态动词的知识点：
情态动词（Modal verbs）本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
mustn't代表强烈禁止， must表示主观,是自发的，have to表示客观，意为不得不去做某事。美式英语中常用must not 而不用 mustn't. mayn't,mightn't和shan't也很少用。
《新视野大学英语》(第三版)共分四个级别，每个级别包含《读写教程》、《视听说教程》、《综合训练》、《长篇阅读》和《泛读教程》。《新视野大学英语》融语言学习与策略培养于一体，结合输入材料，系统讲解词汇、阅读、写作等方面的技巧和策略。下面为同学们整理了新视野大学英语第三版第二册Unit1、Unit2、Unit3、Unit4、Unit5、Unit6、Unit7、Unit8、Unit9、Unit10课后答案和翻译，第2版同样适用，供大家参考!
跳转 第 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 单元
III
1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying
8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain
IV
1 tell …on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with
6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around
V
G O D I K L B F A N
VI
1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution
8 value 9 tool 10 manner
VII
1 air-conditioned(装空调的;有冷气的) 2 handmade(手工制作的)3 thunderstruck(非常吃惊的)4 heartfelt(衷心的;诚挚的)5 data-based(基于数据的)6 self-employed(自主经营的)7 custom-built(定制的;定做的)8 weather-beaten(饱经风霜的)
VIII
1. well-informed(对……非常熟悉的)2 new-found(新获得的)3 hard-earned(辛苦挣得的)4 soft-spoken(说话温柔的)5 newly-married(新婚的)6 widely-held(普遍认为的)7 well-meant(出于好意的)8 well-educated(受过良好 教育 的)
IX
1 no matter how different it may seem form any other substance
2 no matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation
3 no matter what excuse he gives
4 no matter what anyone else may think
5 no matter how they rewrite history
X
1 just as we gained fame in victory, we lost nothing in defeat
2 just as the head teacher plays a significant role in the school, Jane plays a significant role f leader in the classroom.
3 whoever was out there obviously couldn’t see him just as he couldn’t see them.
4 she has been searching all her life for the perfect chocolate just as I have been searching for the perfect beer.
5 you can make those kinds of comparisons just as you were doing the analyses a minute ago.
XI
1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.
2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.
3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.
4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.
5. Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.
6. Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.
XII
1. 每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。
2.蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。
3.尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。
4.这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。
5.如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。
6.吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。
XIII
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 D 6 A 7 D 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 D
16 C17 A 18 C 19 D 20 A
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程第二册答案 unit 1： Section A: Vocabulary III. 1. charge 2. convention 3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent 6. asessing 7. fulfill 8. conducting 9. consequently 10. significance IV. 1. behind 2. at 3. in 4.out 5. to 6. to 7.in 8.with 9.but 10. for V. 1. L 2. C 3.D 4. N 5. O 6.A 7. E 8.G 9.I 10. K Word Building VI. 1.commitment 2. attraction 3. appointment 4.impression 5. civilization 6.composition 7.confusion 8.congratulation 9.consideration 10.explanation 11. acquisition 12.depression VII. 1.advisable 2.disirable 3.favorable 4. considerable 5. remarkable 6.preferable 7.drinkable 8.acceptable Sentence Structure VIII. 1.much less can he write English articles 2.much less can he manage a big company 3.much less could he carry it upstairs 4.much less have I spoken to him 5.much less to read a lot outside of it IX. 1.Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive. 2.We thought she was rather proud,whereas in fact she was just very shy. 3.We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us. 4.Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately. 5.Some praise him highly,whereas others put him down severely. Translation X. 1.She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. 3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. XI. 1.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%. Cloze XII. 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A是这个吗？要是这个我给你发邮箱里
1. Whenever I go out these days I always take my raincoat. 2. When they were on holiday, someone broke out into their house and stole some valuable paintings. 3. Having fought for three hours, the firemen finally managed to put out the fire. 4. We all have some faults, since nobody in this world is quite perfect. 5. The train to Shanghai leaves at 21:35. 6. Though it began to rain, the children went on playing outdoors. 7. He was able to finish all his exercises before the class was over in spit or the interruption. 8. Strangely, he avoided mentioning her name. B. 1. One of her greatest joys in life is eating desserts, such as pudding, cake and ice cream. 2. Because he had drunk too much, he had to leave the party early. His stomach was like a volcano that was ready to erupt. 3. While sitting in the office, she realized she had lost her valuable ring. But she happily found it in the women’s room after work. 4. My favorite teacher, our volleyball coach, who is a native of Indian, is moving to another city next year. 5. After sitting for a long time in his office, I was asked by the doctor finally into the examining room. 6. Wedging his way out of the dining hall, he discovered a terrible hall beyond imagination. 7. The spreading of educational and cultural norm may affect the attitudes and sense of a nation. 8. Nearly everyone knows the truth after our leader mentioned it at the conference. C. 1. In 1934, an eight-minute Mickey Mouse movie was produced, so Walt Disney became a star. 2. The worst time to be in the street in Cairo was after the midnight when the night-clubs were closing and everybody went home. 3. When there was a power cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to cancel the operation because it was very dangerous to operate in dim light. 4. George is an amicable person, who gets on well with everyone in the company. 5. When Tom wanted to come back home, the telephone in the office began to ring. 6. The energy radiated by sun goes into every direction, but only a small part of falls on the earth. 7. When I slid my aching bones into the hot tub water, I realized that there was no soap, but I did not want to get out again. 8. Because Bob’s furniture store, where I worked as a shop assistant, just went out of business, I have to look for another job. 9. Since you are sent damaged goods, the store must replace the items and issue a full refund. 10. I’m not going to eat in the school cafeteria any more because of the unbearable service, high price and monotonous food.
论文格式 当我们对一个问题研究之后，如何将其展现于众人面前是一个重要的工作。在这里我们结合具体的事例，给大家介绍科研的一个重要部分枣论文的一般格式及其注意事项。当然，要写出一篇好的论文，绝不是单单这么一个简要的介绍就够了，还需自己多写、多练。 随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的学者涉及到学术论文的写作领域，那么怎样写学术论文、学术论文写作是怎样要求的、格式如何，下面就介绍一下学术论文的写作，希望能对您论文写作有所帮助。 (一)题名（Title,Topic）1、论文格式的论文题目：（下附署名）要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息，也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。 论文题目十分重要，必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性，用了下面的一句话：论文题目是文章的一半。 对论文题目的要求是：准确得体；简短精炼；外延和内涵恰如其分；醒目。对这四方面的要求分述如下。1．准确得体要求论文题目能准确表达论文内容，恰当反映所研究的范围和深度。 常见毛病是：过于笼统，题不扣文。关键问题在于题目要紧扣论文内容，或论文内容民论文题目要互相匹配、紧扣，即题要扣文，文也要扣题。这是撰写论文的基本准则。2．简短精炼力求题目的字数要少，用词需要精选。至于多少字算是合乎要求，并无统一的硬性规定，一般希望一篇论文题目不要超出20个字，不过，不能由于一味追求字数少而影响题目对内容的恰当反映，在遇到两者确有矛盾时，宁可多用几个字也要力求表达明确。 若简短题名不足以显示论文内容或反映出属于系列研究的性质，则可利用正、副标题的方法解决，以加副标题来补充说明特定的实验材料，方法及内容等信息使标题成为既充实准确又不流于笼统和一般化。3．外延和内涵要恰如其分外延和内涵属于形式逻辑中的概念。所谓外延，是指一个概念所反映的每一个对象；而所谓内涵，则是指对每一个概念对象特有属性的反映。 命题时，若不考虑逻辑上有关外延和内涵的恰当运用，则有可能出现谬误，至少是不当。4．醒目论文题目虽然居于首先映入读者眼帘的醒目位置，但仍然存在题目是否醒目的问题，因为题目所用字句及其所表现的内容是否醒目，其产生的效果是相距甚远的。 有人对36种公开发行的医学科持期刊1987年发表的论文的部分标题，作过统计分析，从中筛选100条有错误的标题。在100条有错误的标题中，属于省略不当错误的占20%；属于介词使用不当错误的占12%）。在使用介词时产生的错误主要有：①省略主语枣第一人称代词不达意后，没有使用介词结构，使辅助成分误为主语；②需要使用介词时又没有使用；③不需要使用介词结构时使用。属主事的错误的占11%；属于并列关系使用不当错误的占9%；属于用词不当、句子混乱错误的各占9%，其它类型的错误，如标题冗长、文题不符、重复、歧意等亦时有发生。（二）作者姓名和单位（Author and department）这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负，二是记录作用的劳动成果，三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索（作者索引）。大致分为二种情形，即：单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者厖。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度，对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者，贡献次之的，列为第二作者，余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。（三）摘要（Abstract）论文一般应有摘要，有些为了国际交流，还有外文（多用英文）摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容：①从事这一研究的目的和重要性；②研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作；③获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解；④结论或结果的意义。论文摘要虽然要反映以上内容，但文字必须十分简炼，内容亦需充分概括，篇幅大小一般限制其字数不超过论文字数的5%。例如，对于6000字的一篇论文，其摘要一般不超出300字。论文摘要不要列举例证，不讲研究过程，不用图表，不给化学结构式，也不要作自我评价。 撰写论文摘要的常见毛病，一是照搬论文正文中的小标题（目录）或论文结论部分的文字；二是内容不浓缩、不概括，文字篇幅过长。（四）关键词（Key words）关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇，正是由于它的出现和发展，才使得情报检索计算机化（计算机检索）成为可能。 主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物，用自然语言来表达，并且具有组配功能，用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。关键词是标示文献关建主题内容，但未经规范处理的主题词。关键词是为了文献标引工作，从论文中选取出来，用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。关键词或主题词的一般选择方法是：由作者在完成论文写作后，纵观全文，先出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇，这些住处或词江，可以从论文标题中去找和选，也可以从论文内容中去找和选。例如上例，关键词选用了6个，其中前三个就是从论文标题中选出的，而后三个却是从论文内容中选取出来的。后三个关键词的选取，补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息，也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出，与从标题中选出的关键词一道，组成该论文的关键词组。关键词与主题词的运用，主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要，以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。一个刊物增加关键词这一项，就为该刊物提高引用率、增加知名度开辟了一个新的途径。（五）引言（Intorduction）引言又称前言，属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括：研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白，理论依据和实验基础，预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。引言的文字不可冗长，内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎，措词要精炼，要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小，并无硬性的统一规定，需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定，长的可达700~800字或1000字左右，短的可不到100字。（六）正文（Main body）正文是一篇论文的本论，属于论文的主体，它占据论文的最大篇幅。论文所体现的创造性成果或新的研究结果，都将在这一部分得到充分的反映。因此，要求这一部分内容充实，论据充分、可靠，论证有力，主题明确。为了满足这一系列要求，同时也为了做到层次分明、脉络清晰，常常将正文部分人成几个大的段落。这些段落即所谓逻辑段，一个逻辑段可包含几个自然段。每一逻辑段落可冠以适当标题（分标题或小标题）。段落和划分，应视论文性质与内容而定。（七）参考文献[序号]. 编著者. 书名[M]，出版地：出版社，年代，起止页码 [序号]. 作者. 论文名称[J]，期刊名称，年度，卷（期），起止页码电子文献的载体类型及其标识随着我国信息化进程的加快，电子文献的采用量逐渐加大，其标注方式的规范化已经提到议事日程上来了。现根据国家新闻出版署印发的《中国学术期刊（光盘版）检索与评价数据规范》的有关规定，对来稿提出如下要求：一、对于数据库、计算机程序及电子公告等电子文献类型的参考文献，以下列双字母作为标示：电子文献类型数据库计算机程序电子公告电子文献类型标识DBCPEB二、电子文献的载体类型及其标识对于非纸张类型载体的电子文献，当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型中同时标明其载体类型。《规范》采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型：磁带(magnetic tape)MT，磁盘(disk)DK，光盘(CD-ROM) CD，联机网络(online)OL，并以下列格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识：[文献类型标识/载体类型标识]如：[DB/OL]——联机网上数据库（database online）[ DB/MT]——磁带数据库（database on magnetic tape）[M/CD]——光盘图书（monograph on CD-ROM）[CP/DK]——磁盘软件（computer program on disk）[J/OL]——网上期刊（serial online）[EB/OL]——网上电子公告（electronic pulletin board online）如：[1]王明亮．关于中国学术期刊标准数据库系统工程的进展[DB/OL]．文献网址, 1998-08-16/1998-10-04． 以纸张为载体的传统文献在引作参考文献时不必注明其载体类型。编写要求 页面要求：毕业论文须用A4（210×297）标准、70克以上白纸，一律采用单面打印；毕业论文页边距按以下标准设置：上边距为30mm，下边距为25mm，左边距和右边距为25mm；装订线为10mm，页眉16mm，页脚15mm。 页眉：页眉从摘要页开始到论文最后一页，均需设置。页眉内容：浙江广播电视大学汉语言文学类本科毕业论文，居中，打印字号为5号宋体，页眉之下有一条下划线。 页脚：从论文主体部分（引言或绪论）开始，用阿拉伯数字连续编页，页码编写方法为：第×页共×页，居中，打印字号为小五号宋体。 前置部分从中文题名页起单独编页。 字体与间距：毕业论文字体为小四号宋体，字间距设置为标准字间距，行间距设置为固定值20磅。
你喜欢英语吗?不管喜不喜欢，只要你学习英语，对于写作多少会需要了解一下。下面是我给大家整理的英语写作基础教程第三版，供大家参阅!
出版社: 高等教育出版社; 第3版 (2011年5月1日)
丛书名: 普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
平装: 296页
语种： 英语
开本: 16
ISBN: 704032010X, 9787040320107
条形码: 9787040320107
商品尺寸: 25 x 19.2 x 1.6 cm
商品重量: 558 g
品牌: 高等教育出版社
ASIN: B0053NMFFC
《英语写作基础教程(第3版)》主要是为高等学校英语专业一、二年级的学生编写的，同时适合师专、广播电视大学、成人高等学校的英语专业使用，也可供英语水平相近的自学者参考。《英语写作基础教程(第3版)》是作者在总结自己几十年丰富的英语写作教学经验、研究近年国内外英语写作教学方法的基础上推出的。全书用清晰、浅易的英语介绍了英语写作的基本方法和特点，讲解时提供了较多的例句、例段和范文，其中既有英、美作家的作品，又有中国学生的习作，内容有趣，贴近生活，易于模仿。全书共8章，包括文稿格式和标点符号的用法、选词、造句、段落、摘要、作文、应用文及学术论文的写作方法。每章都附有练习题和参考答案，引导学习者循序渐进地提高英语写作水平。
Chapter 1 Manuscript Form and Punctuation
1 Manuscript Form
1. Arrangement
2. Word Division
3. Capitalization
4. Handwriting
2 Punctuation
1. The Comma(,)
2. The Period(.)
3. The Semicolon(;)
4. The Colon(:)
5. The Question Mark(?)
6. The Exclamation Mark(!)
7. Quotation Marks("...")
8. Parentheses / Brackets((...))
9. Square Brackets([...])
10. The Dash(——)
11. The Slash(/)
12. Underlining and Italics
Keys for Reference
Chapter 2 Using Proper Words
1 Types of Words
2 Choice of Words
3 Synonyms
Some Good Dictionaries
Keys for Reference
Chapter 3 Making Correct and Effective Sentences
1 Correct Sentences
1. Completeness in Structure
2. The Right Subject
3. Agreement Between the Subject and the Predicate Verb
Chapter 4 Developing Paragraphs
Chapter 5 Summarizing
Chapter 6 Composing Essays
Chapter 7 Writing for Practical Purposes
Chapter 8 Preparing Research Papers