服务质量研究外文论文

问题一：如何通过服务来提升顾客满意度论文总结 ・ 题名(Title,Topic) 题名又称题目或标题。题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。 论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息，也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。论文题目十分重要，必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性，用了下面的一句话：“论文题目是文章的一半”。 对论文题目的要求是：准确得体：简短精炼：外延和内涵恰如其分：醒目。 ・ 作者姓名和单位(Author and department) 这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负，二是记录作用的劳动成果，三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索(作者索引)。大致分为二种情形，即：单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者……。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度，对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者，贡献次之的，列为第二作者，余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。(三)摘要(Abstract)论文一般应有摘要，有些为了国际交流，还有外文(多用英文)摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容： ①从事这一研究的目的和重要性; ②研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作; ③获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解; ④结论或结果的意义。 ・ 关键词(Key words) 关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇，正是由于它的出现和发展，才使得情报检索计算机化(计算机检索)成为可能。 主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物，用自然语言来表达，并且具有组配功能，用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。关键词是标示文献关建主题内容，但未经规范处理的主题词。关键词是为了文献标引工作，从论文中选取出来，用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。 关键词或主题词的一般选择方法是由作者在完成论文写作后，纵观全文，先出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇，这些住处或词江，可以从论文标题中去找和选，也可以从论文内容中去找和选。例如上例，关键词选用了6个，其中前三个就是从论文标题中选出的，而后三个却是从论文内容中选取出来的。后三个关键词的选取，补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息，也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出，与从标题中选出的关键词一道，组成该论文的关键词组。 关键词与主题词的运用，主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要，以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。一个刊物增加“关键词”这一项，就为该刊物提高“引用率”、增加“知名度”开辟了一个新的途径。 (五)引言(Introduction) 引言又称前言，属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括：研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白，理论依据和实验基础，预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。 引言的文字不可冗长，内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎，措词要精炼，要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小，并无硬性的统一规定，需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定，长的可达700~800字或1000字左右，短的可不到100字。 问题二：客户的满意度研究毕业论文怎么写 主要是什么类型的客户啊？ 以前毕业的时候做过满意度调查的 呵呵 问题三：为什么要进行客户满意度研究？ 市场经济下，企业要以市场客户为导向，客户是企业生存的基础，因此只有牢牢掌握住了客户才能占据市场份额。 目前来说，由于竞争的激烈和各项企业成本的上升，维护一个已有的老客户比开发一个新客户的成本低很多，通过进行客户满意度研究，提升客户对本企业产品的忠诚度，既能为公司节约竞争成本，同时又能带来巨大的收益，而且企业的口碑由于客户满意度的提高得到了传播，能吸引老客户介绍来的新客户。 问题四：如何写关于“提高客户满意度方法的研究”论文 10分 去知网找，那里肯定有你要的论文，自己可以先搜搜看，不知道怎样找的话，可以去我百度空间里，有川何在网络上找论文的文章介绍 问题五：论文：关于如何提升客户满意度的策略 20分 夏四月辛卯，尹氏卒。尹氏者何？天子之大夫也。其称尹氏何？贬。曷为贬？讥世卿，世卿非礼也。外大夫不卒，此何以卒？天王崩，诸侯之主也。 问题六：急急急！！！求客户满意度研究论文的学习笔记，笔记内容包括：论文结构，论文理论依据，研究方法，问卷问 100分 .1 选题的背景 河北滏瑞特投资有限公司于2001年成立。经过几年滚动发展，由单一的建材市场发展成了一个邯郸地区较大规模集建材营销、装修施工、装饰设计、健身娱乐于一体的综合型多方位集团企业。几年来，公司坚持经济效益、社会效益同步发展的思路，在自身得到较大发展并取得一定经济效益的同时，也得到社会的广泛赞誉和认可。公司先后被评为“五一劳动奖状”、“青年文明号”、 “物价信得过单位”、 “消费者信得过单位”、 “明码标价样板企业”、 “十佳民营企业”等称号。被邯山区委、区 *** 授予“民营经济发展功勋企业”、省级“信用良好企业”。现为中国建筑装饰协会会员单位，省、市装饰协会常务理事单位，具有”三级资质”证书。公司下设：滏瑞特建材精品城、滏瑞特健身俱乐部、滏瑞特装饰工程公司。 滏瑞特建材精品城，总面积1.8万余平方米，西临滏河大街，南临渚河路，位置俱佳。采用全新的管理模式，市场化经营、商场化管理；敞开式格局，展厅式销售，汇集国内外名优品牌建材，主营陶瓷、橱卫、木业、布艺、家具、灯饰等，是广大消费者理想的家居购物广场。 但是从业务整合后，由于整个体系业务的重新调整使本来就相对薄弱的客户服务体系在整合的过程中显得更加漏洞百出，客户的满意度快速的下滑，不但影响了 2008一2009年的各项销售业绩，同时在面对金融危机，整个市场不景气的大环境下，客户的流失率增大，为争夺客户，企业的各项营销费用全面上浮，增加了原来从未启用过的宣传渠道以及力度空前的材料折扣，有些材料的毛利甚至为负，但效果却都不明显。因此研究滏瑞特的客户满意度问题显得尤为重要。 1.2 研究目的 滏瑞特建材超市目前的发展面临重大挑战，提高客户满意度直接关系到公司的生存和进一步发展，也影响了滏瑞特在河北地区的扩展。通过在滏瑞特的实习，我希望能通过调查研究，找出影响建材超市客户满意度关键因素，并根据研究结果对症下药，实现滏瑞特客户满意度的较大提升，以提高整体经营业绩，为滏瑞特整体的战略发展做出贡献。 河北工程大学毕业论文 2 1.3 研究方法及结构安排 1.3.1 研究方法 本文中大量的数据是实地调研所得，采用的研究方法是：抽样调查和统计分析相结合。 1.3.2 结构安排 本论文共分五章内容来进行论述： 第一章为绪论部分，介绍了写作该论文选题背景、研究的目的、研究的方法及结构安排、论文创新。 第二章为相关理论，介绍了客户满意度的概念、客户满意度的测评模型、客户满意度测评模型在建材超市中的应用、客户满意度的测评具体方法、客户满意度测评抽样。 第三章进行了滏瑞特建材超市客户满意度测评，根据测评指标体系，进行调查问卷的设计，并对数据进行了分析与整理，初步得出了滏瑞特建材精品城客户满意度现状。 第四章进行了滏瑞特建材超市客户满意度调查结果的分析，着重进行了客户满意度影响因素的探讨，以及客户差异与客户满意度的交叉分析。对于滏瑞特建材超市客户满意度存在的问题，文章也有相关的论述。 第五章为改进意见以及具体措施。 1.4 论文的创新 通过查阅和研究相关学术文章和研究报告，我们发现现相关论文关注的重点主要有：客户满意度和重要性、客户满意度的测评方法及某行业或某公司的客户满意度测评分析，但还没有具体研究二三线城市建材超市的客户满意度的相关资料。本文通过构建滏瑞特建材超市的客户满意度的测评指标，分析了影响客户满意度的因素。本文的创新点在于通过研究滏瑞特建材超市这一地区名牌建材超市的客户满意度问题，为地区性的建材超市解决客户满意度问题的具体措施提供一些......>> 问题七：急急如律令！！求写毕业论文客户满意度分析方面的参考文献！！要近几年的 专著 谢谢各位大神~~ 通过客户满意度管理提高客户忠诚度的战略分析 [摘要] 企业因为进入三个误区，而把客户满意度与客户忠诚度简单地等同起来。而实际观察的结果是，只有客户达到完全满意，才能保证客户忠诚度的稳定。本文通过分析三个误区的特点，以及深入分析客户满意度在不同竞争环境中的作用，对如何通过客户满意度管理来提高客户忠诚度的战略进行了剖析。 [关键词] 误区 客户满意度 客户忠诚度 一、客户满意度与客户忠诚度关系的三个误区 通常情况下，管理层把顾客满意度与客户忠诚度等同起来，认为满意的顾客自然会忠诚于品牌或者公司。于是，公司关注于改善现有顾客满意程度的提高，但是，又往往在看到顾客满意度调查结果中大部分顾客是“基本满意”后，觉得顾客忠诚度也达到令人满意的程度了，于是提高顾客满意度的努力就戛然而止。这种现象是由以下几个认识上的误区造成的： 误区一：管理层通常认为只要顾客对产品和服务没有抱怨，基本上满意，那么客户忠诚度自然也有保证。 客户满意度与客户忠诚度之间并不必然相关，而且相关性也并不是简单的正相关关系。满意度能够代表顾客对以往消费的信心和认可，但是，不能保证顾客不会选择其他公司的产品。顾客满意度只是顾客忠诚度的基础，但并不是充分条件。在银行信用卡市场上，大部分银行的产品和服务具有高度类似性。客户对于信用卡产品和服务的满意程度更多的取决于那个银行的服务更加体贴。对信用卡只表示基本满意的顾客是不会成为忠实的用户的。 误区二：提高客户满意度的管理投入随着客户满意度的提高而上升，因此，追求客户完全满意的境界会让企业失去提高利润上的灵活性。 客户满意度是企业努力进行关系管理的结果。为了降低失误、提高产品和服务的质量，企业需要投入大量资源进行管理。但是，究竟客户满意度要达到什么程度能够使企业实现最有效的资源利用。增加投入会提高顾客满意的范围和深度；追求让顾客完全满意，尽管会给企业带来压力，但是，回报也是巨大的，不但不会降低企业的灵活性，反而会保证企业基业常青。 误区三：客户忠诚度到了一定的程度，无论满意度如何提高，也不会有所增加。 顾客忠诚度是极其敏感的变量，任何改变都会影响忠诚度的系数。满意度不断提高，将会保证客户忠诚度的稳定性，同时也是有效的防御性竞争战略。例如餐饮业，刚开张的酒楼饭店靠招牌菜闯出了名气后，许多顾客就会预测，这家站稳脚跟的酒店接下来饭菜质量和服务都会下降，要么菜量减少，要么味道变差。结果便是回头客减少。顾客忠诚度是一种非常脆弱的态度，任何因素都会成为负面诱因。因此，只有满意度不断替高，才能保证顾客忠诚度的稳定。 走出以上三个误区，就可以清晰地看到：一般的客户满意度并不能保证客户忠诚度的稳定和提高，但是，客户忠诚度的提高必须要有客户满意度不断提高为基础。 二、满意度的四种表现 满意度对提高顾客忠诚度的作用在四个层次上有不同的表现: 当顾客满意度是“不满意”时，顾客忠诚度为负值。顾客不仅不会选择令他们感到过不愉快和不满意的产品服务，还会影响周围其他人放弃该产品或服务。 造成顾客满意度如此之低的原因是顾客曾经经历过不愉快的产品服务消费过程，而矛盾产生之后，提供商没有任何的关系修复措施。例如，在旅游景区人们的经验就是那里的食宿服务质量肯定是不如非景区的。而大部分顾客如果遇到不愉快的经历，也都因为是游客身份而不予追究。景区的经营者也就因此认为不需要提高服务质量，不需要采取关系修补措施。对于个别经营者来说，也许这样做并不会影响自身的经营，但是，整个景区会逐渐被这种故意行为所拖累，恶名远扬，最终，所有的经营户都......>> 问题八：顾客满意度的定义 顾客满意是指顾客对其明示的、通常隐含的或必须履行的需求或期望已被满足的程度的感受。满意度是顾客满足情况的反馈。它是偿产品或者服务性能，以及产品或者服务本身的评价；给出了（或者正在给出）一个与消费的满足感有关的快乐水平，包括低于或者超过满足感的水平，是一种心理体验。 问题九：如何提高快递行业客户满意度的研究毕业论文外文翻译 你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！ 学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。 论文写作包括以下几个步骤： 第一、研究课题的基础工作――收集资料。考生可以从查阅图书馆、资料室的资料，做实地调查研究，实验与观察等三个方面来搜集资料。搜集资料越具体、越细致越好，最好把想要搜集资料的文献目录、详细计划都列出来。首先，查问资料时要熟悉、掌握图书分类法，要善于利用书目、索引，要熟练地使用其他工具书，如年鉴、文摘、表册、数字等。其次，做实地调查研究，调查研究能获得最真实可靠、最丰富的第一手料，调查研究时要做到目的明确、对象明确、内容明确。调查的方法有：普遍调查、重点调查、型调查、抽样调查。调查的方式有：开会、访问、问卷。最后，关于实验与观察，实验与观察是搜集科学资料数据，获得感性知识的基本途径，是形成、产生、发展和检验科学理论的实践基础，本方法在理工科、医类等专业研究中较为常用，运用本方法时要做认真的全面记录。 第二、研究课题的重点工作――研究资料。考生要对所搜集到手的资料进行全面浏览，并对不同资料采用不同的阅读方法，如通读，选读，研读。通读即对全书全文阅读，选读即对有用部分、有用内容阅读，研读即对与研究课题有关的内容进行全面、认真、细致、深入、反复的阅读。在研读过程中积极思考。要以书或论文中的论点、论据、论证方法与研究方法来触发自己的思考，竭力产生创见，要眼、手、脑并用，要发挥想象力，开拓创造性思维，进行新的创造。 在研究资料时，还要做好资料的记录。对新鲜论点，好的见解，要完完全全摘录；对能说明问题，有说服力的论据、好材料，要不加改动地摘录；对过长的资料，可加以简明扼要的概括，对这些资料都要分类整理。 第三、研究课题的核心工作――明确论点和选定材料。在研究资料基础上，考生提出自己的观点和见解，根据选题，确立基本论点和分论点。提出自己的观点要突出新创见，创新是灵魂，切忌人云亦云。同时，还要防止贪大求全的倾向，生伯不完整，大段地复述已有的知识，那就体现不出自己研究的特色和成果了。 根据已确立的基本论点和分论点选定材料，这些材料是自己在对所搜集资料的加以研究的基础上形成的。组织材料要注意掌握科学的思维方法，注意前后材料的逻辑关系和主次关系。 第四、研究课题的关键工作――执笔撰写。考生下笔时要对以下两个方面加以注意：拟定提纲和基本格式。 拟定提纲包括题目、基本论点、内容纲要。内容纲要包括大项 目即大段段旨、中项目即段旨、小项目即段中材料或小段段旨。拟定提纲有助于安排好全文的逻辑结构，构建论文的基本框架。

服务营销 Service Marketing服务质量管理 service quality management relationship management (CRM) is a multifaceted process, mediated by a set of information technologies, that focuses on creating two-way exchanges with customers so that firms have an intimate knowledge of their needs, wants, and buying patterns. In this way, CRM helps companies understand, as well as anticipate, the needs of current and potential customers.[1] Functions that support this business purpose include sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. Many CRM initiatives have failed because implementation was limited to software installation without alignment to a customer-centric strategy.There are many aspects of CRM which were mistakenly thought to be capable of being implemented in isolation from each other. [3]From the outside of the organization, a customer experiences the business as one entity operating over extended periods of time. Thus piecemeal CRM implementation can come across to the customer as unsynchronized where employees and web sites and services are acting independently of one another, yet together represent a common entity.CRM is the philosophy, policy and coordinating strategy connecting different players within an organization so as to coordinate their efforts in creating an overall valuable series of experiences, products and services for the customer.The different players within the organization are in identifiable groups:Customer Facing Operations - The people and the technology support of processes that affect a customer's experience at the frontline interface between the customer and the organization. This can include face to face, phone, IM, chat, email, web and combinations of all media. Self-service kiosk and web self-service are doing the job of vocals and they belong here. Internal Collaborative Functional Operations - The people and technology support of processes at the policy and back office which ultimately affect the activities of the Customer Facing Operations concerning the building and maintaining of customer relationships. This can include IT, billing, invoicing, maintenance, planning, marketing, advertising, finance, services planning and manufacturing. External Collaboration functions - The people and technology support of processes supporting an organization and its cultivation of customer relationships that are affected by the organization's own relationship with suppliers/vendors and retail outlets/distributors. Some would also include industry cooperative networks, e.g. lobbying groups, trade associations. This is the external network foundation which supports the internal Operations and Customer facing Operations. Customer Advocates and Experience Designers - Creative designers of customer experience that meet customer relationship goals of delivering value to the customer and profit to the organization (or desired outcomes and achievement of goals for non-profit and government organizations) Performance Managers and Marketing Analysts - Designers of Key Performance Indicators and collectors of metrics and data so as to execute/implement marketing campaigns, call campaigns, Web strategy and keep the customer relationship activities on track. This would be the milestones and data that allow activities to be coordinated, that determine if the CRM strategy is working in delivering ultimate outcomes of CRM activities: market share, numbers and types of customers, revenue, profitability, intellectual property concerning customers preferences. Customer and Employee Surveyors and Analysts - Customer Relationships are both fact driven and impression driven - the quality of an interaction is as important as the information and outcome achieved, in determining whether the relationship is growing or shrinking in value to the participants. [edit] Technology considerationsThe basic building blocks:A database for customer lifecycle (time series) information about each customer and prospect and their interactions with the organization, including order information, support information, requests, complaints, interviews and survey responses.Customer Intelligence - Translating customer needs and profitability projection into game plans for different segments or groups of customers, captured by customer interactions (Human, automated or combinations of both) into software that tracks whether that game plan is followed or not, and whether the desired outcomes are obtained.Business Modeling Customer Relationship Strategy, Goals and outcomes: Numbers and description of whether goals were met and models of customer segments and game plans worked as hypothesized.Learning and Competency Management Systems - Customer Capacity and Competency Development - Training and improving processes and technology that enable the organization to get closer to achieving the desired results. Complex systems require practice in order to achieve desired outcomes, especially when humans and technology are interacting. Iteration is the key to refining, improving and innovating to stay ahead of the competition in Customer Relationship Management. (Successful tools, technology and practices will be copied by the competition as soon as they are proven successful.)The building blocks can be implemented over time separately, but eventually need to be dynamically coordinated. The ongoing alignment of the basic building blocks distinguishes an elegant seamless CRM implementation which successfully builds mutually valuable relationships.[edit] Types/Variations of CRMThere are several different approaches to CRM, and at present there is no one software package that allows all of these approaches to be applied. When companies consider implementing a CRM strategy, they usually talk about either Campaign Management or Sales Force Automation. Although CRM is much more than either of those parts, software packages are usually based around one or the other idea (with SFA being the most popular).Operational CRMOperational CRM provides support to "front office" business processes, including sales, marketing and service. Each interaction with a customer is generally added to a customer's contact history, and staff can retrieve information on customers from the database when necessary.One of the main benefits of this contact history is that customers can interact with different people or different contact channels in a company over time without having to describe the history of their interaction each time.Consequently, many call centers use some kind of CRM software to support their call center agents.Operational CRM processes customer data for a variety of purposes:Managing Campaigns Enterprise Marketing Automation Sales Force Automation Sales Force Automation (SFA)Sales Force Automation is a type of Operational CRM that is designed to automate sales-force-related activities, such as lead tracking. Software products perform such tasks as:Keeping lists of leads Assigning list segments to salespeople Allowing list contacts to be called or e-mailed Tracking responses Generating reports Analytical CRMAnalytical CRM analyzes customer data for a variety of purposes:Design and execution of targeted marketing campaigns to optimize marketing effectiveness Design and execution of specific customer campaigns, including customer acquisition, cross-selling, up-selling, retention Analysis of customer behavior to aid product and service decision making (e.g. pricing, new product development etc.) Management decisions, e.g. financial forecasting and customer profitability analysis Prediction of the probability of customer defection (churn analysis) Analytical CRM generally makes heavy use of data mining.Sales Intelligence CRMSales Intelligence CRM is very similar to Analytical CRM, but it is intended as a more direct sales tool. Features include the delivery of "alerts" to sales people based on analysis of such factors as:Cross-sell/Up-sell/Switch-sell opportunities. Customer Drift. Sales performance, good and bad. Customer trends Customer margins Campaign ManagementCampaign management software is marketing-oriented CRM software that combines elements of Operational and Analytical CRM and allows campaigns to be run on an existing client base. Campaign Management is used when you need to create personalized offers when it is prohibitively expensive to personally contact each client. Campaign management software functions include:Choosing campaign recipients from the client base according to selected criteria Development of a campaign offer (this is often done "out-of-the-system" and is not automated) Assigning specific campaign offers to selected recipients Automatically sending offers to the selected clients via selected channels (either directly, via channels such as e-mail, or indirectly, by creating lists for use in channels such as direct mail) Gathering, storing, and analyzing campaign results (including tracking responses and analyzing propensities) Collaborative CRMThe function of the Customer Interaction System or Collaborative Customer Relationship Management is to coordinate the multi-channel service and support given to the customer by providing the infrastructure for responsive and effective support to customer issues, questions, complaints, etc.Collaborative CRM aims to get various departments within a business, such as sales, technical support and marketing, to share the useful information that they collect from interactions with customers. Feedback from a technical support center, for example, could be used to inform marketing staffers about specific services and features requested by customers. Collaborative CRM's ultimate goal is to use information collected from all departments to improve the quality of customer service.[4]Geographic CRMGeographic CRM (GCRM) is a customer relation management information system which collaborates geographic information system and traditional CRM.gCRM combines data collected from route of movement, types of residence, ambient trading areas and other customer and marketing information which are matched with relevant road conditions, building formations, and a floating population. Such data are conformed with a map and is regionally analyzed with OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) for visualization. This enables a company to examine potential customers and manage existing customers in the region.StrategySeveral commercial CRM software packages are available which vary in their approach to CRM. However, as mentioned above, CRM is not just a technology but rather a comprehensive customer-centric approach to an organization's philosophy in dealing with its customers. This includes policies and processes, front-of-house customer service, employee training, marketing, systems and information management. Hence, it is important that any CRM implementation considerations stretch beyond technology, towards the broader organizational requirements.The objectives of a CRM strategy must consider a company’s specific situation and its customers' needs and expectations. Information gained through CRM initiatives can support the development of marketing strategy by developing the organization's knowledge in areas such as identifying customer segments, improving customer retention, improving product offerings (by better understanding customer needs), and by identifying the organization's most profitable customers.[5]CRM strategies can vary in size, complexity and scope. Some companies consider a CRM strategy to only focus on the management of a team of salespeople. However, other CRM strategies can cover customer interaction across the entire organization. Many commercial CRM software packages that are available provide features that serve sales, marketing, event management, project management and finance.SuccessesWhile there are numerous reports of "failed" implementations of various types of CRM projects,[6] these are often the result of unrealistic high expectations and exaggerated claims by CRM vendors.Many of these "failures" are also related to data quality and availability. Data cleaning is a major issue. If the company CRM strategy is to track life-cycle revenues, costs, margins and interactions between individual customers, this must be reflected in all business processes. Data must be extracted from multiple sources (e.g., departmental/divisional databases, including sales, manufacturing, supply chain, logistics, finance, service, etc.), requiring an integrated, comprehensive business processing system to be in place with defined structures and data quality. If not, interfaces must be developed and implemented to extract data from different systems. This creates a demand far beyond customer satisfaction to understand the full business-to-business relationship. For this reason, CRM is more than a sales or customer interaction system.The experience from many companies[who?] is that a clear CRM requirement with regard to reports (e.g., input and output requirements) is of vital importance before starting any implementation.[citation needed] With a proper demand specification, a great deal of time and money can be saved based on realistic expectations of systems capability.[citation needed] A well operating CRM system can be an extremely powerful tool for management and customer strategies.Privacy and data securityOne of the primary functions of CRM software is to collect information about customers. When gathering data as part of a CRM solution, a company must consider customer privacy and data security with respect to legal and cultural environments. Some customers prefer assurance that their data is not shared with third parties without their consent and that it cannot be illicitly accessed by third parties.

生物医学工程是综合生物学、医学以及工程学的理论和方法而发展起来的一门交叉学科，是我国二十一世纪优先发展、重点支持的学科之一。其基本任务是运用工程技术手段研究和解决生物学和医学中的有关问题。 交大生物医学工程专业以北京军区总医院、北京阜外医院、原北京铁路总医院等三级甲等医院为教学科研基地，并且配有先进的计算机综合实验室、信号与信息处理实验室和新建的高水平的医学电子、数字医学信息、解剖三个教学实验室，具备良好的教学环境和鲜明的特色。 交大生物医学工程专业强调生物医学与电子信息科学的交叉与融合，注重培养具有扎实的计算机、信息科学和电子技术基础，宽厚的生物医学工程专业知识，创新意识和工程实践能力较强的理、工、医相结合的复合型高级科学研究与技术开发的专门人才。毕业生可在生物医学工程领域、生物信息领域、各级医疗卫生研究部门、生物医学电子工程、医学仪器以及其它电子技术、计算机技术和信息产业部门从事研究、开发、教学及管理工作。可以报考生物医学工程、信号与信息处理、计算机应用技术、电子工程等相关专业的研究生。品学兼优的学生可以保送攻读硕士学位或直接攻读博士学位。 学生在校期间，除公共基础课外，还要学习生物学和医学、计算机、信息科学和医用电子工程等四大类课程。主干课程有：解剖与生理、病理学、高级程序设计、数据结构、电路分析、模拟电子技术、数字电路、微机原理及接口技术、信号与系统、数字信号处理、生物医学信号处理、医学影像系统、医学图像处理、医学电子工程等。此外，学生还将参加专业实习与实验、课程设计和毕业设计等实践环节，并参与相关科研项目的设计与开发活动。