地理标志国际保护问题研究论文

Geographical indications is an important intellectual property rights, the international community to conclude a special international convention on the protection of geographical indications. In the context of economic globalization, with the deepening of international division of labor, the increasing internationalization of production, which as an international intellectual property protection system, an important increasing in most countries attach great importance to it as the maintenance of their external an important means of economic and trade interests. As countries increase the level of opening to the outside world, China's market economy development, foreign trade and exchanges become increasingly frequent, more and more of China's enterprises "going out" strategy, thus strengthening the protection of geographical indications is particularly important. The protection of geographical indications in our country is facing problems from the conflict management system, the imperfections of the legislative, the importance of knowledge and a serious lack of education, lack of understanding of foreign law, not through eating so many of our the legitimate interests of the protection has not been reasonable, in the foreign trade has been in a passive posture and loss. Therefore, China should strengthen the work in this regard, and strive to do better, to discuss their reading and take an active coping strategies, to promote the development of China's foreign trade has an important practical significance.

The geography marking in the international trade and its law protectTake off to want:in the international trade, geography the marking becomes a country protection race industry to rob important means of have the international market increasingly, is secure to depend on the native special features product export to create to remit to the lord of developing country but talk, protect in good geography of the our country marking get is importance.But, our country currently to geography marking power of the theories research shortage, law provision not perfect, give practice result in a lot of problems and disorder.This text takes this as 基 to order, emphasizing to elaborate how to protect the geography marking in the international trade from the law. Keyword:the geography marking;international trade;the law protectThe geography marking is the industry that is protect by law to produce power, in the international trade the fulfillment, it is meant an original habitat of product by conduct and actions of marking but used for a merchandise directly up.As a result is close with the international trade relation, the TRIPS is in the GATT 《the protection industry produce a Parisian convention of power 》and 《protection original name Lisbon in habitat pact 》wait the foundation of the international convention up, overall,ruled geography marking systematically of protection and usage rule.

地理标志历来在各国都有着重要的地位，在国际上也是一个备受重视但又并未完全解决的问题，各国对地理标志的保护方法也各有不同。根据世界知识产权组织国际局的研究，目前各国保护地理标志的方式大致可分为注册证明商标或集体注册商标保护、反不正当竞争法或消费者保护法、单独立法保护三种保护方式。1．通过注册集体商标或者证明商标保护。目前，约有100多个国家和地区通过注册证明商标或集体商标的方式保护地理标志。要求地理标志的持有人将该商标予以注册的生产低于范围、技术标准、商标图案等进行界定，这种界定是说明书的组成部分，当申请被批准时，该说明书就成为注册中的重要部分，对注册人和商标使用人具有法律约束力。这种保护方式的优点在于将地理标志纳入到《商标法》的保护体系内，易于对农产品的地理标志进行程序化保护，也方便在其他国家和地区取得保护。2．通过《反不正当竞争法》进行保护。用《反不正当竞争法》作为保护地理标志的这种方法，在历史上不断发展。《巴黎公约》最初规定的行为，即能够禁止或限于与虚假商号一起使用虚假产地标记的行为；后来发展为禁止使用虚假或者欺性的产地标记（巴黎会约、里斯本协定、马德里协定），再发展到使用地理标志构成巴黎公约第10条之二所规定的不正当竞争行为的一般性禁止。建立在反不正当竞争基础上的地理标志保护制度的主要特征之一，在于法官要在诉讼过程中明确界定该地理标志定义中的关键要素，诸如生产地域、源自地理标志指示地域的特定质量，以及地理标志的声誉。即使在采取注册集体商标和证明商标或者专门立法保护地理标志的国家，反不正当竞争法仍然是保护地理标志的一种补充手段，例如，中国商标法就是从反不正当竞争的目的出发，规定对于含有虚假地理名称标志的商标不予注册。3．专门法保护。世界上大多数国家不接受专门法保护这种方法，目前国际范围内约有20个国家按此模式保护地理标志。这种保护方式又可细分为注册地理标志保护和原产地名称保护。法国是实施原产地保护最早的国家，它有一套完整又专门的保护方法。法国政府设立了原产地名称局（INAO），其主要职能就是对使用“经检测”的原产地名称的产品的质量进行检测和控制。对于除葡萄酒、烈性酒和奶酪以外的其他产品的原产地名称，则可以通过司法途径或者行政程序认定。除上述保护模式外，有的国家采用对不同产品的地理标志适用不同的法律和程序给予保护的做法。如澳大利亚制定了专门的法律《澳大利亚葡萄酒和白兰地联合体法案1980》，葡萄酒地理标志的保护要依据该法进行注册保护，除葡萄酒之外的产品标志则依据《商标法案1995》通过注册证明商标保护。中国目前存在三套地理标志保护制度，即：根据《中华人民共和国农业法》、《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》、《农产品地理标志管理办法》由中华人民共和国农业部批准登记的农产品地理标志；根据《中华人民共和国商标法》、《中华人民共和国商标法实施条例》、《集体商标、证明商标注册和管理办法》由国家工商行政管理总局批准作为集体商标、证明商标注册的地理标志；根据《中华人民共和国产品质量法》、《中华人民共和国标准化法》、《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》、《地理标志产品保护规定》由国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准实施保护的地理标志产品。