现今网络规模和复杂度日益增长,传统的集中式管理模式已经不Now growing network scale and complexity, the traditional centralized management model has not 能满足网络管理的需求,网络管理研究也随之向分布式管理模式发Can meet the demand of network management, network management study also then distributed management mode to send 展。Web Services作为一种新兴的分布式技术,以其良好的特性得到Exhibition. Web Services for as a new kind of distributed technology, with its excellent characteristics get 了广泛的支持,也展现了其在网络管理中良好的应用前景。本论文The broad support, also shows its in network management of good application prospect. This paper 将研究Web Services管理关键技术,以及如何利用利Web Services技Will study Web Services for managing key technology, and how to use the Web Services for skill 术解决目前网络管理架构中存在的问题。To solve the current network performed the problems existing in the management structure. 本论文研究了Web Services管理中质量评价、SLA模板、业务This paper studies the Web Services for management quality evaluation, SLA template, business 流程管理、定价方法等关键技术,并提出了基于Web Services的网Process management, pricing method and some key technology, and put forward based on Web Services for the nets 络管理架构,同时实现了原型系统验证此架构和关键技术。论文主Management structure, but also achieve treasure-the a prototype system test this structure and key technology. Thesis main 要研究内容和创新点如下:To the research content and innovation points as follows: (1)基于立体QoS模型的Web Services质量模糊评价方法(1) the three-dimensional QoS model based on fuzzy evaluation method Web Services for quality 分析了Web Services的服务质量需求,以及现有服务质量评价方Analyzes the Web Services for service quality requirements, as well as the existing service quality evaluation square 泥、适川范围的局限性,根据Web Services的质量属性提出了WebMud, suitable scope of sichuan, according to the limitations of Web Services for quality attributes puts forward Web Services立体QoS模型,给出其中若干关键质量指标的量化定义,Services for stereo QoS model, and puts forward some key quality indexes of quantitative definition, 在此基础上应用模糊数学中的模糊算法设计了Web Services质量模On the basis of fuzzy algorithm fuzzy mathematics designed Web Services for quality mould 糊评价方法,指导Web Services生命周期中服务选择、实时监控、Paste evaluation method, guiding Web Services for life cycle service selection, real-time monitoring, 管理和计费等各阶段的质量评价应用。Management and billing and so on various stages of quality evaluation applications. (2)基于Web Services的SLA模板表示方法(2) the SLA template based on Web Services for representation 分析了已有的SLA模板存在的问题,如缺乏统一的信息模型、Analyzed the existing SLA template existence of problems, such as lack of unified information model, SLA元素的含义不明确、无法重用已有的模板定义、不能实现灵活SLA elements not clear about, the meaning of the template cannot reusing existing definition, cannot realize flexible 和自动化的SLA管理等,针对以上问题提出了基于Web Services的And the SLA management etc, automation, aiming at the above problems is proposed based on Web Services for SLA模板表示方法,对支持Web Services的SLA进行建模井给出形SLA template to support representation of Web Services for given shape modeling SLA well 式化的表示方法,并提出了SLA生命周期管理模型。Masquerading expression methods, and puts forward the SLA lifecycle management model. (3)基于SLA的Web Services业务流程管理(3) based on SLA Web Services for business process management 分析了目前Web Services业务流程管理方法及其不足,为WebAnalysis of the current Web Services for business process management method and its shortcomings, for the Web Services提出了一种基于SLA的业务流程管理方法:对基本的WebServices for proposed based on SLA business process management methods: basic Web Services体系结构进行了基于SLA的信息和角色扩充,从商务模型Services for system structure based on the SLA information and role from business model and extended 中三种不同角色的视点对其进行了详细的描述;然后参考NGOSSThree different roles in the view makes detailed description; Then reference NGOSS 的eTOM中“直通”的垂直分析方式,提出了业务管理模型;并采In the "direct" eTOM vertical analysis, this paper puts forward the way business management model. And adopt 用“全生命周期”的水平分析方式,定义了一种带有反馈机制的闭环Use "total life cycle" level analysis, defines the way with a feedback mechanism of the closed-loop 业务流程。Business process. (4)支持QoS的Web Services定价方法(4) support QoS Web Services for pricing method 分析了目前Web Services定价方法的不足,为Web Services设计Analysis of the current Web Services for pricing method for Web Services for insufficient, design 了一种支持QoS的定价方法,这种方案既对使用的带宽进行定价,A support QoS pricing method, this scheme both pricing for use of bandwidth, 还对多维QoS参数进行了考虑,并加入反馈机制对最终服务单元价Also on the multidimensional QoS parameters were considered, and join feedback mechanism for final service unit price 格进行了调整,比其他已有的定价方法在技术、网络、用户和经济Craig has adjusted the pricing method than other existing in technology, network, users and economy 等方面的需求相比有较好的平衡性,对实际应用中Web Services定The needs of a better balance, compared to practical application of Web Services for calm 价方法制定和实现有指导意义。Price method formulation and realize significance. (5)基于Web Services的网络管理架构(5) based on Web Services for network management framework 分析了已有的网络管理架构不能支持网络管理系统间动态协作Analyzed the existing network management structure cannot support network management system dynamic collaboration between 的问题,采用Web Services技术和TNA原则,提出了基于WebProblems, using Web Services for technology and TNA principle, it puts forward based on Web Services的网络管理架构,描述其组成及其运行机制。Services for network management structure, described the composition and running mechanism. 关键词:劝几b服务,网络管理架构,服务质量,SLA模板,业务流Keywords: advised several b service, network management structure, service quality, the SLA templates, traffic 程管理,定价方法Process management, pricing method
.数学符号数学上用Sup这个记号表示“上确界”,即最小上界.inf(数学符号)表示下确界,英文名infimum.对于函数y=f(x),在使f(x)大于等于M成立的所有常数M中,我们把M的最大值max(M)(即函数y=f(x)的最小值)叫做函数y=f(x)的下确界.下确界:在所有那些下界中如果有一个最大的下界,就称之为M的下确界.
二十世纪六十年代,产生了模糊数学这门新兴学科。 模糊数学的产生 现代数学是建立在集合论的基础上。集合论的重要意义就一个侧面看,在与它把数学的抽象能力延伸到人类认识过程的深处。一组对象确定一组属性,人们可以通过说明属性来说明概念(内涵),也可以通过指明对象来说明它。符合概念的那些对象的全体叫做这个概念的外延,外延其实就是集合。从这个意义上讲,集合可以表现概念,而集合论中的关系和运算又可以表现判断和推理,一切现实的理论系统都一可能纳入集合描述的数学框架。 但是,数学的发展也是阶段性的。经典集合论只能把自己的表现力限制在那些有明确外延的概念和事物上,它明确地限定:每个集合都必须由明确的元素构成,元素对集合的隶属关系必须是明确的,决不能模棱两可。对于那些外延不分明的概念和事物,经典集合论是暂时不去反映的,属于待发展的范畴。 在较长时间里,精确数学及随机数学在描述自然界多种事物的运动规律中,获得显著效果。但是,在客观世界中还普遍存在着大量的模糊现象。以前人们回避它,但是,由于现代科技所面对的系统日益复杂,模糊性总是伴随着复杂性出现。 各门学科,尤其是人文、社会学科及其它“软科学”的数学化、定量化趋向把模糊性的数学处理问题推向中心地位。更重要的是,随着电子计算机、控制论、系统科学的迅速发展,要使计算机能像人脑那样对复杂事物具有识别能力,就必须研究和处理模糊性。 我们研究人类系统的行为,或者处理可与人类系统行为相比拟的复杂系统,如航天系统、人脑系统、社会系统等,参数和变量甚多,各种因素相互交错,系统很复杂,它的模糊性也很明显。从认识方面说,模糊性是指概念外延的不确定性,从而造成判断的不确定性。 在日常生活中,经常遇到许多模糊事物,没有分明的数量界限,要使用一些模糊的词句来形容、描述。比如,比较年轻、高个、大胖子、好、漂亮、善、热、远……。在人们的工作经验中,往往也有许多模糊的东西。例如,要确定一炉钢水是否已经炼好,除了要知道钢水的温度、成分比例和冶炼时间等精确信息外,还需要参考钢水颜色、沸腾情况等模糊信息。因此,除了很早就有涉及误差的计算数学之外,还需要模糊数学。 人与计算机相比,一般来说,人脑具有处理模糊信息的能力,善于判断和处理模糊现象。但计算机对模糊现象识别能力较差,为了提高计算机识别模糊现象的能力,就需要把人们常用的模糊语言设计成机器能接受的指令和程序,以便机器能像人脑那样简洁灵活的做出相应的判断,从而提高自动识别和控制模糊现象的效率。这样,就需要寻找一种描述和加工模糊信息的数学工具,这就推动数学家深入研究模糊数学。所以,模糊数学的产生是有其科学技术与数学发展的必然性。 模糊数学的研究内容 1965年,美国控制论专家、数学家查德发表了论文《模糊集合》,标志着模糊数学这门学科的诞生。 模糊数学的研究内容主要有以下三个方面: 第一,研究模糊数学的理论,以及它和精确数学、随机数学的关系。察德以精确数学集合论为基础,并考虑到对数学的集合概念进行修改和推广。他提出用“模糊集合”作为表现模糊事物的数学模型。并在“模糊集合”上逐步建立运算、变换规律,开展有关的理论研究,就有可能构造出研究现实世界中的大量模糊的数学基础,能够对看来相当复杂的模糊系统进行定量的描述和处理的数学方法。 在模糊集合中,给定范围内元素对它的隶属关系不一定只有“是”或“否”两种情况,而是用介于0和1之间的实数来表示隶属程度,还存在中间过渡状态。比如“老人”是个模糊概念,70岁的肯定属于老人,它的从属程度是 1,40岁的人肯定不算老人,它的从属程度为 0,按照查德给出的公式,55岁属于“老”的程度为,即“半老”,60岁属于“老”的程度。查德认为,指明各个元素的隶属集合,就等于指定了一个集合。当隶属于0和1之间值时,就是模糊集合。 第二,研究模糊语言学和模糊逻辑。人类自然语言具有模糊性,人们经常接受模糊语言与模糊信息,并能做出正确的识别和判断。 为了实现用自然语言跟计算机进行直接对话,就必须把人类的语言和思维过程提炼成数学模型,才能给计算机输入指令,建立和是的模糊数学模型,这是运用数学方法的关键。查德采用模糊集合理论来建立模糊语言的数学模型,使人类语言数量化、形式化。 如果我们把合乎语法的标准句子的从属函数值定为1,那么,其他文法稍有错误,但尚能表达相仿的思想的句子,就可以用以0到1之间的连续数来表征它从属于“正确句子”的隶属程度。这样,就把模糊语言进行定量描述,并定出一套运算、变换规则。目前,模糊语言还很不成熟,语言学家正在深入研究。 人们的思维活动常常要求概念的确定性和精确性,采用形式逻辑的排中律,既非真既假,然后进行判断和推理,得出结论。现有的计算机都是建立在二值逻辑基础上的,它在处理客观事物的确定性方面,发挥了巨大的作用,但是却不具备处理事物和概念的不确定性或模糊性的能力。 为了使计算机能够模拟人脑高级智能的特点,就必须把计算机转到多值逻辑基础上,研究模糊逻辑。目前,模糊罗基还很不成熟,尚需继续研究。 第三,研究模糊数学的应用。模糊数学是以不确定性的事物为其研究对象的。模糊集合的出现是数学适应描述复杂事物的需要,查德的功绩在于用模糊集合的理论找到解决模糊性对象加以确切化,从而使研究确定性对象的数学与不确定性对象的数学沟通起来,过去精确数学、随机数学描述感到不足之处,就能得到弥补。在模糊数学中,目前已有模糊拓扑学、模糊群论、模糊图论、模糊概率、模糊语言学、模糊逻辑学等分支。 模糊数学的应用 模糊数学是一门新兴学科,它已初步应用于模糊控制、模糊识别、模糊聚类分析、模糊决策、模糊评判、系统理论、信息检索、医学、生物学等各个方面。在气象、结构力学、控制、心理学等方面已有具体的研究成果。然而模糊数学最重要的应用领域是计算机职能,不少人认为它与新一代计算机的研制有密切的联系。 目前,世界上发达国家正积极研究、试制具有智能化的模糊计算机,1986年日本山川烈博士首次试制成功模糊推理机,它的推理速度是1000万次/秒。1988年,我国汪培庄教授指导的几位博士也研制成功一台模糊推理机——分立元件样机,它的推理速度为1500万次/秒。这表明我国在突破模糊信息处理难关方面迈出了重要的一步。 模糊数学还远没有成熟,对它也还存在着不同的意见和看法,有待实践去检验。
1、模糊数学作为一个新兴的数学分支,使过去那些与数学毫不相关或关系不大的学科(如生物学、心理学、语言学、社会科学等)都有可能用定量化和数学化加以描述和处理,从而显示了强大的生命力和渗透力,使数学的应用范围大大扩展2、模糊数学的研究内容主要有以下三个方面:第一,研究模糊数学的理论,以及它和精确数学、随机数学的关系第二,研究模糊语言学和模糊逻辑。人类自然语言具有模糊性,人们经常接受模糊语言与模糊信息,并能做出正确的识别和判断。第三,研究模糊数学的应用。3、模糊数学的应用 模糊数学是一门新兴学科,它已初步应用于模糊控制、模糊识别、模糊聚类分析、模糊决策、模糊评判、系统理论、信息检索、医学、生物学等各个方面。在气象、结构力学、控制、心理学等方面已有具体的研究成果。然而模糊数学最重要的应用领域是计算机职能,不少人认为它与新一代计算机的研制有密切的联系。
In this Now growing network scale and complexity, the traditional centralized management model has not Can meet the demand of network management, network management study also then distributed management mode to send Exhibition. Web Services for as a new kind of distributed technology, with its excellent characteristics get The broad support, also shows its in network management of good application prospect. This paper Will study Web Services for managing key technology, and how to use the Web Services for skill To solve the current network performed the problems existing in the management structure. This paper studies the Web Services for management quality evaluation, SLA template, business Process management, pricing method and some key technology, and put forward based on Web Services for the nets Management structure, but also achieve treasure-the a prototype system test this structure and key technology. Thesis main To the research content and innovation points as follows: (1) the three-dimensional QoS model based on fuzzy evaluation method Web Services for quality Analyzes the Web Services for service quality requirements, as well as the existing service quality evaluation square Mud, suitable scope of sichuan, according to the limitations of Web Services for quality attributes puts forward Web Services for stereo QoS model, and puts forward some key quality indexes of quantitative definition, On the basis of fuzzy algorithm fuzzy mathematics designed Web Services for quality mould Paste evaluation method, guiding Web Services for life cycle service selection, real-time monitoring, Management and billing and so on various stages of quality evaluation applications. (2) the SLA template based on Web Services for representation Analyzed the existing SLA template existence of problems, such as lack of unified information model, SLA elements not clear about, the meaning of the template cannot reusing existing definition, cannot realize flexible And the SLA management etc, automation, aiming at the above problems is proposed based on Web Services for SLA template to support representation of Web Services for given shape modeling SLA well Masquerading expression methods, and puts forward the SLA lifecycle management model. (3) based on SLA Web Services for business process management Analysis of the current Web Services for business process management method and its shortcomings, for the Web Services for proposed based on SLA business process management methods: basic Web Services for system structure based on the SLA information and role from business model and extended Three different roles in the view makes detailed description; Then reference NGOSS In the "direct" eTOM vertical analysis, this paper puts forward the way business management model. And adopt Use "total life cycle" level analysis, defines the way with a feedback mechanism of the closed-loop Business process. (4) support QoS Web Services for pricing method Analysis of the current Web Services for pricing method for Web Services for insufficient, design A support QoS pricing method, this scheme both pricing for use of bandwidth, Also on the multidimensional QoS parameters were considered, and join feedback mechanism for final service unit price Craig has adjusted the pricing method than other existing in technology, network, users and economy The needs of a better balance, compared to practical application of Web Services for calm Price method formulation and realize significance. (5) based on Web Services for network management framework Analyzed the existing network management structure cannot support network management system dynamic collaboration between Problems, using Web Services for technology and TNA principle, it puts forward based on Web Services for network management structure, described the composition and running mechanism. Keywords: advised several b service, network management structure, service quality, the SLA templates, traffic Process management, pricing method
fuzzy mathematics
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