艾米莉的英文论文参考文献

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没有一艘非凡的战舰能像一册书籍把我们带到浩瀚的天地；也没有一匹神奇的坐骑能像一页诗扉带我们领略人世的真谛；即令你一贫如洗也没有任何栅栏能阻挡你在书的王国遨游的步履，多么质朴无华的车骑！可是它却装载了人类灵魂中全部的美丽！艾米莉·狄金森诗选31首我从未看过荒原我从未看过荒原--我从未看过海洋--可我知道石楠的容貌和狂涛巨浪。我从未与上帝交谈也不曾拜访过天堂--可我好像已通过检查一定会到那个地方 。I never saw a moorI never saw a Moor--I never saw the Sea--Yet know I how the Heather looksAnd what a Billow never spoke with GodNor visited in Heaven--Yet certain am I of the spotAs if the Checks were given--云暗天低又复云暗，飞过雪花一片。穿越车辙马圈，去留择决艰难。谁人这样待风，令其整天抱怨。自然犹如我等，时常没戴皇冠。BecloudedTHE sky is low, the clouds are mean,A travelling flake of snowAcross a barn or through a rutDebates if it will narrow wind complains all dayHow some one treated him;Nature, like us, is sometimes caughtWithout her diadem.我是无名之辈! 你是谁?我是无名之辈! 你是谁?你也是无名之辈吗?那么我们为一对!别说! 他们会传开去-- 你知道!多无聊-- 是-- 某某名人!多招摇-- 象个青蛙--告诉你的名字 -- 漫长的六月--给一片赞赏的沼泽!I’M Nobody! Who are you?I’M Nobody! Who are you?Are you--Nobody--too?Then there’s a pair of us!Dont tell! they’d advertise--you know!How dreary--to be--Somebody!How public--like a Frog--To tell your name--the livelong June--To an admiring Bog!" 信念" 是个微妙的发明" 信念" 是个微妙的发明当绅士们能看见的时候--但显微镜却是谨慎的在紧急的时候。"Faith" is a fine invention"FAITH" is a fine inventionWhen Gentlemen can see--But Microsopes are prudentIn an Emergency.逃亡我一听说"逃亡"这个词血液就加快奔流,一个突然的期望,一个想飞的冲动。我从未听说敞开的监狱被战士们攻陷,但我幼稚的用力拖我的围栏--只不过再失败!EscapeI NEVER hear the word "escape"Without a quicker blood,A sudden expectation,A flying never hear of prisons broadby soldiers battered down,But I tug childish at my bars--Only to fail again!希望" 希望" 是物长着羽毛寄居在灵魂里，唱着没有词的曲调，绝无丝毫停息，微风吹送最为甘甜暴雨致痛无疑能够使得小鸟不安保有此多暖意。听它越过奇妙大海飞遍严寒田地可它不要我面包屑哪怕饥饿至极。"Hope""HOPE" is the thing with feathersThat perches in the soul，And sings the tune without the words，And never stops at all，And sweetest in the gale is heard;And sore must be the stormThat could abash the little birdThat kept so many ’ve heard it in the chillest land,And on the strangest Sea;Yet, never, in extremity,It asked a crumb of Me.心先要求愉快心先要求愉快再要求免除疼痛；其后，要那些小止痛片来减轻苦痛；然后，要求睡觉；如它法官的愿望而后应当是要求去死的自由。The heart asks pleasure firstThe heart asks pleasure first,And then, excuse from pain;And then, those little anodynesThat deaden suffering;And then, to go to sleep;And then, if it should beThe will of its Inquisitor,The liberty to die.补偿为每一个狂喜的瞬间我们必须偿以痛苦至极，刺痛和震颤正比于狂喜。为每一个可爱的时刻必偿以多年的微薄薪饷，辛酸争夺来的半分八厘和浸满泪水的钱箱。CompensationFor each ecstatic instantWe must an anguish payIn keen and quivering ratioTo the each beloved hourSharp pittances of years,Bitter contested farthingsAnd coffers heaped with tears.战场他们雪片般落下，他们流星般落下，象一朵玫瑰花的花瓣纷纷落下，当风的手指忽然间穿划过六月初夏。在眼睛不能发现的地方，--他们凋零于不透缝隙的草丛；但上帝摊开他无赦的名单依然能传唤每一副面孔。The BattlefieldThey dropped like flakes, they dropped like stars,Like petals from a rose,When suddenly across the JuneA wind with fingers perished in the seamless grass, --No eye could find the place;But God on his repealless listCan summon every face.我没有时间憎恨我没有时间憎恨，因为坟墓会将我阻止，而生命并非如此简单能使我敌意终止。我也没时间去爱，仅因为必须有点勤奋，我以为爱的那少许辛苦对我已是足够莫大难忍。I had no time to hate, becauseI had no time to hate, becauseThe grave would hinder me,And life wa not so sample ICould finish had I time to love, but sinceSome industry must be,The little toil of love, I thought,Was large enough for me.我的河儿流向你我的河儿流向你--蓝色的海! 会否欢迎我?我的河儿待回响--大海啊--样子亲切慈祥--我将给你请来小溪从弄污的角落里--说呀--大海--接纳我!My River runs to thee—Blue Sea! Wilt welcome me?My River waits reply—Oh sea—look graciously—I’ll fetch thee BrooksFrom spotted nooks—Say—Sea—Take me!我的朋友我的朋友肯定是只鸟--因为它飞翔!我的朋友肯定是个人,因它会死亡!它有倒刺,象蜜蜂一样!哦,古怪的朋友啊!你使我迷茫!My friend must be a Bird--Because it flies!Mortal, my friend must be,Because it dies!Barbs has it, like a Bee!Ah, curious friend!Thou puzzlest me!天堂是个医生吗？天堂是个医生吗？他们说他能治病；但死后的医药是没有效用的。天堂是国库吗？他们谈及我们欠的债；可是那谈判我没参加。Is Heaven a Physician?Is Heaven a Physician?They say that He can heal -But Medicine PosthumousIs unavailable -Is Heaven an Exchequer?They speak of what we owe -But that negotiationI’m not a Party to -剧痛在于特征上剧痛在于特征上急切在于那迹象告别的狂喜称之为“死亡”当去忍受成长苦恼就因之遭遇我知道许可已经给予去与同类团聚A throe upon the features -A hurry in the breath -An ecstasy of partingDenominated “Death” -An anguish at the mentionWhich when to patience grown,I’ve known permission givenTo rejoin its own.痛之神秘痛有一个空白的元素；不能够记起当它开始，或如有一天当它不是痛时。它没有未来只有自己，包含它无限的领地它是过去，开明的去感知新的痛的周期。The Mystery of PainPain has an element of blank;It cannot recollectWhen it began, or if there wereA day when it was has no future but itself,Its infinite realms containIts past, enlightened to perceiveNew periods of pain.对人类而言太晚对人类而言太晚可对于上帝还早创世，虚弱无力的帮助可剩下的，我们还能够祈祷当地上不能存在天堂是何等美妙那时，我们老邻居上帝的表情会多么好客，殷勤，周到It was too late for Man -But early, yet for God -Creation - impotent to help -But Prayer - remained - Our Side -How excellent the Heaven -When Earth - cannot be had -How hospitable - then - the faceOf our Old Neighbor God -去天堂！去天堂！我不知何时-请千万别问我怎样！我实在太惊讶想不出回答你！去天堂！多么黯淡悲凉！可是必将做到就象羊群夜晚一定回家给牧羊人来关照！也许你也正在去！谁知道呢？假若你要先到那里就请为我保留一小块空间靠近我失去的两位亲人-那最小的“睡袍”对我会合适和仅仅一点点“花冠”-你知道当我们回家我们不在意穿着我很高兴我不信它因它会停止我的呼吸-而我愿意多看上一眼这样一个稀奇古怪的尘世！我很高兴他们信它他们我再没有找到过自从那伟大的秋天的午后我在地底下离开他们。Going to Heaven!I don’t know when -Pray do not ask me how!Indeed I’m too astonishedTo think of answering you!Going to Heaven!How dim it sounds!And yet it will be doneAs sure as flocks go home at nightUnto the Shepherd’s arm!Perhaps you’re going too!Who knows?If you should get there firstSave just a little space for meClose to the two I lost -The smallest “Robe” will fit meAnd just a bit of “Crown” -For you know we do not mind our dressWhen we are going home -I’m glad I don’t believe itFor it would stop my breath -And I’d like to look a little moreAt such a curious Earth!I’m glad they did believe itWhom I have never foundSince the mighty Autumn afternoonI left them in the ground.谁是东方？谁是东方？金黄之人他许是紫红之人携带日出谁是西方？紫红之人他许是金黄之人载送日落Who is the East?The Yellow ManWho may be Purple if He canThat carries in the is the West?The Purple ManWho may be Yellow if He canThat lets Him out again.它是个这样小的小船它是个这样小的小船东倒西歪下了港湾！何等雄浑壮观的大海吸引着它离远！如此贪婪强烈的波浪拍打着它离开海岸；未曾猜到这庄严宏伟的风帆我的手工小船还是迷失不见！‘Twas such a little - little boatThat toddled down the bay!‘Twas such a gallant - gallant seaThat beckoned it away!‘Twas such a greedy - greedy waveThat licked it from the Coast -Nor ever guessed the stately sailsMy little craft was lost!我信守我的誓言我信守我的誓言。我未曾被召唤-死神没有通知我，我带着我的玫瑰。我再次发誓，以每只神圣的蜜蜂-以从山坡唤来的雏菊-以来自小巷的食米鸟的名义。花朵和我-她的誓言和我的-一定将再来一次。I keep my was not called -Death did not notice bring my plight again,By every sainted Bee -By Daisy called from hillside -By Bobolink from and I -Her oath, and mine -Will surely come again.天使天使，在清晨时分许在露中看到她们，弯腰-采摘-微笑-飞翔-难道这花蕾属于她们？天使，当烈日如火许在沙中看到她们弯腰-采摘-微笑-飞翔-她们带走的花儿已烤成干身。Angels, in the early morningMay be seen the Dews among,Stooping - plucking - smiling - flying -Do the Buds to them belong?Angels, when the sun is hottestMay be seen the sands among,Stooping - plucking - smiling - flying -Parched the flowers they bear along.七月回答七月回答哪里是蜜蜂哪里是红色哪里是干草？啊，七月说哪里是种子哪里是萌芽哪里是五月我让你回答不-五月说示我白雪示我钟铃示我松鸦！挑剔的松鸦哪里是玉米哪里是薄雾哪里是芒刺？这里，年说到。Answer July -Where is the Bee -Where is the Blush -Where is the Hay?Ah, said July -Where is the Seed -Where is the Bud -Where is the May -Answer Thee - Me -Nay - said the May -Show me the Snow -Show me the Bells -Show me the Jay!Quibbled the Jay -Where be the Maize -Where be the Haze -Where be the Bur?Here - said the year -女士喂她的小鸟女士喂她的小鸟几乎毫无间隔小鸟没有不同意而是温顺地认可鸿沟于这手和她之间于无碎屑和在远方之间昏晕, 轻轻地跌倒在她黄皮肤的膝上, 怀着崇拜The Lady feeds Her little BirdAt rarer intervals -The little Bird would not dissentBut meekly recognizeThe Glf between the Hand and HerAnd crumbless and afarAnd fainting, on Her yellow KneeFall softly, and adore -信念丧失一个人的信念，远大于失去一份地产；因地产能够再置，而信念无法重建。信念可与生承继，但却只有一次；废止个单一条款做人实乃乞丐赤贫。To lose one’s faith—surpassThe loss of an Estate—Because Estates can beReplenished—faith cannot—Inherited with Life—Belief—but once—can be—Annihilate a single clause—And Being’s—Beggary—多远至天堂?多远至天堂?其遥如死亡;越过山与河,不知路何方.多远至地狱?其遥如死亡;多远左边坟,地形学难量.How far is it to Heaven?As far as Death this way?Of River or of Ridge beyondWas no far is it to Hell?As far as Death this way?How far left hand the SepulchreDefies Topography.我害怕拥有灵魂我害怕拥有灵魂--我害怕拥有肉身--深奥的危险的财产--拥有--没有选择的成分--双倍资产--愉快限定继承的财产给一个未想到的继承人--一个永恒瞬间的君主一个统辖新疆土的神I am afraid to own a Body—I am afraid to own a Soul—Profound—precarious Property—Possession, not optional—Double estate—entailed at pleasureUpon an unsuspecting Heir—Duke in a moment of DeathlessnessAnd God, for a Frontier.昨天是历史昨天是历史,它是如此久远--昨天是诗歌--它是哲学理念--昨天是迷团--哪里又是今天而我们精明思索时两者振翅飞远.Yesterday is History,‘Tis so far away—Yesterday is Poetry—‘Tis Philosophy—Yesterday is mystery—Where it is TodayWhile we shrewdly speculateFlutter both away.灰烬灰烬代表有过火--最灰的那堆使人敬畏因死去的生物之缘故它们曾在那片刻盘旋迂回--火先以光的形式存在然后则旺火强焰唯有化学家能够透露变成了什么碳酸盐。AshesAshes denote that Fire was—Revere the Grayest PileFor the Departed Creature’s sakeThat hovered there awhile—Fire exists the first in lightAnd then consolidatesOnly the Chemist can discloseInto what Carbonates.他忘了—而我—却记得他忘了—而我—却记得—这是作为基督和彼得许久以前的一件日常事物—“温暖他们”以“圣殿之火”。“你和他”—谈论“少女”？“不”—彼得说，“那不是我—”基督只是看着彼得—对你—我岂能别有所做？He forgot—and I—rememberedHe forgot—and I—remembered—’Twas an everyday affair—Long ago as Christ and Peter—"Warmed them" at the "Temple fire.""Thou wert with him"—quoth "the Damsel"?"No"—said Peter, ’twasn’t me—Jesus merely "looked" at Peter—Could I do aught else—to Thee?他弱，而我强—于是他弱，而我强—于是—他让我带他走进—我弱，而他强，于是—我让他领我回家。路不远—门就在附近—天也不黑—由于他去了—声不高—因他没说话—那就是我想知道的一切。白昼敲门—我们必须分别—现在—没有人是最强的—他努力了—而我也努力了—尽管我们不曾做啥！He was weak, and I was strong—thenHe was weak, and I was strong—then—So He let me lead him in—I was weak, and He was strong then—So I let him lead me—Home.’Twasn’t far—the door was near—’Twasn’t dark—for He went—too—’Twasn’t loud, for He said nought—That was all I cared to knocked—and we must part—Neither—was strongest—now—He strove—and I strove—too—We didn’t do it—tho’!因为我不能够停下等死因为我不能够停下等死--他为我停下友善和气--四轮马车只载着我俩--和不死。我们慢慢驱车--他知道不急而我也挥去了我的工作和安逸，缘他彬彬有礼--我们经过学校，值课间休息孩子们围成圆环--打逗游戏--我们经过农田凝望五谷我们经过落日--确切地说--是他经过了我们--那露水引来了冷颤寒气--因我的女礼服--仅为纤细的薄纱织物我的披肩--不过是绢网而已我们暂停于一幢建筑物前它看上去好似一片地面隆起--那屋顶几乎看不见--宛如飞檐装饰着大地--自那以后--若干个世纪--可还是感觉比那天短，我第一次猜测到那马头是朝向永恒之地--Because I could not stop for DeathBecause I could not stop for Death--He kindly stopped for me--The Carriage held but just Ourselves--And slowly drove--He knew no hasteAnd I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For His Civility--We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess--in the Ring--We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain--We passed the Setting Sun--Or rather--He passed us--The Dews drew quivering and chill--For only Gossamer, my Gown--My Tippet--only Tulle--We paused before a House that seemedA Swelling of the Ground--The Roof was scarcely visible--The Cornice--in the Ground--Since then--’tis Centuries--and yetFeels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses’ HeadsWere toward Eternity--

应该是emily，整句话意思应该是把玫瑰送给emily，所以主角应该是emily

从艾米丽小姐的代表意义上写：她是美国南方文明的牺牲者，是旧价值观的维护者和破坏者。她出于名门身份高贵，为了维护这种贵族高傲的传统，她没法和周围人交流，也鲜出门；爱上北方佬却无法和他在一起相守爱情，这都证明了她是牺牲者。她坚持不交税、住老房子又体现了对旧价值取向的维护；但她同时又爱上北方工人并以杀死他的方式与之“白头到老”，这又证明了她破坏了旧价值体系。也可以从叙事的时间顺序来写，本文为倒叙，倒叙之中又含插叙。还可以从作者福克纳（Faulkner）作品南方题材的角度写。福克纳本身是继马克吐温之后又一地方作家，他的作品多反映南方人生活状态的破碎、颓废、无希望，对旧价值观的维护和与南方工业文明的冲突及变化，福克纳的作品虽描写南方大家族没落的生活，但又不仅限于南方，因为他反映的是整个美国的问题。作家对南方生活现状和人们精神状态的态度是矛盾的，既有同情又有讽刺。《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》本身是对南方文明的探索与揭示：南方文明要破败了，北方势力已经侵入，人们的思想开始变通，但是艾米丽还是固守着家族的高贵不肯低头。这样的态度既古板又可敬，于是在她几近变态的毒杀爱人之后，作者还是忍不住为她的执着打动，在题目中为她献上了一朵娇艳的玫瑰。从这些角度挖掘，再加上其他论文的借鉴应该够了。

A ROSE FOR EMILY是威廉．福克纳非常著名的短篇小说，它特殊之处就在于它能够让人全神灌注地把整篇看完，之后仍然意犹未尽，又多么希望把整个故事说给别人听；虽然结局令人痛苦不堪，可是发人深省。A ROSE FOR EMILY是一篇以爱为主轴的小说,也许它不浪漫也不激情，但在某些小地方总不经意的透出一丝感人的气息。 Emily的父亲认为将她与外界隔绝是对她最好的保护，所以他以自视过高的心态一直在护卫着Emily，或许Emily曾想过反抗，但经年累月下来，这已成一种习惯。她已被父亲的高塔关住。当她父亲去世以后，她一直赖以维生的塔也随之倒了。她原本可以敞开心扉不再过寂寞孤独的日子，可是她又依据父亲对她的影响建造了另一座塔，以此否认父亲已死的事实。或许她心中认为这是最安全的一种方式 Barron的出现使她对自己的生活感到厌倦，再也不愿意继续孤独的日子，所以她尝试出门和人群接触，可是父亲对她的影响太深。她那高傲的心深爱着Barron，却不懂得与他交流爱的情感。于是当她将要和Barron结婚的时候，才发现这一切并不是Barron想要的，因为Barron对自由的执着使他不愿意对婚姻做出承诺。所以，当Emily知道自己不能拥有Barron时，她唯一能做的就是---把Barron带入自己的世界。 在奥地利，玫瑰是爱情、爱慕和敬仰的表示；而另一方面，Emily这一生中并没有任何点缀和光明，更没有鲜花所代表的生气，所以ROSE是叙述者在影射自己。以此推论，这个故事当依着“执着”为线索：首先，Emily的父亲对她执着的占有，而后是Emily对Barron爱的执着，Barron对自由的执着，还有叙述者对Emily执着的敬慕，直到Emily过世,叙述者仍一直关心注意着她。 她是自以为是家族的牺牲品，也是父亲占有欲下的囚犯。自私的占有并不是爱，而是一种欲望。即使Emily有自己的想法也不可以表达，也没有说话的对象，她为了保密甚至连唯一的仆人都给毒哑了；为了逃避现实她一直活在自己的世界里，和外面的事物全然隔绝，所以她留不住恋人，就让恋人的尸体伴着她数十年。直到她去世后，镇民才在她的床上发现失踪多年的Barron的骸骨…… Emily是个可怜的受害者。是她的至亲使她成为一个孤僻的人。也许她知道别人对她的关心，但是在她封闭的情感中又意图拒绝这种有限的关怀，哪怕是是她最需要的感情。其实Emily拥有很多可贵的事物，如果她能敞开心扉，她的人生就会像玫瑰那样鲜艳和美丽了。