英语影视作品毕业论文范文

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

电影翻译中文化意象的重构、修润与转换电影翻译中文化意象重构能及时有效地吸引广大观众。而对文化意象作恰如其分的修润,能使译文在有限的时间内传达于观众。东西方文化的差异导致了某些文化意象的不等值,采用直译手法处之,会使观众难以认同。关键词:电影翻译;文化意象;寓意;重构;修润;转换中国的电影翻译事业已走过了五十多年辉煌的历程。在这半个世纪中,电影翻译工作者给广大观众奉献出了许多优秀的译制片,观众从这些优秀的译制片中不仅领略、了解到了异国的风土人情,同时也感受到了语言给人带来的无穷魅力。许多优秀译制片中的精彩对白已成为中国观众争相传诵的佳句。如“面包会有的,一切都会有的”。(前苏联影片《列宁在一九一八》)曾鼓舞了几代身处逆境中的中国观众。由此可见,电影作为大众传媒,其社会效应是无可估量的。然而,在学术领域内,由于受世俗偏见的影响,电影翻译研究却颇受冷落,翻译研究人员似乎“完全把这一领域给忽略了。”[1](P99)为此,我国著名影视翻译界学者钱绍昌教授撰文指出:“翻译界对影视翻译的重视远不如文学翻译。”而这“与影视翻译的社会作用不相称。这一现象亟应引起翻译界的注意。”[2](P61)鉴于此,本文拟从语言的角度来探讨电影翻译中文化意象的重构、修润与转换。一、语言与文化意象语言(Language)不仅是人类思想感情表达与交流的工具,而且是文化的组成部分,是文化的载体。语言能真切地反映一个国家、一个民族的生态地域、政治经济、物质文化、宗教信仰、风俗习惯等。不同的语言决定了不同民族的不同思维方式,行为方式以及语言表达方式。语言在有声电影中是必不可少的组成部分,因为声画同步的视听艺术手段能最大程度地模拟现实,创造出酷似“真实”的艺术时空。如中国观众非常熟悉的《简爱》、《王子复仇记》、《叶塞尼亚》等优秀译制片中那玲珑别致、清晰明亮、颇具异国风情的语言,逼真、自然、随意,充满了生活气息。因而这些精彩的对白、片段令人百听不厌,久久不能忘怀,它们留给观众余韵不尽的美的享受。文化意象(Culture image)是“一种文化符号,它具有了相对固定的独特的文化含义,有的还带有丰富的意义,深远的联想,人们只要一提到它们,彼此间立刻心领神会,很容易达到思想沟通。”[3](P184)物象(Physical image)与寓意(Connotation)是意象(Image)的两个重要的组成部分。物象是信息意义的载体,是形成意象的客观事实;寓意是物象在一定语言文化环境中的引伸意义。意象的功能即能在不同的语境中,“以具体来表现抽象,以已知或易知来启迪未知或难知。”[4](P137)如宋代大诗人苏轼在其著名的“前赤壁赋”中用蜉蝣这种朝生暮死的小昆虫来比喻人生的短暂,人很渺小:“寄蜉蝣于天地,渺沧海之一粟。”[5](P509)英语谚语It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.[6](P1578)意为“骆驼负载过重时,再加上一根稻草也会把它压死。”谚语中意象词语the last straw “最后一根稻草”,生动形象地寓意为“某事或某物使人到了忍无可忍的极点。”二、重构文化意象译制片又称翻译片,顾名思义,一些国外优秀的影片必须通过翻译方能为中国观众所接受。电影翻译与其它文学作品翻译具有共同性,即用形象化的语言来表达形象思维中高超的艺术意境。但电影翻译又有区别于其它翻译的特殊性,即其译文要做到能见之于文,形之于声,达之于观众。著名翻译家Nida指出:“语言是文化的一部分,任何文本的意义都直接或是间接地反映一个相应的文化,词语意义最终也只能在其相应的文化中找到。”“文化的不同几乎很自然地体现在语言上的不相同。”[7](P28)汉语、英语分属两大不同的语系。汉语是象形文字而英语是一种字母文字。要在这两种截然不同的语际间进行成功切换,这对电影翻译工作者来说不是件易事。但研究表明老一代电影翻译工作者不仅给观众留下了许多耐人寻味的优秀译制片,同时也给电影翻译研究留下了不少值得研究的课题。笔者80年代初第一次在电视上看到英国电影Red Shoes播放时被译成“红舞鞋”,觉得也无可厚非。此片主要讲述了英国一名芭蕾舞女演员面对爱情与事业而不能作出正确抉择,最终走向断崖的凄惋的故事。尽管“红舞鞋”正确无误地译出了英文的原意,也紧扣剧情,但直译的平铺直叙,没有更深的寓意。观众如果光看片名,确实难以激起任何联想的波澜。80年代后期,在一次外国优秀影片巡回展的大幅广告上Red Shoes这部英国影片片名被译成了“红菱艳”,细细品味“红菱艳”这一译文,译者把那双纤巧的红舞鞋比作了中国观众妇孺皆知的红菱。它寓意红菱虽生长于浊水污泥,却娇艳迷人,特别是那两只弯弯的红菱角,犹如中国古代女子的三寸金莲,三寸金莲虽然小巧,但凝聚了多少女子的血泪,有的甚至为之付出了生命的代价。因此“红菱艳”这一片名隐含穿着如红菱般舞鞋的舞女艳丽却薄命。译者把这一极具中国文化特色的文化意象“红菱”注入其翻译中,从而成功地重构了一幅为广大中国观众所熟悉、能会意、肯接受的崭新的文化意象。文化意象重构(Reconstruction of Culture Image)这一巧夺天工的翻译手法在电影翻译中随处可见。如美国电影Waterloo Bridge这一片名原意为“滑铁卢桥”。众所周知,1817年英国在泰晤士河上出资建造了滑铁卢桥,以此来纪念威灵顿公爵指挥英国军队打败拿破仑而取得的滑铁卢战役的胜利。如果依据英文直译成“滑铁卢桥”,乍一看,观众定会认为这是部与拿破仑打仗有关的战争片或介绍与该桥建筑有关的纪录片。但看过此片的观众都知道这是一部感人至深的爱情片。影片描绘了第一次世界大战期间,年轻漂亮的女演员玛拉在滑铁卢桥上结识了青年军官罗依,并成了恋人。而后,玛拉获悉罗依战死疆场,痛不欲生,为了生存沦落为妓。当罗依奇迹般地出现时,她无法面对现实,为了爱情和名誉,她再次来到与罗依初恋的地方,丧生在车轮滚滚的滑铁卢大桥上。在中国几千年的文化史中,有着许多与之相仿的神话传说。如牛郎织女的“鹊桥相会”,陕西省蓝田县一年一度的“蓝桥相会”等。而“蓝桥相会”的传说与Waterloo Bridge故事情节有着许多异曲同工之处。所以译者把原名“滑铁卢桥”译成了“魂断蓝桥”,这样做不仅避开了中国观众由于地城文化差异、历史背景知识缺乏而引起的迷域;而且“蓝桥”这一隐含中国文化的意象能使观众一看到片名即刻领悟到这是部关于爱情的电影。电影翻译中文化意象重构的意义在于它能及时有效地达到使译文与观众勾通,使观众心领神会的效果,由此来吸引广大的影迷,创造译制片票房纪录的新高。仔细认真研究电影翻译中文化意象重构这样的翻译手法会不时令人拍案称奇。三、文化意象的修润由于中外观众知识面及文化背景等方面存在着巨大的差异,电影翻译工作者应尽可能地帮助观众去理解那些与一个民族的历史、地域文化、宗教习俗等有着密切相关的语言现象。电影翻译中如果对某些特定文化意象不作任何修润(Modification of Cultural Image)处理,就事论事直译,会造成这一文化意象的缺损,文化涵义支离破碎。英国电影《魂断蓝桥》[8]一开始,有这样一段画外音: Announceer’s Voice: At 11:15 this morning, the Prime Ministeer, speaking to the nation from Numbeer Ten Downing Street,announced that Great Britain is at war with Germany.广播员的声音:今天上午11点15分,首相在唐宁街10号向全国发表了讲话,宣布英国与德国处于交战状态。 应该指出此例忠实地译出了原文的字面层意义。但对“唐宁街10号”这一隐含文化意象地名不作些补充说明的话,相信绝大多数中国普通观众会茫然不知其所云。其一、观众不知道这个“唐宁街10号”在什么地方?其二、他们更不知道广播员在这里特地提及这个地名有何特别的寓意?为了使电影译文能在有限的时间内达之于广大观众。译者宜对上述译文作恰如其分的增补修润,如:今天上午11点15分,首相在唐宁街10号———英国首相府邸向全国发表了讲话,宣布英国与德国处于交战状态。通过增补“英国首相府邸”,观众这才真正认识到了“唐宁街10号”的“庐山真面目”。至此,“唐宁街10号”所隐含的意象立体地展现在观众的面前,观众才真正懂得具有典型地起域文化地名“唐宁街10号”的全部文化内涵。又如:Peter: Oh, this? Well, I like privacy when I retire. Yes, I’m very delicate in that respect. Prying eyeeees annoy me. Behold the walls of Jerichho! Err, maybe not aaas thick aas the ones that Joshua blew down with his trumpet. I just show you my heart’s in the right place, I’ll give you my best pair of pajamas. Do you mind joining the Israelites?彼得:这个吗?我休息的时候不想被别人干扰,在那方面我很敏感,不想被别人偷看。你看这耶利哥城墙,比不上约书亚用号角吹倒的墙厚,却比它安全多了。你看,我没有号角,为了表示我的公正无私,我把我那套最好的睡衣交给你用吧。你不想做以色列人吗?此例选自英国电影《一夜风流》[9]。这段对白译文非常具有代表性,因为在这段译文中出现了“耶利哥城墙,约书亚,以色列人”这三个与《圣经》历史故事有关的词语。众所周知,东方盛行佛教,尤其是在中国,中国观众对佛教还可略知一二,而对西方文化,特别是西方宗教历史文化就知之甚少了。因而在影片切换的瞬间让中国观众把上述三者的关系联系起来是件难事,他们会搞不懂这“耶利哥城墙”、“约书亚”、“以色列人”之间究竟是什么关系。直译用于上述译文中不仅令中国观众丈二和尚摸不着头脑,同时也失去了电影翻译的真正意义。为使中国观众明白这三个词语间的关系,使原文中所涉及的那些特殊文化意象丰满起来,译者应在电影翻译过程中对这段文字作如下润色:彼得:这个吗?我休息的时候不想被别人干扰,在那方面我很敏感,不想被别人偷看。你看这像《圣经》中的耶利哥城墙,虽比不上《圣经》里以色列人的军长约书亚用号角吹倒的墙厚,却比它安全多了。你看,我没有号角,为了表示我的公正无私,我把我那套最好的睡衣交给你用吧。你不想做以色列人吗?由于对“耶利哥城墙”、“约书亚”、“以色列人”这些出自《圣经》故事的词语增补了必要的文化涵义修润词后,观众不仅了解了这些“典故”的出处,同时在上下语境中也弄明白了最后一个词语“以色列人”的特定意指。修润增强了语言文字在语境中的透明度;增强了文化意象在观众认识理解中的清晰度。四、文化意象的转换语言学家认为世界上各族人看到的同一客观现象,不同的民族语言会给它“刷上不同的颜色”。缘于此,文化意象的错位(Nonequivalence of Culture Image)会具体表现为作为喻体的文化意象上的差异。换言之,在一种文化传统中一个具有正面寓意的美好文化意象在另一种文化里却成了反面寓意的丑陋文化意象。如英国电影《呼啸山庄》[10]中有这样一个片断:Isabella: It’s a brother’s duty,dear Edgaar, to introduce his sisteer to some other type than fops and pale young : Oh, you want a dragon?Isabella: Yes, I do. With a fiery mustache.依莎贝拉:这是一个哥哥的义务,亲爱的埃得加,你总不能把自己的妹妹介绍给那些花花公子或弱不禁风的年轻诗人吧。埃得加:哦,你该不是想嫁一个龙骑兵吧?依莎贝拉:是的,还长着火红的大胡子。在上述翻译中“dragon”是一个关键词。在英语语言中,“dragon”作“魔鬼”解释。每当提及此词,西方人的思想意识中立刻会呈现出一只面目狰狞的魔鬼正张牙舞爪地扑向人间,由此不难看出“dragon”在西方语言文化中隐含贬义。而在中国文化中“龙”字象征着“高贵,至高无上”等意,昔日中国人称皇帝为“真龙天子”。因此与“龙”字相关的词语绝大多数具有崇敬之意。如中国人称自己为“龙的传人”;祈盼着自己的子女将来有出息为“望子成龙”等。“dragon”在东西方语言中,其文化意象的寓意是绝然相反的。简言之,它们的物象虽同,但寓意却完全相异。由此可见用“龙骑兵”来硬译“dragon”一词显然不妥当。因为当中国观众在观赏影片时忽尔听到“龙骑兵”这一词语,他们肯定即刻会联想到“他”可能是个“皇家骑兵”。但依莎贝拉的回答却又使观众对影片的阐释如坠云雾。观众不禁要问:这个堂堂正正的“皇家骑兵”怎么会是“长着火红的大胡子”呢?在中国传统历史文化中,只有那些三头六臂的怪物才有一张可怕的绿眉毛、红胡子嘴脸。如此生搬硬套不仅不能处理好东西方语言文化中意象错位这一棘手问题,同时也不能传神地译出这段对白的真实含义,反而给上下文语义的贯通设置了语言障碍。因此,例中埃得加与依莎贝拉的最后一段对话不妨翻译如下: Edgar: Oh, you want a dragon?哦,你该不是想嫁给一个野蛮人吧?Isabella: Yes, I do. With a fiery mustache.是的,还长着火红的大胡子。由于东西方文化的差异,电影翻译中许多英语词语若直接硬译,会令广大中国观众无法接受与认同。此外,电影翻译文本受电影画面切换时间的限制,不能像翻译文学作品那样,可以在一些晦涩难懂之处作些注释,所以对白译文一定要让观众一听、一看即能明了。译者应立足于本国观众,从观众领略欣赏译制片的艺术角度出发,选用本民族语言中与原片艺术最相似、最贴近的、为本国观众所熟悉的、易于接受的词语和文化意象来进行电影翻译。