毕业论文外文文献翻译life

毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求：

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

Shallow view college students（浅析大学生消费观） In the current consumption market, as a special group is receiving more and more attention. Cell phones, Internet, sports, tourism, av equipment are students of consumption. Their younger age, different from other social consumer groups of consumer psychology and behavior. On one hand has strong consumption demand, on the other hand, has obtained the financial independence. Consumer spending power of advanced concepts, the lag and has great influence on them. With this curious, we investigated the students listened, currently the showed that the following reasons for college students have a profound influence on the , family environment for students of consumption "congenital". Family is the basic factors restricting their consumption. Most students from rural areas currently. Rural students would not spend a lot of money to buy a bar of chocolate, biscuit, candy and snacks. A classmate of institute of grammar, told reporters he every month in the consumption of food and supplies, and a small part of life. However, the students from the developed city, in the free allowance is master circumstance, even the remaining money to spend on hair, clothing, accessories, and other items. MP3Second, the consumption of college campus environment. According to the understanding of the ", just past 11 golden weeks, "some travel agency" lovers swims "travel group, a lot of students. Some boys to girls, the pursuit of cosmetics, snacks, flowers as "sociology". In the investigation and discussion, we found that the students love more than 100 - month about spending at least 200 yuan, also has 50 yuan, the highest reach 500 yuan. One of the students of agronomy humorously tells a reporter, dating from the average expenses for the situation had been broken and three kinds, namely, man should take all NanNvFang share and the initiative of all, girls love spending even more than the addiction among is one where money. Some students spend all day in the net cafe, wasting their time and energy, and parents hard-earned , social environment influence on college students' view. In the interview process, a eppo school students told reporters: "some students fashion and famous, too." compare existing In the seminar, some students, in order to have a phone or a paragraph on the most popular, some classmates to economize, even sacrifice other necessary expenses. Some male classmate to buy a pair of shoes, the female classmate brand in order to buy a set of famous cosmetic or a brand-name clothes at hand to his family, money or borrow money from their classmates, these reflects some students don't know into, and driven them form the vanity of endless themselves. In addition, the male classmate hair, earrings, female students, also make positive modelling teachers and parents students are the pillars of the construction of the future society, its consumption ideas and directly affected the life character and the influence of the motherland, indirect jiangshan justice. Good training and strengthening consumer habits will get to the school, good shape, and formed the role of school student wind virtuous circle. Therefore, the schools should set students' good consumption psychology and behavior of the cultivation of campus culture construction as an important component. Facing the current as of inviting advertising the snowflake fly to the university campus, teachers and parents have necessary guidance from the side with the correct method, students correct view firmly. College students from his actual consumption of the economic situation, develop simple life style, develop good consumption habits and consumption mentality.

外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

The timing of the reform with clubs and countermeasuresAbstract: since the 2003 in China since the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and implementation of various business has achieved great development in China, as in hainan province, the reform has already caused when reform social attention. The author analyzed in hainan financial ecological environment change background, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions and needs to solve problems, and put forward the corresponding : the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and measuresChina's rural credit cooperatives reform since 2003, the pilot since the implementation of business development by leaps and bounds, and made great achievements in China, and hainan provinces last for reform of rural credit cooperatives, when entering the substantive reform, has aroused wide attention of the society. The author believes that in the hainan financial ecological environment upheaval circumstance, seized an opportunity to promote hainan province, it is urgent to reform of rural credit , a push the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions1 the other provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can provide demonstration effect of hainan province. China has 29 provinces implemented the reform of management system of rural credit cooperatives, the figures show that the reform has made some progress. By the end of 2005, the total assets of financial institutions in rural cooperative 37206 billion yuan, one for each loan balances 22008 million yuan at the end of 2002, more than 8070 billion yuan, increasing growth . Total liabilities 35553 billion yuan, including the balance 32626 billion yuan (the total financial institutions at the end of 2002), more than percent increase 12751 billion yuan, up. At present, China's rural credit cooperatives has become the first four deposit breakthrough 30,000 billion yuan of financial institutions, the owner's equity has reached 1653 billion yuan, the end of 2002 add 1927 billion yuan. More than two years of reform of rural credit cooperatives over 10 consecutive years of losses, to raise capital adequacy ratio of 8%. [1], apparently, in other cities and provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can promote reform of rural credit cooperatives for hainan provide successful experience, such as reforms, increase endowment spread, digestive historical burden, the start-up capital, institutional setup and team building, coordinating the relationship problems can be using the experience of the reforms and brother new socialist countryside construction to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform brings opportunities. Construction of new socialist countryside is a major decision, it will make the implementation of rural areas of hainan reproduction, great changes. Agricultural intensification and commercialization of hainan province with the increase of agricultural structure adjustment, and raise the level of farmers' income, the rural financial resources will be further expanded. Therefore, the province of rural credit cooperatives, dump only as managing mechanism and perfect, can get used to accelerate the reform of socialist new rural construction, the need to better perform its the reform of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province has certain basis. In September of 2005, hainan's rural credit cooperatives reform officially approved by the state council on pilot provinces, though not enter the stage of reform, but with substantial operation of rural credit cooperatives reform of rural credit cooperatives, hainan province has achieved a preliminary results. Deadline of September 2006, the balance of rural credit cooperatives, 93 million yuan, nearly three years deposits increased 32 million yuan, 52% increase. In loans and record of September, 2006, the loan balances 51 billion yuan, nearly three years accumulative total issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" loan 40 billion yuan. Rural credit environment construction is the key step by step, and the end of September 2006, rural credit cooperatives altogether create credit village 89, the letter, user support a large number of agricultural market, effectively help the increase in farmers' income. [2] in hainan province in recent years, rural credit cooperatives are in bad still-decent decreased year, internal system and mechanism and construction team, staff in the intense desire for reform. Above all, public confidence of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province is restored, rural credit cooperatives reform for the internal and external conditions . The state council on the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan preferential policies. Support the reform of rural credit cooperatives basically has two kinds: one kind is the central bank refinancing, another kind is central bank bills. Special Since hainan has suffered a real estate bubble economy of hainan province, the reform of rural credit cooperatives of fund gives good policy reform in hainan province, after can obtain special central bank bills 20 billion yuan of above, to digest historical burden ratings at least 50% above. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives promote hainan as soon as possible, with the central bank money "blood" support, can melt of hainan province rural credit cooperatives, heavy baggage "blood-refreshing" function, and realize the sustainable government entities at all levels may have the vigorously support and the greater business space. Hainan province of rural credit cooperatives, after the government management industry will further to arouse the enthusiasm of hainan province, the governments of rural credit cooperatives will further increase the survival and development space. It mainly because: one is the government, enterprises and units will cancel the account deposit in rural credit cooperatives, and arrangement of agriculture in the rural credit cooperatives puts, settlement, Second is the local governments will help a great blow over the non-performing loans, enforcement actions, such as a great party cadres in 2005 the arrears has achieved significant results, Three is preferential access to government priority project quality related rights, Four is the strategic adjustment of state-owned commercial Banks, rural credit cooperatives business expansion. Since 2001, four state-owned commercial Banks from hainan province in under county and district, merging, taking outlets for examination and approval of hainan province, the loan market, rural credit cooperatives rapidly occupation consolidate customer group, enhance competitiveness, provides a more vast development hainan financial ecological environment changed greatly. After eight years of efforts, hainan has become relatively high from providing financial stability of financial safety. Since 2005, hainan finance the development situation, main show is: the total financial assets steadily, and constantly improve the quality of financial institutions, improve operation efficiency, financial potential risks are constantly to dissolve, financial factors of instability has got out. All of this province rural credit cooperatives reform to create a favorable external sum up, the reform of rural credit cooperatives and hainan has matured, the reform of condition of the obstacle has ceased to exist, it is facing history never had the opportunity of development, therefore, must be from politics to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, rural credit cooperatives really be radiant , promote hainan province rural credit cooperatives reform needs to solve the problems1 good solution to hainan for rural credit cooperatives market orientation. To maintain the sustainable development of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, must solve the problem of rural credit cooperatives, according to the market situation of hainan province ", "" NongQing" and "society", insist on multiple management policy, give full play to the advantages of services, innovative financial products and services, and continuously looking for new benefit growth. One is based on agriculture, rural, face ", 2 in the city's insistence foothold community, become small and medium-sized enterprises, individual and industrial and commercial door for urban residents and analyzes the retail needs good provincial association leadership, problem management responsibilities clear. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives new management system for the provincial association, municipal (county), the credit cooperatives association, three-level management etc. Established before the corporate governance structure, how to choose good executives, with good leadership, management, and thus formed unity accrual duty, coordinated operation, effectively balance and behaviour of the rural credit cooperatives operating mechanism is a worthy of attention and explore the problem to solve. One is the principle of integrity and provincial association with good leadership. Because a good team can make an enterprise back, a incompetent team can take an enterprise to the edge of bankruptcy. So whether equipped with good leadership is hainan provincial association of rural credit cooperatives reform key to success. Two is to perform better management of provincial association, guidance, coordination and service functions, what and how to manage? How to manage grassroots cooperatives and good service, not interfere in its normal business operation, neither over-rides again not vacancy. Three new management system is established, the provincial association management, municipal (county) association, the credit management, how to manage, is conducive to the construction of internal control system of rural credit cooperatives, to raise the level of management of rural credit cooperatives, be helpful for the healthy development of rural credit to further strengthen the talented person troop construction. Talent team involves the sustainable and healthy development of rural credit cooperatives of long-term goals. For top executives high-quality and professional personnel of high level and high quality requirements are operating personnel dispatched constantly adapt to the new situation development, strengthening the market competition ability, is the objective need support for rural credit cooperatives, and the future development of key must cause enough attention. Currently, rural credit cooperatives talent shortage of hainan province should establish effective incentive mechanism through downsizing, efficient, and according to the principle of scientific, reasonable and concise, disperse surplus employees and high-quality talents, constantly optimize the structure of system, using a standardized and institutionalized and marketization reform, the development situation of to further increase the hainan credit system construction. Further credit construction, increasing credit publicity through various channels, enhance the consciousness of credit and risk awareness, To establish and perfect the system of credit and disciplinary and continue to develop selection in rural and urban areas in the village, credit and credit cooperatives, residents of letter user activities in hainan credit construction, ensure new lending benign . There is a need to further improve the rural credit cooperatives financial service level. One is to increase the credit support. As the rural financial force, rural credit cooperatives should expanding services, enhance the service functions, in the service of traditional "SAN nong" of economic development in agriculture, increasing the agriculture leading enterprise of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the base of support, Two is to adjust the network layout, unity, convenient customer access network identifier, set up the good image, Three is to accelerate the construction of electronic payment, pay a change, service means such problems as old as soon as possible, "family", with the principal of commercial Banks, extended its service network service , accelerate the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province to the main ideaHow to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan? This is the need of hainan province, according to the study of rural credit cooperatives, the other provinces, the author thinks that the experience of the reforms, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives to hainan take the following a good platform to "take". Build hainan province is the current mode couplet, due to the provincial association, the minimum threshold model in most provinces of implementing this model. This model is the "triple management", "the second business", can good performance of the transferred during the reform of credit management, guidance, coordination and service, can achieve this area of rural credit cooperatives, self-regulating administration for rural credit cooperatives in hainan new stock cooperative Banks create favorable the rural credit cooperatives should increase endowment spread as important work. Increase endowment spread the amount of presentation is the key of special central bank bills. In order to do the work, must increase endowment spread by introducing strategic investors. One is the introduction of foreign strategic investors, attention, the Netherlands bank of Australia has successively into our bank, the bank of tianjin municipal rural commercial bank of rural credit cooperatives, zhejiang province, rural credit cooperatives will be focused on the shares. Two is to introduce large agricultural province of hainan rubber group company, such as group, etc. 3 it is to want to notice, encourage rural farmers by absorbing the non-public enterprises, establish a diversified ownership of must intensify the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan propaganda. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, will start in the society of great introduction. Due to the negative influence of issuing closed, a considerable part of rural credit cooperatives and former clients in conceptual urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, understanding fuzzy set distribution outlets, identification and electronic remote behind, staff construction etc, the aging of rural credit cooperatives public image is affected significantly. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives should work as a propaganda to grasp. By the provincial party committee propaganda department, can consider to WaiXuanBan provincial government financial services office, haikou, hainan branch center pedestrian CBRC), the provincial association of cfna made such propaganda office, unified organization and planning. Through the propaganda, enhance rural credit cooperatives in hainan for the influence on the society, social from all walks of life to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform of to improve quality of credit assets of hainan province rural credit cooperatives. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, due to start business and increase the capital, enlarging the scale of capital will be expanded rapidly. Therefore, should pay attention to the quality of new loans, to solve the risk control problems, which is the important link of the reform of rural credit cooperatives. Therefore, we must focus on the following two aspects of man and system construction. In personnel at various levels, is a top executives, strengthen the leadership of the construction, Two is to improve the overall quality and staff to effectively solve the low quality and personnel structure unreasonable "bottleneck" problems. In the system, establish business through internal control systems, procedures and standard operation and perfecting post to audit supervision as the core of the internal management system, and formed a "system consummation, the operating mechanism of effective management", effective eliminate operation risk and moral hazard of rural credit cooperatives, management risk prevention and :[1] in the cooperation TangShuangNing. Financial supervision and reform work conference speech [J]. China rural credit cooperative, 2006, (3).[2] of hainan province rural credit cooperatives in the third quarter of 2006 capital operation [R].

怎么方面的？经济学吗？

毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求：

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。

译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。

主要标准

翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。

忠实

是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。

通顺

是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。

实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。

世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、.纽曼、.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。