发布时间：
到web of science 检索，中文论文就是用英文名字检索。
SCI医学论文图文摘要的制作，医荟园一般建议：不言自明、内容精简、确定视觉元素内容和展示方式、展示关键性的文字、根据期刊要求制图、借鉴优秀案例。一、不言自明通常情况下，医学科研工作都是比较复杂的，如果作者把图文摘要绘制得十分繁琐，那么必定会流失一部分读者的阅读兴趣。因此建议图文摘要制作要清晰，直接展示，尽力做到一目了然。如果让读者不需要反复思考太多就能理解呈现的是什么，从而进一步阅读论文，那么该图文摘要的制作就是成功的。二、内容精简一般情况下，图文摘要是对研究论文提炼出的最重要、最精华的部分。图文摘要和文本摘要之间的区别是，图文摘要应该只着重强调论文的某一个方面，而不是对整体研究的概括总结。比如写作的医学论文，可能有一个独特的创新点和主题，或者包含一些有价值的研究结果（数据）和实验方法等，这时只需关注其中一个着重点来构思图文摘要，忽略其它次要的内容。因此在开始制作图片之前，要重新审视论文内容，确定什么是最值得展示给读者的信息。三、确定视觉元素内容和展示方式图文摘要制作，首先确定展示的视觉元素（例如细胞，蛋白质，化学结构式，动物，仪器耗材，实验结果图等）以及用来描述它们的文本元素。如果一个概念可以在视觉上呈现，那么显然比用文字描述效果更好。当绘制草图时，要考虑清楚需要用到的元素，由于图文摘要的空间有限，要用尽可能少的元素信息来表达清楚意图，然后再进一步压缩、简化一下已有的要点内容，直到无法删减为止。同时确定一下顺序排列（从左到右或从上到下组织）。此外，避免有太多的视觉元素分散排列，可以为一些图片或文本添加边框，并且相互之间保持合适的距离。不过，尽量不要用太多不同的颜色，也不要使用过于鲜艳的颜色。四、展示关键性的文字众所周知，图文摘要中不适宜添加较多的文字，读者一般会通过一些特定的关键词和数据对论文的内容和结论做出预先判断。因此建议可以策略性地将这些可能的关键词插入在图片中，引起读者的兴趣。而且图中的所有文字应该是同一种字体，并且使用常见的字体。五、根据期刊要求制图将纸上绘制的草图移动到平面设计软件之前，要先了解目标期刊的投稿指南，看看该期刊对图文摘要的字体类型和大小、线宽、颜色、图片尺寸信息是否有要求。不同期刊对图文摘要的要求不一定完全相同，包括投稿文件的格式等，事先知晓以免因格式问题被返修。比如，期刊要求的图片是长方形还是方形？这可能会影响整个布局，因此在平面设计软件中需要先把画布大小设为期刊要求的尺寸之后，再动手绘制。六、借鉴优秀案例在构思过程中如感到无所适从，可以借鉴一些成功的案例，看得多了自然而然就会做了。虽然图文摘要是必须要原创且独一无二的，但还是要多阅读并借鉴一下别人论文中的示例，尤其是一些高影响力的期刊论文，以及目标投稿期刊。这有助于了解图文摘要应当如何对内容进行安排和取舍。除此之外，制作完成后给同行评价一下，记录他们从中获得和遗漏的信息与细节，以便做出相应调整。
不可以。在撰写论文的初期需要进行草图或简单的示意图绘制，使用铅笔作为临时工具是可以的。在正式撰写论文时，应当使用电子绘图工具和适当的绘图软件，而且现在大多数学术论文会要求使用电子格式提交。因此毕业论文图用铅笔画是不可以的。
只要是真实的，没造假，就行
普通的毕业流程图，用Microsoft Office Visio，我的毕业设计论文用的Microsoft Office Visio 2003，更多怎么画、论文插图教程直接在附件，因为图太多了、字数太多了，就不举例了。
写论文的软件ai有：搭画快写、触站、轻微课、触站AI、一看就绘、羊课网等。
1.搭画快写。
搭画快写可以一键生成论文、故事、小说、剧本、文章。 这个AI写作软件采用了极为先进的语音识别技术，直接将口述内容转换成文字，并且能够自动排版，省去人工排版的麻烦，而且它的文章质量还是很不错的。
2.触站。
触站是一个多功能平台，同时有AI绘画和AI写作两种功能。除了可以帮助用户完成文章作品外，还可以生成相关图片给文章添加更丰富的元素。相比于其他AI写作软件，触站的用户体验和实用性更具优势。
3.轻微课。
轻微课是一个结合了AI写作和AI绘画的学习平台。通过AI技术的支持可以提供更好的写作参考和快速批改，让学生们的学习效率更高。此外，通过画作学习，容易使用户更好地吸收知识，加快学习进度。
4.触站AI。
触站AI是一款新兴的写作平台，具有多种AI功能。该平台的AI写作功能可以帮助用户快速完成论文、文章等作品，而且还具有一些防抄袭的功能。虽然触站AI还在发展阶段，但今后应该有更好的表现。
5.一看就绘。
一看就绘是一款绘画类的AI应用，通过AI技术的支持可以将用户的简单图形转化成漂亮的图片，改善文章质量。该应用的设计简单易用，同时支持多种用户操作方式，极易上手。
6.羊课网。
羊课网是一款云端AI写作软件，通过多家知名出版机构的支持，为需要写作的用户提供更好的服务。该平台可以快速生成高质量的文章、论文、作文等，大大方便用户的写作过程，并且还可以帮助快速进行校对和修改。
建议搭配MATLAB、AI、Visio、Excel等画图辅助工具。
论文图表首先要规矩，符合期刊的投稿要求，然后在规矩的基础上实现图表的美观和专业。在当前贯彻科技论文规范化、标准化的同时,图表的设计也应规范化、标准化。所以，科学论文图表的制作原则主要是规矩、简单、美观和专业：
① 规范：图表要素的满足是做好图表的一个基础条件。规矩就是指论文图表符合投稿杂志的图表格式要求。文章投稿前都会有形式各异的介绍（具体可以参考投稿期刊的《作者投稿指南》或《Author Guidelines》）。绘图时满足投稿期刊的图表要求，这样会使读者至少能看懂图表，例如图表的单位、字体、坐标、图例、坐标轴标题等。
② 简洁：科学论文图表的关键在于清楚地表达自己的数据信息。 Robert A. Day 在《How to write and publish a scientific paper》书中指出，Combined or not, each graph should be as simple as possible。如果一张论文图表包含的数据信息太多，反而让读者难以理解自己所要表达的数据信息，所以，科学论文图表尽量简单和简洁，能清楚地表达数据信息。
③ 美观：图表审美的构造是做好图表的一个重要条件。审美是指论文图表要简单且具有美感，图表的配色、构图和比例等对于图表的审美尤为重要，但是对于理工科的学生来说，又是极为困难的，因为审美的能力不是那么容易培养的。
④ 专业：图表类型的选择是做好图表的关键条件。专业就是指图表要能全面地反应数据的相关信息。当你的审美达到了可以使图表美观的时候，要想让你的图表表达更加清晰和专业，这时图表类型的选择就尤为重要。
相比之下MATLAB画图就更加的清晰明了：
但是如果仅是画简单的柱状图，线形图等，建议可以直接用Excel或者Word也比较方便。word和Excel都属于office旗下的文本图标编辑软件，绘制图片很快捷，但是过于简单，复杂的图标是很难绘制清楚的。
因此，单纯的使用Word来画图有一些单调，可以配合MATLAB、AI、Visio、Excel等画图辅助。会更加合适，清晰明了。
以上内容参考：知乎-写论文用什么软件画图
word可以画，但是扩展性不好。推荐visio，微软的专业作图工具，使用类似Office套件
草图大师
我用过最好用的绘图软件就是origin。origin是originLab公司出品的较流行的专业函数绘图软件，是一款专业制图和数据分析软件，是公认的简单易学、操作灵活、功能强大的科学绘图与数据分析软件。它既可以满足一般用户的制图需要，也可以满足高级用户数据分析、函数拟合的需要。
origin界面简洁，语言还可以选择中文，操作非常简单。可以用一句话概括：想改哪里点哪里。下面是软件界面，把需要的数据导入，就可以选择绘图了。它还可以设置自定义模板，当你设置后某类绘图之后，点击保存为模板，下次就会直接按照保存模板的设置生成绘图了。
origin软件功能十分强大，是公认的“科研绘图神器”，绘图种类全面，这些绘图都是一键绘制。origin还有强大的分析拟合功能，可以完成几乎全部科研需要的分析拟合，包括神经网络等。origin软件还能加载一些插件，来进行一些复杂的绘图/分析。
origin绘制的图形有种特殊的科研味。origin虽然绘图基本都是一键生成，但想让绘图美观，需要认真设置。下面是我绘制的一些图形，以及文章链接： origin科研绘图：3D瀑布图
origin科研绘图：论文柱状图/条形图绘制
origin科研绘图：3D饼状图
origin科研绘图：环形图
origin科研绘图：双y轴图
origin科研绘图：百分比堆积柱状图
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（一）
origin科研绘图：散点矩阵图
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（四）---误差棒型
origin科研绘图：论文多因子柱状图绘制
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（三）---置信区间型
origin绘图：误差的基本表达（二）
origin科研绘图：绘制论文散点图
origin科研绘图：2D饼状图
更多内容，在主页哦，期待您的关注。
软件简介：
AutoCAD 2022是由美国著名公司Autodesk倾力研发推出的一款全球知名专业计算机辅助设计程序。可广泛适用于如机械设计、工业制图、工程制图、土木建筑、装饰装潢、服装加工等多个不同行业领域。同时软件界面直观明了，各项功能齐全易用，不仅内置了专业强大的MEP、MAP 3D、PLANT 3D等各种智能工具组合，还具备了二维草图、图形和注释，以及三维建模以及可视化等功能，从而让广大用户能够轻松进行二维绘图、详细绘制、设计文档和基本三维设计等操作，从概念设计到绘图和细部设计、全方位满足你的使用需求，帮助你一键创建和 探索 前所未有的创意效果。
安装步骤：
1.选择我们下载的安装包，右键解压。
2.解压后，右键以管理员的方式运行安装包。
3.点击确定，等待文件解压完成，自动跳出下一个安装界面。
4.安装准备中……
5.勾选【我同意……】点击下一步。
6.点击【…】选择软件安装位置（建议不要安装在C盘，可在D盘或其它磁盘下新建一个“CAD2022”文件夹）。
7.点击下一步。
8.点击安装。
9.软件安装中……
10.点击右上角X关闭此窗口。
11.打开解压后的安装包，进入【Crack】破解文件夹。
12.复制acad破解文件到软件安装目录（参考第6步安装路径）。
13.打开图示路径，在空白处右键粘贴。
14.点击替换目标中的文件。
15.双击打开桌面CAD2022软件
16.软件安装完成，运行界面如下。
SU
位图特效类的photoshop
矢量类的illustrator或者coreldraw，图上示意的图表，其实ppt就能画出来。
针对需求选择。
对于二维平面图，最好的软件是AutoCAD，这款绘图软件易懂易学，实用性强。特别针对机械设计、工程设计等。
对于三维图，我使用的是UG，这款软件对于产品造型、模具设计等非常实用。
你都使用过哪些绘图软件呢？欢迎留言交流。
arcgis
由于不清楚具体指那个行业的绘图工具推荐，这里暂时理解为绘画软件。
下面是个人比较中意的绘图软件，希望能够给你带来一些选择。
手机绘图软件：妙笔生花
电脑绘图软件：PS
iPad绘图软件：Procreate
无所谓好坏，自己用得习惯顺手的就是最好的，我位图用PS，矢量图用CDR，三维用C4D，三维建模习惯在CDR里先绘制轮廓，然后取轮廓线导入C4D中修改，这几年一直这样用，得心应手
solidworks，功能强大，易用性好
您好，sketchbook mobile和ArtStudio比较好一些。艺术工作室(ArtStudio) 软件介绍： ArtStudio 是一款专业的绘画绘图软件，软件采用了新的识别技术和功能，能够iPhone上更随心所欲的挥洒创作灵感。软件结合了线条平滑和识别技术，让软件对绘画的线条、压感和各种不同的绘画效果，都能够有更好的表现力，软件提供了非常丰富的功能和效果，25种不同的笔触效果、8种不同参数的高级画笔和实时预览、模拟笔尖压力、线条平滑抗锯齿、8种图层操作及效果选择、自定义色彩、模糊锐化等常用效果、可以从图片库内倒入图片以及保存，并且可以通过邮件将图片发送出去等等。软件评价：该软件很专业，很给力，功能很全面！对于初学者来说，还有绘画教程一步一步教你到会！功能既多又实用，提供30种笔刷、44种字型的文字工具、翻转工具、黑白/深褐色/锐利化/模糊多样滤镜、涂层工具、遮罩、亮度/对比/曝光/饱和度等调整等。请参考采纳，谢谢！
The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores questions of grace, legalism, sin and guilt.[edit] Plot summaryThe Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal supervision.[1]The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, sent her ahead to America while he settled some affairs in Europe. However, her husband never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.[1]The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[1]Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his identity to Dimmesdale.[1]Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth knows that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale, and she wishes to protect him. While walking through the forest, the sun will not shine on Hester, though Pearl can bask in it. They then wait for Dimmesdale, and he arrives. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[1]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married an European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and it was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.[edit] Major themesNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne[edit] SinSin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate – two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge – specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England.[2]As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs.” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[2] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[3]The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it – as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be – is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[4]Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart.[4]Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. [2] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.[edit] Past and presentThe clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood.” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[4]Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel.[4][edit] Public responseThe Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.[5] When he delivered the final pages to James Thomas Fields in February 1850, Hawthorne said that "some portions of the book are powerfully written" but doubted it would be popular.[6] In fact, the book was an instant best-seller[7] though, over fourteen years, it brought its author only $1,500.[5] Its initial publication brought wide protest from natives of Salem, who did not approve of how Hawthorne had depicted them in his introduction "The Custom-House". A 2,500-copy second edition of The Scarlet Letter included a preface by Hawthorne dated March 30, 1850, that he had decided to reprint his introduction "without the change of a word... The only remarkable features of the sketch are its frank and genuine good-humor... As to enmity, or ill-feeling of any kind, personal or political, he utterly disclaims such motives".[8]The book's immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[9]The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,[5] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is therefore apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them".[10] 20th century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.[11][edit] Allusions* Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1, The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island.[4]* Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.* Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.* John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.* Richard Dawkins' Out Campaign is represented with the Scarlet Letter A emblem.[edit] Film, TV and theatrical adaptationsMain article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter1995 film poster1995 film poster* 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne* 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson.* 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore* 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German* 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard* 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles.* 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.* 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter.* 1996: The Marilyn Manson promotional video for the song 'Man That You Fear' obliquely references the novel.* The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston.* 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray.* 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair.* 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.[edit] References to the novelLists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)[edit] Literature* The 1993 novel The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present-day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth-century India during the spread of the British East India Company.* Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character.* Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.* In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston.* Maryse Condé's novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, although set at the time of the Salem witch trials, also features the character Hester Prynne.* The title of Jhumpa Lahiri's 2008 novel Unaccustomed Earth comes from a passage from the introduction to The Scarlet Letter: "Human nature will not flourish, any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil. My children have had other birthplaces, and, so far as their fortunes may be within my control, shall strike their roots into unaccustomed earth."[edit] CultureRichard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. [12]Tennessee has drivers convicted of DUI wear vests advertising this fact while on roadside litter pick-up duty. This is a badge of shame similar to the original scarlet letter.
看个人喜好吧，不一定非要买，用电脑笔记本还是一样的。看哪个比较方便。由于自己喜欢在图书馆学习，正好笔记本也用了好多年，就换了个ipad。买之前问了一部分人，查了一部分资料。看了下性价比感觉还是不错的。反正主要就要用来看论文做笔记。都说买前生产力，买后爱奇艺。我感觉只要你有心去做一件事，所有的困难都会给你让路的。做什么都是一个道理。顺便给大家推荐几个看论文做笔记的不错的app:1.首推pdf+Xmind(是一款论文做笔记的神器，主要是下载论文格式是pdf还好说，如果是caj格式的话还需要在caj app里面转成pdf格式。然后用到分屏，可以一边做笔记，一边做思维导图，非常方便)。和notebility，这两款都是平常做笔记的好帮手，非常好上手。3.平时看论文累的话，就用ipad开启绘画模式放松一下，常用的就是procreate。做点小涂鸦，非常随意的去表达自己的思想，感觉长时间看论文带来的疲惫感觉一扫而空。言归正传，适合自己的才是最好的。希望大家能够找到适合自己的最好的学习方式，也提前预祝自己开题顺利。
普通的毕业流程图，用Microsoft Office Visio，我的毕业设计论文用的Microsoft Office Visio 2003，更多怎么画、论文插图教程直接在附件，因为图太多了、字数太多了，就不举例了。
易智编译给大家推荐四款生物医学作图工具，有了这些工具后，像信号通路图、各种模型图、流程图等就可以快速搞定。 一、Scienceslide 首先第一个就是Scienceslide，这是一款专门做医学图片的ppt插件。安装后，会在PPT界面出现一个工作条，包括了常用元件、信号通路、方法学、生物化学、分子生物学等几千种素材。 想要什么图，只需要选择相应的模板，就可以在此基础上进行文字及分子形状的修改，而后可以做成精致无比、赏心悦目的示意图。有了这个PPT插件，足以满足你任何信号通路图的要求。 二、pathwaytool 另一个软件pathwaytool，也是一款作图神器哦。它几乎自带了分子生物学会用到的所有元素，如不同的细胞、细胞器、分子、老鼠模型、器官模型以及经典的信号通路图。 在选择一个理想的模型后，可直接进行修饰和改动，非常的简单方便，3分钟内既能上手！ 三、GraphPad Prism graphpad prism是一款非常棒的医学绘图软件，它基于生物统计，曲线拟合和科学绘图于一体，可以制作出非常专业的医学表，如果你是医学相关专业的人士，一定不要错过！ 四、SmartDraw 2013 SmartDraw 2013是一款非常专业的绘图软件，可以用来快速建立流程图、组织图、柱形统计图和馅饼图、表格和其他更多图表。在绘图、图表制作领域，SmartDraw绝对是行业的佼佼者，它的出现让图表制作变得如此简单。 SmartDraw 2013最大的特点就是支持多种图形，采用模板的方式在线扩充，它可以预测你的需求，从而给你预先制定的模板，自动设计，并且可以很容易的快速把你的信息变成鲜明的插图。 易智编译是一家专门为非英语国家科研工作者提供最优质SCI论文服务的专业公司，致力于为广大科研工作者解决SCI论文写作晦涩难懂、基金标书难中、文书编辑艰难耗时等各类问题，提供SCI论文润色、论文翻译、同行评估、评审及期刊推荐，基金标书撰写、评估及审核，文件编辑等优质服务。
建议搭配MATLAB、AI、Visio、Excel等画图辅助工具。
论文图表首先要规矩，符合期刊的投稿要求，然后在规矩的基础上实现图表的美观和专业。在当前贯彻科技论文规范化、标准化的同时,图表的设计也应规范化、标准化。所以，科学论文图表的制作原则主要是规矩、简单、美观和专业：
① 规范：图表要素的满足是做好图表的一个基础条件。规矩就是指论文图表符合投稿杂志的图表格式要求。文章投稿前都会有形式各异的介绍（具体可以参考投稿期刊的《作者投稿指南》或《Author Guidelines》）。绘图时满足投稿期刊的图表要求，这样会使读者至少能看懂图表，例如图表的单位、字体、坐标、图例、坐标轴标题等。
② 简洁：科学论文图表的关键在于清楚地表达自己的数据信息。 Robert A. Day 在《How to write and publish a scientific paper》书中指出，Combined or not, each graph should be as simple as possible。如果一张论文图表包含的数据信息太多，反而让读者难以理解自己所要表达的数据信息，所以，科学论文图表尽量简单和简洁，能清楚地表达数据信息。
③ 美观：图表审美的构造是做好图表的一个重要条件。审美是指论文图表要简单且具有美感，图表的配色、构图和比例等对于图表的审美尤为重要，但是对于理工科的学生来说，又是极为困难的，因为审美的能力不是那么容易培养的。
④ 专业：图表类型的选择是做好图表的关键条件。专业就是指图表要能全面地反应数据的相关信息。当你的审美达到了可以使图表美观的时候，要想让你的图表表达更加清晰和专业，这时图表类型的选择就尤为重要。
相比之下MATLAB画图就更加的清晰明了：
但是如果仅是画简单的柱状图，线形图等，建议可以直接用Excel或者Word也比较方便。word和Excel都属于office旗下的文本图标编辑软件，绘制图片很快捷，但是过于简单，复杂的图标是很难绘制清楚的。
因此，单纯的使用Word来画图有一些单调，可以配合MATLAB、AI、Visio、Excel等画图辅助。会更加合适，清晰明了。
以上内容参考：知乎-写论文用什么软件画图
只要是真实的，没造假，就行
很多毕业狗在弄论文，身心疲惫，下面我来说说写论文的心得。 毕业论文的格式，一般分四个部分，
1引言、2方法、3结果与讨论、4结论与展望
写学术论文的时候一般建议大家从第二部分方法开始写。因为这部分写起来比较简单。 其实就是要写一些你毕业设计，毕业课题你的研究方法是怎样的。 比如说你在实验室做实验的话，你就写下你的实验步骤。 如果你是文科生，你出去做了一些调查，那就写你是如何调查的，到社区调查多少人口，怎样调查的。
写方法这部分有两个建议。 第一尽可能写的比较详细，这样会帮助我们，作为一个审核者看你做实验是否很认真。 第二个比较投机取巧的，如果跟着学长学姐做实验的话不妨问问他们有没有写过实验方法， 大部分情况下他们是有的，这个时候你就可以“拿来”直接用，这样比较节省时间。
写完方法这部分就是3结果与讨论了，字面如意，有两部分，一部分是结果，一部分是讨论。 写这部分可以先把自己做过的结果都罗列出来，想做图去做图，或者大概在草稿纸上做做图都可以。 那么你把结果罗列出来就要进行分析。这就到了讨论部分。大家把结论想出来以后不需要着急的去写， 你先要想有哪些结论可以从你的结果中得到，通过这些小的结论你可以引申得到怎么样的大结论。 最后你要总结提炼出你的整篇毕业论文的论点是在哪里。其实最重要的是关注论文的论点是什么， 它有没有很新颖的想法，这个是评判你整篇论文会不会得高分的非常重要的点。
大家在分析结果和总结小结论后一定要跟你的学长学姐或者你的导师进行比较深入的讨论， 最后确认你最后论文的主题，这样就会决定你论文最后得分的高低。
在进行讨论之后得到你的论点是什么，那么你再开始可以写你的结果与讨论，这个时候就要回忆下 议论文的写法了，其实就是我们首先要提出一个论文，然后要用你的论据证明你的论点。那么其实 整篇论文不光有你大的论文，可能大的论点有很多小的分论点，所以你在写结果与讨论的时候可以 把各个分论点作为一小部分，然后在每一个分论点下面来列举你的结果作为证据，来论证你的论点 那么这就是写结果与讨论最好的方法。
写完结果与讨论时，我们可以跳过去写最开始的引言部分。引言部分其实就是一个背景介绍， 就是介绍你为什么要做这个项目，有什么意义。这个地方就是要卖你的想法，表达你的想法的感觉， 就是你要提出一大堆问题，比如在文献里或者别人都没有办法解决， 但是你能在你这篇论文里去解决或者有答案。最后再提出你的论点，这时候别人就会觉得你的论点很有意思， 所以引言部分是仅此于结果与讨论或者说和结果与讨论同样重要的部分在毕业论文里面。
我比较喜欢写引言的方法是，首先讲下大的背景，比如化学专业，现在全球环境恶化变暖， 二氧化碳排放剧增，是因为我们在化工中有很多不合适的反应让二氧化碳产率比较高， 所以我想设计一个反应让二氧化碳输出比较低来解决这个大的问题，就是说你要在引言部分 开头你要写个大的问题引起别人的兴趣。但其实这个时候你的学长学姐或者导师会跟你说写引言这部分， 但是最后评审论文的好坏高分这点并不一定重要。比引言更重要的就是你对文献的检索， 就是说你前面说了一个大问题，要降低二氧化碳的排放，那你就针对一个特别重要的反应减低二氧化碳的产生。 那么大家都知道很多人在文献里做过很多次尝试，那你就要对前人做过的尝试进行总结跟梳理。 总结不是简单的总结，你当然要查很多文献，其实最后这个文献的安排也是要对你自己有利的， 你就说前任可能做过ABCD实验方法，但是他们都失败了，或者说他们有哪些缺陷，那么总结了这些缺点 之后你可以提出自己的论点我在这篇论文里面我的方法是怎么怎么样的我的做法是如何如何好的。
这样就会引起别人的兴趣，这样引言是理工科写的，如果你是文科的，比如我提出一个观点， 比如现在中国男女不平等什么什么，可以你列举你在文献中你做过哪些研究得到什么什么结论， 那么你在这篇论文中为什么提到这个结论是非常新颖，非常对学术界是有贡献的，这也是一种写法。 所大家写引言的时候一定要文献查找好，另外是安排文献如何写法，最后引申出本文的论点，让别人觉得你的想法特别好。
那写完前三部分，就是最后结论与展望部分。这部分是最后才写也是最好写的东西，那这个结论怎么写呢， 难道是把我前面一直反复强调的论点重复一遍就可以了吗。我的想法是这部分当然要重申你的论点了， 但是可能就在前次早定上有一些不同，然后更重要的是你把你前面方法部分重要方法还有结果部分一些重要 发现也略微的总结一下。在最后要写下展望，如果你接着做这个项目的话你希望从哪些方向着手， 你希望得到哪些结论，这些结论为什么是好的，这些都是可以写进论文展望里的。
以上就是毕业论文的基本框架，怎么写的基本思路。
另外我想给大家一些细节上的建议，这些是大家在写毕业伦文时大家特别要注意的， 这些细节写好会让你的毕业论文显得更专业一些，让老师觉得你这个学生在学术能力上非常的好。
那第一个细节是注意数字的运用，尤其对于我们理工科的学生来说大家一定要基础话， 有可能你刚上了大学的时候有人告诉你一定要用数据来说话，不要没有证据乱讲。就是你想得出一个结论， 必须要用数字来说话。举个例子你发现某一个城市它的二氧化碳排放逐年增加，那么这个是一个结论， 你必须要用数字来说话，比如2010年它的排放量是多少千克，到2015年它的排放量又变成多少多少千克每年， 那么给出一个具体的数字，别人就相信你，虽然这个结论非常小，但是你一定要拿出数据让别人觉得可信。
第二个小建议就是大家在画图的时候一定要注意图上的细节，比如横纵坐标的单位，比如你的图例有没有写， 你的图的标题有没有很清楚的解释这张图是什么，更重要的是你出现的每张图都必须在正文中引用到， 然后给出一定的解释，这样才显得你不是随便放在图让你的毕业论文“长”一点
最后的小建议是文献管理的，我们知道大家在写引言的时候引用很多很多的参考文献，博士论文要引用250-300篇文献， 你开始写的时候可能觉得很顺手，一个一个抄就好了，但是你在后面修改的时候你这个论文所有文献都可能被打乱顺序， 这个时候你再去改顺序就很麻烦，所有手动来写是很麻烦的事情，所有我建议大家使用文献管理软件，最有名的是Endnote， 它其中一个好处就是有word插件，你在用word插件可以随时更新参考文件的顺序，大家可以关注我们后期更新的文章会介绍 Endnote的使用方法
以上方法希望对大家写毕业论文有一定的帮助，我觉得学会写毕业论文是读大学应该学到的非常重要的技能， 对以后工作去写一些报告是非常有好处的，大家在经历这段痛苦的过程中会值得的，最后祝大家论文顺利通过。
可以上中国知网、万方数据库、维普网以及elsevier science数据库等网站查询。
下面以elsevier science数据库为例，来查询医学论文文献。
1、在百度首页搜索，elsevier science数据库，点击进入。
2、进入网站之后，可以看到搜索条件，可以根据自己的喜好，选择不同的搜索条件，搜索条件主要有：关键字、作者、期刊名称以及文章名称等。
3、选择“医学”相关话题的关键字进行搜索。这里以Medecine为例。可以看到，关于Medecine的相关检索共有166214个结果，图片右侧的即为文章的标题。
4、点击文章的标题，可以进行预浏览，也可以进行下载，这样就完成了对医学论文的查询了。
据学术堂了解，论文文献资料是写好论文非常关键的步骤，论文不同于写日志之类的人生感悟，论文需要充分的证据来证明你的论文观点，让别人看了会信服，相信你说的话，那样才算一篇合格的论文。比较大的学术论文参考网站有谷歌学术、万方数据、ilib2、知网、MBA智库、scirus、microsoft academic、HighWire、GeNii学术综合、CiNii论文等网站。这些网站基本上就是写论文查资料常去的站点了，有的网站需要注册之类的。网站吗，都这样，可以说去这些网站查询医学论文文献 是再合适不过了。下面中文文献就“知网”给大家举例，如何查询论文文献：
第一步：在百度上搜索“中国知网”，一般“中国知网”官网出现在第一个，点击进入“中国知网”官网。
第二步：进入“中国知网”官网之后，在检索框前端，有一个选择按钮，下拉列表，里面有“主题、全文、篇名、作者、关键词等”，根据自身需要选择一个，现在以“篇名”为例，在检索框输入“昆虫”，点击“检索”按钮。
第三步：在检索结果列表中，找到自己需要的文章，在文章标题右边有“下载”“阅读”按钮，如有需要，点击进入即可
大体思路如后：首先，得大量的下最新的文章看，差不多了，筛选比较感兴趣的热门关键词，然后再挑看得懂的，进行对比阅读和批评阅读。随后，博采众长，集成创新，组合顺通，一句话，搞的一眼就比人家有点新东西出来。然后就是，论证充分性问题，要多用数据说话，多用理论分析案例，宏观逻辑要问题导向。再后，是重复率问题，要注意改重技术的利用，注意三大核心技巧，切且前后顺序，即颠倒顺序，缩减/扩充/同意替换。最后，查重排班，前则注意假报告，免费查稿子的，建议残缺图片和一些内容再查☜，后者，不会，就学，找一个上一届的。
看了这些不之所以，需要看更详细的，或者就到知某乎上去找，比如找“MBA论文怎么写”就一堆套路可以看，前面几个帖子我看了下，写的很好，社科类的文章都适用，肯定能让人豁然开朗！
一句话，前期把握宏观，后期完善细节和前因后果等，装模作样的东西！
看文献找题目》搞4个题目4个思路（有写作指导），找老板协商》听建议，确定具体写那个》列目录，整出问题对策，分析方法用什么（用什么理论用什么标准分析文献的问题或者实践问题），数学语言怎么利用等》再找老板把关，以防止后期大改过关后，就开工建设吧，OEM什么的也可以，只要符合这宏观的架构》然后就是改重技巧的利用，查重删减图片一些内容防被卖等问题》然后就是准备答辩ppt什么的鬼东西！
利用本处的参考文献题目，便于大家掌握关键词种类，然后再在知网、万方上按照专业分类浏览 100 页题目，并检索 10 个关键词，下载50 篇文章，用一定标准精选 5 篇文章做参考，即选出工作量小、切合热点、理论充分、数据分析到位、宏观逻辑流程、个案材料好收集的可以依葫芦画瓢的好题目。
为什么要创新？不创新，你这东西说白了就是一堆大杂烩，没得统合没得整合，就是一堆抄袭！现在管的越来越严格了，不创新，不编什么研究方法创新，数学算法创新，理论创新，应用创新，结论创新什么的鬼东西，没来个三五点，你只能呵呵的拿回去等待修改继续被蹂躏，继续被践踏尊严吧！
面对毕业论文头都大了。所以从几篇文章里拼出一篇，大标题下分标题完全引用。都是拼过来的，算抄袭吗？心里有点慌？学生所提交答辩的毕业论文有下列情形之一者属于抄袭、剽窃行为。
图1： 抄袭认定
你百度下，或者某乎下，一堆一堆的乱七八糟的文章，但核心就这么点：学校用什么报告管事，就tb什么查，然后比着报告修改。当然，预算少就找便宜点的比如ppyy等查初稿，差不多了，再定稿查好的。土豪的话，就一步到位，查好的吧！至于具体改重技巧，把握单点：
（1）颠倒顺序
把句子后面的名词什么的搞到前面，然后再顺通。把段落的后面搞到前面，最好是总括性的搞到前面来！
（2）插入扩充
至于，核心词没法替换，或者颠倒顺序都没法的，就扩充打断。
（3）缩减
对应非核心的东西，缩减废话!
经济类的比较热门，实际用到的比较多，文科的套路差不多，依葫芦画瓢的方法类似，故此，罗列如下比较经典的文献参考。大家有兴趣的可以看看人家怎么写的，里面有oem的，也有分科别类详细介绍的。自己把握，自己权衡！
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