医学的励志文章篇三：不要努力停止任何想法，去欢迎它们
作者：迪帕克·杜德曼德(印度医学博士)
翻译：汪永红
迪帕克·杜德曼德简介：从事身心灵生命整体健康、心理咨询、阿育韦达医学有着长达26年临床实践 经验 的著名专家，阿育韦达与中医结合的先驱人物。他也是极富革新精神的药物研发能手，在糖尿病、癌症、高血压、男女不孕不育等疾病治疗领域皆有独创性的产品研发及重大突破。
空是我们存在的最大组成部分，不仅我们的身体，甚至整个宇宙98%为空，2%为实体。我们的身体是整体宇宙进程的微缩版，意味着身体是一个微缩的宇宙。占据外部空间的是身体，占据内部空间的是心灵。心灵没有实体，因为它并不是物质，我们常误解大脑是心灵，实际上大脑是被心灵用作思考的工具，大脑控制着整个身体。
身心的关系如此复杂，因此我们不能将它们视为分离的，而要将其结合为一个整体，任何健康问题将影响我们的思维(心灵的功能)，任何不必要的思想将影响灵性及身体健康。
在此，我们需要了解：80%的健康问题源于心理，它们是我们思维模式或思想的结果。愤怒、恐惧、厌恶、嫉妒、贪婪、憎恨及报复感是一些对心灵产生不良影响的强烈情绪，因为这些情绪不是自然的，不利于身体的平静存在和功能，所以导致了严重的健康问题。同理，我们所患的任何疾病也会导致不必要的思想及情绪，把“问题”进一步升级。我们需要的是带来康复及幸福的思想。
空性疗愈是一种更为灵性的方式，它通过身心的相互作用带给我们良好的健康。我们所采取的任何行动皆由对应的思想支持，即便举起一根手指，或为了安全而做出的躲闪反应也是由我们的心念所支持，我们一生都是在思考及实现这些思想。思想及行动与局限性(存在条件)结合，形成对特定情况的反应，导致特定情绪的形成。
这些情绪反应的结果，影响体内腺体分泌特定激素。举例，激动时血液里的肾上腺素将增加;非常高兴时，大脑里的血清素将增多;有强烈食欲或饥饿感时，在吃东西前消化液将变得活跃;当愤怒时，特定激素将使体液略酸，升高血压，等等。
因此，情绪作为一种心理状态引起体内特定激素或化学反应，直接影响身体功能，导致良好健康或不健康(取决于情绪类型，或心里隐藏的思想)。因此，在当今全世界范围内，压力成为导致疾病的主要原因。
这些思想及情绪占据心里很大空间，我们发现难以放下一些情绪，这些情绪将心灵困于特定状态，我们在心里持续重温该状态。
空性疗愈的理念是为新的思想的形成创造更多空间，放下导致压力及不健康的思想或情绪，代之以放松的、快乐的及创造性的思想。这将使身体产生利于健康的激素，降低不必要激素的有害水平。
我们要了解每个思想都需要得到表现，它们会来到心里寻求一个表达。甚至最普通的思想会导致相反的情绪反应，比如快乐(或悲伤，或愤怒)寻求表达，一旦它们得到表达，其强度或相对重要性就会降低。这种表达不意味着行动，通过伤害他人来表达愤怒情绪不是表达，而是增强愤怒，从伤害得到满足将导致别的情绪，导致身心进一步恶化。
我们也能找到一种创造性的表达，比如绘画、音乐、 唱歌 、跳舞等等。或者向内寻找积极的表达方式，这种内在的表达即“冥想”。我们此处所谈的冥想不是传统的冥想，而是非常自然的、简单的、容易的方式。通常意义的冥想会要求盘腿闭眼，尽量驱除心里的所有思想，以获得无念的状态。
与思想斗争产生冲突及二元对立，它也灌输给人一种愧疚感，因为不论你想什么都错，你不得不与之斗争。但与思想斗争，你无法阻止它们，你最多只能设法压抑它们一段时间。你的心被压抑的思想填满，而它们准备伺机反弹，压抑反而增添了负疚感。在这个过程中，我们心里的最大空间被这些思想占据，它们并非我们所需，正因为我们试图压抑它们，所以反而没有足够的空间来接纳新奇的、美丽健康的思想。当我们压抑它们时，心也在疲于处理一切不必要的思想。
现在如何解决这种状况呢?
这是一个非常简单的 方法 ，使用“空冥想”(自然冥想)的方式。在这种冥想中，你可以盘腿坐在特定地方，如果喜欢，你也可以选择焚香或者其他什么，但并非必须的。
空冥想可以随时随地练习。我们只需要做下面一些准备：
不论你采取何种姿势，背部应该挺直，因此呼吸更舒服容易，呼吸是冥想一个重要方面。
在练习空冥想时，嘴巴微微张开，通过鼻子和嘴巴一起正常地呼吸，有节奏地充分吸入与呼出，呼吸的节奏可因人而异，以个人感觉舒适为宜。通过微张嘴巴，有利于身体摄入更多氧气，为大脑积极表达思想提供更多能量。
空冥想的最重要方面不是停止任何思想，而是欢迎它们。不要设置任何障碍，消除所有障碍，让你的心自由地呈现任何思想，不要区别好坏，也让区别的障碍落下，消除一切界限与限制。自由想任何事情，让任何(或每个)隐藏在心里的思想在你心里自我表达。
这是一种积极的表达，由于你不采取任何行动，仅容许思想浮现至表面，藏在心里的思想不过在寻求表达而已。一旦你容许它表达，不采取任何行动干预它，你让心明白那些思想的无益，那个思想将离开心里，为新思想的到来创造空间;通过该冥想，你能选择有益于身心平衡及和谐的思想，那是获得各方面健康的关键。
老子提到的“无为”，意味着每件事通过无行为或正确行为而为。在空冥想中，我们所做的是以正确的行为开始无为。通过不卷入某种情绪或念头，让思想表达而不采取任何行动，我们变成自己思想的一个冷静观察者，随后，表达的思想被化解，容许另一种思想占据空间。这整个冥想过程是一种无为、正确行为彼此呼应的现象。
这种空冥想有助于化解几乎所有心理原因导致的健康问题。正如我们所看到的，超过80%的疾病是心理反应及演绎的结果，是那些可被引导至正确的观点。
冥想意味着敞开所有的门，让事物自然到来，我们允许所有事物到来。我们总是在思考，思绪不能停下来。甚至我们睡觉的时候，也在思考。我们想要放空自己，为什么要这样做?为什么想要把我们的思绪丢掉?这些倾向、思绪，有什么不对呢?比如我有情绪，我很生气，或者我很害怕，这有什么不对吗?是的，这些情绪对我们的身体，甚至我们的存在都会有害。
假如我是一个易怒的人，我就会没有朋友。如果我比较胆小，别人就会取笑我。这些所有的情绪、倾向、念头，会造成一种不平衡。既然这些都有负面的作用，那么我们为何会有这些情绪呢?其实，这里面有一点很重要：所有的情绪、念头、倾向，它们都是在寻求一种表达，都是在利用我的身体来寻求一种表达。
欲望、愤怒，都是透过这个身体在进行自我表达。而这些倾向都是来自我们的心灵，所有的这些倾向性、念头、情绪，都是在用“我”这个工具来表达自己。如果我们允许这些情绪得到表达，我们就能够得到一种平衡。
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人食五谷杂粮，总会有生病的时候，这时医学就显得尤为重要。下面是我带来的关于医学方面的英语 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
关于医学方面的英语文章
Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 is one of the most acclaimed novels of the twentieth century. It is a black comedy about life in the military during World War II. It features bombardier John Yossarian, who is trying to survive the military’s inexhaustible supply of bureaucracy and who is frantically trying to do anything to avoid killing and being killed. Heller was able to use his own experiences in the Air Force during World War II to create this character and the novel.
Even though Catch-22 eventually became known as a great novel, it was not originally considered one. When it was first published in 1961, the reviews were tepid and the sales were lackluster. It was not well received at this point at least in part because it presented such a cowardly protagonist at a time when World War II veterans were being lauded for their selfless courage.
Within a few years of the release of the book, as an unpopular war in Southeast Asia was heating up, Heller’s Catch-22 found a new audience eager to enjoy the exploits of Heller’s war-averse protagonist. It was within the framework of this era that Catch-22 was newly discovered, newly examined, and newly credited as one of the century’s best novels.
Let me talk a bit about the expression catch-22. Do you understand what a catch-22 is? This expression is so well known now that it has entered the American lexicon: well, a catch-22 is a situation that is unresolvable, one where there is no good choice, not best path to take.
In Heller’s novel, the catch-22 is a very specific catch in a very specific situation. The situation in which the protagonist found himself was that he wanted to get out of combat by declaring himself insane. So you see that in this situation, there was a very specific catch. In American culture now, though, this expression is used more generally. It refers to any situation where there’s a catch, where there’s no solution, where there’s no way out.
One more bit of information about the expression catch-22, about the number 22 in the expression. This number doesn’t have any real meaning; it just signifies one in a long line of catches. Heller really could have used any number; it didn’t have to be 22. When Heller was first writing the book, he used the number 14; the book was originally titled Catch-14. Then, in the production process, the number was changed to 18, so the title was Catch-18. But then there was a problem with the number 18 because there was another book with 18 in the title, so Heller’s title became Catch-22.
Hemophilia is a condition in which the blood either clots slowly or fails to clot at all. Most people who get a little cut on a finger can put a bandage on the cut, and the cut on the finger will heal because the blood will clot. A blood clot forms from the polymerization of protein fibers that circulate in the blood. A number of protein factors take part in the process, and it is necessary for all of the protein factors to function correctly for blood to clot. Hemophilia exists when any of the factors is either missing or not functioning.
The most common kinds of hemophilia are hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia) and hemophilia B (or Christmas hemophilia), which was named after the first person known to have contracted it. Hemophilia A occurs when clotting factor 8 is not functioning properly; 85% of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia type A. Hemophilia B occurs when factor 9 is not functioning properly; almost all of the rest of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia B.
Hemophilia is generally passed from mother to son, though sometimes it seems to develop spontaneously in some women. Women carry recessive gene but do not generally develop the disease. A mother who carries the defective gene may or may not pass it on to her children. If a mother passes the defective gene to a daughter, the daughter will carry the gene but will most likely not develop the disease. If a mother passes the defective gene to a son, then the son will most likely develop the disease.
Probably the most famous case of hemophilia is often called Royal hemophilia. In this case, Queen Victoria of England, who lived from 1819-1901, was a carrier of the mutating factor 8 that leads to hemophilia type A. Queen Victoria may have inherited the mutated gene from one of her parents, though there is no sign of the mutated gene in the families of Victoria’s parents up to that time that she was born. The mutated factor 8 may also have mutated spontaneously in Victoria, as seems to happen sometimes.
However Victoria came to be a carrier of the gene with the mutated factor, she unfortunately passed it on to some of her children. She had nine children, and three of them, her daughters Alice and Beatrice and her son Leopold, received the mutated gene from their mother. Victoria’s daughters then intermarried with other royal houses of Europe and carried the disease with them. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Beatrice, the disease was carried into the royal family of Spain. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Alice, the disease was introduced into the royal families of Austria and Russia, though the disease no longer exists in the Russian family because Victoria’s granddaughter Alexandra and her children were all killed during the Russian revolution.
当今,由于人类社会的发展,生活节奏的加快,对于中年人群体老年疾病提前到来。中年人由于疾病的缠身,生活质量的下降等原因,给家庭和社会带来了很大的负面影响。下面是我带来的医学类英语 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
医学类英语文章1
指甲油、发胶或增加糖尿病风险
Chemicals commonly found in beauty products such as nail polishes, hair sprays andperfumesmay increase risk of diabetes for some women, new research suggests.
Chemicals commonly found in beauty products such as nail polishes, hair sprays andperfumesmay increase risk of diabetes for some women, new research suggests.
Researchers analyzed urine samples from 2,350 women who participated in the long-runningNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative sampleof Americanwomen. They were looking for concentrations of chemicals known as phthalates,which are oftenfound in personal care products and in adhesives, electronics, products used tomanufacture cars, toys, packaging and even some coatings for medications.
Phthalates are considered "endocrine-disrupting" because they can alter normal regulationofcertain mechanisms in the body, including hormone regulation, and have been tied inpreviousresearch to diabetes and obesity risk, Dr. Kenneth Spaeth, director of theOccupational andEnvironmental Medicine Center's department of population health at NorthShore UniversityHospital in Manhasset, N.Y., told HealthPop. He was not involved in the study.
The researchers found that women with the highest concentrations of two types of phthalates -mono-benzyl phthalate and mono-isobutyl phthalate - were nearly two times more likely tohavediabetes compared to women with the least amounts of these chemicals. Women withmoderatelyhigh levels of the phthalates mono-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalatewere 70 percent more likely to have diabetes compared to their counterparts.
The findings were published in Environmental Health Perspectives, a journal published bythegovernment's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
"This is an important first step in exploring the connection between phthalates and diabetes,"saidDr. Tamara James-Todd, a researcher in women's health at Brigham and Women's HospitalinBoston, said in a press release. The researchers could not prove that phthalates causeddiabetes orhaving diabetes increased concentrations of the chemicals in a person's body.
"We know that in addition to being present in personal care products, phthalates also existincertain types of medical devices and medication that is used to treat diabetes and this couldalsoexplain the higher level of phthalates in diabetic women," she added. "So overall, moreresearch isneeded."
One of the problems is that chemicals like phthalates are practically unavoidable, accordingtoSpaeth.
"These chemicals are unfortunately ubiquitous," Spaeth explained. "It's pretty clear fromstudiesthat we're exposed all day long to these various household or personal care products."
Spaeth says it's a real challenge to reduce phthalate exposure because sometimes thechemical is ametabolic byproduct of another ingredient or a product label may not say itcontains phthalatesonly for phthalates to be found in the packaging the product came in, whichdoes not need to bementioned on a product label.
"It's really hard to make informed decisions about these kinds of things," he said. "Maybe we'llgetto a point when the health effects are more widely recognized, that there will be incentivetochange how products are made and packaged."
However Spaeth did say research has shown phthalates can find their way into householddustand people sometimes ingest them that way, so simple steps like frequent vaccuming anddusting, or washing your hands regularly before eating may decrease risk.
医学类英语文章2
西方快餐与亚洲人患心脏病风险存在联系
Even relatively clean-living Singaporeans who regularly eat burgers, fries and other staplesof U.S.-style fast food are at a raised risk of diabetes and more likely than their peers to die ofheart disease, according to an international study.
at a raised risk of diabetes：提高患糖尿病的风险
But Asian fast foods, such as noodles or dumplings, did not bear the same risk, the studypublished in the journal Circulation said.
bear the same risk：承受同样的风险
the journal Circulation：《循环》杂志
With globalization, U.S.-style fast food has become commonplacein East and SoutheastAsia. The study looked at more than 60,000 Singaporeans of Chinese descent.
"Many cultures welcome (Western fast food) because it's a sign they're developing theireconomics," said Andrew Odegaard, from the University of Minnesota School of Public Health,who led the study.
the University of Minnesota School of Public Health：明尼苏达大学的公共卫生学院
"But while it may be desirable from a cultural standpoint, from a health perspective theremay be a cost," he told Reuters Health.
a cultural standpoint： 文化 角度
The study participants were interviewed in the 1990s, then followed for about a decade.
Participants were between 45 and 74 years old at the outset. During the study period, 1,397 died of cardiac causes and 2,252 developed type 2 diabetes.
died of cardiaccauses：死于心脏病
Those who ate fast food two or more times a week had 27 percent greater odds ofdiabetes and 56 percent higher risk of cardiac death than those who ate little or no fast food,the researchers found.
greater odds of：更大的几率
Among 811 subjects who ate Western-style fast food four or more times a week, the riskof cardiac death rose by 80 percent.
Western-style fast food：西式快餐
The findings held even after the researchers adjusted for other factors that could influencehealth, including age, sex, weight, smoking status and education level.
In fact, the Singaporeans who ate Western fast food often were more likely to be younger,educated and physically active, and were less likely to smoke, than those who stuck to a moretraditional diet.
physically active：体力活动
Odegaard's team found that Eastern fast foods, such as dim sum, noodles and dumplings,were not associated with more cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiac deaths.
dim sum：中式点心
be not associated with:与……无关
"It wasn't their own snacks that was putting them at increased risk, but American-style fastfood," he said.
The profile of the fast food eaters differs markedly from that of the average fast foodconsumer in the United States, he added, with eating fast food in countries like Singapore astatus symbol and a way of "participating in American culture".
a status symbol：身份象征
The findings hold serious implications for recently developed and emerging countries, saidSara Bleich, an assistant professor of health policy at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of PublicHealth in Baltimore.
hold serious implications for：对……有严重影响
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health：约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院
"The big multinational fast food companies are increasingly looking to maximize profitoutside the United States, and they're looking to emerging economies like Singapore to dothat," she said. "So at the global level, the health implications are very strong."
maximize profit：追求利润最大化
emerging economies：新兴市场国家
医学类英语文章3
胖子的 记忆力 思考力下降快
Fatter people are more likely to lose their memories and brain power quicker than thosewho are thinner, according to British research.
据英国某一研究，相比瘦子，胖子的记忆力和脑力下降得更快。
Those who are obese, and have other health problems such as high blood pressure andhigh cholesterol, lose their memory and thinking skills almost a quarter faster, foundresearchers at University College London.
英国伦敦大学学院的一份研究表明，那些患有如高血压高胆固醇等健康问题的胖子和那些一般的胖子，比起瘦子来说，他们的记忆力和脑力下降速度要快四分之一。
Their study was based on almost 6,500 Whitehall civil servants, whose health wasmonitored between the ages of 50 and 60.
这份研究以将近6,500名年龄在50岁到60岁之间的白厅(英国)公务员的健康状况为研究对象。
They were weighed and measured, their blood pressure and cholesterol levels were taken,and they were also asked what medication they were taking.
研究人员对他们称了体重，做了测量，记录了他们的血压和胆固醇含量，同时还了解了他们目前在做哪些药物治疗。
In addition, they were asked to perform mental tests three times during the decade,which were used to assess memory and other cognitiveskills.
此外，研究对象在这十年时间里还要参加三次智力测验，这些测验结果将作为评估记忆和 其它 认知技能的依据。
Of the 6,401 civil servants in the study, nine per cent (582) were obese. Of those, 350 werealso classed as “metabolicallyabnormal”- meaning they had two additional risk factors such ashigh blood pressure, high cholesterol, were taking medication for either condition, or werediabetic.
在参与这项研究的6,401名国家公务员中，9%(即582人)是胖子。有350人的新陈代谢存在异常现象，这也意味着他们将面临双重危险，高血压和高胆固醇。他们需要服用治疗高血压和高胆固醇的药物。除此以外还有糖尿病患者。
The researchers found the obese tended to lose their mental powers faster than theirthinner colleagues, while those who also had additional conditions lost their memory andthinking skills fastest of all.
研究人员发现胖子比起他们的瘦子同事更容易失去大脑思考能力，而这个人群中最容易失忆和失去思考能力的是这些还有其它健康问题的胖子。
The latter group experienced a 22.5 percent faster decline on their cognitive test scoresover the decade than those who were healthy.
比起健康的胖子，后一组研究对象(指还有其它健康问题的胖子)在过去的十年时间里在认知测试中得分下降高达22.5%。
Archana Singh-Manoux, of the Paris research institute Inserm, who contributed to thestudy, said their results indicated the idea that people could be obese but still healthy wasflawed.
巴黎研究机构Inserm的辛格-曼诺(Archana Singh-Manoux)负责这项研究。他说，他们的研究结果表明胖子是健康的这一看法是站不脚的。
Shirley Cramer, chief executive of Alzheimer’s Research UK, said: “We do not yet know whyobesity and metabolic abnormality are linked to poorer brain performance, but with obesitylevels on the rise, it will be important to delvea little deeper into this association.
英国老年痴呆症研究所的主管雪莉·克莱默(Shirley Cramer)说：“目前我们还不知道为什么肥胖与新陈代谢异常这两方面会和脑力衰弱有联系。但是随着肥胖程度的增加，进一步深入探究它们之间的关联将变得很重要。”
“While the study itself focuses on cognitive decline, previous research suggests that ahealthy diet, regular exercise, not smoking and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol inmidlife can also help stave off dementia."
“虽然这项研究本身关注的是认知能力的减弱，但先前的研究表明在中年时期，健康的饮食、定期锻炼、不吸烟、控制血压和胆固醇等有助于减缓痴呆症的产生。”
医学读书心得 范文 1：《西方医学史》 读书笔记
简单地说，世上行医的人大致可以分为几类：医匠(为赚钱陌生而行医)、医生(为治病救人而行医)、医师(为弘扬医学而行医)、医学家(为人类健康而行医)
大致说来，广义的医学在数千年的发展过程中，先后经历的三个不同的、相互交替的阶段：神道医学(Magical or Religious Medicine)、 经验 医学(Empirical Medicine)和理性医学(Scientific Medicine).
神道医学：将人类疾病归因于神灵的惩罚或魔鬼的作祟，而以祈祷、驱邪为主要手段，球的疾病缓解。
经验医学：医生运用自己的感官，对患者所表现的症状进行直接观察、描述，根据经验作出适当诊断，基本上派出了超自然因素(魔鬼、神灵)致病的可能。医生根据对患者的观察与分析，结合自己或他人的经验，使用药物或其他相应的辅助治疗，获得疾病的缓解。也被称为感性医学。
理性医学：完全排除了超自然的致病因素，以生物科学坐位临床实践的基础，又被称为生物医学或现代医学。
医学读书心得范文2：《大医精诚》读书心得
“博学而后成医，厚德而后为医，谨慎而后行医”这句话是我在一位德高望重的医生的博客中看到的，当时感觉说的非常好，就记了下来。今天读完孙思邈的《大医精诚》，发现这句话正是这篇 文章 的一个非常恰当的缩影，博学而后成医，厚德而后为医，这不正是孙思邈所强调的行医所必需的“精”与“诚”吗?在《大医精诚》中要求医者要有精湛的医术，认为医道是“至精至微之事”，习医之人必须“博极医源，精勤不倦”，即为“精”;要求医者要有高尚的品德修养，以“见彼苦恼，若己有之”感同身受的心，策发“大慈恻隐之心”，进而发愿立誓“普救含灵之苦”，且不得“自逞俊快，邀射名誉”、“恃己所长，经略财物”此为“诚”。不论是这位医生的话，还是《大医精诚》这篇文章，两者都极为准确的概括出了作为医生这两个最基本的品质--技术精湛，品德高尚。
自古至今，我国历史上出现过很多很多的名医，像李时珍，孙思邈，张仲景等等，他们不但技术精湛，医德更是高尚，正因此才被当时的老百姓所推崇，被历史所铭记。祖国医学繁荣发展离不开诸如此类的人。他们本着仁术、仁心治病救人，为后代的医者树立了榜样。像东汉茗仪张仲景以救人活命为己任，以仁爱救人为准则，指导自己的医疗实际活动。明代大医药学家李时珍历时27年著成了《本草纲目》的巨著，该书吸取了后代本草著作的精华，纠正了以前的错误，并冒着违反统治者意志的危险列举服食丹药的害处。该书不仅学术价值高，而且道德价值也很高。
关于医学读书心得范文3：
行为医学是研究和发展关于行为科学中与健康和疾病有关的知识和技术,并把这些知识和技术应用于疾病的诊断、防治和康复的一门多学科领域。其实，行为医学就是研究行为在人体健康和疾病发生中的作用规律的一门学科。行为医学作为一门与多个学科相关的交叉性学科，覆盖面宽，应用范围广，目前，行为医学的研究已涉及基础医学、临床医学、预防医学、社会学、人类学、流行病学、营养学、心理学、疾病防治、医学教育、中西医结合、医学哲学以及健康教育等领域。有学者认为行为医学与生物医学、社会医学并列,是现代医学体系的三大支柱之一,在保障和促进人们的健康方面发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。
行为医学发展迅速，但其基本的学科体系与研究内容包括以下五个方面：
一是健康行为。如充足休息和睡眠，合理膳食，适度运动;积极应对现实生活;保持愉悦心情;注重预防接种、定期体检、健康咨询、戒除不良奢好等自我保健。包括这些行为的特征、产生、发展、巩固。
二是异常行为。包括饮食、吸烟、酗酒、致胖等不良习惯行为;过分固执、好争辩、急躁、紧张、好冲动等 A型 性格行为;赌博、吸毒、酗酒、网络等成瘾行为;致意外行为;自杀行为;卖淫、嫖昌、婚外性行为;同性恋、双性恋、易性癖、露阴癖、窥淫癖、恋物癖、恋童癖等性变态行为;不良就医与医疗行为;占卜、风水、祭祀、个人崇拜等迷信行为;巫术、催眠术、等神秘行为。包括这些行为的特征、产生、发展、巩固、转变的原因和机制。
三是行为评价和诊断。研究发展一套测量评价各种行为的 方法 和技术，包括心理测验、智力测验、人格测验、神经心理测验、行为评定量表等。行为评定量表包括生活事件量表、 儿童 行为量表、简明精神病量表、精神症状全面量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、躁狂量表、A型行为量表、恐怖强迫量表、老年期人格和痴呆测验、日常生活能力量表、述情障碍问卷、社交回避及苦恼量表、个人评价问卷、康乃尔医学调查表等。
四是行为干预与治疗。包括认知行为治疗、行为矫治法、行为塑造法、经典分析疗法、松弛疗法、满灌疗法(又叫冲击疗法、暴露疗法)、音乐疗法、暗示疗法、脱敏疗法、森田疗法、理性情绪疗法、代币调节法、厌恶疗法、生物反馈疗法、自我控制疗法、应激调节疗法、改变生活方式疗法、 体育运动 疗法、气功疗法、药物治疗、心理咨询等。
五是行为 医学知识 和技术的具体应用。在应用研究方面，产生了行为流行病学(常见的有抑郁性、强迫性、焦虑性等神经症的行为流行病学，消化性溃疡、肥胖症、神经性厌食、冠心病、高血压、皮肤病、糖尿病等心身疾病的行为流行病学)、预防行为医学(健康教育、传染病与非传染病预防、临床预防、社会医学、道路交通、职业卫生、社区卫生服务等都与行为医学息息相关)、临床行为医学(如病人就医、遵医行为、医患合作行为、临床诊疗中药物治疗、手术治疗、心理治疗、中医治疗、危重患者抢救、会诊、转诊等临床行为)、女性行为医学(少女、女青年、成年女性、更年期、老年等女性不同阶段的行为特征、女性计划生育、性行为等行为特征)、儿童行为医学、老年行为医学、护理行为医学等以应用研究为主要内容的分支学科。在基础研究方面涉及到神经行为学、行为生理学、行为药理学、行为解剖学、行为病理学、行为毒理学、行为生化学、行为遗传学等，并逐步形成相对独立的分支学科。
在行为医学发展历史方面：
行为科学的起源是近代心理学的行为主义学派, 而行为主义的立场、观点和方法又建立在欧洲16 世纪“文艺复兴”以后的实证科学精神基础上的，它使得科学的心理学从宗教神学、经院哲学的桎梏中独立出来。
20 世纪初, 美国著名心理学家华生(J.B.watson, 1878-1958)首倡行为主义运动的著名文章《行为主义心目中的心理学》，首先提出了行为主义心理学, 他认为意识是不可捉摸的，不应列为心理学研究内容，只有通过观察、实验记录下来的行为才是心理学研究的内容行为的基础是刺激一反应行为不是生而有之，而是后天环境学习获得。在此之前，俄国生理学家巴甫洛夫建立了经典条件反射的基本原理，美国动物心理学家桑代克创立了关于联想学习的实验方法。
20世纪30年代的现代实验心理学强调行为疾病学习模仿理论、行为治疗、行为矫正，其理论基础建立在经典性条件反射及操作性条件方面,不良行为得以矫正。1973年，美国生物反馈专家Birk L 应用生物反馈技术研究治疗癫痫、哮喘、紧张性头痛、偏头疼，取得较好效果，并第一次提出行为医学之词。
1977年2月，以Schwarz 和weiss在等人为代表的医学家在美国Yale大学召开了第一次行为医学大会，并第一次提出了行为医学的定义。1978年，出版了世界第一本行为医学刊物：《行为医学杂志》;1990年在瑞典成立了国际行为医学学会。1989年，成立我国中华医学会行为医学与生物反馈分会，1990年10月，在天津召开全国行为医学学术会议。1992年6月出版我国的行为医学刊物《中国行为医学科学》。1992年8月在山东青岛举行第二次全国会议，学会正式更名中华医学会行为医学分会。2008年，我国正式加入国际行为医学学会。
研究表明，除生物、社会和自然因素外，不良的心理、行为因素亦是致病的重要因素，人类46.7%的疾病均与自身生活习惯、行为方式等密切相关。在我国，占前三位死因顺位的心血管疾病、脑血管疾病和肿瘤的病因中，人类的生活方式和行为因素已超过生物因素、环境因素而成为第一位与死亡有关的重要因素。随着社会的进步和发展、医学模式的转变及人们对健康的追，行为医学将越来越被重视。因此，学习、研究行为医学具有非常重要的意义。
医学读书 心得体会 范文4：《医学的历史》读书心得
《医学的历史》是由希望出版社出版的，英国罗伯特•玛格特写的一本专门史读物。全书分为了八大章节，简单地介绍了医学的历史。全本书图文并茂，穿插着医者们的 故事 ，与当时的历史背景，是一本非常不错的历史读物。
第一章原始人类，其中只有一个小节，巫术与经验医学。主要介绍了原始时期，巫医合二为一的医生起源。
第二章早期文明，分为四个小节，分别是美索不达米亚、中东、古印度医学和中国传统医学。主要介绍了原始的、没有系统化的，早期的医学在各个非西方的文明古国的发展。
第三章古典时代，分为六个小节，分别是古希腊、西方医学之父、希波克拉底之后、医药 百科 学家、妇产科之父和盖伦。主要介绍了欧洲古典时代，几位杰出的医学人物，以及其当时成就和对后世的影响。
第四章黑暗时代，分为罗马的衰落、阿拉伯学术的兴起、萨勒诺的学校、大学的创立、瘟疫和传染病、行会、药房和医院。主要介绍了，黑暗时代，西欧医学遭遇发展的缓慢的尴尬局面，和阿拉伯医学吸收其他文明成果后的异军突起。这与当时大部分科技的发展遭到的际遇，大致相同。
第五章文艺复兴，分为七小节，分别是医学和人道主义、艺术和解剖学、盖伦学派的终结、梅毒和感染理论、帕拉塞萨斯、伯雷和他外科学以及产科学。这一章，主要介绍了文艺复兴期间，医学的蓬勃发展及其成果。当中还特别提到了达•芬奇，称之为“解剖学之父”。
第六章17世纪，分外五小节，分别是科学的黄金时代、哈维与血液循环、物理医学和化学医学、第一个显微镜学家和发展与偏颇。而在17世纪的医学发展中，哈维的血液循环论，无疑是一个重大的突破。而引进物理学和化学到医学中来，无疑是对过去医学的经验主义一种质的飞跃，医学也进入了可以量化的时代。而医德的重要，也在这个特别的世纪被重提。
第七章18世纪，分为五小节，分别是启蒙时代、博哈弗和追随者们、现代病理学奠基人、催眠术和顺势疗法和牛痘接种的发现。其中又一个有趣的关于万物有灵论，在医学研究方法上的争辩。
第八章近代以来，分为十小节，分别是硕果时代、巴黎学派、麻醉术、军事医学与现代护理、消毒、公共卫生、战胜感染、x射线出现以后、神经疾病和精神疾病和医学的过去与未来。消毒的重要性被发现，无疑是医学史上的又一次重要飞跃。从此以后，因医学器材不洁，而带来的细菌感染，逐渐减小。而x射线发现后，从此在不解剖的情况下，观察活体的内部结构，不再成为问题。在治疗肿瘤时，更新增加了放射疗法。
读完以后，对医学一路走来的历史，有了初步了解。可惜，里面的中医，只是在医学的历史中早期文明一章里，占很小的一部分而已。
医学读书心得体会范文5《西方医学史》读书心得
简单地说，世上行医的人大致可以分为几类：医匠(为赚钱陌生而行医)、医生(为治病救人而行医)、医师(为弘扬医学而行医)、医学家(为人类健康而行医)
大致说来，广义的医学在数千年的发展过程中，先后经历的三个不同的、相互交替的阶段：神道医学(Magical or Religious Medicine)、经验医学(Empirical Medicine)和理性医学(Scientific Medicine).
神道医学：将人类疾病归因于神灵的惩罚或魔鬼的作祟，而以祈祷、驱邪为主要手段，球的疾病缓解。
经验医学：医生运用自己的感官，对患者所表现的症状进行直接观察、描述，根据经验作出适当诊断，基本上派出了超自然因素(魔鬼、神灵)致病的可能。医生根据对患者的观察与分析，结合自己或他人的经验，使用药物或其他相应的辅助治疗，获得疾病的缓解。也被称为感性医学。
理性医学：完全排除了超自然的致病因素，以生物科学坐位临床实践的基础，又被称为生物医学或现代医学。
