A revolution in healthcare is coming
Welcome to Doctor You
Feb 1st 2018
NO WONDER they are called “patients”.When people enter the health-care systems of rich countries today, they know what they will get: prodding doctors, endless tests, baffling jargon, rising costs and, above all, long waits. Some stoicism will always be needed, because health care is complex and diligence matters. But frustration is boiling over.This week three of the biggest names in American business—Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase—announced a new venture to provide better, cheaper health care for their employees. A fundamental problem with today’s system is that patients lack knowledge and control. Access to data can bestow both.
The internet already enables patients to seek online consultations when and where it suits them. You can take over-the-counter tests to analyse your blood, sequence your genome and check on the bacteria in your gut. Yet radical change demands a shift in emphasis, from providers to patients and from doctors to data. That shift is happening. Technologies such as the smartphone allow people to monitor their own health. The possibilities multiply when you add the crucial missing ingredients—access to your own medical records and the ability easily to share information with those you trust. That allows you to reduce inefficiencies in your own treatment and also to provide data to help train medical algorithms. You can enhance your own care and everyone else’s, too.
jargon: the language used for a particular activity or by a particular group of people
stoicism: the quality or behavior of a person who accepts what happens without complaining or showing emotion
现在病人走进一家医院，都能预料到会是什么样的：仓促的医生，数不清的检测，看不懂的病例，涨不停的费用和无尽的等待... 病人的问题就是他们不清楚状况和缺乏对自己病情的控制
所以亚马逊和JPMorgan还有Berkshire Hathaway 成立了一个新的公司，为他们的员工提供更好更廉价的医疗
The doctor will be you now
Medical data may not seem like the type of kindling to spark a revolution. But the flow of information is likely to bear fruit in several ways. One is better diagnosis. Someone worried about their heart can now buy a watch strap containing a medical-grade monitor that will detect arrhythmias. Apps are vying to see if they can diagnose everything from skin cancer and concussion to Parkinson’s disease. Research is under way to see whether sweat can be analysed for molecular biomarkers without the need for an invasive blood test. Some think that changes in how quickly a person swipes a phone’s touchscreen might signal the onset of cognitive problems.
A second benefit lies in the management of complex diseases. Diabetes apps can change the way patients cope, by monitoring blood-glucose levels and food intake, potentially reducing long-run harm such as blindness and gangrene. Akili Interactive, a startup, plans to seek regulatory approval for a video game designed to stimulate an area of the brain implicated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (see article).
医疗数据可能不会带来一个伟大的变革，但是会有非常多的好处，这四段分别讲了四个有用的地方，看经济学人重要的是看清楚文章的逻辑！
第一个好处是：更好地诊断
第二个好处是：管理复杂的疾病
Patients can also improve the efficiency of their care. Although health records are increasingly electronic, they are often still trapped in silos. Many contain data that machines cannot read. This can lead to delays in treatment, or worse. Many of the 250,000 deaths in America attributable to medical error each year can be traced to poorly co-ordinated care. With data at their fingertips, common standards to enable sharing and a strong incentive to get things right, patients are more likely to spot errors. On January 24th Apple laid out its plans to ask organisations to let patients use their smartphones to download their own medical records (see article).
A final benefit of putting patients in charge stems from the generation and aggregation of their data. Artificial intelligence (AI) is already being trained by a unit of Alphabet, Google’s parent company, to identify cancerous tissues and retinal damage. As patients’data stream from smartphones and “wearables”, they will teach AIs to do ever more. Future AIs could, for instance, provide automated medical diagnosis from a description of your symptoms, spot behavioural traits that suggest you are depressed or identify if you are at special risk of cardiac disease. The aggregation of data will also make it easier for you to find other people with similar diseases and to see how they responded to various treatments.
第三个好处是提高医疗效率
第四个好处是病人掌控自己的数据整合等
讲完了好处接下来讲坏处...
An Apple a day
As with all new technologies, pitfalls accompany the promise. Hucksters will launch apps that do not work. But with regulators demanding oversight of apps that present risks to patients, users will harm only their wallets. Not everyone will want to take active control of their own health care; plenty will want the professionals to manage everything.Fine. Data can be pored over by those who are interested, while those who are not can opt to share data automatically with trusted providers.
The benefits of new technologies often flow disproportionately to the rich. Those fears are mitigated by the incentives that employers, governments and insurers have to invest in cost-efficient preventive care for all. Alphabet has recently launched a firm called Cityblock Health, for example, which plans to trawl through patients’ data to provide better care for low-income city dwellers, many of them covered by Medicaid, an insurance programme for poorer Americans.
pitfall: a danger or problem that is hidden or not obvious at first
pore over: to read or study something very carefully
trawl: to search through something in order to find someone or something
很多先进的技术都是益了富人，因此这需要纳税人，政府和保险公司一起想出保障到所有人的医疗制度
Google在这方面有做出了努力，成立了一各公司Cityblock Health，为低收入人群提供更好的医疗！（真心觉得googlers 是为了人类进步而发展的公司...)
Other risks are harder to deal with.Greater transparency may encourage the hale and hearty not to take out health insurance. They may even make it harder for the unwell to find cover. Regulations can slow that process—by requiring insurers to ignore genetic data, for example—but not stop it. Security is another worry. The more patient data are analysed in the cloud or shared with different firms, the greater the potential threat of hacking or misuse. Almost a quarter of all data breaches in America happen in health care. Health firms should face stringent penalties if they are slapdash about security, but it is naive to expect that breaches will never happen.
Will the benefits of making data more widely available outweigh such risks? The signs are that they will. Plenty of countries are now opening up their medical records, but few have gone as far as Sweden. It aims to give all its citizens electronic access to their medical records by 2020; over a third of Swedes have already set up accounts. Studies show that patients with such access have a better understanding of their illnesses, and that their treatment is more successful. Trials in America and Canada have produced not just happier patients but lower costs, as clinicians fielded fewer inquiries. That should be no surprise. No one has a greater interest in your health than you do. Trust in Doctor You.
hale: healthy and strong, usually used in the phrase hale and hearty
一个坏处就是让那些身体情况良好的人不会再买保险，而让那些身体不好的人很难买到保险；还有分享的数据越多，就越有可能发生数据泄露和被黑客黑的可能
stringent: very strict or severe
slapdash: quick and careless
那分享这些医疗数据到底是不是利大于弊还是弊大于利？种种迹象标明是 利大于弊的！
总结：科技改变生活，本文是这期经济学人杂志的封面文章
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Results
Lexile®Measure: 1100L - 1200L
Mean Sentence Length: 16.04
Mean Log Word Frequency: 3.16
Word Count: 1030
这篇文章的蓝思值是在1100-1200L， 适合英语专业大二的水平学习，是经济学人里比较简单的
使用kindle断断续续地读《经济学人》三年，发现从一开始磕磕碰碰到现在比较顺畅地读完，进步很大，推荐购买！ 点击这里可以去亚马逊官网购买~
3D打印被用作《经济学人》杂志封面，主题为《看制造业新技术如何改变世界》，详细介绍了3D打印的历史和发展，可见人们对于3D打印成为一项可以改变世界的影响力日益关注。回顾2011年，3D打印市场并购整合成为主流，业内主流3D打印公司完成了大规模收购，建立未来3D打印全方位服务平台，以拓展更广的用户与合作伙伴群及联合研发更多适合市场推广的产品。
而3D打印的价值体现在想象力驰骋的各个领域，3D打印正让“天马行空”转变为“脚踏实地”的可能，人们利用3D打印为自己所在的领域贴上了个性化的标签。人们纷纷展示了如何3D打印马铃薯、巧克力、小镇模型，甚至扩展到用3D打印汽车和飞机。3D打印行业的发展犹如其定义本身，始终凸显着“创新突破”这一关键特质。
创新突破1：3D打印应用领域扩展延伸
3D打印的优势在2011年被充分应用于生物医药领域，利用3D打印进行生物组织直接打印的概念日益受到推崇。比较典型的包括Open3DP创新小组宣布3D打印在打印骨骼组织上的应用获得成功，利用3D打印技术制造人类骨骼组织的技术已经成熟；哈佛大学医学院的一个研究小组则成功研制了一款可以实现生物细胞打印的设备；另外，3D打印人体器官的尝试也正在研究中。【而在3D打印材料方面，Objet 公司相继推出新型生物相容性3D 打印材料以用于医疗和牙科解决方案。】
随着3D打印材料的多样化发展以及打印技术的革新，3D打印不仅在传统的制造行业体现出非凡的发展潜力，同时其魅力更延伸至食品制造、服装奢侈品、影视传媒以及教育等多个与人们生活息息相关的领域。
【以影视传媒为例，在2011年11月，由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格监制、休·杰克曼主演的动作励志影片《铁甲钢拳》，围绕未来世界的机器人拳击比赛，讲述了一个饱含梦想与亲情的励志故事，其中的父子情是影片大受欢迎的一大卖点。为了让片中的主角——机器人看起来更逼真，Legacy Effects特效公司使用Objet公司的3D打印机制作了1:5大小的模型。在完成建模、手绘、抛光和审核后，全尺寸的机器人“亚当”、“吵闹小子”和“奇袭”相继制作完成，高精度的3D打印制作呈现出了活灵活现的主角们。通过动作捕捉技术与实际大小仿真机器人模型的完美结合，则生动演绎了热血澎湃的机器人打斗画面，为影片加分不少。】
【除此之外，Legacy Effects公司还与Objet携手制作了好莱坞巨制《侏罗纪公园3》、《钢铁侠2》、《阿凡达》及动画片《鬼妈妈》中的各尺寸模型。】
创新突破2：3D打印速度、尺寸及技术日新月异
在速度突破上，2011年，个人使用3D打印机的速度已突破了送丝速度300mm每秒的极限，达到350mm每秒。在体积突破上，3D打印机体积为适合不同行业的需求，也呈现“轻盈”和“大尺寸”的多样化选择。目前已有多款适合办公室打印的小巧3D打印机，并在不断挑战“轻盈”极限，为未来进入家庭奠定基础。
在Vienna University of Technology的一个研究项目中，该团队设计了迄今为止世界上最小的3D打印设备，并且降低了打印设备的制造成本，也有望未来进驻家庭。 在“大尺寸”领域，在德国的3D打印公司发布了4000x2000x1000mm尺寸的3D打印机，该款大尺寸3D打印机使打印大尺寸部件一次成型成为可能。
3D打印技术日新月异，在2011年Lexus对外发布了新3D打印技术，该技术基于高科技循环编织技术，使用激光进行3D打印， 能够以编织的方式制作复杂的3D模型。
利用3D打印技术改善艺术及生活的例子屡见不鲜。例如荷兰时尚设计师Iris van Herpen 展示了它的服装设计作品，这些服装作品全部使用3D打印机一次成型。通过3D打印技术制造的服装，突破了传统服装剪裁的限制，帮助设计师完整地展现其灵感。而在Cornell大学的一个项目中，研究团队制造了一台3D打印机用于打印食物，展现了烹调的独特方式。其优势在于能够精确控制食物内部材料分布和结构，将原本需要经验和技术的精细烹调转换为电子屏幕前的简单设计。
创新突破3：设计平台革新
基于3D打印民用化普及的趋势，3D打印的设计平台正从专业设计软件向简单设计应用发展，其中比较成熟的平台有基于WEB的3D设计平台——3D Tin，另外，微软、谷歌以及其他软件行业巨头也相继推出了基于各种开放平台的3D打印应用，大大降低了3D设计的门槛，甚至有的应用已经可以让普通用户通过类似玩乐高积木的方式设计3D模型。
来源一般是英美比较主流的报刊杂志，比如《经济学家》、《新闻周刊》、《纽约时报》、《时代周刊》。
从2012年1月28日开始，英国《经济学人》杂志开辟了新的中国专栏，为有关中国的文章提供更多的版面。为了配合新专栏的开辟，2012年1月28日出版的《经济学人》杂志封面文章也是关于中国的，讨论了中国经济的发展模式及其转型。
而在新开辟的专栏内，安排了六篇关于中国政治、经济、社会等方面的文章，包括云南的烟草与咖啡种植业、政府在经济生活中的角色、房地产行业等等。
扩展资料：
考试范围
1、 语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2、词汇
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
参考资料来源：
百度百科-经济学家
百度百科-考研英语
国外的政治家们每年都会有人登上杂志的封面，像是奥巴马、普京等都是杂志封面的常客。就连现在的美国总统特朗普在早年也上过杂志封面，不过与其他人不同，特朗普上的可是《花花公子》杂志的封面。《花花公子》杂志封面一般都是装扮性感的女郎照片，特朗普之所以会登上杂志其实是他自己主动要求的。特朗普一共结过三次婚，而1990年特朗普第一次离婚是他最知名的一次。
当时夫妻双方结婚13年并有3个孩子。之所以离婚是因为特朗普当时有了新欢，也就是后来特朗普的第二任妻子。而特朗普与第一任妻子两人本身就是舆论制造的高手，更是当年娱乐版头条的常客。所以当年再与前妻离婚时，特朗普想尽各种办法上了《花花公子》的封面，同时也接受了杂志关于他的专访，这次的事情又让特朗普出尽风头。年轻的特朗普就是喜欢塑造一个满嘴浑话，又高调，又炫富的纨绔子弟形象，他自己对此也非常乐意。除了现任美国总统曾上过《花花公子》，上任美国总统奥巴马则是首位在任期内登上LGBT杂志封面的美国总统。《Out》杂志是全美发行量最大的同性恋杂志，当时的奥马巴支持美国的婚姻平等，并推动了相关法案的施行，因此登上了该杂志封面。
再来说说普京，他可是曾霸占过很多国家的杂志封面。先来欣赏一下：不管是本国内的还是国际上的，通过观察普京上过的这些杂志那就能猜到他的影响力到底有多大！有个事可以很好地说明这一点。
有一年的俄罗斯版《Vogue》杂志封面邀请的竟然是普京的情人——卡巴耶娃，当时杂志这么做的目的是想激怒普京而获得关注。普京与卡巴耶娃的绯闻一直是俄罗斯人民茶余饭后的话题。当然还有很多国家的领导人也都曾或多或少地登上过杂志封面，比如：法国历史上最年轻的总统纽埃尔·马克龙。英国前首相卡梅伦、前首相布莱尔、前首相撒切尔夫人都曾登上过时代或经济学人的杂志封面成为当年叱咤全世界的人物。
但与特朗普、奥巴马和普京相比，其他人不管是从话题性还是出现频率来讲，都还达不到这三位的程度。
