发布时间：
With the general improvement of the quality of life, the sea and land are not the only ways for people's travel, tourism , as the aviation industry has the advantage of time and gradually,it become the mainstream trend in transportation. In order to meet the needs of modern society the concept of a high time for a strong, ticket booking management system for the ticket booking office has brought great convenience. The purpose of this paper is to study the management of ticket booking system software development and application of ways, mainly because the management of today's cumbersome ticket reservations to the concept of time has a strong staff of the airline has brought a lot of inconvenience and the lack of a complete airline Booking of ticket management software, for Record of the booking, flight information, such as passenger information to facilitate the management, so the development of this software. In this paper, VC programming language as a system to support the software to WIN9X/NT/XP operating system as a platform to support the VC to control the operating system software. Around the machine on database design and programming work in these two areas of practice, through some kind of database products and development tools (Access, SQL Server, Oracle, VFP, PB, VB, VC, Delphi, etc.) are familiar with and know, for a given of a specific problem, first of all, through its comprehensive analysis of the conceptual model for database design, relational database design logical structure to achieve 3NF or BCNF mode then RDBMS at the finish the design and specific features of the programming module require debugging, testing the success of the final submission of a small database applications. In this paper, through computer networks to the client and the server connected to the database from the client to deal with information received, achieve flight information, ticket generation, sales statistics, etc. General information subsystem. Cost for the computer center, a computer sales business automation, as airlines reduce costs, improve sales, management decision-making based on timely and precise. Function of the software system at the completion of the internal source code directly. Through the operation manual, the user can know the basic working principle of the software. Operators only need to input some simple Chinese characters, numbers, can achieve their goal. Keywords: VC, Access, Delphi, SQL Server. 翻译如有出入，请您再做修正！
英文文件的标准字体：
在Microsoft office word里，英文默认字体是TimesNew Roman，比较常用的还有 Arial, Calibri，字号以磅表示，从7px-96px。依据文章要求使用不同磅数的字，常用12 pt/ 14 pt/ 16 pt。
摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。
英文摘要
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
英语毕业论文我可以帮你写的，需要的话和我联系啊
英文论文摘要模板
英文论文摘要怎么写，你会写了吗?下面是我为大家收集的关于英文论文摘要模板，希望能够帮到大家!
ABSTRACT
As an important part of Chinese academic journals, sci-tech periodicalshave great significance to the spread of knowledge of science and to thedevelopment of technology. The level of internationalization of a sci-tec journalrepresents its recognition degree in the field of international publishing,besides, it is also a key criteria of the success for launching the journals. Thereare the largest number of sci-tech periodicals launched in Beijing, which leadsto a central role that taken by this area. Therefore, result from the researchwhich focus in Beijing can, to a certain extent, reflect the international level ofChinese sci-tech periodicals.
This paper is divided into six chapters: Chapter one is a brief review of theacademic theories and description about the practice status and the currentsystem of Chinese sci-tech periodicals. Also, it summarizes the stages andcharacteristics of the development of sci-tech periodicals in Beijing. In chaptertwo, it provides the historical foundation, system condition and thedevelopment of digital technology for the following analysis. Chapter three, tofive respectively elaborates the current situation of the development of sci-techperiodicals in Beijing area by 3 aspects: content innovation, business strategyand media. In chapter six, it concluded the problems that China's sci-techperiodicals are facing during the globalization and then provides possiblecountermeasures based on the analysis in previous chapters.
Key Words: Beijing; sci-tech periodicals; internationalization; impact factor
Abstract
Within the framework of feminism and archetypal criticism, this thesis, by taking ThePassion of New Eve as its discourse, analyzes and discusses Angela Carter's application ofdemythologizing as a feminist strategy. By rewriting and subverting those female archetypes,Carter aims to break the fetters and shackles of patriarchy, exploring the way to women'sliberation as well as the reconciliation between two genders.
Believing that human society has been established on patriarchy, feminists endeavor tochange women's subordinate status and achieve gender equality. Archetypal criticism, as oneof the most influential branches in literary criticism,regards myth as the origin of literature.
Myths,especially the Bible,cover all the forms and motifs known as archetypes in literature.
As a devoted pioneer and advocator of feminism, Carter realizes that those female archetypesare usually stereotyped and dogmatic, which is actually invented by patriarchy for theoppression and exploitation of women.
Based on intensive reading and exhaustive textual analysis, this thesis illustrates Carter'sdemythologizing of three female archetypes in The Passion of New Eve, which are“Temptress,,,”Mother Goddesses“ and ”Eve“ respectively. Firstly, the sufferings that Leilahencounter in the novel reveal that ”Temptresses“ are in fact victims of patriarchy instead oforigins of disloyalty and disasters. While seen by men as objects of their sexual desires, theyalso risk self-objectification, which results in the deprivation of subjectivity as independenthuman beings. Secondly, ”Mother“ in Beulah is just an artificial myth,汪 consolatory toolfabricated by patriarchy, behind the glorification of which are patriarchal values and codes.
Thirdly, the transformative journey Eve experienced from a chauvinist to a real womandemonstrates that femininity, rather than an inherent quality, is the result of social influenceand persistent imitations.
Through the demythologizing of those female archetypes, Carter overthrows thepatriarchal hegemony as well as Utopian matriarchal dreams,offering androgyny as a potentialsolution to the current sexual conflicts. In her opinion, the real reconciliation between twogenders should be based on mutual respect and understanding, which is confirmed by theunion between the new Eve and Tristessa in The Passion of New Eve.
Keywords: female archetype; demythologizing; Angela Carter; The Passion of New Eve
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of the financial sector, more and morepeople pay attention to the financial information search. However, the traditionalkeyword search method could hardly meet the needs of financial users. Therefore,semantic search products have gained more popularity. However, the semanticparsing process is complex and diverse. During the process of the analysis oflarge-scale real text, the sentence analysis which based on word granularity is verydifficult, but after chunk analysis, the accuracy can be significantly improved andthe complexity can be clearly reduced. At present, the user input method is almostthe Pinyin input method, thus it could probably happen that the input phonetic lettersare correct, while the Chinese character is wrong. In order to achieve the purpose ofimproving the user experience, the Pinyin text proofreading appears.
The content of this paper is a pretreatment subsystem of the finance Q & Asystem, and it contains two functions, Pinyin text proofreading and chunk partition.
Text proofreading is based on Pinyin, in the first place, putting the query sequenceinto phonetic sequence. Then it uses the multiple grammars, three grammars and twogrammars to fill the Chinese characters sequence. And if there is no ambiguity whenfilling, then it uses the text proofreading, otherwise, ignores the text proofreading.
For the chunk partition, this paper uses three different methods: the method ofthe shortest path chunk partition, the method of CRF chunk partition and the methodof neural network chunk partition. The subsystem designed and implemented thethree methods. The shortest path chunk partition is similar to the dictionary wordsegmentation method. CRF chunk partition divided the problem into the annotationproblem, through getting the optimal sequence labels, to reach the purpose of chunkpartition. Chunk neural network chunk partition is based on word segmentation,changing the query sequence into a sequence of nodes. If the sequence of possibilityimproved after adding chunk tag on each node sequence, the tag position is a chunkposition.
In practical test, the shortest path chunk partition based on the dictionary,cannot process the query which is not in the dictionary of chunk. CRF chunkpartition can solve the unknown chunk query, but the mark information is too simplewhen the training corpus increased,and the error percentage of results increasedsignificantly. When using neural networks in chunk partition, the predicted timeincreases significantly, however, the query generalization is a good idea. Throughthe above research, a reasonable way to chunk partition is the CRF method, whichproperly uses the query generalization.
Finally after testing, the pretreatment subsystem has not only met the needs ofthe finance Q & A system, largely improving the financial Q & A system userexperience, but also reduces the analytical complexity, significantly improved thecorrectness and performance.
Keywords: Pretreatment system question analysis, chunk, text proofreading, CRF,neural network
原则上讲，中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，摘要的内容主要是 ① 点明主题，解析文章的目的或意图； ② 介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③ 提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。但是，英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长，同样内容的一段文字，若用英文来描述，其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。因此，撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了，力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。对这个问题的认识存在两个误区，一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”，因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容，或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容，这样很容易造成文摘重心转移，甚至偏离主题。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏，这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复，显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容，不能随意增删，但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动，具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则，符合英文专业术语规范，并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态，是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下，摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的，而应根据具体内容而有所变化，否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循，其中存在着如下一些规律： 1) 英文摘要的时态。 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳，常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。A. 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。例如： This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… ， The result shows (reveals) that… ， It is found that… ， The conclusions are… ， The author suggests that… ．涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，也要用一般现在时。B. 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻（时段）的发现、某一研究过程（实验、观察、调查等过程）。例如： The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 2005. 需要指出的是，用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的，而只是当时如何如何；所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。C. 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用，但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来，而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情，或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如： Concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy. 2) 英文摘要的语态。 采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短，尽量不要随便混用，更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。采用被动语态的情况主要有：说明事实经过时，某件事是谁做的，无须一一证明；为强调动作承受者；有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语，例如： In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be obtained. 在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常使用主动语态，其优点是鲜明有力。而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。例如： The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语感要强。 3) 英文摘要的人称。 摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper… 等开头，或采用更简洁的被动语态，一般不用第一人称。 4）遣词造句。 掌握一定的遣词造句技巧，简单、准确地表达作者的观点，减少读者的误解。A. 用词力求简单，在表达同样意思时，尽量用短词代替长词，以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时，应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如，英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等，虽简单常用，但其意义少则十几个，多则几十个，用这类词来描述研究过程，读者难免产生误解，甚至会不知所云，这就要求根据具体情况，选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等，以便于读者理解。B. 造句。尽量使用短句，长句容易造成语义不清；但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型：尽管英文的句型种类繁多，丰富多彩，但摘要的常用句型却很有限，而且形成了一定的规律，大体可归纳为（ 1 ）表示研究目的，常用在摘要之首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is…… （ 2 ）表示研究的对象与方法 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… （ 3 ）表示研究的结果： The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… （ 4 ）表示结论、观点或建议： The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 。 二是尽量采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语，少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时，使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂，而且容易造成时态混乱（因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的 “时间差”，而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语，在简化语句的同时，还可以减少时态判定的失误。 5) 注意事项。 在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。 A. 冠词。主要是定冠词 the 易被漏用。 the 用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握，用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则，即当我们用 the 时，听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如： The author designed a new machine. The machine is operated with solar energy. 由于现在缩略语越来越多，要注意区分 a 和 an ，如 an X ray. B. 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词，如： Three hundred samples are collected… 中的 Three hundred 不要写成 300. C. 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认，从而造成谓语形式出错。总之，多看英文文献，积累经验，摸索规律，提高英文写作水平，才能写好英文摘要。 英文摘要常见句型1) This paper deals with... 2) This article focuses on the topics of...3) This essay presents knowledge that... 4) This thesis discusses...5) This thesis analyzes... 6) This paper provides an overview of...7) This paper elaborates on ... 8) This article gives an overview of...9) This paper provides a method of ... 10) This paper considers...11) The writer of this paper discusses... 12) This paper strongly emphasizes...13) This article explores... 14) This paper tries to describe...15) This article covers the role of chemicals in...16) This paper presents up to date information on...17) This article not only describes...but also suggests...18) This paper includes discussions concerning...19) This article compares...and summarizes key findings.20) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21) This paper offers the latest information regarding...22) This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23) This paper addresses important topics including... 24) This paper expresses views on...25) This paper reports the latest information on ... 26) This paper provides an analysis of ...27) This paper gives an account of ... 28) The aim of this paper is to determine...29) The objective of this paper is to explore...30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate 4. 关键词关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语，对文献检索有重要作用。关键词一般用名词，而且从标题或摘要中选取，每篇文章可选 3 ～ 8 个关键词，文章题名中的人名、地名也可作为关键词标出。应标注中英文关键词。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前应冠以“关键词：”，英文关键词前冠以“ Key words ：”作为标识。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔，以便于计算机自动切分。将关键词扩展成词组 / 短语，毋用单一词汇，而是在单一词汇基础上进行扩展，如：营销→网络营销→网络营销管理。切记避免关键字堆砌。
下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。
Abstract
Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.
According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS 19.0. And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.
Abstract
A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。
Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.
Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.
Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 1.26,witha 95% confidential interval of [0.86, 1.66])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.
Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = 9.22,p = 0,01 < 0.05)，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =0.61, g 二 2.14, g = 0.98 respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = 17.04, p =0.000 < 0.05)。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of 3.59,0.71 and 0.37 respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.
Abstract
The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (i.e. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?
This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, i.e. thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (i.e. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (i.e. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (i.e. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.
The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.
Abstract
Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.
This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.
To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.
There are three hypotheses:
1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?
Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS 19.0. And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.
Abstract
In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.
Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.
Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.
Abstract
Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.
With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.
The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.
Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.
关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:
毕业设计（论文）撰写的内容与要求
在日常学习和工作生活中，大家都尝试过写论文吧，论文是学术界进行成果交流的工具。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗？以下是我为大家整理的毕业设计（论文）撰写的内容与要求，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
毕业设计（论文）撰写的内容与要求
1.标题
标题应简短、明确、有概括性。通过标题概括说明毕业设计(论文)的主要内容。标题字数要适当，一般不宜超过20字，如果有些细节必须放进标题，可以加副标题，主标题写得简明，将细节放在副标题里。
2.摘要或设计总说明书
摘要，是以浓缩的形式概括研究课题的内容、方法和观点，以及取得的成果和结论，应能反映设计(论文)的精华。中英文摘要以300-500字为宜，包括论文题目、论文摘要、关键词(3至5个)，英文摘要与中文摘要内容要相对应;撰写摘要时应注意以下几点：
(1) 语言使用要精炼、概括;
(2) 陈述要客观，不加主观评价;
(3) 摘要的重点是成果和结论;
(4) 设计总说明主要介绍设计任务来源、设计标准、设计原则及主要技术资料。
3.目录
目录按三级标题编写(即：1.…、1.1…、1.1.1…)，要求标题层次清晰。
4.前言
前言是说明本课题的研究意义、目的、范围及解决的主要问题。
5.正文
正文是对研究工作的详细论述。它是全文的主体，其内容包括：问题的提出，研究工作的基本前提、假设和条件;基本概念和理论基础;模型的建立，实验(设计)方案的拟定;实验方法、内容及其分析;理论论证，理论在课题中的应用，课题得出的结果，以及结果的讨论等。不同类型的毕业设计(论文)，可根据实际情况取舍内容。
6.结论
结论是对整个研究工作进行归纳和总结，还应包括所得结论与前人结论的比较和本课题尚存在的问题，以及进一步开展研究的建议。结论集中反映作者的研究成果，表达作者对所研究课题的见解，是全文的精髓，结论要写得概括、简短。撰写时应注意以下几点：
(1)结论要简洁、明确，措辞应严谨;
(2)结论应反映个人的研究工作成果。
7.致谢
致谢应以简短的文字对课题研究与论文撰写过程中曾给予帮助的人员表示自己的谢意。
8.参考文献
参考文献是毕业设计(论文)不可缺少的组成部分，它反映设计(论文)的取材来源、引用材料的广博程度和材料的可靠程度。一般设计(论文)的参考文献应列入引用的主要中外文献。
9.附录
对于一些不宜放入正文中、但作为毕业设计(论文)又不可缺少的组成部分，或有主要参考价值的内容，可编入毕业设计(论文)的附录中，例如，公式的推演、编写的算法、语言程序等。如果毕业设计(论文)中引用的实例、数据资料，实验结果等符号较多时，为了节约篇幅，便于读者查阅，可以编写一个符号说明，注明符号代表的意义。
2022毕业设计（论文）撰写标准
一、毕业设计（论文）的编写格式：
1.“摘要”、“目录” 黑体，三号，居中排列。
2.“引言”、 “结论” 、“参考文献”黑体，四号，左对齐排列，“致谢”、“附录”黑体，四号，居中排列。
3.正文：各章标题黑体，四号，居左排列。各章下的节标题黑体，小四号，居左排列。正文内容中文为宋体，小四号。正文中的图名和表名及相应内容用宋体，五号字体，图名置于图正下方，表名置于表正上方。
4.页眉：宋体五号，居中排列。内容为“桂林电子科技大学毕业设计（论文）”。
5.页码：宋体小五号，页脚居中排列。页码从引言开始编号，一直编到附录。
二、毕业设计（论文）的前置部分：
毕业设计（论文）的前置部分包括封面、原创性声明、中文摘要、目录等。
1.题目：题目是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。中文题目（包括副题和标点符号）一般不宜超过20字。
2.原创性声明
3.中文摘要及关键词
（1）中文摘要内容，宋体，小四号，一般为300字左右。摘要中不宜出现公式、非公用的符号、术语等。
(2)每篇论文选取3～5个关键词，关键词排列在摘要的左下方一行，顶格写：“关键词：”为黑体，小四号,内容采用小四号、宋体、接排、各个关键词之间有分号隔开。
4.目录：按照引言、论文的章节、结论、参考文献、致谢、附录等前后顺序，编写序号、名称和页码。目录页排在中文摘要之后，目录要求自动生成。摘要和目录编页用罗马字符编页。
三、毕业设计（论文）的主体部分：
毕业设计（论文）的主体部分包括引言、正文、结论、参考文献、致谢等。字数（正文部分）要求8000字以上。
1.引言：简要说明作者所作工作的目的、范围、国内外进展情况、前人研究成果、本人的设想、研究方法等。
2.正文：毕业设计（论文）的核心部分，包括理论分析、数据资料、实验方法、结果、本人的论点和结论等内容，还要附有各种有关的图表、照片、公式等。
(1)图：图序号一律用阿拉伯数字分章依序编码，如：图1.1、1.2,图2.1、2.2等。图序号和图名置于图的正下方。图中坐标单标注的符号和缩略词必须与正文中一致。
(2)表：表序号一律用阿拉伯数字分章依序编码，如：表1.1、1.2,表2.1、2.2等。表序号和表名置于表的正上方。
(3)公式：正文中的公式、算式、方程式等按式（3－1）,式（6－1）分章依序编码。公式序号标注于该式所在行（当续行时，应标注于最后一行）的最右边。连续性的公式在“＝”处排列整齐。大于999的整数或多于三位的'小数，一律用半角阿拉伯数字符的小间隔分开；小于1的数应将0置于小数点之前。
(4)计量单位：单位名称和符号的书写方式一律采用国际通用符号。
3.结论：准确、完整、精练地阐述作者创造性工作在本研究领域的地位和作用，对存在的问题和不足给予客观的说明，也可以提出进一步的设想。
4. 参考文献：在毕业设计（论文）中引用参考文献时，引出处右上角用方括号标注阿拉伯数字编排的序号（必须与参考文献一致）。
参考文献的类型和标识：
M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D—学位论文,R——报告，S——标准，P——专利。
参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为：
(1)专著
[1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林：广西师范大学出版社.
[2] 马克思恩格斯全集：第1卷[M].北京：人民出版社，1956.22-23.
(2)期刊文章
[1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J].北京师范大学学报（社会科学版），1995（3）：12-18.
(3)论文集
[1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C].上海：上海译文出版社，1979.
(4)报纸文章
李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报，1998-12-27，（3）.
（5）学位论文
刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D].北京：北京师范大学心理系，1998.
（6）报告
白秀水，刘敢，任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R].西安：陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心，1998.
(7）论文集中的析出文献
钟文发．非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[A]．赵玮．运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集[C]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1996.468～471．
（8）电子文献
王明亮．关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展
（9）专利
姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案[P].中国专利：881056073.
5. 致谢：对协助完成论文研究工作的单位和个人表示感谢。
四、毕业设计（论文）的附录部分：
1.附录编于致谢后，与致谢连续编页码，每一附录均另页起。
2.附录依次用大写正体A,B,C……….编序号，黑体三号。如：附录A。
3.附录中的图、表、公式、参考文献等与正文分开，用阿拉伯数字另行编序号，注意在数码前冠以附录的续码。如：图A1；表B2；文献[D5]
五、毕业论文的打印规格：
1.论文、任务书的所有封面打印规格：
中文题目：黑体三号字
院（系）、专业、学生姓名、班级、学号、指导教师姓名、年月日（提交论文日期）：宋体三号；院（系）必须写：继续教育学院；专业必须写全称。
2.论文正文页面和版面的设置规格：
论文必须单面打印。为了便于装订、复制，要求每页纸的四周留有足够的空白边缘。页边距——上3厘米、下2厘米、内侧3厘米、外侧2厘米；装订线——1厘米；页眉—2厘米；页脚—1厘米。
页面设置数据为：文字的行间距－ 20磅 ；公式的行间距－ 1.5倍 ；字符间距— 标准 。
七、毕业设计（论文）的装订说明：
毕业设计（论文）要求以A4号纸的大小标准进行装订。左侧装订。订2颗钉子。
装订页码顺序:(1)封面，(2)中文摘要、关键词，(3) 目录（要求至少有二个层次，注明页码），(4)论文正文，(5) 结论，(6)参考文献，(7) 致谢，(8) 附录。
摘要是学术论文的必要组成部分，是作者对文章主要内容简单扼要的客观陈述，是“不加评论和补充解释，简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文”.摘要的主要功能可概括为：一是便于读者迅速了解全文大意，使其能以较少的时间获取必要的信息，并决定是否需要进一步阅读全文；二是为编制二次文献提供方便，摘要的质量直接影响其二次文献的质量；三是在文献的计算机检索、网络和其他电子出版物等方面，摘要也是必不可少的。摘要应当拥有论文实质内容的主要信息。为此，研究报告的摘要一般应包括4个要素，即研究目的、方法、结果和结论。其中研究方法和研究结果最为重要，需要详细交代。对于研究目的，如果是显而易见的，或者在其他文句中已经包含，就不必单独写出，只有在需要强调研究目的，或研究目的比较特殊的情况下，才需要明确交代研究目的。对于研究报告而言，研究方法的介绍非常重要，但要详略得当，对于常规的、大家熟悉的方法，一般只需提到其方法名称即可，对于作者自己创造的新方法，或者是对原有方法的改良，或者论文本身就是对某研究方法的研究，则必需详细交代其方法，务必使方法表达清楚、具体，使读者能按照论文所介绍的方法重演该实验。研究结果更需详细介绍，力求具体、明确，应把具体的内容、数据等写出来。对有些需要讨论的重要问题和作者的独到见解，可以在“讨论”小标题下给出。摘要一般采用第三人称的写法。常用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……、”进行了……的调查“等记述方法，以标明一次文献的性质和文献主题。在这些表述语句中不必使用”本文“、”作者“等主语。摘要的句型力求简单，通常少于10个句子即可。摘要不应有引言中出现的内容，也不要对论文内容作诊释和评论，不得简单重复题名中已有的信息；不用非公知公用的符号和术语，不用引文（除非该论文证实或否定了他人已发表的论文），一般不用缩略语、略称、代号，如有必要，在首次出现时必须马上加以说明（除非相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解）；学术论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位，正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于摘要的编写。
一、论文篇幅：通常3000—8000字，论文必须包含200字左右的中、英文摘要及3-4个关键词。二、论文格式：(一)题目、署名及层次格式、文字、字数要求：1、文稿采用A4幅面word文档;中文标题为三号黑体，如有副标题，另起一行，字体为四号宋体;正文为小四号仿宋体;英文字体为Times New Roman，标题字号为三号，字母全部大写;如有副标题，另起一行，首字母大写，正文为小四号字体;文稿应加注页码。2、题目居中，作者署名(五号、仿宋体)及单位信息(五号、仿宋体)标在题目下，(当作者单位不同时，应用1、2……标识区别)。需做作者简介时，可在当页下方划一条横线，在横线下加说明。3、摘要和关键词(五号、黑体)写在题目后、正文前，摘要和关键词的内容部分为五号仿宋体。如下图所示：数字城市化进程王**1 杨**2 张**1(1.****大学，北京 100001;2.****研究院，天津 300001)摘 要：**********************************************************************************************************************************************************关键词：*** *** ***4、论文的层次，统一要求采用：1 *******1.1 *******1.1.1 *******1.1.1.1*******(占一行或接排。 当接排时，标题后要加标点。一级标题采用四号黑体，二级标题采用小四号黑体，三级标题采用小四号宋体加粗)(二)文稿和图稿其它要求：1、正确阐述技术内容。名词术语应符合国家有关标准、规范。如所采用的名词术语尚未编定时，可采用各业务部门和科研单位常用的名词术语，不要任意用简称、方言。2、准确使用标点符号，注意：(1)标题、图题、表名后及公式后不用标点;(2)阿拉伯数字的起止(范围)号用“~”，如：“20~30”，“8%~10%”，“0~10oC”3、对正文中的某些问题需加以说明时，可用“呼应注”(也叫脚注)，即在所要加注处的右上角标注“①、②……”，同时在本页末留出位置，划一横线与正文隔开，在横线下注明“①、②……”。4、计量单位采用国务院颁发的《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》，一律用拉丁文书写。5、要将中文图表中的英文说明翻译成中文(英文不保留)。6、外文字母写成印刷体，同时注意将正斜体、大小写分清楚。7、数字的书写(统计数、各种计量及图表编号等各种顺序号)均用阿拉伯数字，世纪、年代、月、日和时刻均用阿拉伯数字，并一概用全称。8、表格、公式、样图均要编号，每篇论文加注流水号，例如：图1、图2，表1、表2，公式⑴、公式⑵。9、照片要求清晰、层次分明，本论文集为非彩印书，请尽量用黑白照片，应尽量避免以颜色做区分的柱状图、线条图等。墨线图要大小适当，图线要规整，文字及数字应采用六号字体。照片、图稿等电子文件需备份一份随稿件一并提交。10、稿件为中文的英文摘要或稿件为英文的中文摘要，要放在正文后，参考文献前。包括题目、作者信息及摘要、关键词。格式如下：PAPER TITLEWang **1 Yang **1 Zhang **2(1.**** College，北京 100001;2.**** Academe，天津 300001)Abstract:**********************************************************************************************************************************************************Keywords： *** *** ***11、参考文献的项目要列全，格式如下：[1]王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58.[2]葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42.
一般摘要包括：论文核心问题及研究目的描述、使用方法和研究过程的概述、研究结论或科研结果的概括等。摘要应该是具有独立性、自明性否认，就算不阅读全文内容，也能获得一定信息。切忌将摘要写成论文全文的提纲。学士论文的中文摘要200-300字即可，博硕论文或者一些特殊要求的，可以适当增加摘要篇幅。学士论文英文摘要250个实词是最合适的，注意不要直接用翻译软件将中文摘要翻译成英文，英文摘要常用的是第三人称与现在时态。2、关键词关键词是为了进行文献标引，从论文中提取出来的最为关键的一组主题词，是用来描述文献资料主题，并提供文献检索便利的一组情报语言词汇。学位论文一般在中英文摘要之后，分别列出3-5个中英文的关键词。例如博士学位论文格式要求，中文关键词可以设定为“写作规范”“排版格式”“博士学位论文”；英文关键词就是“Write Criterion““Typeset Format““Doctor‘s Degree Paper“只需要通过搜索这三个关键词，就能非常简单的查到该篇文章。中英文关键词的引导语是“关键词：““Keywords:“，不可省略。如果是其他外语语种关键词的引导语，那应该按照该语种的词汇来确定。中文关键词大家尽可能使用《汉语主题词表》等词表提供的规范词；Keywords应与中文“关键词”保持一致。
外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师：XXX（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……（英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。）1. Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)…3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms3.1 The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号：1. ，2.， 3.，…；节的编号：1.1,1.2…，2.1,2.2…；小节的编号为：1.1.1, 1.1.2…。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） …. In conclusion, ….3.2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. ….3.2.1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) …. ….(ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion ….Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号）Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。（论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；1.5倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中）【摘 要】 汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂………………（中文摘要：上空二行；题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符，方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距； 第二行起要顶格；字数约400字，约8-10行；）【关键词】 习语；对比；英语；汉语（中文关键词：题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距；各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后不空格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距）一、 基本格式：论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上，不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页：论文题名页上打印格式基本相近，中、英文对照，中文题目页在第一页，英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目，论文题目都用大写字母，下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大，再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称：论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号，加粗，关键字短语部分采用宋体，小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页，一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体，字号为三号，加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号，中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印，正文采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页（大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗）正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印，字体为Times New Roman小四。
Times New Roman 字体，1.5倍行距，首行缩进2字符，
英文论文的详细格式：
一、标题
一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。
如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。
二、提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。
主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。
需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。
三、摘要
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
四、正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。
正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。
在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。
五、文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。
引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。
六、文献目录
论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:
目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。
目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。
标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。
各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。
摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。
扩展资料：
发表论文作用：
论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：
1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生 毕业需要；教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。
2、申报基金、课题 ：教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。
3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究，公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。
参考资料来源：百度百科——英文论文
目录，摘要，关键词，参考文献。
1、目录
目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
2、摘要
摘要是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
3、关键词
关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“摘要”的左下方。
4、参考文献
一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。
扩展资料：
注意事项
1、毕业论文一律打印，采取a4纸张，页边距一律采取：上2.8cm、下2.5cm，左3cm,右2.5cm，行间距取多倍行距(设置值为1.25);字符间距为默认值(缩放100%，间距：标准)，封面采用教务处统一规定的封面。
2、字体要求
论文所用字体要求为宋体。
3、字号
第一层次题序和标题用小三号黑体字;第二层次题序和标题用四号黑体字;第三层次及以下题序和标题与第二层次同正文用小四号宋体。
4、页眉及页码
毕业论文各页均加页眉，采用宋体五号宋体居中，打印“xx大学xxxx届x科生毕业论文(设计)”。页码从正文开始在页脚按阿拉伯数字(宋体小五号)连续编排，居中书写。
5、摘要及关键词
中文摘要及关键词：“摘要”二字采用三号字黑体、左对齐书写，“摘”与“要”之间空两格，内容采用小四号宋体。“关键词”三字采用小四号字黑体，顶格书写，一般为3—5个。
英文摘要应与中文摘要相对应，字体为小四号times new roman。
参考资料来源：百度百科-论文格式
1、摘要
摘要是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
随着计算机技术和因特网的迅猛发展，网上查询、检索和下载专业数据已成为当前科技信息情报检索的重要手段，对于网上各类全文数据库或文摘数据库，论文摘要的索引是读者检索文献的重要工具，为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。
摘要是对论文综合的介绍，使人了解论文阐述的主要内容。论文发表后，文摘杂志或各种数据库对摘要可以不作修改或稍作修改而直接利用，让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容，以补充题名的不足，从而避免他人编写摘要可能产生的误解、欠缺甚至错误。所以论文摘要的质量高低，直接影响着论文的被检索率和被引频次。
2、参考文献：
一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。
中文：作者—标题—出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）
英文：作者—标题—出版物信息
3、关键词：
关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“摘要”的左下方。
主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。
扩展资料：
撰写论文摘要的注意事项：
（1）整理你的材料使其能在最小的空间下提供最大的信息面。
（2）用简单而直接的句子。避免使用成语、俗语或不必要的技术性用语。
（3）请多位同僚阅读并就其简洁度与完整性提供意见。
（4）删除无意义的或不必要的字眼。但也不要矫枉过正，将应有的字眼过份删除，如在英文中不应删除必要的冠词如a'' an'' the等。
（5）尽量少用缩写字。在英文的情况较多，量度单位则应使用标准化者。特殊缩写字使用时应另外加以定义。
参考资料来源：百度百科 - 论文格式
参考资料来源：百度百科 - 论文摘要