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可惜啊！偶不会…
The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding errors1. irrtumslehreLegal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or misunderstandings. Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or punishment. Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually occurs.（1）Imaginary innocent treatment principleThe principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately elements. Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:1）Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have understanding. Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui reason." Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig".2）Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility theory. Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conduct, is considered to be objective stance. 3）That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding illegality. While in China mainland, the introduction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already meaningless. Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is harm. Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social consciousness. Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society values. Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and observe. Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already know. With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are unified. Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately discretion. （2） Misunderstandings treatment principle. PunishmentWe might as well so the essence of blame for his due: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence performance. If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider disclaimer. Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not inexcusable. Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in shake. Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of humanity. In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement actor. The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but . The fact mistakeThat mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong understanding. From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:（1） Object irrtumslehreThe object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error object. It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime object. The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects different. Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not consistent. Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the crime. For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was wounded. A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the object. Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing together. This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted ）Object mistakeObjects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object irrtumslehre. These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre irrtumslehre. In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same situation. This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal responsibility. As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a rap. This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the ） Behavior irrtumslehreBehavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature irrtumslehre. That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary defense. Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect crime. Second, the behavior tools (methods) irrtumslehre. That person to use when the conduct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to succeed. And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party and. Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu itself. The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide accomplishment. The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, accomplished. Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of )Causality irrtumslehreCausality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between errors. Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened actor. This generally constitute a crime. Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime accomplishment. Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime accomplishment. In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a crime. In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceduresDomestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:（1）For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,（2）The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。（3）Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that：1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into our. 2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, reduce plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory category. 3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to law. Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the mistake. From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often difficult. If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to prove. Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to handle. Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is established. From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the law.
law and order是个固定词组，中文解释即：法律与秩序(右派针对犯罪与暴力所提出的口号)“与”字有和之意，所以按此题目故而应写两者。中国具有代表性的计划生育就是一个很好的素材，不过要是从这两者下笔，我认为从中国法律的历史来写更容易些。以上只是个人见解，希望能对你有所帮助。
奇怪的是,最终的观点,这种思维方式往往是最现代化的发展,公司法律,旨在为永久的需要,不含任何继承它很有特色的罗马人,无遗嘱继承是被迫背景正常的演替,罗马人发明的,如果曾有过一个不,可以肯定的是,在成熟的罗马法的痕迹更早的工作性质是家庭财产,但从一个退出ealy日期死亡显然是作为一种catstrophe,必须事先规定的,它被认为是自然地放弃对变化的财产和其他权利。每件事物开始重新用意志;它很有特色,虽然了不起,这在遗嘱继承这个假定的标题的继承人,开始管理通常不被自动,但依靠一些行为的继承人。 你不需要劳动合同关系的点《合同法》中明显存在,以便于改变事实上,它是为这个原因,一般发展晚在合同法律制度它不是很晚于罗马法到目前为止,我们的记录中检测一段不合法的历史Romsn时,它是不可能的,一个人将他由一个极其简单的形式来做几乎都可能进入他的脑袋唯一的限制是相类似的,现代法的合同,防止是非法的,不道德的,还是反对公共政策的. 罗马法相比,甚至更自由,现代法没有阻止一个人从销售自己成为奴隶。 我们怎样说法则的黑社会性质组织犯罪或侵权行为它是一种必要的任何法律体系的一部分…人们必须行动来保护自己的aggressions取款机的其他人,这种行为不能被逼入背景在任何法律论文但这并不完全是令人惊讶的是,不规律的运动,它并没有带来最好的努力,并在法学家的某些显著的发展》、《保留了许多非常原始特征黑社会性质组织犯罪和总的来说是最令人满意的一部分,因为至少阐述了罗马私法。 法律的行为实质上是通过一项法律,再告诉你如何在某些circumstancees如果事情出了差错,他们不会对自己…你有什么事物,也就是说,但你可能不愿意,你必须接受的必要性,探讨了一些改变,如果只有方式反应,以恢复原来的位置。
求一篇经济法商业秘密的法律保护有关的毕业论 不知道,肯定关键的确
什么要求呢，要多少字数啊
O. J. Simpson murder case辛普森杀妻案The O. J. Simpson murder case has been described as the most publicized criminal trial in history,[1] in which O. J. Simpson, former American football star and actor, was brought to trial for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. Simpson was acquitted in 1995 after a lengthy trial, the longest jury trial in California history.[2]Simpson hired a high-profile defense team led by Johnnie Cochran and F. Lee Bailey. Los Angeles County believed it had a solid prosecution case, but Cochran created in the minds of the jury the belief that there was reasonable doubt about the DNA evidence (then a relatively new type of evidence in trials),[3] including that the blood-sample evidence had allegedly been mishandled by lab scientists and technicians.[4] Cochran and the defense team also alleged other misconduct by the Los Angeles Police Department. The televising of the lengthy trial riveted national attention on the dramatic case. By the end of the criminal trial, national surveys showed dramatic differences between most blacks and most whites in terms of their assessment of Simpson's guilt.[5]Later, both the Brown and Goldman families sued Simpson for damages in a civil trial, which has a lower standard of proof for determining responsibility.[citation needed] On February 5, 1997, the jury unanimously found there was a preponderance of evidence to find Simpson liable for damages in the wrongful death of Goldman and battery of Brown. In its conclusions, the jury effectively found Simpson liable for the death of his ex-wife and Ron Goldman.[6] On February 21, 2008, a Los Angeles court upheld a renewal of the civil judgment against him.这个案子很经典，上面的一段是wiki上的英文案例，你可以找一些关于这个的中文资料，然后选择一个角度（比如种族歧视与陪审团制度的矛盾、毒树之果原则、媒体和舆论与司法公正的矛盾等等），或者一篇参考的中文文章（很多中国的法律人也会研究这个案子，发表一些观点），自己写或者翻译一篇英文论文出来就是了。下面引用一段英文资料，有个人在提问，为什么法院在刑事诉讼中判决辛普森无罪，但是在民事诉讼中又判决他赔偿自己妻子死亡赔偿金。 Jeralyn Merritt对这个问题进行了简略的回答。我想你大一的论文，字数要求不会太多，所以参考一下他这段答复吧。如果字数不够就把上面wiki的资料加一些进去,简单的交待一下案情。Q. I am a high school government student, and I have a question that has been bothering me that my teacher refuses to answer. In the . Simpson case I know that the state jury did not find him guilty on the charge of murder, but the federal court did on the charge of wrongful death. What is the difference and why were they able to do that? -- Geni A. . Simpson was charged with first degree murder in the state court in California. The jury found him "Not Guilty." A "not guilty" verdict means the state failed to prove the charges "beyond a reasonable doubt", which is the standard of proof in all criminal prosecutions. Criminal cases are brought on behalf of the citizens of a particular state or federal district, not by the victims or their . Simpson was found not guilty in the criminal case, the families of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman sued him in the state (not federal) court in California for wrongfully causing their deaths. Civil lawsuits for wrongful death are tried for money damages, not to put the defendant in prison. Civil cases are brought in the name of individuals, not in the name of the evidence was introduced in the . Simpson civil and criminal trials. For example, although . Simpson denied it, evidence was presented in the civil trial that . Simpson owned a pair of Bruno Magli shoes that matched shoeprints left at the murder . Simpson exercised his constitutional right against self-incrimination and chose not to testify in the criminal trial. All defendants in criminal cases have this right. In the civil trial, . no longer had such a right because he had been found not guilty of murder and could not be tried again for it. He had to testify when the opposing side called him as a witness. Thus, the jury in the civil case got to hear 's testimony while the criminal jury did the criminal case, the jury got to see that the glove left at the scene of the crime did not fit . Simpson. This experiment was not repeated for the civil jury. The jury in the criminal trial got a far stronger portrayal of the problems with the DNA and other scientific evidence in the case, and the poor management of the crime scene, than did the civil jury. And the criminal jury got to hear the false testimony of Los Angeles police officer Mark Furman, who later admitted lying and pleaded guilty to , the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases is different. In criminal cases, the standard is "proof beyond a reasonable doubt." There is also a presumption of innocence that stays with the defendant until and unless the jury returns a guilty verdict. In civil cases, the standard of proof is "by a preponderance of the evidence," which essentially means "more likely than not," or put another way, proof by 51% or jury's verdict in the civil case was not that . Simpson was guilty of murder, but that he was liable for (which essentially means responsible for causing) the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron light of the different evidence presented, burdens of proof and ultimate issues the juries were called upon to decide, the verdicts in the criminal and civil trials were not really all that inconsistent. -- Jeralyn Merritt
通常英语专业毕业从事法律工作的，一般都是做法律文件的翻译，如果同时有法律背景的，一般就是做法律文件英文版本的起草。所以，如果你没有法律教育背景，建议还是从“如何做好法律文件的翻译”的某一个题目去写。比如，法律文件翻译和一般文件翻译的不同之处什么的。。希望对你有帮助。
law and order是个固定词组，中文解释即：法律与秩序(右派针对犯罪与暴力所提出的口号)“与”字有和之意，所以按此题目故而应写两者。中国具有代表性的计划生育就是一个很好的素材，不过要是从这两者下笔，我认为从中国法律的历史来写更容易些。以上只是个人见解，希望能对你有所帮助。
2012年02月13日 09时00分，《英语资源网:英语论文：法律英语的汉译[1]》由英语我整理. 摘要: 法律英语有其独特特征,表现为用词正式庄重,句式复杂冗长,篇章结构规范严谨。本文从“功能对等”理论出发,结合其文体特征,在分析其遣词造句和篇章特点的基础上,探讨如何实现法律英语汉译的“功能对等”。 关键词:尤金?奈达 功能对等 法律英语 一、引言 刘宓庆认为,法律文书即狭义上的公文文体;贾文波将法律文书归类为经贸文体;而吕俊等人则认为法律文书属于专门用途文体。尽管看法不一,但都强调了法律语言的特殊性,即:用词准确规范,句子长且复杂,语篇结构严谨。奈达提出“功能对等”翻译原则。论文论文参考网他强调在语言的诸多功能中信息功能最为重要,认为翻译应追求一种“共同语言”,使得译文读者能够以原文读者理解和欣赏原文的方式理解和欣赏译文文本。因此法律文本的译者不仅要熟悉原语和目的语的法律术语和文体特点,还要对这两种语言的词汇、句法以及语篇有深刻的认识,从而达到翻译的“功能对等”。 二、法律英语的功能对等汉译 (一)语言特征下的功能对等汉译 1.法律词汇 法律英语用词正式庄重。它有许多专业词汇,使用古体词和外来词,一些普通词有其特殊的法律意义。译者应遵循语言“规范化”,即使用官方认可的规范化语言,也应在两种语言中建立完全对等的语义关系,以找到等价术语。译者还需注重语言的“一致性”,即一个术语在同一个语篇中只用一个表达。 2.法律词组 法律文本经常使用近义词,近义词组rectify,amend or modify体现了法律语言“准确性”特征,译为校正、修改和修正。法律英语也常使用大量的同义词来表达同一概念的现象。这些同义词组只表达一个含义,如fair and equitable(合理的)。译者应遵循“精炼性”,做到精练准确。 3.动词名词化 动词名词化在法律英语中较普遍。汉语是动词占优势的语言,所以英译汉时应将名词翻译为动词,以符合汉语表达方式。如:The obligations under Articles 3 and 4 do not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.划线部分应译为动词:获得和维护。 4.情态动词 法律英语中使用大量情态动词,如shall和may。shall的使用表现出立法成员的强烈意志,具有强制性,通常译为应该、必须,但在翻译时注重其“规约性”,把这种强制的语气表达出即可。 5.模糊语言 法律文书有时须使用意义模糊灵活的词语去准确表达法律概念或事实。如:necessary,as early as possible等,可译为:所需和尽早,这些词是对无法量定的情况进行限制概括,体现了法律的“科学性”。 (二)句式特征下的功能对等汉译 法律英语句式复杂冗长。刘宓庆将长句翻译分六步:紧缩主干、辨析词义、区分主从、捋清层次、调整搭配及润饰词语。通过庖丁解牛,分析句子逻辑关系和语义关系,理解句子的各成分之间的关系,并用符合中文的表达方式进行翻译,译者方可达到翻译的“功能对等”。如: China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws,regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods,services,TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and,after publication of its laws,regulations or other measures in such journal,shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented,except for those laws,regulations and other measures involving national security,specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or m
1、TPR教学法在小学英语教学中的实际使用情况 ——以XX学校为例2、词块理论在高中英语写作教学中的应用研究3、初中生英语写作中常见的错误分析及对策研究4、针对“00后”学生特点的初中英语个性化教学研究5、母语负迁移对高中英语写作教学的启示——以XX中学为例6、学习者个体差异对初中生英语听力的影响——以XX中学为例
应该参考教育方面的吧，教育进展等的
LAW AND ORDER 可以在某种意义上理解为 法 与 治。法治国家 翻译过来就是 a country under the rule of law－法律统治的国家。法律统治的国家，国家里面的人与人会有ORDER, 但是在中国历史上，却更多的是人治－君主统治的国家，国家里面的人与人也会有ORDER。问题出现了，你现在的题目是LAW AND ORDER 而不是 KING AND ORDER. 所以这篇论文你可以将题目作为一个整体，然后从这2者的殊同来立意。最终通过这样一种对比来阐释LAW AND ORDER。这样我觉得题材比较丰富。为什么？ 因为你写的是中国，中国进入近代社会在法律范畴内研究最多的便是中国历史的法治与人治，从西周的“明德慎罚”思想到孔子的“为政以德”思想，“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之”，再到民国 “东学西渐” 民主思想。中国的历史太多的素材可以挖掘。 这紧紧是我的一个思想，希望能开拓你的写作思维。
The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding errors1. irrtumslehreLegal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or misunderstandings. Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or punishment. Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually occurs.（1）Imaginary innocent treatment principleThe principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately elements. Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:1）Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have understanding. Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui reason." Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig".2）Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility theory. Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conduct, is considered to be objective stance. 3）That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding illegality. While in China mainland, the introduction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already meaningless. Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is harm. Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social consciousness. Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society values. Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and observe. Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already know. With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are unified. Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately discretion. （2） Misunderstandings treatment principle. PunishmentWe might as well so the essence of blame for his due: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence performance. If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider disclaimer. Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not inexcusable. Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in shake. Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of humanity. In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement actor. The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but . The fact mistakeThat mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong understanding. From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:（1） Object irrtumslehreThe object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error object. It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime object. The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects different. Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not consistent. Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the crime. For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was wounded. A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the object. Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing together. This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted ）Object mistakeObjects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object irrtumslehre. These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre irrtumslehre. In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same situation. This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal responsibility. As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a rap. This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the ） Behavior irrtumslehreBehavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature irrtumslehre. That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary defense. Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect crime. Second, the behavior tools (methods) irrtumslehre. That person to use when the conduct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to succeed. And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party and. Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu itself. The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide accomplishment. The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, accomplished. Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of )Causality irrtumslehreCausality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between errors. Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened actor. This generally constitute a crime. Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime accomplishment. Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime accomplishment. In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a crime. In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceduresDomestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:（1）For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,（2）The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。（3）Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that：1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into our. 2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, reduce plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory category. 3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to law. Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the mistake. From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often difficult. If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to prove. Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to handle. Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is established. From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the law.
通常英语专业毕业从事法律工作的，一般都是做法律文件的翻译，如果同时有法律背景的，一般就是做法律文件英文版本的起草。所以，如果你没有法律教育背景，建议还是从“如何做好法律文件的翻译”的某一个题目去写。比如，法律文件翻译和一般文件翻译的不同之处什么的。。希望对你有帮助。
你的法律专业论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。 （一）选题毕业论文（设计）题目应符合本专业的培养目标和教学要求，具有综合性和创新性。本科生要根据自己的实际情况和专业特长，选择适当的论文题目，但所写论文要与本专业所学课程有关。（二）查阅资料、列出论文提纲题目选定后，要在指导教师指导下开展调研和进行实验，搜集、查阅有关资料，进行加工、提炼，然后列出详细的写作提纲。（三）完成初稿根据所列提纲，按指导教师的意见认真完成初稿。（四）定稿初稿须经指导教师审阅，并按其意见和要求进行修改，然后定稿。一般毕业论文题目的选择最好不要太泛，越具体越好，而且老师希望学生能结合自己学过的知识对问题进行分析和解决。不知道你是否确定了选题，确定选题了接下来你需要根据选题去查阅前辈们的相关论文，看看人家是怎么规划论文整体框架的；其次就是需要自己动手收集资料了，进而整理和分析资料得出自己的论文框架；最后就是按照框架去组织论文了。你如果需要什么参考资料和范文我可以提供给你。还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利毕业论文选题的方法: 一、尽快确定毕业论文的选题方向 在毕业论文工作布置后,每个人都应遵循选题的基本原则,在 较短的时间内把选题的方向确定下来。从毕业论文题目的性质来看,基本上可以分为两大类:一类 是社会主义现代化建设实践中提出的理论和实际问题;另一类是专业学科本身发展中存在的基本范 畴和基本理论问题。大学生应根据自己的志趣和爱好,尽快从上述两大类中确定一个方向。二、在初步调查研究的基础上选定毕业论文的具体题目在选题的方向确定以后,还要经过一定的 调查和研究,来进一步确定选题的范围,以至最后选定具体题目。下面介绍两种常见的选题方法。 浏览捕捉法 :这种方法就是通过对占有的文献资料快速地、大量地阅读,在比较中来确定 论文题目地方法。浏览,一般是在资料占有达到一定数量时集中一段时间进行,这样便于对资料作 集中的比较和鉴别。浏览的目的是在咀嚼消化已有资料的过程中,提出问题,寻找自己的研究课 题。这就需要对收集到的材料作一全面的阅读研究,主要的、次要的、不同角度的、不同观点的都 应了解,不能看了一些资料,有了一点看法,就到此为止,急于动笔。也不能“先入为主”,以自己头 脑中原有的观点或看了第一篇资料后得到的看法去决定取舍。而应冷静地、客观地对所有资料作 认真的分析思考。在浩如烟海,内容丰富的资料中吸取营养,反复思考琢磨许多时候之后,必然会有 所发现,这是搞科学研究的人时常会碰到的情形。 浏览捕捉法一般可按以下步骤进行: 第一步,广 泛地浏览资料。在浏览中要注意勤作笔录,随时记下资料的纲目,记下资料中对自己影响最深刻的 观点、论据、论证方法等,记下脑海中涌现的点滴体会。当然,手抄笔录并不等于有言必录,有文必 录,而是要做细心的选择,有目的、有重点地摘录,当详则详,当略则略,一些相同的或类似的观点和 材料则不必重复摘录,只需记下资料来源及页码就行,以避免浪费时间和精力。 第二步,是将阅读 所得到的方方面面的内容,进行分类、排列、组合,从中寻找问题、发现问题,材料可按纲目分类,如 分成: 系统介绍有关问题研究发展概况的资料; 对某一个问题研究情况的资料; 对同一问题几种 不同观点的资料; 对某一问题研究最新的资料和成果等等。 第三步,将自己在研究中的体会与资料分别加以比较,找出哪些体会在资料中没有或部分没有;哪些体会虽然资料已有,但自己对此有不 同看法;哪些体会和资料是基本一致的;哪些体会是在资料基础上的深化和发挥等等。经过几番深 思熟虑的思考过程,就容易萌生自己的想法。把这种想法及时捕捉住,再作进一步的思考,选题的目 标也就会渐渐明确起来。
提供一些法律专科毕业论文的题目，供参考。 1、浅谈现行《收养法》的缺陷与完善 2、论代位继承 3、论无效婚姻 4、家庭暴力的现状与对策 5、论行政赔偿的追偿制度 6、论行政处罚中的若问题 7、论行政诉讼中的举证责任 8、论行政诉讼的受案范围 9、论公民权利义务的一致性 10、关于单位犯罪的若问题 11、试论自首和立功制度的把握与适用 12、论黑社会性质的组织犯罪 13、关于共同犯罪问题的理解与适用 14、论上诉不加刑 15、法律权利与义务的关系 16、论社会主义民主与法制的关系 18、关于社会保障方面的法律问题 19、国有资产流失及其法律对策 20、试述国有独资公司性质、特点及适用范围 21、论律师辩护工作的任务和主要业务 22、论民事法律责任的目的、功能与归责的基本原则 23、浅析不安抗辩权和预期违约 24、论非法收集的证据的效力 25、动产抵押若问题研究 26、浅论缔约过失责任 27、完善民事诉讼回避制度的若思考 28、民事证据规则的新突破 29、债的抵销之处理 30、产品责任的民事责任性质剖析 31、论债权人撤销权的性质及撤销之诉的当事人 32、试论我国新《婚姻法》中的夫妻财产制度问题 33、融资租赁与借款合同之比较研究 34、试论反不正当竞争法与消费者权益保护法的关系 35、论未成年人的作证能力
一个好的英语专业论文题目既是指定一个研究的方向，也是一个新的学习领域。你会像一叶小舟，尽情游弋在知识的海洋中。下面我给大家带来2022英语专业各方向论文题目参考，希望能帮助到大家!
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★ 英语专业毕业论文题目 ★
★ 英语教学法论文题目 ★
★ 毕业论文答辩发言稿 ★
★ 大学毕业论文评语 ★
中学英语论文题目参考
1、中学英语课堂互动教学的策略研究
2、论中学英语课堂有效教学目标的设置
3、浅谈中学英语词汇教学
4、中学英语教学中“跨 文化 意识”的缺失及对策
5、浅谈中学英语课堂中的母语文化教学
6、农村初中英语教师专业能力调查研究--以福建漳州某农村中学为例
7、论中学英语教学中学生的口语表达能力
8、中学英语课堂有效提问的基本原则
9、中学英语教学中运用现代信息技术的原则探析
10、角色换位法在中学英语课堂教学中的实施
11、能力导向的中学英语课堂教学模式及策略探究
12、中学英语教学与交互式电子白板整合应用研究
13、农村初中学困生英语厌学心理初探
14、浅谈中学英语 教育 学科目标
15、浅析中学英语教学中语言学习策略的训练
16、中学英语教学跨文化意识培养分析
17、中学英语教师必备素质研究
18、口语能力提升与中学英语教学
19、优化中学 英语阅读 教学的实践研究
20、从传播学角度看中学英语教育对实用 英语学习 的影响
21、中学 英语口语 教学 方法 探索
22、浅谈如何提高中学英语阅读水平
23、浅议如何提高农村中学“学困生”英语学习兴趣
24、浅谈中学英语语法填空的解题技巧
25、论高效中学英语教学模式的构建
26、中学英语校本课程的开发与探索
27、中学 英语写作 教学的动态评估体系建构
28、中学英语课堂教学中要体现人文关怀
29、基于语料库的中学英语学习者写作句法复杂性变化研究
30、中学英语课堂中发散性思维的培养与应用
31、文化生态视域下英语教师学历与能力应和谐统一--基于海南民族地区中学英语师资结构的调查 报告
32、探究中学英语有效阅读的教法
33、关于中学英语阅读教学维度的思考
34、农村中学英语课堂评价策略
35、中学英语教学中文化因素的作用
36、朝鲜族中学英语教学情境创设探究
37、生态教学环境下农村中学英语教师专业化发展的思考
38、浅谈中学英语中常见的修辞方法
39、河南省中学英语教师职前阶段专业知识的建构
40、提高中学 英语单词 教学有效性的策略探析
41、小说素材在中学英语教学中的有效教学途径探究
42、基于交互模式的中学英语语法教学研究
43、谈中学英语教学中的“生态课堂”
44、浅谈多媒体应用在中学英语教学中的优越性
45、基于概念整合理论的中学英语中介语整合模式研究
46、中学英语教学中教具的恰当选择
47、浅谈中学英语翻译的技巧
48、走出中学英语教学中多媒体运用的误区
49、中学英语兴趣教学的新途径分析
50、试论中学英语课堂教学评价的有效构建
前沿学术英语论文题目参考
1、浅议系统功能语言学理论指导下的英语专业学术论文摘要的翻译
2、“教学学术”视角下开放大学英语教师专业发展的思考
3、课程生态需求分析模式下的“学术英语”课程定位
4、CBI理论视域下学术英语读写教学研究
5、基于微课的通用学术英语写作课翻转课堂教学模式设计与实践
6、基于课堂读写任务的学术英语写作引用特征研究
7、基于语类的英语学术论文写作教学路径研究--以“文献综述”写作教学为例
8、基于需求分析学术英语教学模式
9、学术英语阅读能力的界定与培养
10、学术英语的词块教学法研究
11、英语专业本科 毕业 论文学术失范现象的成因与对策
12、浅析批判性思维下大学学术英语课程模块的构建
13、关于中文学术期刊使用英语的规范性问题
14、医学学术英语口语课程构建的探索
15、学术英语写作中词汇衔接探究
16、学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究
17、浅探理工院校学术英语改革实践
18、学术论文写作中的英语负迁移现象研究
19、学术英语写作教学体系的构建与实践
20、学术英语口头报告对批判性思维的影响探究
21、“学术读写素养”范式与学术英语写作课程设计
22、中国高校学术英语存在理论依据探索
23、学术英语教育对大学生就业的影响研究
24、学术道德教育和学术英语能力一体化培养
25、非英语专业研究生学术英语交际能力现状与对策研究--以延安大学为例
26、关于研究生学术英语教学定位研究
27、理工科学术英语视野下的批判性思维能力培植
28、面向学术英语的实验平台建构与探索
29、学术英语有效教学
30、学术英语写作课程环境下的写前计划效应探究
31、元话语视角下英语学术论文中的转述动词与语类结构研究
32、基于自建语料库的学术英语中语块结构的研究
33、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型问题的对策研究
34、跨文化背景下的中西方英语学术论文写作差异
35、学术英语背景下的大学英语听说教学
36、农学 专业英语 学术词汇概念的区别及释义
37、专门用途英语学术词表创建研究--以航海英语为例
38、基于语料库的学术英语写作教学研究
39、英语专业本科生学术诚信教育的实现路径
40、谈从通用英语向学术英语转型的必要性
41、面向学术英语教改的大学英语教师专业发展方向与路径研究
42、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型--问题和对策研究
43、学术英语写作的语言风格探究
44、学术英语写作的专属性
45、大学英语转型背景下“学术英语”课程模块的构建
46、从中外合作大学学术英语教学看大学英语教学改革--以西交利物浦大学为例
47、理工科研究生英语学术写作困难研究
48、医学本科生英语学习中学术阅读的质性调查研究
49、学术论文中英语本族语者与非本族语者的元话语比较分析
50、整合研究生英语能力和学术能力的项目式教学模式
金融英语 论文题目
1、金融英语课程教学改革探析
2、金融英语词汇的语义变迁探析
3、浅析微课在金融英语口语教学中的应用
4、金融英语的语言特点及翻译策略
5、高职院校金融英语教学现状分析及对策研究
6、刍议应用型本科院校金融英语教学改革研究
7、转型期高职英语应用型人才培养模式研究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例
8、金融英语与金融全球化竞争
9、高职专科类金融专业英语教学研究
10、概念整合理论视角下的金融英语词汇学习-以金融术语为例
11、基于语料库的英语经济语篇中隐喻的研究--以金融危机报道为例
12、高职高专金融英语教学现状及对策探究
13、 商务英语 专业学生的词块学习与教学策略研究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例
14、基于福建绿色经济的发展研发金融英语校本课程探究
15、金融英语词汇的特点及其翻译
16、金融转型背景下从业人员岗位英语能力强化路径探索
17、金融英语的词性转换研究
18、浅析以多模态理论为基础的金融英语教学
19、金融英语教学策略创新与金融双语教学共生性研究
20、翻译生态环境视角下金融英语新闻的汉译研究
21、高职院校中外合作办学项目英语教学探究--以长春金融高等专科学校为例
22、高职 英语文化 教育提升学生人文素质的策略探究--以辽宁金融职业学院为例
23、金融英语术语汉英翻译研究
24、专业人才培养视阈下的金融英语教学探究
25、国际化就业环境下的金融英语应用模式研究
26、对等理论观照下金融英语隐喻翻译的喻体形象取舍策略
27、基于ESP理论的金融英语教学改革初探
28、浅谈金融英语翻译基本特点
29、基于平行双语语料库金融英语翻译课程教学模式探索
30、多媒体网络环境下金融英语教学模式探析
31、语境在金融英语词汇教学中的应用探析
32、形成性评价在大学英语拓展课程中的应用初探--以金融英语视听说为例
33、金融学专业金融英语教学实践的探索
34、金融英语词汇特征浅析
35、金融英语汉译技巧探究
36、独立学院大学英语教学模式与策略探究--以某大学商学院为例
37、 财经 英语新闻语料库的建设构想与教学应用
38、大数据时代商务英语人才培养模式分析
39、互联网金融环境下高职金融专业课程体系构建
40、目的论视角下的金融术语翻译研究
41、商务英语专业学生学习动机及学习策略相关性研究
42、独立学院商务英语专业“双师型”师资队伍建设研究
43、释意理论下提高商务英语口译质量的应对策略研究
44、基于学生需求分析的商务英语课程设置研究
45、金融专业英语听说课程3S行动导向教学探索
46、基于自贸区需求的国际贸易双语人才培养模式探讨
47、提升商务英语实践教学质量研究
48、商务英语的语言特征及其翻译技巧
49、学业用途英语中MOOC的效能研究
50、大数据时代金融人才培养方式探析
51、基于需求分析的商务英语CBI课程实证研究
52、全球化背景下财经类院校学生英语学习环境研究--以上海金融学院为例
53、国家战略视域下的法律英语人才培养
54、培养高校综合型金融人才
55、基于航海院校商务英语人才培养的思考
56、金融学专业双语教学探析
57、金融翻译的英汉对比研究
58、试论如何把握商务英语的语言特点及翻译技巧
59、从财经新闻英译汉看财经英语长句的翻译策略
60、改写理论视角下英语硬新闻编译研究
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