procreate医学论文绘图

草图大师

我用过最好用的绘图软件就是origin。origin是originLab公司出品的较流行的专业函数绘图软件，是一款专业制图和数据分析软件，是公认的简单易学、操作灵活、功能强大的科学绘图与数据分析软件。它既可以满足一般用户的制图需要，也可以满足高级用户数据分析、函数拟合的需要。

origin界面简洁，语言还可以选择中文，操作非常简单。可以用一句话概括：想改哪里点哪里。下面是软件界面，把需要的数据导入，就可以选择绘图了。它还可以设置自定义模板，当你设置后某类绘图之后，点击保存为模板，下次就会直接按照保存模板的设置生成绘图了。

origin软件功能十分强大，是公认的“科研绘图神器”，绘图种类全面，这些绘图都是一键绘制。origin还有强大的分析拟合功能，可以完成几乎全部科研需要的分析拟合，包括神经网络等。origin软件还能加载一些插件，来进行一些复杂的绘图/分析。

origin绘制的图形有种特殊的科研味。origin虽然绘图基本都是一键生成，但想让绘图美观，需要认真设置。下面是我绘制的一些图形，以及文章链接： origin科研绘图：3D瀑布图

origin科研绘图：论文柱状图/条形图绘制

origin科研绘图：3D饼状图

origin科研绘图：环形图

origin科研绘图：双y轴图

origin科研绘图：百分比堆积柱状图

origin绘图：误差的基本表达（一）

origin科研绘图：散点矩阵图

origin绘图：误差的基本表达（四）---误差棒型

origin科研绘图：论文多因子柱状图绘制

origin绘图：误差的基本表达（三）---置信区间型

origin绘图：误差的基本表达（二）

origin科研绘图：绘制论文散点图

origin科研绘图：2D饼状图

更多内容，在主页哦，期待您的关注。

软件简介：

AutoCAD 2022是由美国著名公司Autodesk倾力研发推出的一款全球知名专业计算机辅助设计程序。可广泛适用于如机械设计、工业制图、工程制图、土木建筑、装饰装潢、服装加工等多个不同行业领域。同时软件界面直观明了，各项功能齐全易用，不仅内置了专业强大的MEP、MAP 3D、PLANT 3D等各种智能工具组合，还具备了二维草图、图形和注释，以及三维建模以及可视化等功能，从而让广大用户能够轻松进行二维绘图、详细绘制、设计文档和基本三维设计等操作，从概念设计到绘图和细部设计、全方位满足你的使用需求，帮助你一键创建和 探索 前所未有的创意效果。

安装步骤：

1.选择我们下载的安装包，右键解压。

2.解压后，右键以管理员的方式运行安装包。

3.点击确定，等待文件解压完成，自动跳出下一个安装界面。

4.安装准备中……

5.勾选【我同意……】点击下一步。

6.点击【…】选择软件安装位置（建议不要安装在C盘，可在D盘或其它磁盘下新建一个“CAD2022”文件夹）。

7.点击下一步。

8.点击安装。

9.软件安装中……

10.点击右上角X关闭此窗口。

11.打开解压后的安装包，进入【Crack】破解文件夹。

12.复制acad破解文件到软件安装目录（参考第6步安装路径）。

13.打开图示路径，在空白处右键粘贴。

14.点击替换目标中的文件。

15.双击打开桌面CAD2022软件

16.软件安装完成，运行界面如下。

SU

位图特效类的photoshop

矢量类的illustrator或者coreldraw，图上示意的图表，其实ppt就能画出来。

针对需求选择。

对于二维平面图，最好的软件是AutoCAD，这款绘图软件易懂易学，实用性强。特别针对机械设计、工程设计等。

对于三维图，我使用的是UG，这款软件对于产品造型、模具设计等非常实用。

你都使用过哪些绘图软件呢？欢迎留言交流。

arcgis

由于不清楚具体指那个行业的绘图工具推荐，这里暂时理解为绘画软件。

下面是个人比较中意的绘图软件，希望能够给你带来一些选择。

手机绘图软件：妙笔生花

电脑绘图软件：PS

iPad绘图软件：Procreate

无所谓好坏，自己用得习惯顺手的就是最好的，我位图用PS，矢量图用CDR，三维用C4D，三维建模习惯在CDR里先绘制轮廓，然后取轮廓线导入C4D中修改，这几年一直这样用，得心应手

solidworks，功能强大，易用性好

您好，sketchbook mobile和ArtStudio比较好一些。艺术工作室(ArtStudio) 软件介绍： ArtStudio 是一款专业的绘画绘图软件，软件采用了新的识别技术和功能，能够iPhone上更随心所欲的挥洒创作灵感。软件结合了线条平滑和识别技术，让软件对绘画的线条、压感和各种不同的绘画效果，都能够有更好的表现力，软件提供了非常丰富的功能和效果，25种不同的笔触效果、8种不同参数的高级画笔和实时预览、模拟笔尖压力、线条平滑抗锯齿、8种图层操作及效果选择、自定义色彩、模糊锐化等常用效果、可以从图片库内倒入图片以及保存，并且可以通过邮件将图片发送出去等等。软件评价：该软件很专业，很给力，功能很全面！对于初学者来说，还有绘画教程一步一步教你到会！功能既多又实用，提供30种笔刷、44种字型的文字工具、翻转工具、黑白/深褐色/锐利化/模糊多样滤镜、涂层工具、遮罩、亮度/对比/曝光/饱和度等调整等。请参考采纳，谢谢！

The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores questions of grace, legalism, sin and guilt.[edit] Plot summaryThe Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal supervision.[1]The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, sent her ahead to America while he settled some affairs in Europe. However, her husband never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.[1]The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[1]Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his identity to Dimmesdale.[1]Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth knows that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale, and she wishes to protect him. While walking through the forest, the sun will not shine on Hester, though Pearl can bask in it. They then wait for Dimmesdale, and he arrives. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[1]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married an European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and it was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.[edit] Major themesNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne[edit] SinSin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate – two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge – specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England.[2]As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs.” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[2] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[3]The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it – as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be – is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[4]Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart.[4]Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. [2] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.[edit] Past and presentThe clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood.” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[4]Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel.[4][edit] Public responseThe Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.[5] When he delivered the final pages to James Thomas Fields in February 1850, Hawthorne said that "some portions of the book are powerfully written" but doubted it would be popular.[6] In fact, the book was an instant best-seller[7] though, over fourteen years, it brought its author only $1,500.[5] Its initial publication brought wide protest from natives of Salem, who did not approve of how Hawthorne had depicted them in his introduction "The Custom-House". A 2,500-copy second edition of The Scarlet Letter included a preface by Hawthorne dated March 30, 1850, that he had decided to reprint his introduction "without the change of a word... The only remarkable features of the sketch are its frank and genuine good-humor... As to enmity, or ill-feeling of any kind, personal or political, he utterly disclaims such motives".[8]The book's immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[9]The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,[5] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is therefore apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them".[10] 20th century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.[11][edit] Allusions* Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1, The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island.[4]* Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.* Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.* John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.* Richard Dawkins' Out Campaign is represented with the Scarlet Letter A emblem.[edit] Film, TV and theatrical adaptationsMain article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter1995 film poster1995 film poster* 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne* 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson.* 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore* 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German* 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard* 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles.* 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.* 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter.* 1996: The Marilyn Manson promotional video for the song 'Man That You Fear' obliquely references the novel.* The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston.* 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray.* 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair.* 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.[edit] References to the novelLists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)[edit] Literature* The 1993 novel The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present-day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth-century India during the spread of the British East India Company.* Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character.* Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.* In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston.* Maryse Condé's novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, although set at the time of the Salem witch trials, also features the character Hester Prynne.* The title of Jhumpa Lahiri's 2008 novel Unaccustomed Earth comes from a passage from the introduction to The Scarlet Letter: "Human nature will not flourish, any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil. My children have had other birthplaces, and, so far as their fortunes may be within my control, shall strike their roots into unaccustomed earth."[edit] CultureRichard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. [12]Tennessee has drivers convicted of DUI wear vests advertising this fact while on roadside litter pick-up duty. This is a badge of shame similar to the original scarlet letter.

看个人喜好吧，不一定非要买，用电脑笔记本还是一样的。看哪个比较方便。由于自己喜欢在图书馆学习，正好笔记本也用了好多年，就换了个ipad。买之前问了一部分人，查了一部分资料。看了下性价比感觉还是不错的。反正主要就要用来看论文做笔记。都说买前生产力，买后爱奇艺。我感觉只要你有心去做一件事，所有的困难都会给你让路的。做什么都是一个道理。顺便给大家推荐几个看论文做笔记的不错的app:1.首推pdf+Xmind(是一款论文做笔记的神器，主要是下载论文格式是pdf还好说，如果是caj格式的话还需要在caj app里面转成pdf格式。然后用到分屏，可以一边做笔记，一边做思维导图，非常方便)。和notebility，这两款都是平常做笔记的好帮手，非常好上手。3.平时看论文累的话，就用ipad开启绘画模式放松一下，常用的就是procreate。做点小涂鸦，非常随意的去表达自己的思想，感觉长时间看论文带来的疲惫感觉一扫而空。言归正传，适合自己的才是最好的。希望大家能够找到适合自己的最好的学习方式，也提前预祝自己开题顺利。

1:SKETCHBOOKSketchbook iOS版能够在简单易用的界面中提供流畅的铅笔和精致的画笔。通过 SketchBook，您能够随时随地捕获某个位置的所有事物，从最小的信笔涂鸦到最大的构想。2:ibispaintibisPaint 是一款绘画应用程序,但不仅仅只用于绘画!您可以制作一段影片展示您如何作画,并与其他人分享。分享影片,分享绘画的快乐。3:photoshop touchPS Touch 已经能支持图层了、它提供了智能的“涂鸦式”选择工具，支持相机填充、可以对文字进行各种美化操作，支持特效滤镜如阴影、虚化，你可以调整图片的色调颜色曲线等等，而且它还支持云同步。4:PAPER它的五个原始工具草图，写，画，轮廓，色彩，论文还包括思考工具，允许您创建图表，图表，和思维的速度线框图。论文的工具，随着无限的，安全的，云备份都免费提供。

首先，我非常不赞成买ipad看论文。诚然，ipad确实能给我们带来工作、娱乐上的便利，但高校里面大多数同学还是以娱乐为主，看电影、刷美剧、玩游戏等是其主要作用。ipad毕竟偏娱乐，你若真想好好学习，可以入手一台好的超薄笔记本，轻量便携，于学习有更大的作用。看论文，你得先问自己，你喜欢看论文吗？有些同学喜欢通过阅读大量文献来找想法、思路，徜徉在论文的海洋里，也很享受，这种类型的同学比较善于写；而有些同学不喜欢看论文，一看论文就头疼，而这种类型的同学比较善于动手实施。同时，我相信大学里有很多同学都有这样类似的想法，比如我要好好练字，想入手一支很好的钢笔；我要学编程，打算买一台苹果笔记本等等。这种想法和出发点是好的，但真正想做一件事，不在于外在的工具，而在于你对知识的渴望和自我的严格要求。

没学过画画？试试这3款iPad绘图工具，让你也能轻松搞创作每一次看 B 站的绘画教学视频总能看到这样的弹幕：「别看了，要手的」、「加亿点细节！」、「手残党飘过」…… 似乎在不少人的认知中，画画，特别是画好看的画是一件比较考验技巧和天赋的事情，然而画好看的画真的那么困难吗？我们知道，「现代技术」是可以让很多事情变得简单的。本雅明在《机械复制时代的艺术作品》中指出，技术的发展改变了艺术品生产和欣赏的模式。尽管他说像摄影、电影等可以批量复制的艺术品已经丧失了原来附着在传统艺术品上「灵韵」，但是我们必须承认：正是一些技术手段的普及，让创作和欣赏的门槛下移，从而让更多的普通人可以参与到艺术创作中去。本文接下来要安利的三款绘画相关软件便是技术让绘画变得简单的例证，这三款 app 分别是：《光学绘画》《Pofi 无限人偶》和《Procreate》。为了让文章紧密围绕「速成」这个主题，本文不会详细去介绍每款软件都有些什么功能，而会把讲述的重点放在如何妙用它们来为画画服务这点上。1. 模仿的艺术 ——《光学绘画》所有的创作都是从对现实的模仿开始的，但是有些人模仿起来就像一台相机。几年前一部叫做《蒂姆的维米尔》的纪录片刷新了很多人的三观：原来画出《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的维米尔本身并不是画画的天才，而是一个真正的技术宅。他采用暗箱、反射等技巧把要画的东西投射到画板上，然后再用笔对照着描画，从而让成品有了不管是形态还是色彩都神还原现实的效果。▲《蒂姆的维米尔》电影海报那么我们在现实中，有没有办法轻松地实现这种投影描画效果呢？有的。只要把下载了《光学绘画》这款的 iPad 和一块折射玻璃搭配，我们便有了维米尔的装备的现代精简版。通过把平板或者手机作为光源，画面经过玻璃的折射，被完好地投影到画布上，此时你需要做的真的只是对着描而已。▲《光学绘画》宣传图▲ 《光学绘画》提供的使用提示对于家里没有合适的玻璃板而又不想购置一块的用户，以下的「低配」方案也许可以帮到你：首先，打开一张你想模仿的照片：利用 app 不错的轮廓捕捉能力进行自动勾线，再点击下图红圈圈住的图标进行画面锁定：跳到 iPad 的设置界面，把机器的屏幕亮度调到最高，接着返回软件，把图片的光亮度也调到最高。此时你发现一个现成的拷贝台诞生了，铺一张白纸在上面就可以印着画了。▲ 小学生的美术作业两分钟就被搞定了2. 快速搞定人体动作 ——《Pofi 无限人偶》然而如果真想画画，只会对着现成的东西模仿肯定是不行的，能创作自己的作品非常关键。而说到创作，人体和动作就很重要了。在有模特的情况下，画对人物的比例，让人体的各个部位协调摆放对初学者来说已是难事，在没有模特的情况，凭空想象动作更是难上加难。怎么办呢？画工不行，技术补救。《Pofi 无限人偶》这款 app 拥有非常庞大的模型库，人物模型、花草树木、各种场景、动物、武器都有应有尽有。▲《Pofi 无限人偶》的素材库非常丰富打开一个模型后，我们不仅可以通过调节模型的关节改变模特动作，还可以转变观察视角、调节灯光、改变背景颜色、设置人物肤色。▲ 新出的胖阿姨模型非常可爱调整好动作后，点击上方的照相机图标导出图片，就可以得到一张无背景的 png 图，将它其导入下面要介绍的 app，就可以开始你的创作了。3. 开始创作 ——《Procreate》有了动作模型以后，我们就要对模型进行下一步的加工了。你需要知道的是《Pofi 无限人偶》只是用来帮你解决不会画人体和动作的问题，但如果你想要给角色画上你想要的衣服、发型，配上背景什么的，还是需要自己动手。所谓画画本身就是要体现个人风格的，就算是画渣，也有画渣的风格。我们必须清楚知道，Pofi 只是一个给你提供模特的 app ，虽然很便于画画的时候偷懒，但归根结底它的模特只是给我们参考用的。《Procreate》是一个我常用的绘画软件，功能丰富，界面人性化，搭配 Apple Pencil 使用，甚至可以让 iPad 成为不错的生产工具。▲《Procreate》的画板界面上图画板中的两个已经描边的小人都来自《Pofi 无限人偶》的模型库。因为 Pofi 生成的图是没有描边效果的，所以如果你要画成色块漫画的风格需要自己在《Procreate》中勾线。新建一个图层，把原来模型的图层透明度调成 70 % 左右，在新图层上对着模特仔细描边就能得到该模型的线稿了（例如上图中带翅膀的小人就是线稿）。这里还要特别提到《Procreate》的变形工具，它搭配高级网格功能后非常好用：▲ 上图是我画的《工作细胞》里的血小板由于初学者水平有限，刚开始学画画的人时常会在把图画好后，才发现越看越不对劲。例如我就经常是画好后才发现自己画的人物的五官有点不协调。此时我们便可以利用高级网格工具来对人物的五官进行调整。这个工具不仅可以把不协调的地方改协调，还可以简单调节人物的表情：