提高英文科技论文阅读水平有助于提高科学技术的创新水平。本文结合科技英语教学中的实例分析了多种语法衔接和词汇衔接方法，利用多种衔接方法提高英文科技论文阅读水平。
科学技术是第一生产力，科学技术的创新离不开科技论文。通常人们将科技会议论文和科技期刊论文统称为科技论文。科技论文按写作语言的不同可分为中文科技论文和外文科技论文。外文科技论文以英文科技论文为主。英文科技论文比中文科技论文的数量多。众多的科研成果以英文科技论文形式发表，因此很有必要提高英文科技论文的阅读水平。
科技论文与科普文章不同。科普文章是写给公众看的，它具有一定的文学性和艺术性。科技论文是写给同行专家看的，它具有很强的逻辑性。科技论文的逻辑性在文字上表现为句子之间的衔接十分紧密，因此掌握句子之间的各种衔接方法有助于提高英文科技论文的阅读水平。
1 语法衔接
语法衔接包括省略、替代、照应和连接等多种方法，这些方法有助于增强英文科技论文的逻辑性和连贯性。
(1) Computers exist in a wide range of sizes and power. (2) The smallest are embedded within the circuitry of appliances， such as televisions and wrist watches.
句(2)中The smallest后面省略了在上文句(1)中已经出现的computers。采用省略的衔接方法避免了在句(2)中重复出现computers，突出了句(2)中的新信息“The smallest”，使得句子之间更加紧凑。
(3) Laptop computers and PCs are typically used in businesses and at home to communicate on computer networks， for word processing， to track finances， and to play games.
(4) They have large amounts of internal memory to store hundreds of programs and documents.
(5) In 1975， Gates and Paul Allen collaborated on the first version of the BASIC programming language.
(6) This led to the formation of Microsoft in Albuquerque， New Mexico， in the same year.
句(4)用人称代词They指上文句(3)中的Laptop computers and PCs，用人称代词起到照应的作用。句(6)用指示代词This指前面In 1975， Gates and Paul Allen collaborated on the first version of the BASIC programming language整个句子所表达的意思，用指示代词起到照应的作用。这种照应的衔接方法使得科技论文更加简洁，表达的意思更加清晰。
(7) A laser used with the erbium-doped fiber can then be triggered without first having to convert weakened light pulses into electrical signals.
(8) As a result， with no intervening optical / electronic conversions to slow down transmissions， fibers can carry more information in the form of higher speed signals.
句(8)中的As a result表示句(7) 与句(8)之间是一种因果关系。还有一些过渡性的词语可以表示转折、时间、条件和因果等逻辑关系。掌握起衔接作用的过渡性词语，有助于把握科技论文的内在逻辑。
2词汇衔接
为了进一步增强英文科技论文的逻辑性和连贯性。英文科技论文除了应用语法衔接的方法，还大量使用词汇衔接的方法。词汇衔接包括重复、同义、反义、上下义等多种方法。
(9) The secret to perfect timing is to make an extra satellite measurement.
(10) If three perfect measurements can locate a point in 3-dimensional space， then four imperfect measurements can do the same thing.
句(9)中出现了measurement(单数形式)，句(10)中又重复出现了measurements(复数形式)，这种词汇重复方法不但使得两个句子更加紧密，而且突出了论文要表达的重要信息(measurement)。
(11) If everything were perfect (i.e. if our receiver’s clocks were perfect) then all of our satellite ranges would intersect at a single point (which is our position).
(12) But with imperfect clocks， a fourth measurement， done as a cross-check， will NOT intersect with the first three.
(13) Funding such an immense project would cost more than $230 billion over several decades.
(14) To make this investment economically feasible， phone companies want new laws that would let them supply programming as well as carry it for other companies.
(15) Some cable-TV companies， broadcasters， (下转第79页)(上接第74页)and publishers strongly oppose the entry of such powerful competitors.
(11)中的perfect与句(12)中的imperfect是一对反义词，利用反义词衔接两个句子，起到了强烈的对比作用。句(13)中的Funding与句(14)中的investment是一对同义词，利用同义词衔接两个句子，不但可以避免用词过于单调，还可以起到了强化同义词所表达意思的作用。句(14)与句(15)利用上下义词衔接两个句子，句(14)中的companies是个上义词，它抽象地指公司，句(15)中的cable-TV companies， broadcasters和 publishers是下义词，它们具体指有线电视公司、广播公司和出版商。
熟练掌握各种衔接方法，有助于把握科技论文的内在逻辑性，并快速准确地获取英文科技论文所包含的信息，达到提高英文科技论文阅读水平的目的。
作者：万新旺 来源：科教导刊·电子版 2013年17期
