有关导航的研究论文怎么写

GPS1. SpaceThe space is part of GPS satellite by 24 work [1], it is located above the surface of the 20 200km, evenly distributed in six track surface (4) each track surface, orbit for 55 ° Angle. In addition, there are four star orbiting satellites active backup. The distribution of satellite in global anywhere at any time can be observed in 4 above, and can keep good satellite positioning accuracy of geometrical image solution. This provides a continuous on time in the global navigation skills. GPS satellite produces two groups, one group called Morse code (C/A Coarse/Acquisition Code11023MHz), A group called the P (Procise Code 10123MHz), P Code for higher frequency, not suffer interference, high precision, so by the . military control, and the password, generally, mainly for folk cannot . military service. C/A code for measures to lower accuracy, and deliberately used mainly open to . The ground controlThe ground control station by a master, five global stations and 3 ground control station. There are equipped with precision of the station clock and continuous measuring cesium visible satellites to accept machine. The satellite observation stations will obtain data, including the ionosphere and meteorological data, after initial treatment, to master station. Master station from various stations, satellite tracking data calculated the orbit and clock parameters, then will result to 3 ground control station. The ground control station in each satellite run over to the navigation, master station instructions and data into a satellite. The injection of each star GPS satellite, and in every time inject stood range from satellite before finally injection. If a ground fault, so in the satellite navigation of stored information can also be used for a period of time, but the navigation precision will gradually . User equipment partsUser equipment parts namely GPS signal receiver. Its main function is to capture by certain Angle of satellite deadline to choose to follow these satellites and satellite, the operation. When the receiver to capture the satellite tracking, after receiving antenna can be measured and satellite pseudo distance and the distance change, satellite orbits parameters, such as the demodulation data. Based on these data, the receiver can handle the computer by positioning solution method and computing the user's position in the longitude and altitude geographical position, speed, time, etc. The hardware and software receivers in GPS data post-processing software package and form a complete GPS user equipment. GPS receiver unit and receiving antenna structure is divided into two parts of the unit. Receiver generally USES machine and together two kinds of dc power supply. Setting machine aims to replace the power supply without interruption continuous observation. In use within the time machine power battery charging automatically. After shutdown, machine battery power for the RAM, memory, in order to prevent the loss of data. At present various types of accept machine, weight and small volume and light, facilitate the field Ground control system (by now), the Station so the control Station (Master), so now the Antenna (Ground), the Antenna control Station, colo springfield, Colorado (are). The ground control station is responsible for collecting information by satellite, and alex, relative to star satellite data from the atmosphere correction. Secondly, the existing users receiver for two and two, double-frequency due to price factor, general user buys more for single-rate at the application of GPS road engineeringThe application of GPS in road construction, is mainly used to establish various road engineering control network and determination of the control points electricity, etc. Along with the rapid development of the highway to survey technology, puts forward a higher request, due to long, known points less, therefore, with the conventional measure method not only, and the net difficulties are hard to meet the requirement of high precision. At present, China has gradually establish lines using GPS technology, then head high precision control network layont wires with conventional methods. Practice has proved, in a few tens of kilometers within the scope of the point error only 2 centimeters, reached the conventional method to realize the accuracy, but also greatly ahead of time. GPS technology also applied to the control measure of large bridge. Since it is unnecessary to tong, can form strong nets, improve accuracy of inspection, via conventional measure fulcrum is effective. GPS technology in the measurement of the tunnel has broad prospect of application, GPS, reduced need through conventional method, the intermediate links, therefore, high speed, high accuracy, significant economic and social GPS navigation and traffic management in automotive applicationsThree-dimensional navigation is the primary function, GPS, ships, aircraft and ground vehicles pacers can use GPS navigation device for navigation. Car navigation system is in the global positioning system (GPS developed on the basis of a new technology. Car navigation system by GPS navigation, self-discipline, navigation and microprocessor, speed sensor, gyro sensor and cd-rom drives, LCD display. GPS navigation systems and electronic map, radio communication network, computer vehicle management information system, combining can achieve vehicle tracking and traffic management and many other GPS in long-distance passenger vehicle management application (for example),In the first set of professional long-haul GPS vehicle management system, and long-distance communication GPS intelligent management system, for example, it is combined with the satellite positioning technology, GPRS/CDMA communications business, GIS, image collection technology, computer network technology, and database in the company to build a passenger control (C/S structure and B/S structure combining), and the other for points, the public security bureau and control YunGuan departments and departments of the control system, established by the control center system, wireless communication system platform (GPRS/CDMA), global positioning system (GPS), four parts and trackside equipment all-weather, a full range of driver and vehicle tracking management platform, System can be registered vehicle dynamic tracking and monitoring implementation, pictures, driving record, management, data analysis and so on the function, monitoring vehicles in electronic map, and display of vehicles running track data, Operating terminal optional internal network or the Internet server to visit and through the center to provide online IE browser integrated passenger management data analysis of the control system (B/S structure), And the capacity of the system software available according to the center of the hardware configuration and operating terminal server, the most greatly expanded, net vehicles 500,000 can not only is long, can the passenger vehicles such social vehicles. And the system still can use group management, different types of vehicles into different groups, facilitate the operation technology application examples in the navigatorGPS navigators international leading brand: Ahada YiHang (of) -- from silicon valley, now login China!The core products function:1) map queryA penny saved is a penny gained in operation on a terminal search your destination penny saved is a penny gained can record you always want to place, and retain information, also can be Shared with others and the location penny saved is a penny gained fuzzy query your attachment or a location near the station, hotel, such as ) route planningA penny saved is a penny gained GPS navigation system will be set according to the starting point and destination, automatic programming penny saved is a penny gained planning routes whether can be set to pass some penny saved is a penny gained planning routes whether can avoid high-speed etc. ) automatic navigationA penny saved is a penny gained speech navigation:To provide drivers advance in speech, navigation condition intersection traffic information, such as a way to understand the wizard tells you how to drive to the destination. Navigation in one of the most important function, make you need, through watching operation terminal voice prompt can safe penny saved is a penny gained picture navigation:In the end, will display operate maps and position of the car now, driving speed, the destination of the route, planning, crossing the road to penny saved is a penny gained redesign line:When you have the line planning, or go wrong when crossing, GPS navigation system according to your present position, for you to plan a new route to the principleGPS navigation system is the basic principle of measuring the satellite to known position of the distance between the user receiver, and then integrated satellite data can know the location of the receiver. To achieve this objective, the position of the satellite can according to record the clock time on satellite star found in a calendar. Visible GPS navigation system is part of the satellite launch navigation ceaselessly. However, due to the use of the user to accept machine with satellite space-borne clock clock synchronization, may not always except user 3d coordinate x, y, z, will also introduce a Δ t is the difference between the satellite and the receiver as unknown, then use four equations will these four unknown. So if you want to know, the receiver's place at least four satellites can receive the receiver can receive the GPS clock can be used to accurately on the two levels of second time information, Used to forecast the next few months in the general position of satellite prediction star alex, Can be used to calculate the location for the satellite radio star alex, the coordinates for a few meters to dozens of accuracy of each different, rice (change) satellite, And the GPS system information, such as receiver to code measurement can get satellite receiver, because of the distance to the clock contains receiver satellite transmission error, error and the atmosphere is called pseudorange. 0A yards of measured pseudorange called UA yards pseudorange and accuracy for about 20 meters of P yards, measured pseudorange called P yards pseudorange and accuracy for about 2 receiver of received signal, decoding technology, or other information on the carrier modulation in removed, can restore carrier. Strictly speaking, the carrier phase should be called the carrier frequency phase, it is patted the received by doppler frequency influence of satellite signal receiver carrier phase and machine generated signal phase difference oscillations. General bell in the epoch receiver determined to keep time measurement, satellite signal, it can track record of phase change, but start when the value of the receiver and satellite observations of the oscillator is not know the initial phase of the epoch, also don't know phase integers, namely the fuzzy degrees, only in data processing as parameters. Phase observations of high precision and mm, but the premise is a whole week, so only in fuzzy relative positioning, and a continuous observation can use phase observations, and to achieve superior level meters positioning accuracy of also only using phase to the localization way, GPS positioning and relative into single point positioning (difference). According to a single point positioning receiver is the observation data to determine the position of the receiver, it only USES pseudorange observation, can be used as a compendium of navigation and positioning vehicles. Relative location (difference) is based on the observation data of two above receiver to determine the relative position between the observation methods, it can be adopted pseudorange observation may adopt phase observation and geodesy or engineering measurement shall be made phase observation value relative the GPS observation satellite and the receiver is contained in the clock, atmospheric propagation delay, the multipath effect etc, in the positioning error when calculating by satellite radio star alex, the influence of error in relative positioning error when most public offset or weakened by positioning accuracy, so will greatly improve, double-frequency receiver can according to the observation of two frequency offset the atmosphere, the main part of the error of the ionosphere, high accuracy in the distance between the receiver when significant difference (air), should choose double-frequency receiver.

题名 题名相当于论文的标签,是简明、确切地反映论文最重要特点内容、研究范围和深度的最恰当的词语的逻辑组合,通常是读者最先浏览的内容,也是检索系统首先收录的部分,是体现论文水平与范围的第一重要信息。 总结起来有如下几个要求:(1)题文相扣,概念表达准确 题名要准确表达论文的内容和主题,恰当反映研究的范围和深度,与论文内容要互相匹配,紧扣-题要扣文,文要扣题。切忌题名过大,而应该限定到问题或者所使用的解决方法层面,例 如： 太笼统的题名:人脸识别研究; 限定到方法:一种基于感受野学习的人脸识别新方法。(2)题目长度适中,以及语序正确性 题目用词要简短精炼、太长或太短都不好。一般过长的题目中都有废话,包括但不限于“调查”“研究”以及一些冠词“a”等。我们在小学语文中就做过这样的练习,把一句比较长的话改短,又不改变其原来的意思。例如: 机器人定位与导航若干神经计算方法的研究; 因为导航包括定位,去掉冗余后:机器人导航若干神经计算方法的研究。 此外,题名像一条标签,忌用冗长的主、谓、宾语结构的完整语句,习惯上常用以名词或名词性词组为中心的偏正词组,一般不用动宾结构。英语题名,建议将表达核心内容的主题词放在题名的开头。例如: Age invariant face recognition and retrieval byCoupled auto-encoder。(3)注意术语的使用 术语在科技论文中大量出现,特别在通讯领域,拥有众多各类术语。很多术语即便是内行也难以辨别。因此,除非是众所周知的缩略语,否则不简写。例如： Image-to-Image Translation with ConditionalAdversarial Networks, 而非 Image-to—Image Translation with Conditional GAN, 因为GAN(生成对抗网络)这个词最近2年才出来,即便在机器学习领域,也有很多人对它很陌生。摘要 摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。 摘要具有独立性和自主性,能充分反映研究的创新点,拥有论文同等量的主要信息,即不阅读全文就能获得必要的信息。摘要字数通常不超过论文字数5%。摘要的基本结构及内容 摘要本质上是一篇高度浓缩的论文,其基本结构与论文的结构是对应的。摘要主要包括以下内容的梗概: (1)目的。研究工作的前提、目的、任务及所涉及的主题范围。 (2)方法——所用的理论、技术、材料、手段、设备、算法、程序等 (3)结果—观测、实验的结果和数据,得到的效果、性能和结论,创新与独到之处。摘要规范表达一般原则 1)摘要篇幅应尽量简短,切忌把应在前沿中出现的篇幅较长的内容写入摘要,而且不得有对论文的正式进行补充和修改的内容，尤其不要进行评价。 2)摘要的内容在正文应该出现,但不宜简单地重复。中文摘要多用第三人称来写,建议采用“对…进行了研究",“报告了…现状"等记述方法。 3)摘要要使用公知公用的规范的术语和符号,新术语应写出全称。一般不要使用公式和化学结构式。英文摘要规范表达 英文摘要时态的运用应以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,基本不用进行时和其他复合时态。 一般现在时用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述研究结果、得出研究结论、提出建议或讨论等。涉及公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等,用一般现在时。 如: In order to study the rigidity coeficient.…, the stress and strain model is concluded.与之相反,一般过去时用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程。 如The heat pulse technique was aplied to study two main tree species in July and August, 1996. a.介绍背景资料时,句子内容不受时间影响的普遍事实,应用现在时,对某种趋势的概述,用现在完成时。 b.叙述研究目的或主要研究活动,多使用现在时。 C.叙述实验程序、方法和主要结果常用现在时。 d.叙述结论或建议时可使用现在时,或may, should, could等助动词。关键词 关键词(key words)是为了满足文献标引或计算机检索及国际计算机联机检索工作的需要, 而从论文题名和正文中选出来的能够反映论文主题内容的词或词组。关键词应为规范的术语,通常位于摘要之后。 关键词:股票市场;在线股评;相关分析引言 一般来说,引言部分通常需要14页的篇幅。基本内容应包括研究背景、存在的问题和研究目的等。 通常先介绍范围较宽泛的一般性事实,为说明研究工作与过去工作的关系,须要回顾国内外研究历史(文献回顾或文献综述)，并对研究情况横向比较,写明前人在本课题相关领域所做的工作及存在的空白或不足。 然后将重点逐渐转入与论文所探讨的问题有密切联系的主题,指出有某个问题或现象仍值得进一步研究,进而将焦点转到要探讨的研究问题上最后阐述研究目的,将作者的研究任务具体化,还可根据情况说明作者在已有工作基础上的贡献或创新。 对篇幅较长、结构复杂的论文,其引言的结尾部分还应有简略说明研究的主要结论以及论文构架的内容。引文规范写作原则 1)按写作要求和内容逐渐展开,不要将引言写成摘要的注释,不讨论,不重复摘要内容。 2)要慎重而有保留第叙述前人工作的欠缺及自己研究的创新,一般不用评价式的用语。 3)研究背景应该准确、简洁,不宜过于分散和琐碎。正文 正文写作过程中,不论小节层次,还是次小节层次,都应该遵循自上而下的细化方法。这种金字塔式的细化方法也应该体现论文的总体结构层次。也就是说,创建高层次的小节,用以描述搞层次的思想,然后使用低级别的章节层次结构描述更多的技术细节。每个段落都应该有一个中心论点,称为中心句或主题句,通常段 落以此为起始句。之后,围绕这中心论点进行更加细致的阐释。结论 结论可以是中心思想的重申、研究结果或主要观点的归纳,也可以是某些启示性的解释或考虑,以及在研究结果基础上所进行的预测等。主要包含： 1)本研究有什么新发现,得到了什么规律性的东西,解决了什么理论与实际问题,适用范围是什么? 2)研究的创新点,研究工作与他人已有研究成果的异同 3）研究的局限性、不足之处或遗留问题,以及可能的应用前景和进一步深入的研究方向。参考文献 参考文献是指为撰写论文而引用前人(包括作者自己)已发表的有关文献,是科技论文不可缺少的重要组成部分。 按规定,在科技论文中,凡是引用前人或他人(包括本人)已发表的文献中的观点、数据和材料等,都要在引用处予以标明,在文末(结论之后,,如有致谢,则在致谢之后)列出参考文献表称为参考文献的著录。一、参考文献著录的目的和作用 1)提高科学依据,表明广度和深度 著录参考文献反映出了科技论文作者的科学态度,并为论文提供了真实、广泛的科学依据。所著录的参考文献数量多少以及发表时间,就能衡量该科技论文研究的广度与深度。 2)区分研究成果,尊重他人成果 3)节省论文篇幅,避免资料堆积 适当引用参考文献,可避免过多介绍他人的工作,避免一般性表述和资料堆积。 4)便于读者查找,达到资源共享。二、著录的原则 1）只著录必要的最新的文献。 2）采用标准化的著录格式。各个期刊都有各自的规定,可在投稿前看相关期刊的文献著录格式。 3）一般只著录已公开发表的文献。三、标注方法 正文中引用文献的标注方法可以采用顺序编码或著者—出版年制,相应地文后的参考文献表按顺序编码或者著者-出版年制组织。 1)顺序编码制引文采用序号标注,参考文献表按引文的顺序列出在同一处引用多篇参考文献时,只需在方括号内全部列出,例如：用多种优化模型[3,5,12—15]. 参考文献做主语的时候,例如:与文献[6,7]中的分析一致。引用英文人名时,要注意文献人名表达形式的统一性和特殊性。如作者姓氏相同,则应写全名,如"LEE Y S"和"LEE C W”.

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