Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature.
Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written.
The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all.
WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other.
As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond.
Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy.
Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died.Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton.Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "... my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about Heathcliff.The hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children.
This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at all. To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married ..."(125). Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar Linton. Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was going to be fun. Yet, after a while, she became bored. She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love Heathcliff.This enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's life. An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and Linton. Because this was a forced marriage, Cathy had not yet learned all she could about Linton.Because she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate, she became distressed and grew isolated in the house.These three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very important.While these marriages took place, jealousy also took a hold in some relationships. One example of this is when Mr. Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son, Hindley. Because of this, Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a nightmare. Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ,"... be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are, imp of Satan."(35). Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar Linton.
The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the book. As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one another. Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and Linton. These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's affections. This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each other. These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very quickly.
The housekeeper Ellen Dean, or we can call her Nelly, tells most of the story. She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two families. She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she said. She always thinks and considers things in a simple way. She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and Heathcliff. She thinks it is a kind of madness. She is a limited narrator. In a certain way, this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend himself. An outsider will see the whole thing more clearly. However, we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the lines.
As a main character Catherine is a paradox. She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love him. She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her heart. Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and wealth. I think this comment is unfair. In fact, she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s power.” Her decision ruins herself, Heathcliff and the two families. She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his wife. She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always, always in my mind—not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than herself. His existence is natural to her for they are the same in nature. They could understand each other without obstacles.
Talking about Heathcliff, he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is straight. Everyone has a devil in his heart. The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially strong. In spite of this, I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to Heathcliff. She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human nature.
专业英语教学论文2000字范文
在日常学习和工作生活中，大家都写过论文吧，论文对于所有教育工作者，对于人类整体认识的提高有着重要的意义。相信很多朋友都对写论文感到非常苦恼吧，下面是我精心整理的专业英语教学论文2000字范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
论文题目： 高等农业院校专业英语教学的思索与探讨
摘要： 专业英语在高等院校的课程设置中占有重要的地位，尤其是农业院校的专业设置与国际先进的技术紧密接轨，本科生以及研究生对专业英语的掌握直接影响到其将来研究课题的质量。本文针对高等农业院校专业外语教学中的教材编撰、教学内容、教学方法等环节进行了讨论，针对现有的问题提出解决的方案，以期提高高校专业英语的教学质量。
关键词： 专业英语；农业；高等教育
专业英语也称为科技英语，与高等院校开设的大学英语课程有较大的区别，是各个专业结合本专业特点，向学生讲授的主要包含本专业或者相关专业英语词汇及科技论文相关内容的一门英语课程。大部分专业都会开设专业英语课程，有些还作为学生的必修课来进行，以此促进学生以国际化的视角来深入理解所学的专业知识。农业院校由于其所开设专业的特点，除常见的栽培学、植物保护学、植物营养及环境相关的英文内容外，大部分专业也都会涉及分子生物学、生物化学等领域的一些专有名词、术语及相关内容。不同院系在专业英语课程设置上也有所不同，有的设为必修课，有的设为选修课，有的设为研究生课程，由此可见，各个院系都很重视专业外语在本科生、研究生培养中的重要作用和不可或缺的地位。本文从农业院校专业英语的教学出发，对农业相关院校开设专业英语课程中所遇到的问题和亟待解决的问题进行了分析，并探讨了加以改进和完善的途径和方法，以期推动农业院校专业英语教学的专业化和国际化，达到所期望的教学目的。
一、根据专业特点编撰教材
目前，专业外语的教学尚无针对农业院校专业特点编撰的相关专业外语教材，开设专业外语的院系多采用自编的形式为教学搜集素材和教学内容。并且，随着授课老师的更换，讲授的内容也会随之发生一定的变化，根据授课老师专业的不同，教学内容也偏向某一特定领域。目前这种状况对学生学习专业词汇相当不利，对于将来的英语论文写作也没有太大的帮助。针对这一情况，不同院系应该根据本院系的专业设置组织相关人员编写适合本院系专业的英语教材，教材内容应囊括本院系所设置专业的基本英语词汇和理论知识。这样本院系学生在学习专业英语过程中不仅仅能接触到本专业的英语词汇和论文知识，对于相关专业的英语词汇也有较广泛的认知，由此扩大学生的词汇量与知识储备。编撰过程中应注意涵盖基本理论和知识的英语词汇和科技文章，可以参考相关专业中文教材中的重点教学内容来组织英文教学内容，这样学生在学习过程中可以对中、英专业知识进行对照学习，比较容易形成系统的知识体系，也可以避免学生在学习过程中对于一些专业理论知识只识中文而不知英文表达方法，或者学到专业英语词汇时却不知道对应的中文表述。当学生有了扎实的中文理论知识，再进一步学习专业英语知识时，就很容易产生兴趣，也会产生较好的教学效果。
二、增加英文文献教学内容
由于农业院校的专业特点，不可避免的会学习到本领域内一些先进的理论和技术，而教材在选择内容上偏重较为基础的知识。理论和技术的发展是日新月异的，因此无法在教材中迅速、及时的体现出来。那么在讲授过程中就应该适时的增加2～3篇最新的英文研究文献进行讲授，让学生在学习了基本的英语词汇和知识之后也能接触到本领域最先进的研究理论、成果和技术，以此调动学生学习专业英语的积极性，激发学生进一步求学或深造的愿望。这部分英文文献讲授内容可以从国际知名杂志的刊发内容中选择，而且讲授内容的可变灵活性可以让每一届学生都能接触到当年最新发表的一些相关专业的科学论文，有利于学生知识的更新。英文文献的教学内容作为专业英语教材教学内容之外的补充，能够更好地体现专业英语的重要性以及提高学生对于专业词汇的理解和应用的能力。对于某些需要发表论文的学生更加重要，在论文的撰写方面将起到尤为积极的作用。
三、提高教师的专业英文及学术水平
目前担任专业英语课程的教师普遍具有较好的英语表达和写作能力，但由于其专业的局限性，往往发生这种情况，即在讲授自己较为熟悉或与自己的研究领域较近的英语词汇及知识时得心应手，讲的也比较透彻，而在涉及自己较为陌生的英语词汇及知识时，就稍显不足，讲解也稍显欠缺，不免给学生讲授内容不均匀的感觉，使得学生在学习本课程时也受讲授老师的影响而偏向某一方面的英语学习。针对这一情况，相关院系在安排任课老师时，可根据教材内容和教师专业及英文水平安排2～3位老师任课在讲授不同内容时，由对要讲授的内容较为熟悉的教师讲授，这样就可避免对教材内容讲授不均、甚至略过某一内容的现象发生。同时，任课老师也要不断的提高自己的英语表达和写作水平，不断地阅读和学习最新的研究文献，充实自己的知识，并努力提高自己的专业学术水平，这样在课程的学习中，学生才可以通过老师学习到更新、更专业的专业英语。
四、加强与学生的英文交流
在专业英语的授课过程中，多数教师会选择多用中文进行解释讲析，或者对一些专业词汇与生僻词汇以中文加以解释，在整个过程中仍然以中文为主。英译中成了最主要的授课模式。为了使学生建立英文思维，教师可以尝试以英文解释英文，并且在与学生的交流过程中尽可能的使用英文。这样除了会取得较好的教学效果，也可激发学生的英语学习兴趣。当然，这种以英语为主的授课模式与教师和学生的英语水平有极大的关系。任课老师应该以此为目标，在不断提高自己英语水平的基础上，积极与学生以英文为主要交流语言，通过专业英语课程使得教师和学生都有所收获。学校也应适当的给教师提供进修学习的机会，以不断提高教师的水平，保证专业英语的授课质量，也为本专业的发展与国际接轨提供保障。
五、提高学生的英语交流能力
专业英语的授课对象是高校学生，包括本科生与研究生，学生的英语水平直接影响学生专业英语的学习效果。任课教师可以在课程讲授过程中鼓励学生以自己感兴趣的方向为主要内容，撰写英文的短小综述或简介，并请学生在全班或者小组间以英文进行交流讨论，或将自己的观点进行阐述。通过这样的学习方式提高学生的英语交流能力，掌握专业词汇的使用和表述方法。教师也可以根据院系条件聘请相关专业的外国专家讲授部分学时的课程，提高学生的国际交流能力，鼓励学生参加国际会议，加强与国际专家的交流与联系。只有学生有兴趣，教师有能力，学习有条件，专业英语课程才能取得高质量的教学效果，才能为培养全面发展的优秀学生提供保障。
六、使用多媒体教学
无论哪类课程，现在基本上都以多媒体教学为主。有的课程可以图文并茂的向学生展示教学内容，并配以老师的讲解，课堂氛围就会相对活泼。但是，专业英语课程有其特殊性，主要依赖文字教学，即在老师制作的幻灯中多以文字出现，同时教师的讲解也受英语语言水平的限制，多以中文加以说明。这样的内容呈现方式较为枯燥乏味，学生容易产生疲惫、厌学的消极情绪。针对这种情况，教师可以选择购买一些与专业有关的英语科教影像制品，在适当的讲解过一些专业词汇后进行播放，在播放过程中，也可对影像中出现的`生僻词汇和用法进行讲解，或对讲解中未曾涉及的新技术或理论加以解释。这样既能引发学生的学习兴趣，也可锻炼学生的英语听力，同时增加了学生的专业词汇量，也可取得更好的教学效果。当然，影像内容的选择受市场现有产品的限制，在选择范围较窄的时候，教师可以选择相关学科的影像制品作为替代，比如，分子生物学专业的英语课程可适当选择生命的起源、地球的形成或者生物进化等方面的教学内容，也可起到同样的效果。
七、与专业实验相结合
由于多数农业院校开设的专业都有其相应的实验技术，且实验教学是专业教学中不可或缺的内容。专业英语在教学过程中也可和相应的专业实验教学相结合，担任专业英语课程的教师也应该同时能够胜任实验教学，这样在一次实验课程设置中就可以完成两项教学内容，同时使学生学习实验技术和专业英语词汇，起到双重的作用。可以增加实验课程的课时量，这样学生就有充分的时间来学习、消化学习的技术和词汇，并可在学生的自己动手过程中加深印象。
八、增加课下英语交流时间
英语语言的提高只有在不断的应用过程中才能实现，专业英语也不例外。由于高校的英语考试制度，学生学习英语的热情普遍较高，但对专业英语却不太积极。针对这一点，可以在课下增加英语交流时间，不仅仅是任课老师，也可邀请其他课程英语水平较好的老师参加，针对一些学生学习过程中的问题进行讨论。这样可以使学生在与老师的交流中提高专业英语水平，也提高了学生学习普通英语的积极性，使课程与课程之间互相产生良性循环，彼此促进，取得更好的英语学习效果。并且，课下的英语交流对于教师不断提高自己的专业与英语水平也是一个促进，只有这样才能保证高水平的教学质量。
综上所述，专业英语既是一门基础课程，也是一门外语课程，其内容涉及英语与中文两种语言，也涉及专业基本理论知识，对于教师的要求较高。任课教师既要具有较高的学术水平也要具有较高的英语水平，并且要不断的充实、提高自己才能培养出全面发展、优秀合格的学生。专业英语教学过程中，要充分掌握课程特点，极力创造好的教学条件，配备雄厚的师资力量，才能取得一流的教学质量。
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In 2002 will be implemented in three 10 X college entrance examination system. College entrance examination system in the reform of English teaching reforms. The key lies in establishing the class-based teaching system (1) listening and speaking. Against the status quo of poor listening and speaking ability of students to open every Monday of English listening and speaking sections. Use the latest teaching listening "to the future", "traveled the United States," "expect English," and other tapes, video tapes and newspapers, using advanced listening equipment in the classroom teaching through listening, speaking, dialogue, performances, lectures and other lively, interesting students heard about the form of training to improve the communication skills of students, training students in the level of oral expression, reversing the pre-existing "dumb-style" English teaching status quo. (2) the addition of extensive reading classes, the establishment of Foreign Language Reading Room. Although the new textbooks to read the current increased, but far from what is needed. In order to expand the scope of the students exposure to English, optional printing a variety of genres, subjects suitable for students to read the article. According to the requirements of content and reading test, teachers will be articles to classify each article in the post-coupled with an appropriate amount of reading comprehension questions. In order to broaden the teaching of English extension, so that extensive reading in English from the curricular and extra-curricular extension to the establishment of foreign language reading acquisition have been published in a variety of domestic suitable for high school students to read English books, will be in English Extensive Reading from the classroom extended to Yuelan Shi to further stimulate students interest in reading and initiative. Subscribe for students in English newspapers and magazines, the establishment of English specialty health system, at any time to give them an open reading rooms and study rooms. Teaching through extensive reading, students can not only consolidate the textbooks and the basics, but also can improve the self-learning ability to develop intelligence, reading to be fun. (3) The creation of writing classes. Poor writing skills for students in English and Chinese-style English sentences in the written expression of uncommon situation, the school can fully use my existing computer software, according to the new textbooks written request, step by step training on the students writing. "English written expression and training", will be Practical, descriptive text, description text and carry out the purpose of discussion, sub-level guidance training. Writing Course opened for the entrance examination is not merely to prepare for the written expression, but also enable students to learn a variety of English style of writing methods and techniques to meet the future requirements of the community of foreign language experts. (4) The implementation of the different levels of English teaching, the successful introduction of English classes and increase class. Students according to their actual English proficiency, the free selection of the successful lessons to enhance our lessons. School teachers to take a listing. The basis of less successful lessons where students can make up for deficiencies in knowledge and a good grasp of double-base implementation, to develop their own non-intellectual factors, promote the improvement of performance and enjoy the joy of success. The basis of good students can participate in improving the high level of English classes comprehensive training to promote their own standard of English to the "high, precision and advanced the" development and outline the task ahead of schedule to prepare for the contest. 2002年全国将实施3十X高考制度。高考制度在改革，英语教学改革势在必行。 关键在于建立各课型教学体系 （1）听说课。针对学生听说能力差的现状，开设每周一节次的英语听说课。选用最新听力教材“走向未来”，“走遍美国”，“希望英语”等录音带，录像带及报纸，利用先进的听音设备，在课堂教学中通过听，说，对话，表演，演讲等各种生动，有趣的形式对学生进行听说训练，提高学生的交际能力，训练学生的口语表达水平，扭转以前存在的“哑巴式”英语教学的现状。 （2）增设泛读课，建立外文阅览室。现行新教材尽管阅读量增加，但远远不能满足需要。为了扩大学生对英语的接触范围，可选印各种体裁，题材适于学生阅读的文章。根据内容和阅读测试的要求，教师将文章进行分类，在每篇文章后配以适量的阅读理解题。为了拓宽英语课堂教学的外延，使英语泛读由课内延伸到课外，建立外文阅览室，购置国内现已出版发行的各种适合中学生阅读的英语读物，将英语泛读由教室扩展到阅览室，进一步激发学生的阅读兴趣和主动性。为学生订阅英文报刊和杂志，建立英语特长生制度，随时给他们开放阅览室和自修室。通过泛读课教学，学生不仅能巩固课本中出现的基础知识，而且能提高自学能力，开发智力，从阅读中得到乐趣。 （3）开设写作课。针对学生英文写作能力差，中国式英语句子在书面表达屡见不鲜的状况，可充分利用我校现有的电脑软件，根据新教材写作要求，循序渐进地对学生进行写作训练。 “英语书面表达与训练”，将应用文，描写文，说明文和论述进行有目的，分层次的指导训练。开设写作课不仅仅是单纯为高考的书面表达做准备，也是让学生学会各种英语文体的写作方法与技巧，适应未来社会对外语人才的要求。 （4）实施英语分层次教学，开设英语成功课与提高课。学生可以根据自己的实际英语水平，自由挑选上成功课还是提高课。教师采取挂牌上课。基础较差的学生可以在成功课里弥补知识的缺陷，抓好双基落实，开发自己的非智力因素，促进成绩的提高，享受成功的喜悦。基础较好的学生可以参加提高班的较高水平的英语综合训练，促使自己的英语水平向“高，精，尖”发展，提前完成大纲任务并为竞赛作好准备。
