发布时间：
侧重记事的论文，以叙述事情的 发生、发展、经过和结果为重点，如《一面》。 侧重状物的论文，以状物为主， 借象征抒怀，如《白杨礼赞》《石榴》《海燕》。
公式和图表如果是图片格式的就测不出来了 这个系统主要检测关键词、段落长度、段落数量、最大段长，首段字数、末段字数等文档特征，一般都会查到抄袭内容，你只要把文字多用同义词替换就可以避过
我们有本科专业，也有专科。 从就业的角度出发，也可以考虑学一门实用的技术，其实计算机专业就是很好的， 比如ui设计、4G移动开发、互联网编程、大数据、云计算、VR等等就业前景都挺好。 看自己的兴趣和未来的发展方向， 然后选择就行... 我们的很多学生都是学有所成，祝你一切顺利
不知道你所说的统计是什么方面的，如果是科学计算方面的要用专业的科学计算软件，如Matlab、Origin等等，但是如果是简单的统计用Excel就OK
我所知，现在不同杂志社的发表价格差很多，尤其是核心期刊，光版面费就好几千。 至于普刊，价格也差的比较多，一般专业类期刊就贵些，综合类期刊稍微便宜些，我以前在百姓论文网发表过几篇论文，感觉价格还可以，你也可以去问问。 如果想要分辨期刊的价格，建议你从以下几个方面来区分 1、上网搜一下期刊，在都是正规期刊的前提下，一般影响因子越高的期刊网上发表越贵 2、相对而言，知网收录的期刊，比其它网站收录的能贵些 3、这个是最简单的，直接询问杂志社 纯手打，望选个满意。。
排版，文字排版Word、数学公式Mathtype、文献管理Endnote 画图，看你那个学科、画什么图了。统计图，理科一般用Origin，社科类一般是SPSS
用excel软件，专用处理表格的！
编辑数学公式肯定是要用公式编辑器啦，你可以选择使用word中自带的公式编辑器，也可以下载一个mathtype公式编辑器，一般来说写论文的话用mathtype比较多，因为功能比较全面一些，比word自带的公式编辑器要好用一些。你直接下载一个，:mathtype./xiazai.直接进行安装就可以，一般在word里面就会自动加载mathtype选项，如果没有可以进行手动加载，也可以使用“插入”——“对象”——“mathtype equation ”这样来打开编辑公式
文章中英文书名不用书名号，将书名变成斜体的即可。学术论文中的英文一般采用Times New Roman font或者是Times Roman。
一般而言，我们拟合ELISA标准曲线选用比较经典的Curve Expert 或者Curve Expert 软件。
留学党看过来！5个亲测好用的写论文神器当然不能一味地用死劲逼自己，利用好各种论文帮助工具简直帮助太大了。我用了这几个论文工具，这里给宝子们分享一下我实际使用过的心得~
最后总结一下自己用过的体会，这些神器利用好真的可以提升写论文效率和质量，分数等级可以提升一到两级，但最主要的还是自己的写作能力和对写作主题理解分析的程度，找到参考文献的说服力，所以想要论文高分还是要好好学英语，提升写作和阅读理解力。
文中画出漂亮的插图 比较多
科研绘图之所以是门不容小觑的专业，是因为科研绘图不是偏重美感及感知的绘画，而是把科研概念和许多语言无法描述的想法以图像的方式与研究同侪和社会大众沟通，虽是图像，其实就是研究成果。既然是专业的研究成果，通常有许多同领域的研究人员在期刊或是专书中都有相同结构的图像，准备绘图前应该尽量（1）搜集到2个以上的已出版参考图；（2）到在线图库或是下段将介绍的科研绘图平台，以关键字搜索能够使用的图；（3）决定本次绘制图片的尺寸；（4）考虑是否需要彩色，还是黑白效果较好，（5）以真实尺寸画图像草稿。如果是手绘达人的话，或许各种绘图软件都不甚顺手时，可以直接以手绘图像上阵。
许多杰出的科学家都颇有艺术天份，达文西就是代表人物，回想一下在生物课本上看到的那些动物细胞图、人体器官图、植物维管束图、各式各样病毒的图片，还有DNA双螺旋图，要能够精美专业地绘制这些图案并不容易，但是生在图像传播媒体日新月异的当代，科学家想要以图像传达新的概念或研究成果已经不是难事，因为免费或收费合理的科研插图绘制平台及绘图软件已经如雨后春笋的姿态出现在科学界了。除了设计演示文稿和海报很好用的Canva以及Pictochart，还有许多科研人员不能错过的科研绘图神器：
到web of science 检索，中文论文就是用英文名字检索。
SCI医学论文图文摘要的制作，医荟园一般建议：不言自明、内容精简、确定视觉元素内容和展示方式、展示关键性的文字、根据期刊要求制图、借鉴优秀案例。一、不言自明通常情况下，医学科研工作都是比较复杂的，如果作者把图文摘要绘制得十分繁琐，那么必定会流失一部分读者的阅读兴趣。因此建议图文摘要制作要清晰，直接展示，尽力做到一目了然。如果让读者不需要反复思考太多就能理解呈现的是什么，从而进一步阅读论文，那么该图文摘要的制作就是成功的。二、内容精简一般情况下，图文摘要是对研究论文提炼出的最重要、最精华的部分。图文摘要和文本摘要之间的区别是，图文摘要应该只着重强调论文的某一个方面，而不是对整体研究的概括总结。比如写作的医学论文，可能有一个独特的创新点和主题，或者包含一些有价值的研究结果（数据）和实验方法等，这时只需关注其中一个着重点来构思图文摘要，忽略其它次要的内容。因此在开始制作图片之前，要重新审视论文内容，确定什么是最值得展示给读者的信息。三、确定视觉元素内容和展示方式图文摘要制作，首先确定展示的视觉元素（例如细胞，蛋白质，化学结构式，动物，仪器耗材，实验结果图等）以及用来描述它们的文本元素。如果一个概念可以在视觉上呈现，那么显然比用文字描述效果更好。当绘制草图时，要考虑清楚需要用到的元素，由于图文摘要的空间有限，要用尽可能少的元素信息来表达清楚意图，然后再进一步压缩、简化一下已有的要点内容，直到无法删减为止。同时确定一下顺序排列（从左到右或从上到下组织）。此外，避免有太多的视觉元素分散排列，可以为一些图片或文本添加边框，并且相互之间保持合适的距离。不过，尽量不要用太多不同的颜色，也不要使用过于鲜艳的颜色。四、展示关键性的文字众所周知，图文摘要中不适宜添加较多的文字，读者一般会通过一些特定的关键词和数据对论文的内容和结论做出预先判断。因此建议可以策略性地将这些可能的关键词插入在图片中，引起读者的兴趣。而且图中的所有文字应该是同一种字体，并且使用常见的字体。五、根据期刊要求制图将纸上绘制的草图移动到平面设计软件之前，要先了解目标期刊的投稿指南，看看该期刊对图文摘要的字体类型和大小、线宽、颜色、图片尺寸信息是否有要求。不同期刊对图文摘要的要求不一定完全相同，包括投稿文件的格式等，事先知晓以免因格式问题被返修。比如，期刊要求的图片是长方形还是方形？这可能会影响整个布局，因此在平面设计软件中需要先把画布大小设为期刊要求的尺寸之后，再动手绘制。六、借鉴优秀案例在构思过程中如感到无所适从，可以借鉴一些成功的案例，看得多了自然而然就会做了。虽然图文摘要是必须要原创且独一无二的，但还是要多阅读并借鉴一下别人论文中的示例，尤其是一些高影响力的期刊论文，以及目标投稿期刊。这有助于了解图文摘要应当如何对内容进行安排和取舍。除此之外，制作完成后给同行评价一下，记录他们从中获得和遗漏的信息与细节，以便做出相应调整。
不可以。在撰写论文的初期需要进行草图或简单的示意图绘制，使用铅笔作为临时工具是可以的。在正式撰写论文时，应当使用电子绘图工具和适当的绘图软件，而且现在大多数学术论文会要求使用电子格式提交。因此毕业论文图用铅笔画是不可以的。
只要是真实的，没造假，就行
编辑决定权非常大。我一篇NC，三个审稿人一个人说感兴趣，但需要大修，另外两个拒稿，给了一堆意见。编辑给了拒稿重投。我们实验室都是找北京译顶科技，你有这方面的需求的话可以去找一下看看ོ࿐
留学党看过来！5个亲测好用的写论文神器当然不能一味地用死劲逼自己，利用好各种论文帮助工具简直帮助太大了。我用了这几个论文工具，这里给宝子们分享一下我实际使用过的心得~
最后总结一下自己用过的体会，这些神器利用好真的可以提升写论文效率和质量，分数等级可以提升一到两级，但最主要的还是自己的写作能力和对写作主题理解分析的程度，找到参考文献的说服力，所以想要论文高分还是要好好学英语，提升写作和阅读理解力。
5.术语在线
术语在线由全国科学技术名词审定委员会主办，定位为术语知识服务平台。它可以进行术语检索，累计45万余条规范术语。覆盖基础科学、工程与技术科学、农业科学、医学、人文社会科学、军事科学等各个领域的100余个学科。
学术
CNKI学术搜索旨在为国内外学者提供一个跨语种、跨文献类型、权威的内容发现平台，包括各类学术文献，如期刊、学位论文、会议论文、报纸、专利、标准、图书等。
一般学术文献都可以在这里找到，比较蛋疼的就是很多下载需要收费，这个时候大家就应该发挥学校资源，一般在校内图书馆有文献资源去CNKI下载是免费的。
7.万方数据
它和CNKI类似，论文也比较全，弊端也是很多要收费，同理看看自己学校的图书馆资源有没有购买此数据库，可以免费下载。
以上就是环球青藤小编关于文献检索网站的相关分享，希望对各位小伙伴们有所帮助，想要了解更多毕业论文相关内容，请关注本平台，小编会做及时的整理并发布的，大家注意查看哦!
丁香客
丁香客是丁香园旗下的一款产品。丁香园是面向医生这个群体的网站，据说有270万医生会员（占中国医生数量一半以上），其中超过70%的会员拥有硕士或博士学位，是中国医学网站与论坛的老大。丁香客可以查看动态、发布观点、上传图片、浏览文章、发布信息，是为医生群体提供专业知识交流的社交工具，适合医生及在校医学生使用。
医维度
医维度3d人体解剖app这个软件是一个提供三维画面人体解刨模型的免费软件，这个软件主要是为医学生以及专业的医疗人士提供的帮助服务软件，通过医维度人体解剖app你可以清晰的看到各种人体解刨动画，灵活控制3D模型，可以360度任意角度旋转、放大缩小察看，随时显示、隐藏、透明处理人体结构的任意一部分。这一款APP可以将繁琐的解剖学内容立体呈现，细致而准确，被称作最好的解剖学APP，可谓是学习解剖的神兵利器。
用药助手
用药助手也是丁香园旗下一款面向医生群体的APP，它可以用来查询药品说明书、查看用药指南及进行常用医学计算。它对临床医生及在校大学生（尤其是药学专业大学生）十分大！
杏树林医学文献
医学文献APP是杏树林旗下的一款产品。杏树林医学文献是国内首个个性化的医学专业文献手机应用。它囊括全球影响力最高的50多本医学杂志，包括新英格兰医学杂志（NEJM）、美国医学会杂志（JAMA）、柳叶刀杂志（Lancet）、英国医学杂志（BMJ）和中华医学会各科杂志等，覆盖超过20个专科。它对医务工作者及在校医学生的学习和科研有着巨大的帮助！（阅读专业论文对医学英语的要求非常高，所以医学生们一定要好好学习专业英语）
医景Medscape
Medscape是美国医疗健康服务网站WebMD旗下医景网的一款APP。其内容包括新闻资讯、药物配伍禁忌、治疗指南、医学计算器、医学培训等方面。Medscape是互联网上最大的免费提供临床医学全文文献和继续医学教育资源(CME)的网点。
PubMed On Tap
数据库APP，PubMed提供生物医学方面的论文搜寻以及摘要，其数据库来源包括MEDLINE、OLDMEDLINE、Record in process、Record supplied by publisher，核心主题为医学，亦包括其他与医学相关的领域，例如护理学等。是进行生物医学研究的必备神器！
iRadiology
医学影像学APP，内容丰富，每张片子都有标注讲解，简单易懂（当然，你要能看懂这些专业的医学英语）。
除了医学app排行榜前十名，还有很多很多非常好的医学APP，例如医学时间、全科医生、PCI病例荟、骨科时间、AO surgery、plos reader等等，另外很多医学APP都是全英文的，因此一款电子词典APP也是必不可少的（当然最好能精通医学英语）！
普通的毕业流程图，用Microsoft Office Visio，我的毕业设计论文用的Microsoft Office Visio 2003，更多怎么画、论文插图教程直接在附件，因为图太多了、字数太多了，就不举例了。
写论文的软件ai有：搭画快写、触站、轻微课、触站AI、一看就绘、羊课网等。
1.搭画快写。
搭画快写可以一键生成论文、故事、小说、剧本、文章。 这个AI写作软件采用了极为先进的语音识别技术，直接将口述内容转换成文字，并且能够自动排版，省去人工排版的麻烦，而且它的文章质量还是很不错的。
2.触站。
触站是一个多功能平台，同时有AI绘画和AI写作两种功能。除了可以帮助用户完成文章作品外，还可以生成相关图片给文章添加更丰富的元素。相比于其他AI写作软件，触站的用户体验和实用性更具优势。
3.轻微课。
轻微课是一个结合了AI写作和AI绘画的学习平台。通过AI技术的支持可以提供更好的写作参考和快速批改，让学生们的学习效率更高。此外，通过画作学习，容易使用户更好地吸收知识，加快学习进度。
4.触站AI。
触站AI是一款新兴的写作平台，具有多种AI功能。该平台的AI写作功能可以帮助用户快速完成论文、文章等作品，而且还具有一些防抄袭的功能。虽然触站AI还在发展阶段，但今后应该有更好的表现。
5.一看就绘。
一看就绘是一款绘画类的AI应用，通过AI技术的支持可以将用户的简单图形转化成漂亮的图片，改善文章质量。该应用的设计简单易用，同时支持多种用户操作方式，极易上手。
6.羊课网。
羊课网是一款云端AI写作软件，通过多家知名出版机构的支持，为需要写作的用户提供更好的服务。该平台可以快速生成高质量的文章、论文、作文等，大大方便用户的写作过程，并且还可以帮助快速进行校对和修改。
建议搭配MATLAB、AI、Visio、Excel等画图辅助工具。
论文图表首先要规矩，符合期刊的投稿要求，然后在规矩的基础上实现图表的美观和专业。在当前贯彻科技论文规范化、标准化的同时,图表的设计也应规范化、标准化。所以，科学论文图表的制作原则主要是规矩、简单、美观和专业：
① 规范：图表要素的满足是做好图表的一个基础条件。规矩就是指论文图表符合投稿杂志的图表格式要求。文章投稿前都会有形式各异的介绍（具体可以参考投稿期刊的《作者投稿指南》或《Author Guidelines》）。绘图时满足投稿期刊的图表要求，这样会使读者至少能看懂图表，例如图表的单位、字体、坐标、图例、坐标轴标题等。
② 简洁：科学论文图表的关键在于清楚地表达自己的数据信息。 Robert A. Day 在《How to write and publish a scientific paper》书中指出，Combined or not, each graph should be as simple as possible。如果一张论文图表包含的数据信息太多，反而让读者难以理解自己所要表达的数据信息，所以，科学论文图表尽量简单和简洁，能清楚地表达数据信息。
③ 美观：图表审美的构造是做好图表的一个重要条件。审美是指论文图表要简单且具有美感，图表的配色、构图和比例等对于图表的审美尤为重要，但是对于理工科的学生来说，又是极为困难的，因为审美的能力不是那么容易培养的。
④ 专业：图表类型的选择是做好图表的关键条件。专业就是指图表要能全面地反应数据的相关信息。当你的审美达到了可以使图表美观的时候，要想让你的图表表达更加清晰和专业，这时图表类型的选择就尤为重要。
相比之下MATLAB画图就更加的清晰明了：
但是如果仅是画简单的柱状图，线形图等，建议可以直接用Excel或者Word也比较方便。word和Excel都属于office旗下的文本图标编辑软件，绘制图片很快捷，但是过于简单，复杂的图标是很难绘制清楚的。
因此，单纯的使用Word来画图有一些单调，可以配合MATLAB、AI、Visio、Excel等画图辅助。会更加合适，清晰明了。
以上内容参考：知乎-写论文用什么软件画图
word可以画，但是扩展性不好。推荐visio，微软的专业作图工具，使用类似Office套件
草图大师
我用过最好用的绘图软件就是origin。origin是originLab公司出品的较流行的专业函数绘图软件，是一款专业制图和数据分析软件，是公认的简单易学、操作灵活、功能强大的科学绘图与数据分析软件。它既可以满足一般用户的制图需要，也可以满足高级用户数据分析、函数拟合的需要。
origin界面简洁，语言还可以选择中文，操作非常简单。可以用一句话概括：想改哪里点哪里。下面是软件界面，把需要的数据导入，就可以选择绘图了。它还可以设置自定义模板，当你设置后某类绘图之后，点击保存为模板，下次就会直接按照保存模板的设置生成绘图了。
origin软件功能十分强大，是公认的“科研绘图神器”，绘图种类全面，这些绘图都是一键绘制。origin还有强大的分析拟合功能，可以完成几乎全部科研需要的分析拟合，包括神经网络等。origin软件还能加载一些插件，来进行一些复杂的绘图/分析。
origin绘制的图形有种特殊的科研味。origin虽然绘图基本都是一键生成，但想让绘图美观，需要认真设置。下面是我绘制的一些图形，以及文章链接： origin科研绘图：3D瀑布图
origin科研绘图：论文柱状图/条形图绘制
origin科研绘图：3D饼状图
origin科研绘图：环形图
origin科研绘图：双y轴图
origin科研绘图：百分比堆积柱状图
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（一）
origin科研绘图：散点矩阵图
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（四）---误差棒型
origin科研绘图：论文多因子柱状图绘制
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（三）---置信区间型
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（二）
origin科研绘图：绘制论文散点图
origin科研绘图：2D饼状图
更多内容，在主页哦，期待您的关注。
软件简介：
AutoCAD 2022是由美国著名公司Autodesk倾力研发推出的一款全球知名专业计算机辅助设计程序。可广泛适用于如机械设计、工业制图、工程制图、土木建筑、装饰装潢、服装加工等多个不同行业领域。同时软件界面直观明了，各项功能齐全易用，不仅内置了专业强大的MEP、MAP 3D、PLANT 3D等各种智能工具组合，还具备了二维草图、图形和注释，以及三维建模以及可视化等功能，从而让广大用户能够轻松进行二维绘图、详细绘制、设计文档和基本三维设计等操作，从概念设计到绘图和细部设计、全方位满足你的使用需求，帮助你一键创建和 探索 前所未有的创意效果。
安装步骤：
1.选择我们下载的安装包，右键解压。
2.解压后，右键以管理员的方式运行安装包。
3.点击确定，等待文件解压完成，自动跳出下一个安装界面。
4.安装准备中……
5.勾选【我同意……】点击下一步。
6.点击【…】选择软件安装位置（建议不要安装在C盘，可在D盘或其它磁盘下新建一个“CAD2022”文件夹）。
7.点击下一步。
8.点击安装。
9.软件安装中……
10.点击右上角X关闭此窗口。
11.打开解压后的安装包，进入【Crack】破解文件夹。
12.复制acad破解文件到软件安装目录（参考第6步安装路径）。
13.打开图示路径，在空白处右键粘贴。
14.点击替换目标中的文件。
15.双击打开桌面CAD2022软件
16.软件安装完成，运行界面如下。
SU
位图特效类的photoshop
矢量类的illustrator或者coreldraw，图上示意的图表，其实ppt就能画出来。
针对需求选择。
对于二维平面图，最好的软件是AutoCAD，这款绘图软件易懂易学，实用性强。特别针对机械设计、工程设计等。
对于三维图，我使用的是UG，这款软件对于产品造型、模具设计等非常实用。
你都使用过哪些绘图软件呢？欢迎留言交流。
arcgis
由于不清楚具体指那个行业的绘图工具推荐，这里暂时理解为绘画软件。
下面是个人比较中意的绘图软件，希望能够给你带来一些选择。
手机绘图软件：妙笔生花
电脑绘图软件：PS
iPad绘图软件：Procreate
无所谓好坏，自己用得习惯顺手的就是最好的，我位图用PS，矢量图用CDR，三维用C4D，三维建模习惯在CDR里先绘制轮廓，然后取轮廓线导入C4D中修改，这几年一直这样用，得心应手
solidworks，功能强大，易用性好
您好，sketchbook mobile和ArtStudio比较好一些。艺术工作室(ArtStudio) 软件介绍： ArtStudio 是一款专业的绘画绘图软件，软件采用了新的识别技术和功能，能够iPhone上更随心所欲的挥洒创作灵感。软件结合了线条平滑和识别技术，让软件对绘画的线条、压感和各种不同的绘画效果，都能够有更好的表现力，软件提供了非常丰富的功能和效果，25种不同的笔触效果、8种不同参数的高级画笔和实时预览、模拟笔尖压力、线条平滑抗锯齿、8种图层操作及效果选择、自定义色彩、模糊锐化等常用效果、可以从图片库内倒入图片以及保存，并且可以通过邮件将图片发送出去等等。软件评价：该软件很专业，很给力，功能很全面！对于初学者来说，还有绘画教程一步一步教你到会！功能既多又实用，提供30种笔刷、44种字型的文字工具、翻转工具、黑白/深褐色/锐利化/模糊多样滤镜、涂层工具、遮罩、亮度/对比/曝光/饱和度等调整等。请参考采纳，谢谢！
The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores questions of grace, legalism, sin and guilt.[edit] Plot summaryThe Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal supervision.[1]The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, sent her ahead to America while he settled some affairs in Europe. However, her husband never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.[1]The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[1]Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his identity to Dimmesdale.[1]Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth knows that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale, and she wishes to protect him. While walking through the forest, the sun will not shine on Hester, though Pearl can bask in it. They then wait for Dimmesdale, and he arrives. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[1]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married an European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and it was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.[edit] Major themesNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne[edit] SinSin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate – two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge – specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England.[2]As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs.” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[2] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[3]The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it – as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be – is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[4]Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart.[4]Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. [2] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.[edit] Past and presentThe clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood.” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[4]Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel.[4][edit] Public responseThe Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.[5] When he delivered the final pages to James Thomas Fields in February 1850, Hawthorne said that "some portions of the book are powerfully written" but doubted it would be popular.[6] In fact, the book was an instant best-seller[7] though, over fourteen years, it brought its author only $1,500.[5] Its initial publication brought wide protest from natives of Salem, who did not approve of how Hawthorne had depicted them in his introduction "The Custom-House". A 2,500-copy second edition of The Scarlet Letter included a preface by Hawthorne dated March 30, 1850, that he had decided to reprint his introduction "without the change of a word... The only remarkable features of the sketch are its frank and genuine good-humor... As to enmity, or ill-feeling of any kind, personal or political, he utterly disclaims such motives".[8]The book's immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[9]The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,[5] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is therefore apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them".[10] 20th century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.[11][edit] Allusions* Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1, The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island.[4]* Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.* Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.* John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.* Richard Dawkins' Out Campaign is represented with the Scarlet Letter A emblem.[edit] Film, TV and theatrical adaptationsMain article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter1995 film poster1995 film poster* 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne* 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson.* 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore* 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German* 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard* 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles.* 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.* 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter.* 1996: The Marilyn Manson promotional video for the song 'Man That You Fear' obliquely references the novel.* The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston.* 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray.* 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair.* 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.[edit] References to the novelLists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)[edit] Literature* The 1993 novel The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present-day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth-century India during the spread of the British East India Company.* Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character.* Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.* In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston.* Maryse Condé's novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, although set at the time of the Salem witch trials, also features the character Hester Prynne.* The title of Jhumpa Lahiri's 2008 novel Unaccustomed Earth comes from a passage from the introduction to The Scarlet Letter: "Human nature will not flourish, any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil. My children have had other birthplaces, and, so far as their fortunes may be within my control, shall strike their roots into unaccustomed earth."[edit] CultureRichard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. [12]Tennessee has drivers convicted of DUI wear vests advertising this fact while on roadside litter pick-up duty. This is a badge of shame similar to the original scarlet letter.
看个人喜好吧，不一定非要买，用电脑笔记本还是一样的。看哪个比较方便。由于自己喜欢在图书馆学习，正好笔记本也用了好多年，就换了个ipad。买之前问了一部分人，查了一部分资料。看了下性价比感觉还是不错的。反正主要就要用来看论文做笔记。都说买前生产力，买后爱奇艺。我感觉只要你有心去做一件事，所有的困难都会给你让路的。做什么都是一个道理。顺便给大家推荐几个看论文做笔记的不错的app:1.首推pdf+Xmind(是一款论文做笔记的神器，主要是下载论文格式是pdf还好说，如果是caj格式的话还需要在caj app里面转成pdf格式。然后用到分屏，可以一边做笔记，一边做思维导图，非常方便)。和notebility，这两款都是平常做笔记的好帮手，非常好上手。3.平时看论文累的话，就用ipad开启绘画模式放松一下，常用的就是procreate。做点小涂鸦，非常随意的去表达自己的思想，感觉长时间看论文带来的疲惫感觉一扫而空。言归正传，适合自己的才是最好的。希望大家能够找到适合自己的最好的学习方式，也提前预祝自己开题顺利。