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AbstractIn the new wave of curriculum reform, under the impetus of high school mathematics teaching reform has achieved remarkable results. Undeniably, the vast majority of middle school mathematics teachers at this stage still give and accept the traditional teaching model, most students are still passive acceptance, the basic characteristics of rote learning of mathematics. Cooperative learning as a new teaching philosophy, in mathematics teaching has not been widespread this paper, the traditional middle school mathematics teaching in some of the disadvantages of cooperative learning in a group to carry out the principles of teaching and experiments, on the basis of previous research, 23 secondary schools in Guiyang two days (3) classes as the experimental class, This type of urban fringe and the level of secondary school mathematics teaching strategy of cooperative learning in a preliminary study and cooperative learning theory in this paper under the guidance of students in mathematics from the emotional values, and academic performance of students and the learning ability of students proceed to identify cooperative learning and the combination of mathematics starting point to explore the urban-rural junior middle schools for the actual cooperative learning thorough understanding of urban-rural junior high school students to the special geographical environment and psychological characteristics, based on efforts to apply the theory of cooperative learning in mathematics teaching practice, to achieve in practice, teaching Interactions between the main group to form a set of units of cooperative learning, improve their sense of cooperation and collaboration skills, the new curriculum reform to achieve the knowledge and ability to promote the development of all aspects of the students. Cooperative learning of mathematics paper also summarizes the urban fringe in the junior high school mathematics teaching a variety of cooperative learning and collaboration skills, to develop students awareness of cooperation and communication skills, improve their academic performance, students self-control and collective honor dare; to the adoption of 23 secondary schools in Guiyang experimental results point to an area that has the characteristics of cooperative learning in mathematics can be combined with other junior high school in urban and rural areas to promote the new curriculum ideas to get to practice in words: cooperative learning; secondary mathematics teaching; the urban fringe; Practice & Research
Summary of the new wave of curriculum reform, under the impetus of high school mathematics teaching reform has achieved remarkable results. 但不可否认，现阶段我国绝大多数中学数学教师仍然采用传统的授受教学模式，绝大多数中学生也仍是采用被动接受、死记硬背为基本特点的数学学习方式。 Undeniably, the vast majority of middle school mathematics teachers at this stage still give and accept the traditional teaching model, most students are still passive acceptance, the basic characteristics of rote learning of mathematics. 合作学习作为一种新的教学理念，在数学教学中并未得到普遍的运用。 Cooperative learning as a new teaching philosophy, in mathematics teaching has not been widespread use.本文针对传统中学数学教学中存在的一些弊端，本着对合作学习要进行分组教学与实验的原则，在前人研究的基础上，以贵阳市第23中学初二（3）班为实验班，对城乡结合部这种类型与层次的中学数学教学合作学习的策略进行了初步研究和实践。 In this paper, the traditional middle school mathematics teaching in some of the disadvantages of cooperative learning in a group to carry out the principles of teaching and experiments, on the basis of previous research, 23 secondary schools in Guiyang City, the first two days (3) classes as the experimental class, This type of urban fringe and the level of secondary school mathematics teaching strategy of cooperative learning in a preliminary study and practice.本文在中外合作学习理论的指导下，从学生数学情感价值观、和学生的学业成绩以及学生的学习能力出发，找出合作学习与数学学科相结合的切入点，探讨了适合城乡结合部初级中学实际的合作学习模式。 Sino-foreign cooperative learning theory in this paper under the guidance of students in mathematics from the emotional values, and academic performance of students and the learning ability of students proceed to identify cooperative learning and the combination of mathematics starting point to explore the urban-rural junior middle schools for the actual cooperative learning mode.在充分了解城乡结合部初级中学学生特殊的地域环境和心理特征基础上，努力把合作学习的理论运用到数学教学的实际中，在实践中实现生生互动教学为主，形成了一套以小组为单位的合作学习方式，提高学生的合作意识和合作技能，达到新课程改革的知识与能力、促进学生全方面的发展。 A thorough understanding of urban-rural junior high school students to the special geographical environment and psychological characteristics, based on efforts to apply the theory of cooperative learning in mathematics teaching practice, to achieve in practice, teaching Interactions between the main group to form a set of units of cooperative learning, improve their sense of cooperation and collaboration skills, the new curriculum reform to achieve the knowledge and ability to promote the development of all aspects of the students. 论文还从数学合作学习中总结出城乡结合部初级中学数学教学多种合作学习方式和合作技巧、培养学生合作意识的和交际能力、提高学生学业成绩，培养学生自控能力和集体荣誉敢；以期通过贵阳市第23中学的实验成果，以点带面，使具有数学学科特色的合作学习能在城乡结合其它初级中学得以推广，让新课程的理念在教学中获得到实践。 Cooperative learning of mathematics paper also summarizes the urban fringe in the junior high school mathematics teaching a variety of cooperative learning and collaboration skills, to develop students awareness of cooperation and communication skills, improve their academic performance, students self-control and collective honor dare; to the adoption of 23 secondary schools in Guiyang experimental results point to an area that has the characteristics of cooperative learning in mathematics can be combined with other junior high school in urban and rural areas to promote the new curriculum ideas to get to practice in teaching.关键词：合作学习；中学数学教学；城乡结合部；实践与研究 Key words: cooperative learning; secondary mathematics teaching; the urban fringe; Practice & Research
我在学姐的推荐下找到了翻译狗，他最大的优点就是PDF可以直接进行翻译，而且翻译出来的排版和原来的英文排版一致，无需排版方便校对，缺点就是大量翻译要收费，而且语法会有一些问题，后期需要修改，也可以直接找北京译顶科技翻译，人工肯定是比机翻好。
论文用到的专业性词汇比较多，很多时候在写英文的时候可能会感到困难，我用过的是这个，你看一下吧。
第一步，在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
第二步，点击【选择文件】，从电脑中选中文件（注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分），点击【打开】。
第三步，文件上传之后，看到翻译语种选择，设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】，点击右下角【立即翻译】。
第四步，等到翻译完成，屏幕上会跳出温馨提示，点击【查看文件】，就能找到保存在电脑上已经翻译成英文的论文摘要了。
用谷歌翻译一下，然后复制到文档里，有红色破浪线的的地方自己改改就好了吧！
可以使用翻译软件或者向英语擅长的朋友进行请教。首先，英语基础差的朋友，可以借助于一些工具来帮助翻译。我们以搜狗浏览器为例，点击浏览器地址栏右侧的更多扩展按钮，选择获取，进搜狗浏览器扩展中心，搜索翻译，可以找到多款翻译软件，建议下载两款，对比翻译效果之后使用。安装之后开始应用，我们只需要点开翻译软件，把中文内容复制进去，点击翻译文字，就能输出翻译结果了。我们把全部摘要都借助工具翻译完以后，也要自己通读一遍，看文句是否通顺。另外，根据经验来说，逐字逐句的翻译一般会出现语法错误和前后不能很好衔接的问题，所以我们最好还是请英语好的朋友帮忙润色一下，每个人总会有几个有英语专长的朋友的。如果找不到合适帮忙的朋友，就去网上找一些付费的人工翻译，为了发表一篇高质量的论文，有点投入，也是值得的。
1、首先论文摘要翻译成英文可以借助一些翻译软件。2、其次把英文摘要写好了以后上传至翻译软件中。3、最后自己对照翻译后的内容进行修改即可。
译云翻译，国家级的。专门做翻译的，人工，机器，工具都有。语料库也很强
有道相对来说要专业些，但是所有的翻译软件包括谷歌都只是翻译成名词性短语，建议译后再检查！
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求认为医方翻译网站要看具体的你是搞什么啦？方面的翻译呀，你既可以点击到往绩上，他基本上就会翻译出来，各方面网站里都有啊。
论文翻译，自己翻译的比较靠谱。
问题一：什么样的论文需要写英文摘要 是否要写英文摘要，要看论文发表的杂志级别。一般说来，国家级的、省级的、市级的专业杂志发表的论文都需要英文摘要。只不过，市级以下级别的杂志有些混乱，原因是有些杂志为了抬高地位或是其他原因，故意而为。所以，要不要英文摘要，还要以杂志编辑部要求为准。大学生毕业生的毕业论文，则依据学院的要求。 问题二：请问大家，论文的英文摘要应该放在论文的哪个部分？ 如果你写的是中文论文并附有英文摘要的话，应该是将英文摘要附在论文的最后。最直接的办法是找到你论文要发表的杂志，看看杂志上的格式是否是这样。 问题三：毕业论文英文摘要去哪儿可以查到 基本都是自己写的摘要通过翻译直接就是英文摘要，摘要不作为复查比项目，可以放心措辞。特殊专业的英文摘要一般师兄会给，自己要找的话，学校内部网有国外论文资料。 问题四：毕业论文中英文摘要必须在同一页上吗？ 看要求了。如果没有明确亥要求，先中文摘要、关键词，再英文摘要、关键词，按正常的往下排即可，不用管放在哪一页。 如果有要求，就要分页了。 问题五：论文中文摘要和英文摘要是在同一页上还是分开在两页上？ 大部分的英文论文都不是在一页上的，中文摘要在前，英文摘要在结尾 问题六：论文摘要如何翻译成英文 在2010版的word内就有这个功能。（选中要翻译的文字，点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项，点击“翻译”，选择英文翻译，再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具，直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻： The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a plex issue, market-oriented工economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has bee China's economy reform process of the outstanding issues.。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, the authenticity of the principle of different, accounting sound principle and tax payments to determine the difference in accounting importance of the principles and tax legal principle and the accounting and tax 。differences on the substance over form understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the accrual basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic globalization. Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax adjustmentces. 问题七：论文自动生成目录中英文摘要变成大写怎么都弄不成小写怎么办 论文自动生成目录中英文摘要本来就应该是大写 问题八：论文英文摘要是中文摘要的翻译版吗？ 大多是互译的，也可以得不一样，但中心要是一样的，毕竟论文是一份。所以表达的意思是一个。当然不一定要一次一句的翻译。。。 问题九：发表论文要不要写英文摘要 一般来说，要求不严的省级刊物可以不要求中文摘要关键词、参考文献 要求严格的省级刊物，都要求这些内容必备埂国家级刊物，要求不严格的，可以只有中文摘要和参考文献，不需要英文摘要和关键词 要求严格的国家级刊物，要求中英文摘要和关键词、参考文献 核心刊物，基本上全都要求具备这些资料，不需要的很少。
如果毕业论文整篇都是英文写的话，摘要应该是要放在关键词之后的吧
写在关键词之前啊，论文正文写的顺序一般是（感谢词）（摘要） Words（关键词） （目录）（参考文献）我也是刚写完论文，呵呵，祝你论文写作顺利哦
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse （学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper 作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
求认为医方翻译网站要看具体的你是搞什么啦？方面的翻译呀，你既可以点击到往绩上，他基本上就会翻译出来，各方面网站里都有啊。
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thesis 论文 (一本， 如硕士，博士论文)。paper 文章(发表在杂志上的一篇 一篇的) ÄÕÂ