肾组织学结构研究进展论文

肾脏最重要的功能就是形成尿液。首先要知道肾小球的结构，肾门处的动脉进入肾实质后，经分枝逐渐分成许多条细小动脉，然后与肾小球相连，用显微镜看肾小球，它是一个由很多很细的血管即毛细血管组成的，再用电镜看这些毛细血管，它上面有许多孔洞，就象筛网一样。当血流经过肾动脉，进入肾小球时，体积大的成分，如红细胞、白细胞、血小板、蛋白质等，因不能通过这些筛孔，所以仍留在血管内，重新返回体内；而体积小的成分，如水分、钠、氯、尿素、糖等，就通过这些筛孔滤出，流进肾小管内，此时滤出的液体叫作原尿。原尿里面含有许多营养成分，如糖、氨基酸等，当它流经肾小管时，这些营养成分就被全部重新吸收入体内，水分99%也被吸收，此时只剩余机体的代谢废物和很少的水分，它们就形成了尿液。尿液进入肾盂后，再经过输尿管流入膀胱，当潴留到一定量时，就被排出体外。人体每个肾脏约有130万个肾小球，它每天滤出原尿约180升，形成尿液大约升，这里面含有机体代谢的废物。

肾单位是组成肾脏的结构和功能的基本单位,包括肾小体和肾小管。每个肾脏约有...原尿经过肾小管与集合管的选择性重吸收,大约99%的水分以及一些对机体有用的

当血液流经肾小球时，除了血细胞和大分子的蛋白质外，其他的如水、无机盐、尿素、葡萄糖会滤过到肾小囊腔形成原尿。

当原尿流经肾小管时，其中大部分水、部分无机盐和全部的葡萄糖被重新吸收回血液，而剩下的如尿素、一部分无机盐和水构成了尿液的成分。因此，尿液的形成过程主要包括肾小球和肾小囊内壁的滤过作用以及肾小管的重吸收作用。

扩展资料：

肾位于脊柱两侧，紧贴腹后壁，居腹膜后方。左肾上端平第11胸椎下缘，下端平2腰椎下缘。右肾比左肾低半个椎体。左侧第12肋斜过左肾后面的中部，右侧第12肋斜过右肾后面的上部。

肾脏为成对的蚕豆状器官，位于腹膜后脊柱两旁浅窝中。约长10-12厘米、宽5-6厘米、厚3-4厘米、重120-150克；左肾较右肾稍大，肾纵轴上端向内、下端向外，因此两肾上极相距较近，下极较远，肾纵轴与脊柱所成角度为30度左右。

肾为暗红色实质性器官，形似蚕豆。肾表面光滑，可分为上、下两端，前、后两面，内、外侧两缘。

参考资料来源：百度百科——肾

Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of ：1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E group: beneficial United kidney soup benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group 8, together with the A Group of 5 . Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs . The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity , loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; Chinese Medicines large mouse performance and a similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark . Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still higher than sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference ( P> ).3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ).4. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissues, with the Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.