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参考文献是留学论文中至关重要的一部分。那文献综述的步骤是什么呢？1、搜索相关文献 在开始搜索文献之前，需要一个明确定义的主题。如果正在写论文或研究论文的文献综述部分，搜索与之相关的研究问题和问题。如果是以独立作业的形式写一篇文献综述，必须选择一个要点，并提出一个中心问题来指导的搜索。2、评估文献来源 可能无法完全阅读关于这个主题的所有文章，所以必须评估哪些文章与自己的问题最相关。确保使用的来源是可靠的，并确保阅读了自己所研究领域的任何里程碑式的研究和主要理论。可以找到一篇关于谷歌学术的文章，查看被引用了多少次，高引用数意味着这篇文章在该领域有影响力，当然应该被包括在自己的文献综述中。请击输入图片描述3、识别主题、辩论和差距 组织文献综述的论点和结构，需要理解所阅读的资料之间的联系和关系。根据阅读和笔记，帮助制定文献综述的结构，并展示自己的研究将如何对现有知识做出贡献。4、概述结构 有各种方法来组织文献综述的主体。在开始写作之前，应该对自己的策略有一个大致的了解。根据文献综述的长度，可以结合这些策略。5、写文献综述 文献综述应该有介绍、主体和结论，每篇文章中包含什么内容取决于文献综述的目标。当写完并修改完文献综述后，不要忘记在提交之前进行校对。
有关英国文化The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide It is a European state, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language (the Anglosphere) Considerable contributions to British culture have been made over the last half-century by immigrants from the Indian Subcontinent and the West I The origins of the UK as a political union of formerly independent states has resulted in the preservation of distinctive cultures in each of the home Language Main article: Languages in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has no official English is the main language and the de facto official language, spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK However, some nations and regions of the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their autochthonous In Wales, English and Welsh are both widely used by officialdom, and Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned Additionally, the Western Isles council area of Scotland has a policy to promote Scottish G Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is not legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed itself to the promotion of certain linguistic Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish are to be developed in Wales, Scotland and Cornwall Other native languages afforded such protection include Irish in Northern Ireland, Scots in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where it is known in official parlance as "Ulster Scots" or "Ullans" but in the speech of users simply as "Scotch", and British Sign L The Arts Literature Sherlock Holmes, played here by Jeremy Brett, was created by British author Arthur Conan DMain article: British literature The earliest native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written in the Celtic languages of the The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th Irish poetry also represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle being of particular relevance to Northern I Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic, but literature in Latin predominated among educated After the Norman Conquest Anglo-Norman literature brought continental influences to the English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in the late 14th century, with the rise and spread of the London dialect of Middle E Geoffrey Chaucer is the first great identifiable individual in English literature: his Canterbury Tales remains a popular 14th-century work which readers still enjoy Following the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in 1476, the Elizabethan era saw a great flourishing of literature, especially in the fields of poetry and From this period, poet and playwright William Shakespeare stands out as arguably the most famous writer in the The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1745) After a period of decline, the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in vernacular literature, the rhyming weavers of Ulster being especially influenced by literature in Scots from S The following two centuries continued a huge outpouring of literary In the early 19th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance two hundred years earlier, with such poets as William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Lord B The Victorian period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Anne), Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot, and Thomas H World War One gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote (often paradoxically), of their expectations of war, and/or their experiences in the The Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of traditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be seen as more clearly separate from the strains of British The Scottish Renaissance of the early 20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and S The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety and was greatly enriched by immigrant It remains today the dominant English literary Other well-known novelists include Arthur Conan Doyle, D H Lawrence, George Orwell, Salman Rushdie, Mary Shelley, Zadie Smith, J R R Tolkien, Virginia Woolf and JK R Important poets include Elizabeth Barrett Browning, T S Eliot, Ted Hughes, John Milton, Alfred Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, and Dylan T Religion Main article: Religion in the United Kingdom Although today one of the most 'secularised' states in the world, the United Kingdom is traditionally a Christian country, with two of the Home nations having official faiths: Anglicanism, in the form of the Church of England, is the Established Church in E The Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church of E Presbyterianism (Church of Scotland) is the official faith in S The Anglican Church in Wales was disestablished in The Anglican Church of Ireland was disestablished in Other religions followed in the UK include Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, and B While 2001 census information [2] suggests that over 75 percent of UK citizens consider themselves to belong to a religion, Gallup International reports that only 10 percent of UK citizens regularly attend religious services, compared to 15 percent of French citizens and 57 percent of American A 2004 YouGov poll found that 44 percent of UK citizens believe in God, while 35 percent do not [3] The disparity between the census data and the YouGov data has been put down to a phenomenon described as "cultural Christianity", whereby many who do not believe in God still identify with the religion they were bought up as, or the religion of their [edit] Food Main article: British cuisine Although there is ample evidence of a rich and varied approach to cuisine during earlier historical periods (particularly so amongst wealthy citizens), during much of the 19th and 20th century Britain had a reputation for somewhat conservative The stereotype of the native cuisine was of a diet progressing little beyond stodgy meals consisting of "meat and two veg" Even today, in more conservative areas of the country, "meat and two veg" cuisine is still the favoured choice at the dinner Traditional British fare usually includes dishes such as fish and chips, roast dishes of beef, lamb, chicken and pork, as well as regional dishes such as the Cornish pasty and Lancashire H On 8 January 1940, four months after the outbreak of World War II, a system of food Rationing was introduced to conserve stocks and feed the nation during the critical war Rationing persisted until July 4, 1954 [4] when a fourteen year period of relative privation (which profoundly affected a generation of people attitude to 'a culture of food') finally came to an With the end of rationing, Britain's diet began to change, slowly at first during the 1950s and 1960s, but immeasurably by the closing decades of the 20th During the transitional period of the 1970s, a number of influential figures such as Delia Smith (perhaps Britain's most famous homegrown exponent of good food), began the drive to encourage greater experimentation with the new ingredients ( pasta) increasingly being offered by the The evolution of the British diet was further accelerated with the increasing tendency of the British to travel to continental Europe (and sometimes beyond) for their annual holidays, experiencing new and unfamiliar dishes as they travelled to countries such as France, Italy, and S Towards the mid to late 1990s and onwards an explosion of talented new 'TV chefs' began to come to prominence, (with figures as diverse as Jamie Oliver, Ainsley Harriott, Ken Hom, Nigella Lawson, Madhur Jaffrey, Nigel Slater, and Keith Floyd) this brought about a noticeable acceleration in the diversity of cuisine the general public were prepared to try and their general confidence in preparing food that had would once have been considered pure staples of foreign cultures, particularly the Mediterranean European, South and East Asian As a result, a new style of cooking called Modern British This process of increased variety and experimentation in food inevitably dovetailed with the very profound impact that the post-war influx of immigrants to the UK (many from Britain's former colonies in the Caribbean and Indian sub-continent) had on the national The new communities propelled new and exciting dishes and ingredients onto restaurant tables and into the national In many instances, British tastes fused with the new dishes to produce entirely new dishes such as the Balti, an English invention based on Indian cuisine that has since gained popularity across the Many of these new dishes have since become deeply embedded in the native culture, culminating in a speech in 2001 by Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, in which he described Chicken Tikka Masala as 'a true British national dish' [5] With the rich diversity of its peoples and its (arguably) relatively successful attempts at creating a true multicultural society, married to a reputation as an experimental and forward thinking nation, the future of British cuisine looks [edit] Education University College, Oxford was founded in the 13th centuryMain article: Education in the United Kingdom The education system in the United Kingdom varies in important respects between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern I Education is devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the assemblies in Wales and Northern I Education is compulsory for all children between the ages of five and Most children in the UK are educated in state funded schools financed through the tax system and so parents do not pay directly for the cost of Less than ten percent of the UK school age population attend independent fee-paying Many prominent independent schools, often founded hundreds of years ago, are known as public schools of which Eton, Harrow and Rugby are three of the better Most primary and secondary schools in both the private and state sectors have compulsory school This is a contentious point with generations of school children who would like to see them abolished, only to support their retention once they become parents, this is due to people wanting to have a 'uniform' appearance in schools and it reduces the brand logo culture from coming out in educational Due to the multicultural nature of England, some allowances have had to be made in the uniform regulations to accommodate the needs of some children's religious [edit] England Main article Education in England Most schools came under state control in the Victorian era, a formal state school system was instituted after the Second World W Initially schools were separated into infant schools (normally up to age 4 or 5), primary schools and secondary schools (split into more academic grammar schools and more vocational secondary modern schools) Under the Labour governments of the 1960s and 1970s most secondary modern and grammar schools were combined to become comprehensive Although the Minister of Education is responsible to Parliament for education, the day to day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of Local Education A Northern Ireland Main article Education in Northern Ireland Scotland Main article Education in Scotland Wales Main article Education in Wales Higher education The United Kingdom includes many historic These include the so-called Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University) which are amongst the world's oldest universities and are generally ranked at or near the top of all British Other universities include the University of St Andrews, the oldest university in S Academic degrees are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class) [Sport Main article: Sport in the United Kingdom The national sport of the UK is football, and the UK has the oldest football clubs in the The home nations all have separate national teams and domestic competitions, most notably the Scottish Premier League, the FA Cup and the FA Premier L The first ever international football match was between Scotland and England in The match ended Other famous British sporting events include the Wimbledon tennis championships, the Grand National, the London Marathon, the ashes series of cricket matches and the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge A great number of major sports originated in the United Kingdom, including: Football (soccer), squash, golf, boxing, rugby (rugby union and rugby league), cricket, snooker, billiards, badminton and National costume The kilt is a traditional Scottish garmentThere is no specifically British national Even individually, England, Wales and Northern Ireland have only vestiges of a national costume; Scotland has the kilt and Tam o' In England certain military uniforms such as the Beefeater or the Queen's Guard are considered by tourists to be symbolic of Englishness, however they are not official national Morris dancers or the costumes for the traditional English may dance are cited by some as examples of traditional English Naming convention The naming convention in most of the United Kingdom is for everyone to have a given name, usually (but not always) indicating the child's sex, followed by a parent's family This naming convention has remained much the same since the 15th century in England although patronymic naming remained in some of the further reaches of the other home nations until much Since the 19th century middle names have become very common and are often taken from the family name of an Traditionally given names were largely taken from the Bible however in the Gothic Revival of the Victorian era Anglo Saxon and mythical names became Since the middle of the 20th century however given names have been influenced by a much wider cultural 英国式足球（Wall game）的英文介绍Wall gameWally (pronounced Wall - ey ) is a groupe of games played predominantly in secondary schools in E The games are generally played during breaks and require a wall and tennis ball or Numbers involved in games range from four to 30-ish; however, numbers become unmanageable beyond How to playUsing a tennis ball The game is played against a stretch of wall with a smooth flat surface The wall should preferably be above two meters (although skilled players never use more than meter) The ball is 'served' by throwing the ball hard at the ground and making it bounce on to the wall; this is normally done from two to three meters away from the Players then have to hit the ball in the cupped palm of their hand towards the wall ensuring that it bounces on the ground before it hits the A player is out if they fail to hit the ball, fail to make the ball bounce before hitting the wall, or miss the The winner is the last person left A tennis raquet can be used instead of handsUsing a football The rules are the same although the ball is kicked rather than hit with the handDetailed RulesThe length of wall is changeable depending on the number of players but generally stays under eight Players can call for a re-serve if they feel there was a bad serve; this can only be done before the ball is The person who is nearest to the ball is the one that has to hit Failure to do so results in them being Players can step out of the way of the ball if there is someone behind them, thus making the person behind them responsible for hitting the If two players begin to claim the other person was nearer to the ball then both players are The ball is sometimes aimed at other players because they are out if the ball hits If the ball hits the joining of the wall and floor (a '50/50') players can call for the round to start Playing StyleThe game is played differently to the way the rules would The playing style is fast and furious and when well-played the ball is hit very hard and low to the ground three or four meters away from the Playing occasionally changes to the ball being hit very softy close to the wall requiring players to be very close to the wall; this is generally used tactically as players can then hit the ball hard so that it shoots off almost parallel to the wall catching out people who had not been playing close to the This tactic generally only last a round or part of one as it is considered VariationsThere are a few variations of the game although they are played with less frequency than the main 'Stings' is played exactly the same as the normal game except at the end of a game the first person has to stand against the wall while the winner gets one shoot against them with the '3D' wally is generally played in corridors or classrooms, in this variant of the game 2 or 3 walls are used as well as the
一、利用好学校提供的写作课程 一般学校都会提供各种各样的免费课程。当然也有写作课程，比如planning your dissertation,和feferencing for the assignments等。 如果有这么好的机会千万不要错过，你可以日常关注学校官网信息，时常查收院校邮件。 总之，在上正课的时候老师是不会特意教你如何去写论文的，所以如果写作功力不够，那么在空余时间去听一些写作课程就很有必要了。 二、论文题目的理解和拆分 在你拿到老师给的论文题目，或选定你的写作课题以及确定了论文的大方向之后，首先要做的就是先思考全文的框架、结构、主旨和论点，了解论文选题的关键词以及写作结构。 先审好题目，确定好大致的写作方向，立好大纲，再着手写作。 三、培养批判式分析 写英语论文的关键一点就是要进行批判式分析。 能够站在不同立场，对论据进行有效分析。我们需要去了解一个主题的多个方面，包括以往的专家学者对该主题或论点的评论和看法。 四、文章的开头介绍 学术论文的开头非常重要，要能够清楚得让读者明白全文重点、研究主题、研究方法等核心内容。 一般来说，可以遵循选题背景+选题内容+全文框架+主要论点+研究方法。 这些要素可以根据实际情况调整比重和顺序，有些同学在写作一开始还不是很清楚这些要素，或在写作的时候改变主意。 因此可以先预留这部分，放在写作的最后，或先写好一个临时框架，并做好标注，在写完论文主体之后再回头修改。 五、善用学习软件 技能不够，工具来凑。现在各种各样的论文写作辅助工具也是越来越齐全了，无论是语法修改，语句替换，查词，还是降重、查重，格式排版，都有对应的工具可以使用。 六、文法校对和写作指导 学术论文对文法和拼写有较高的要求，所以在这方面要多注意一点，你可以借助一些语法拼写软件来帮助自己提高写作质量。 除此之外，一般学校也会有写作服务中心等相关机构，学生可以通过预约等方式，将写好的文章，或写作的框架提供给写作中心，以得到一些写作指导。 七、从导师的反馈中学习反思 在写论文的过程中要及时和导师沟通交流，并仔细阅读导师给出的论文反馈。 他们通常是最了解学术写作要求的人，也是批改作业的人，因此他们给出的建议一般会一针见血的指出写作上需要改进的地方。 八、学术写作词汇积累 学术写作有学术写作的技巧和套路，平时多看看一些优秀文章，积累些用得地道、准确、生动的词汇，逐渐整理出自己的行业词库，就能避免写作时有好思路却无法下笔的窘境。
这样吧，你要的话我可以帮你找一篇，论文会很长的，而且发帖子也不方便，会有乱码，论文都是PDF格式的，你需要的话留下你的邮箱，我给你发邮箱吧。你可以用百度HI联系
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韩国文化院参观后记 早知道有韩国文化院这个地方一直没有机会去，今天朋友邀请说去看看，我很高兴的答应了，强调一下参观，体验，上课，都是免费的。 走到了文化院的外面已经能够感觉到文艺气息了，建筑物的外体设计的就很有特色，远远的就可以看见“你好”两个韩文字。一进大厅，正面就是一幅挺艺术的画，原谅我不懂得欣赏不知道该怎么说。画后面的电梯入口处的门设计的就很有韩国特色，电梯里2部，里面一部是白色基调，一部是黑色基调的，花纹其实都是韩语的字母，很有特点。 我们从1楼的右手边开始体验，先是很多电视屏幕里出现了很多艺术的人的面孔，表达人的各种情绪。其特别出在于屏幕就是我们家常电视的屏幕，但是是竖着放置的，而图像依然是我们正常看到的那样。里面的内容可以选择韩国流行歌曲，韩国电影，电影电视主题曲等，我当然选择了神起，只有他们一首歌-Tonight，正好我很喜欢呢。 在这个的右边，是一个表达四季的幻灯，人可以站到幕布前，看落叶，落雪，挺特别。两个设备的中间是放在玻璃展柜中的韩国传统服饰隔开的，做工很精美呢。 在隔空触摸的左边是一个仿名家作画的机器，先选者出你喜欢的画，这时它在屏幕上像被雾隔着，用一个大毛笔在屏幕上划过，渐渐就露出了色彩，好像这幅画是出自自己的手。 在它的左边上，就是可以和名家一起奏乐的设备，选出喜欢的曲目，在音乐响起的时候，用提供的黑色滑板跟着桌面上行走的红线按就可以了。 在向前，是可以找寻韩剧中浪漫之地的电子地图，浪漫满屋阿，冬季恋歌阿，他们的外景地都可以查到。 右边最后一个就是可以练习跆拳道的设备，可以和里面的小人对打哦。 大门的左边首先就是电子几个屏幕在放松韩国有特色的景色事物，还有地图对景点和购物之地的标注，首尔和汉江的地图简介可以免费拿取。 在下来是可以免费听歌的台子和可以和偶像景点拍合影的台子，拍好后可以免费邮寄到自己的电子邮箱里，我当然是和我们的神起合影了。 在往前就是韩国音乐和电影的展台，神起，BOA，SJ等的专辑这里都有展出，可惜不可以触摸，也不可以播放。 再向前就是一些传统物品的展出，特别的是有面古香古色的大鼓，可以敲打，不过声音大，最好不要敲太多下，以防扰民。 陈列里我最感兴趣的就是韩国食品的展出，做的很漂亮，一定也很好吃，口水都流出来了。 最后，尽头是间韩国传统房间的展厅，里面可以席地而坐，边上还有个小水槽，水管的水在真真的流淌呢。拿起漂亮的茶具装一把韩国人吧。 二楼是图书馆，教室和电子阅览室，这里免费交韩语，韩国料理，韩国乐器等，大家有兴趣可以尝试哦。 三楼是会议室，可以参观，走廊设计的很漂亮，不过没有更多的东西了。 地下一层是主题展厅，我去的不巧，画展刚刚结束，有点遗憾。 通过在这里的一番游览真的发现韩国在宣传自己民族的文化时有多么的努力，所有免费的参观教程都在向大家传达着韩国的信息，在接受到的人中或许会有很多人因此决定或者已经去韩国旅行了，用免费的代价而创造了这么多的旅游收入可以说他们做的很成功了。 反观我们中国，在宣传自己国家的文化上好像就没有这么用力。我在英国留学了2年，身在外才了解到外国人对我们的理解有多么的偏差。我的朋友们经常会问我的问题都是关于文化大革命啊，你们是不是不吃肉啊，为什么那么多人偷渡到英国啊，是不是生活的很苦啊这些在我看来非常可笑的问题。甚至每次刚认识得朋友他们会先猜我是日本人，韩国人，香港人，台湾人却从没有人直接一次就猜出我是中国大陆人，在他们的想法里，大陆人没有钱上不起学，要来英国只能偷渡，对我们的认识起码还在20年前。他们了解中国的窗口是他们的媒体（媒体传达的是统治阶级希望人民了解的，反映统治阶级意志的），而内容有时是断章取义的，甚至有时就是专门丑化中国的。奥运圣火在法国的遭遇就是这种情况的一种反映吧。不过也是个契机，我非常想感谢那些为奥运圣火不公平待遇而斗争得留学生，他们使世界重新认识了中国，重新认识了中国留学生，如果我在那里，我也会这么做的。 所以，中国应该真正的加强在外国对自己国家的宣传，趁奥运好好的改变世界对我们的认识，我们应从自身做起，因为在那里你都不是一个人，而是代表一个国家。
丫的一个棒子民族 历史上一直被占据还要研究他们的历史文化
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Dominique BDifferences in Food Culture – Traditions & TOdense University，Hansen, B Taste of Southeast A Tucson, AZ: HPBooks, I, Hyman, Gwenda L Cuisines of Southeast Asia: A Culinary Journey Through China,Thailand, Myanmar,J New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, I, Hallock, Constance M Fun and Festival from East A New York, NY: Friendship Press,
Western cuisine is a generalized term collectively referring to the cuisines of Europe and other Western The term is used by Anglophone Asians to contrast with Asian styles of The cuisines of Western countries are diverse by themselves, although there are common characteristics that distinguishes Western cooking from cuisines of Asian countries and Compared with traditional cooking of Asian countries, for example, meat is more prominent and substantial in serving-size, and Westerners traditionally have a far more in-depth knowledge concerning specific methods of preparing and serving different cuts of meat than Asian Steak in particular is a common dish across the W Similarly to some Asian cuisines, Western cuisines also put substantial emphasis on sauces as condiments, seasonings, or accompaniments (in part due to the difficulty of seasonings penetrating the often larger pieces of meat used in Western cooking) Many dairy products are utilized in the cooking process, except in nouvelle Wheat-flour bread has long been the most common sources of starch in this cuisine, along with pasta, dumplings and pastries, although the potato has become a major starch plant in the diet of Europeans and their diaspora since the European colonization of the ARestaurants advertised to be specializing in generic Western cuisine in Asia tend to have menus containing a mixture of dishes mainly from France, the English-speaking world, and G Since the early 1990s dishes from Italy and Spain have become more prominent on these restaurants' Chinese cuisine originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in many other parts of the world — from Asia to the Americas, Australia, Western Europe and Southern A In recent years, connoisseurs of Chinese cuisine have also sprouted in Eastern Europe and South A American Chinese cuisine and Canadian Chinese food are popular examples of local Local ingredients would be adopted while maintaining the style and preparation Regional cultural differences vary greatly amongst the different regions of China, giving rise to the different styles of There are eight main regional cuisines, or Eight Great TThere are also featured Buddhist and Muslim sub-cuisines within the greater Chinese cuisine, with an emphasis on vegetarian and halal-based diets In most dishes in Chinese cuisine, food is prepared in bite-sized pieces, ready for direct picking up and Traditionally, Chinese culture considered using knives and forks at the table barbaric due to fact that these implements are regarded as It was also considered ungracious to have guests work at cutting their own Fish are usually cooked and served whole (or chunked), with diners directly pulling pieces from the fish with chopsticks to eat, unlike in some other cuisines where they are first This is because it is desired for fish to be served as fresh as possible, and more importantly, whole fish culturally signifies wholeness of things as it has a proper beginning (head) with an end (tail) It is common in many restaurant settings for the server to use a pair of spoons to divide the fish into servings at the Chicken is another meat popular in Chinese While the chicken is cut into pieces, and similar to serving fish every single piece of the chicken is served including gizzards and head in order to signify In a Chinese meal, each individual diner is given his or her own bowl of rice while the accompanying dishes are served in communal plates (or bowls) that are shared by everyone sitting at the In the Chinese meal, each diner picks food out of the communal plates on a bite-by-bite basis with their This is in contrast to western meals where it is customary to dole out individual servings of the dishes at the beginning of the Many non-Chinese are uncomfortable with allowing a person's individual utensils (which might have traces of saliva) to touch the communal plates; for this hygienic reason, additional serving spoons or chopsticks （ common/public/shared chopsticks) may be made In areas with increased Western influence, such as Hong Kong, diners are provided individually with a heavy metal spoon for this The food selected is often eaten together with some rice either in one bite or in
British food cultureToday people in the UK eat a more varied diet than ever As well as the regional diets of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous Britons: Chinese, Greek, Indian, Italian, Thai, American fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and Because of the climate and the Germanic origins of many of its early people, the UK has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking Nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of England have proved In the west of England the traditional drink is cider, rather than Over Britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is
Because cultural context different, speaks the different language person when conversation, even if the language accurate is unmistakable, also can have the Frequently because a speech said is appropriate, causes the listener to laugh loudly The language reflects a national the characteristic, it not only is containing this nationality's history and the cultural context, moreover is containing this nationality to the life the view, the life style and the thinking Language and cultural mutual influence, interaction; Understood the language must understand the culture, understood the culture must understand the Through each kind of channel, I understood concerned to the language and the cultural aspect Because in the cultural difference, in the foreign lecture person frequently discovered audience some joke which say to him did not However can cause person Yang Mafan in the domestic identical joke which the audience A Chinese youth to the neighbor swimming pool swimming, a while came back, why does a foreigner ask, he explained: "In the swimming pool the person too are many, water too dirty, early should Like sesame jam boiled " Another Chinese youth has smiled, but that foreigner simply did not know any is the sesame jam and the boiled Basic cannot feel slightly The Chinese meets mutually says time the hello, often said: "You have eaten?" But the foreigner can think this kind of greeting is said: "I have not eaten, we walk together eat a thing!" This kind of greeting thought only invites the others to eat Also once just arrived China the foreign scholar tied anxiously said with Chinese that, "Why did you always ask I ate did not have? I am " In English has Good morning, Good aftenoon, Good evening all is equal in Chinese "hello" When Good noon, Good night all is the farewell said In US, the regular meeting hears to the American woman to discuss how her husband does work diligently, does like this splendidly, obtains the reward and so Also can praise own children to be intelligent and so However can think in China like this An American university sets up Chinese spoken language training class, some two teachers teach, their native language word all is not a C When attends class, male teacher refers oneself said that, "This is the thing?" The female teacher shakes the head said that, "You are not the " The male teacher also asked that, "You are the thing?" Female teacher reply that, "I am not the " Perhaps the Chinese can guess obtains a ball in a shop (in china shop bull) but not to be able to imagine says in English person mind the image: Niu Penzhuo breathes, ablaze with anger the bull rushes in suspends the full view chinaware in the However, this view meaning is: Clever is appropriate in a need manner, the careful thorough situation rushes in a behavior asperity In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kind of significances: On the one hand symbolic longevity, on the other hand is curses at But associates not like this in the western culture, the turtle is only the slow-moving, As for China that, the bat is propitious, health, happy These associations is possible to come the character bat the name and the lucky In foreign country, the people mention the bat, thinks of the ugly Therefore exchanges in us with the foreigner, we should all the time pay attention to own language