第一篇Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old.Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in human beings.Research scientists at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.
第二篇Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old.Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in human beings.Research scientists at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.
第三篇The authors develop and test a multiclassifier-based near-real-time face detection system based on the premise that a three-part strategy is necessary for designing real-time face detection systems that provide high detection rates. The critical factors for real-time face detection are based on a framework of multiple classification functions: (1) a skin classification function is used as the preliminary stage in order to prune the search, localize the computation, and therefore improve performance time; (2) subsequently, three coarse-to-fine statistical model based classifiers are used to scan the windows and discard most non-face windows; and (3) finally, faces and non-faces are verified from images. The bagging ensemble algorithm (bootstrap aggregating) is also applied to improve the performance of detection rates.
第四篇Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient —no matter where he or she may be.
Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient’s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need—especially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions.
But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world — CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service.
Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common.（这片有点长）
第五篇High-Tech Expo will be quietly into the footsteps of our campus, the annual "scientific and technological Month" activities started! We look forward to the most interesting is the High-Tech Expo will be it! Day after day passed, and finally to Saturdays! It is with emotion sitting in their seats, Hao teacher "order", we will quickly pick up the experimental equipment in high spirits to start the experiment. "We have to do is this group of 'interesting siphon' welcome to visit!" I cried loudly, Sun Xuhui only curiosity left over, we looked suspicious, I did not miss a good opportunity for each, said: " , Take a look at our test! "You do not want to see the glass reversed, changing the water will be able to go to it? "I like the" bombard "like to introduce a non-stop," Oh, look carefully! First of all, the pipe filled with water, followed after a glass of water, access to water 1 cup on the table, the empty 2 cup lightly boosting, and low point, "Bai Baishou I let Yan Kai-day 2 cups hold air at the same time Fanlianniejin the end of the tube, I gently hose and hold the other end, went on to say: "I have to do a good job of this process, and then look! Now, we were put on both ends of the glass are No. 1 and No. 2 empty cup, there have been wonderful scene, 1 cup of water flow on a 2 cup. Gradually, you will find that 1 cup of the air, on the contrary, the 2 cups filled with 1 cup of water. You want to know why? "Sun Xuhui see Huale Yan, Siyousiwu nodded, as if a child's desire for knowledge, taking advantage of this time, I had to step up the" attack ":" The principle is to siphon hose in the liquid, and the two ends are Niejin So Guanzi have a negative pressure, and then put them into two cups, to promote access to the water hose, which is siphon! "I nod after presentation, Sun Xuhui nodded, satisfied to leave our team. High-Tech Expo will, "visit" the group more and more people, this could be really popular science projects ah! High-Tech Expo will be the end, I think wistfully: Qin minds, our life is full of interesting, original, primary and secondary school students which we can hold our own, "Cobo" Yes!
科技小报 technology newspaper
是不是这个阿?↑↑ ......
1. It leaves the complication of life and living objects to biology, and is only too happy to yield to chemistry the exploration of the myriad ways atoms interact with one another.
物理学把生命的复杂和活的事物留给了生物学，又十分恰当的把研究微粒间许多相互作用的规律留给了化学。
2. Surely objects cut into such shapes must have especially significant place in a subject profession to deal with simple things.
当然物体切割成这种形状是因为它在同类中相对于那些简单的事物有其特别重要的地位。
3. It looks the same from all directions and it can be handled, thrown, swung or rolled to investigate all the laws of mechanics.
它从各个方位看都是一样的，它也能从触摸、投掷、摇摆、滚动等方面来研究所有的力学规律。
4. That being so, we idealize the surface away by pure imagination – infinitely sharp, perfectly smooth, absolutely featureless.
那之所以会这样，是因为我们把它的表面完全凭想象将它理想化了——绝对清晰、完全光滑、绝对无个性。
5. All we can hope to do is classify into groups and study behavior which we believed to be common to all members of the groups, and this means abstracting the general from the particular.
所有我们所希望做的是将事物分成组，然后研究该组成员中所有事物的共性，也就是说从个性中选出抽象的共性。
6. Although one may point to the enormous importance of the arrangement rather than the chemical nature of atoms in a crystal with regard to its properties, and quote with glee the case of carbon atoms which from the hardest substance known when ordered in a diamond lattice, and one of the softest, as its use in pencils testifies, when ordered in a graphite lattice (figure 2), it is obviously essential that individual atomic characteristics be ultimately built into whatever model is developed.
Words
1. polygon 多边形 polyhedron多面体
2. tetragon 四边形 tetrahedron 四面体
3． pentagon 五边形 pentahedron 五面体
4. hexagon 六边形 hexahedron 六面体
5. heptagon 七边形 heptahedron 七面体
6. octagon 八边形 octahedron 八面体
7. enneagon 九边形 enneahedron 九面体
8. decagon 十边形 decahedron 十面体
9. dodecagon十二边形 dodecahedron 十二面体
10. icosagon 二十边形 icosahedron 二十面体
0ne sometimes hears the Internet characterized as the world's library for the digital age. This description does not stand up under even casual examination. The Internet-and particularly its collection of multimedia resources known as the World Wide Web- was not designed to support the organized publication and retrieval of information, as libraries are. It has evolved into what might be thought of as a chaotic repository for the collective output of the world's digital "printing presses." This storehouse of information contains not only books and papers but raw scientific data, menus， meeting minutes，advertisement, video and audio recordings, and transcripts of interactive conversations. The ephemeral mixes everywhere with works of lasting importance.
In short，the Net is not a digital library. But if it is to continue to grow and thrive as a new means of communication, something very much like traditional library services will be needed to organize, access and preserve networked information. Even then, the Net will not resemble a traditional library, because its contents are more widely dispersed than a standard collection. Consequently, the librarian's classification and selection skills must be complemented by the computer scientist's ability to automate the task of indexing and storing information. Only a synthesis of the differing perspectives brought by both professions will allow this new medium to remain viable.
At the moment, computer technology bears most of the responsibility for organizing information on the Internet. In theory，software that classifies and indexes collections of digital data can address the glut of information on the Net-and the inability of human indexers bibliographers to cope with it. Automating information access has the advantage of directly exploiting the rapidly dropping costs of computers and avoiding the expense and delays of human indexing.
But, as anyone who has ever sought information on the Web knows, these automated tools Categorize information differently than people do. In one sense, the job performed by the various indexing and cataloguing tools known as search engines is highly democratic. Machine-based approaches provide uniform and equal access to all the information on the Net. In practice, this electronic egalitarianism can prove a mixed blessing. Web "surfers" who type in a search request are often overwhelmed by thousands of responses. The search results frequently contain references to irrelevant Web sites while leaving out others that hold important material.
Crawling the Web
The nature of electronic indexing can be understood by examining the way Web search engines, such as Lycos or Digital Equipment Corporation's Alra Vista, construct indexes and find information requested by a user. Periodically，they dispatch programs (sometimes referred to as Web crawlers, spiders or indexing robots) to every site they can identify on the Web—each site being a set of documents, called pages, that can be accessed over the network. The Web crawlers download and then examine these pages and extract indexing information that can be used to describe them. This process---details of which vary among search engines－may include simply locating most of the words that appear in Web pages or performing sophisticated analyses to identify key words and phrases. These data are then stored in the search engine's database, along with an address, termed a uniform resource locator (URL) , that represents where the file resides. A user then deploys a browser, such as the familiar Netscape, to submit queries to the search engine's database. The query produces a list of Web resources, the URLs that can be clicked to connect to the sites identified by the search.
Existing search engines service millions of queries a day. Yet it has become clear that they are less than ideal for retrieving an ever growing body of information on the Web. In contrast to human indexers, automated programs have difficulty identifying characteristics of a document such as its overall theme or its genre-whether it is a poem or a play, or even an advertisement.
The Web, moreover, still lacks standards that would facilitate automated indexing. As a result, documents on the Web are not structured so that programs can reliably extract the routine information that a human indexer might find through a cursory inspection: author, dare of publication, length of text and subject matter. (This information is known as metadata.) A Web crawler might turn up the desired article authored by Jane Doe. But it might also find thousands of other articles in which such a common name is mentioned in the text or in a bibliographic reference.
Publishers sometimes abuse the indiscriminate character of automated indexing. A Web site can bias the selection process to attract attention to 'itself by 'repeating within a document a word, such as "sex," that is known to be queried often. The reason: a search engine will display first the URLs for the documents that mention a search term most frequently. In contrast, humans can easily, see around simpleminded tricks.
The professional indexer can describe the components of individual pages of all sorts (from text to video) and can clarify how those parts fit together into a database of information. Civil War photographs, for example, might form part of a collection that also includes period music and soldier diaries. A human indexer can describe a site's rules for the collection and retention of programs in, say, an archive that stores Macintosh software. Analyses of a site's purpose, history and policies are beyond the capabilities of a crawler program.
Another drawback of automated indexing is that most search engines recognize text only. The intense interest in the Web, though, has come about because of the medium's ability to display images, whether graphics or video clips. Some research has moved forward toward finding color, or patterns within images [see box on next two pages]. But no program can deduce the underlying meaning and cultural significance of an image (for example, that a group of men dining represents the Last Supper).
At the same time, the way information is structured on the Web is changing so that it often can not be examined by Web crawlers. Many Web pages are no longer static files that can be analyzed and indexed by such programs. In many cases, the information displayed in a document is computed by the Web site during a search in response to the user's request. The site might assemble a map, and a text document from different areas of its database, a disparate collection of information that conforms the user's query. A newspaper Web site, for instance, might allow a reader to specify, that only stories on the oil-equipment business be displayed in a personalized version of the paper. The database of stories from which this document is put together could not be searched by a Web crawler that visits the site.
A growing body of research has attempted to address some of the problems involved with automated classification methods. One approach seeks to attach metadata to files so that indexing systems can collect this information. The most advanced effort is the Dublin Core Metadata program and an affiliated endeavor the Warwick Framework the first named after a workshop in Dublin Ohio, the other for a colloquy in Warwick, England. The workshops have defined a set of metadata elements that are simpler than those in traditional library cataloguing and have also created methods for incorporating them within pages on the Web.
Categorization of metadata might range from title or author to type of document (text or video, for instance). Either automated indexing software or humans may, derive the metadata, which can then be attached to a Web page for retrieval by a crawler. Precise and de tailed human annotations can provide a more in-depth characterization of a page than can an automated indexing program alone.
Where costs can be justified, human indexers have begun the laborious task of compiling bibliographies of some Web sites. The Yahoo database, a commercial venture, classifies sites by broad subject area. And a research project at the University of Michigan is one of……
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In case where information is furnished without charge or is advertiser supported, low-cost computer-based indexing will most likely dominate—the same unstructured environment that characterizes much of contemporary Internet.
写作思路：根据为科技主题，以为发展基调来展开描写，紧扣叙述与描写的内容，力求做到不突兀、不生硬，不长篇大论或肆意抒情，有情真意切之感。
范文：
It can be expected that there will be a breakthrough in life sceience and space science in the 21st century First， scientists will conquer incurable diseases through the transformation of genes
可以预见，21世纪生命科学和空间科学将取得突破性进展。首先，科学家将通过基因转化来战胜不治之症。
With the same technology they can breed new species of animals and even human life in the laboratory Most important of all， they can decelerate aging and prolong life
用同样的技术，他们可以在实验室培育出新的动物物种，甚至人类的生命。最重要的是，它们能延缓衰老，延长寿命。
Besides， permanent stations will be set up in the moon or other planets or stars so that scientists can make a thorough study of the moon and other planets or star
此外，还将在月球或其他行星或恒星上建立永久观测站，以便科学家对月球和其他行星或恒星进行深入研究。
Most probably life will be found in other stars in universe or the planets or stars suitable for the human existence will be discovered However， the scientific development will also bring about some social problems
很可能在宇宙中的其他恒星中发现生命，或者发现适合人类生存的行星或恒星。但是，科学发展也会带来一些社会问题。
How should we regard from an ethical perspective the one who is bred through the gene technology in the laboratory
我们应该如何从伦理的角度看待实验室里通过基因技术培育出来的人。
How can the police identify the criminal from a group of people with the same DNA？ It is quite natural that we will meet problems in the scientific and social development Therefore， we should be prepared to meet new challenges
警察怎么能从一群DNA相同的人中认出罪犯？我们在科学和社会发展中遇到问题是很自然的。因此，我们应该准备迎接新的挑战。
Phonograph - History
The first great invention developed by Edison in Menlo Park was the tin foil phonograph. While working to improve the efficiency of a telegraph transmitter, he noted that the tape of the machine gave off a noise resembling spoken words when played at a high speed. This caused him to wonder if he could record a telephone message. He began experimenting with the diaphragm of a telephone receiver by attaching a needle to it. He reasoned that the needle could prick paper tape to record a message. His experiments led him to try a stylus on a tinfoil cylinder, which, to his great surprise, played back the short message he recorded, "Mary had a little lamb."
The word phonograph was the trade name for Edison's device, which played cylinders rather than discs. The machine had two needles: one for recording and one for playback. When you spoke into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations of your voice would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle. This cylinder phonograph was the first machine that could record and reproduce sound created a sensation and brought Edison international fame.
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Electricity and Lightbulb - History
Thomas Edison's greatest challenge was the development of a practical incandescent, electric light. Contrary to popular belief, he didn't "invent" the lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1879, using lower current electricity, a small carbonized filament, and an improved vacuum inside the globe, he was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting source of light. The idea of electric lighting was not new, and a number of people had worked on, and even developed forms of electric lighting. But up to that time, nothing had been developed that was remotely practical for home use. Edison's eventual achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. After one and a half years of work, success was achieved when an incandescent lamp with a filament of carbonized sewing thread burned for thirteen and a half hours.
There are a couple of other interesting things about the invention of the light bulb: While most of the attention was on the discovery of the right kind of filament that would work, Edison actually had to invent a total of seven system elements that were critical to the practical application of electric lights as an alternative to the gas lights that were prevalent in that day.
These were the development of:
1.the parallel circuit,
2.a durable light bulb,
3.an improved dynamo,
4.the underground conductor network,
5.the devices for maintaining constant voltage,
6.safety fuses and insulating materials, and
7.light sockets with on-off switches.
Before Edison could make his millions, every one of these elements had to be invented and then, through careful trial and error, developed into practical, reproducible components. The first public demonstration of the Thomas Edison's incandescent lighting system was in December 1879, when the Menlo Park laboratory complex was electrically lighted. Edison spent the next several years creating the electric industry.
The modern electric utility industry began in the 1880s. It evolved from gas and electric carbon-arc commercial and street lighting systems. On September 4, 1882, the first commercial power station, located on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan, went into operation providing light and electricity power to customers in a one square mile area; the electric age had begun. Thomas Edison's Pearl Street electricity generating station introduced four key elements of a modern electric utility system. It featured reliable central generation, efficient distribution, a successful end use (in 1882, the light bulb), and a competitive price. A model of efficiency for its time, Pearl Street used one-third the fuel of its predecessors, burning about 10 pounds of coal per kilowatt hour, a "heat rate" equivalent of about 138,000 Btu per kilowatt hour. Initially the Pearl Street utility served 59 customers for about 24 cents per kilowatt hour. In the late 1880s, power demand for electric motors brought the industry from mainly nighttime lighting to 24-hour service and dramatically raised electricity demand for transportation and industry needs. By the end of the 1880s, small central stations dotted many U.S. cities; each was limited to a few blocks area because of transmission inefficiencies of direct current (dc).
The success of his electric light brought Thomas Edison to new heights of fame and wealth, as electricity spread around the world. His various electric companies continued to grow until in 1889 they were brought together to form Edison General Electric. Despite the use of Edison in the company title however, he never controlled this company. The tremendous amount of capital needed to develop the incandescent lighting industry had necessitated the involvement of investment bankers such as J.P. Morgan. When Edison General Electric merged with its leading competitor Thompson-Houston in 1892, Edison was dropped from the name, and the company became simply General Electric.
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