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你用economics到Google里去搜索看看，好多这方面的论文呢。

楼主万里的？

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清北医学翻译的翻译老师对这方面在行，请教下他们，这些对他们来说一点难度都没有。

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可以找清北医学翻译帮忙，这边问不出什么结果的。。。

The timing of the reform with clubs and countermeasuresAbstract: since the 2003 in China since the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and implementation of various business has achieved great development in China, as in hainan province, the reform has already caused when reform social attention. The author analyzed in hainan financial ecological environment change background, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions and needs to solve problems, and put forward the corresponding : the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and measuresChina's rural credit cooperatives reform since 2003, the pilot since the implementation of business development by leaps and bounds, and made great achievements in China, and hainan provinces last for reform of rural credit cooperatives, when entering the substantive reform, has aroused wide attention of the society. The author believes that in the hainan financial ecological environment upheaval circumstance, seized an opportunity to promote hainan province, it is urgent to reform of rural credit , a push the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions1 the other provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can provide demonstration effect of hainan province. China has 29 provinces implemented the reform of management system of rural credit cooperatives, the figures show that the reform has made some progress. By the end of 2005, the total assets of financial institutions in rural cooperative 37206 billion yuan, one for each loan balances 22008 million yuan at the end of 2002, more than 8070 billion yuan, increasing growth . Total liabilities 35553 billion yuan, including the balance 32626 billion yuan (the total financial institutions at the end of 2002), more than percent increase 12751 billion yuan, up. At present, China's rural credit cooperatives has become the first four deposit breakthrough 30,000 billion yuan of financial institutions, the owner's equity has reached 1653 billion yuan, the end of 2002 add 1927 billion yuan. More than two years of reform of rural credit cooperatives over 10 consecutive years of losses, to raise capital adequacy ratio of 8%. [1], apparently, in other cities and provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can promote reform of rural credit cooperatives for hainan provide successful experience, such as reforms, increase endowment spread, digestive historical burden, the start-up capital, institutional setup and team building, coordinating the relationship problems can be using the experience of the reforms and brother new socialist countryside construction to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform brings opportunities. Construction of new socialist countryside is a major decision, it will make the implementation of rural areas of hainan reproduction, great changes. Agricultural intensification and commercialization of hainan province with the increase of agricultural structure adjustment, and raise the level of farmers' income, the rural financial resources will be further expanded. Therefore, the province of rural credit cooperatives, dump only as managing mechanism and perfect, can get used to accelerate the reform of socialist new rural construction, the need to better perform its the reform of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province has certain basis. In September of 2005, hainan's rural credit cooperatives reform officially approved by the state council on pilot provinces, though not enter the stage of reform, but with substantial operation of rural credit cooperatives reform of rural credit cooperatives, hainan province has achieved a preliminary results. Deadline of September 2006, the balance of rural credit cooperatives, 93 million yuan, nearly three years deposits increased 32 million yuan, 52% increase. In loans and record of September, 2006, the loan balances 51 billion yuan, nearly three years accumulative total issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" loan 40 billion yuan. Rural credit environment construction is the key step by step, and the end of September 2006, rural credit cooperatives altogether create credit village 89, the letter, user support a large number of agricultural market, effectively help the increase in farmers' income. [2] in hainan province in recent years, rural credit cooperatives are in bad still-decent decreased year, internal system and mechanism and construction team, staff in the intense desire for reform. Above all, public confidence of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province is restored, rural credit cooperatives reform for the internal and external conditions . The state council on the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan preferential policies. Support the reform of rural credit cooperatives basically has two kinds: one kind is the central bank refinancing, another kind is central bank bills. Special Since hainan has suffered a real estate bubble economy of hainan province, the reform of rural credit cooperatives of fund gives good policy reform in hainan province, after can obtain special central bank bills 20 billion yuan of above, to digest historical burden ratings at least 50% above. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives promote hainan as soon as possible, with the central bank money "blood" support, can melt of hainan province rural credit cooperatives, heavy baggage "blood-refreshing" function, and realize the sustainable government entities at all levels may have the vigorously support and the greater business space. Hainan province of rural credit cooperatives, after the government management industry will further to arouse the enthusiasm of hainan province, the governments of rural credit cooperatives will further increase the survival and development space. It mainly because: one is the government, enterprises and units will cancel the account deposit in rural credit cooperatives, and arrangement of agriculture in the rural credit cooperatives puts, settlement, Second is the local governments will help a great blow over the non-performing loans, enforcement actions, such as a great party cadres in 2005 the arrears has achieved significant results, Three is preferential access to government priority project quality related rights, Four is the strategic adjustment of state-owned commercial Banks, rural credit cooperatives business expansion. Since 2001, four state-owned commercial Banks from hainan province in under county and district, merging, taking outlets for examination and approval of hainan province, the loan market, rural credit cooperatives rapidly occupation consolidate customer group, enhance competitiveness, provides a more vast development hainan financial ecological environment changed greatly. After eight years of efforts, hainan has become relatively high from providing financial stability of financial safety. Since 2005, hainan finance the development situation, main show is: the total financial assets steadily, and constantly improve the quality of financial institutions, improve operation efficiency, financial potential risks are constantly to dissolve, financial factors of instability has got out. All of this province rural credit cooperatives reform to create a favorable external sum up, the reform of rural credit cooperatives and hainan has matured, the reform of condition of the obstacle has ceased to exist, it is facing history never had the opportunity of development, therefore, must be from politics to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, rural credit cooperatives really be radiant , promote hainan province rural credit cooperatives reform needs to solve the problems1 good solution to hainan for rural credit cooperatives market orientation. To maintain the sustainable development of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, must solve the problem of rural credit cooperatives, according to the market situation of hainan province ", "" NongQing" and "society", insist on multiple management policy, give full play to the advantages of services, innovative financial products and services, and continuously looking for new benefit growth. One is based on agriculture, rural, face ", 2 in the city's insistence foothold community, become small and medium-sized enterprises, individual and industrial and commercial door for urban residents and analyzes the retail needs good provincial association leadership, problem management responsibilities clear. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives new management system for the provincial association, municipal (county), the credit cooperatives association, three-level management etc. Established before the corporate governance structure, how to choose good executives, with good leadership, management, and thus formed unity accrual duty, coordinated operation, effectively balance and behaviour of the rural credit cooperatives operating mechanism is a worthy of attention and explore the problem to solve. One is the principle of integrity and provincial association with good leadership. Because a good team can make an enterprise back, a incompetent team can take an enterprise to the edge of bankruptcy. So whether equipped with good leadership is hainan provincial association of rural credit cooperatives reform key to success. Two is to perform better management of provincial association, guidance, coordination and service functions, what and how to manage? How to manage grassroots cooperatives and good service, not interfere in its normal business operation, neither over-rides again not vacancy. Three new management system is established, the provincial association management, municipal (county) association, the credit management, how to manage, is conducive to the construction of internal control system of rural credit cooperatives, to raise the level of management of rural credit cooperatives, be helpful for the healthy development of rural credit to further strengthen the talented person troop construction. Talent team involves the sustainable and healthy development of rural credit cooperatives of long-term goals. For top executives high-quality and professional personnel of high level and high quality requirements are operating personnel dispatched constantly adapt to the new situation development, strengthening the market competition ability, is the objective need support for rural credit cooperatives, and the future development of key must cause enough attention. Currently, rural credit cooperatives talent shortage of hainan province should establish effective incentive mechanism through downsizing, efficient, and according to the principle of scientific, reasonable and concise, disperse surplus employees and high-quality talents, constantly optimize the structure of system, using a standardized and institutionalized and marketization reform, the development situation of to further increase the hainan credit system construction. Further credit construction, increasing credit publicity through various channels, enhance the consciousness of credit and risk awareness, To establish and perfect the system of credit and disciplinary and continue to develop selection in rural and urban areas in the village, credit and credit cooperatives, residents of letter user activities in hainan credit construction, ensure new lending benign . There is a need to further improve the rural credit cooperatives financial service level. One is to increase the credit support. As the rural financial force, rural credit cooperatives should expanding services, enhance the service functions, in the service of traditional "SAN nong" of economic development in agriculture, increasing the agriculture leading enterprise of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the base of support, Two is to adjust the network layout, unity, convenient customer access network identifier, set up the good image, Three is to accelerate the construction of electronic payment, pay a change, service means such problems as old as soon as possible, "family", with the principal of commercial Banks, extended its service network service , accelerate the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province to the main ideaHow to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan? This is the need of hainan province, according to the study of rural credit cooperatives, the other provinces, the author thinks that the experience of the reforms, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives to hainan take the following a good platform to "take". Build hainan province is the current mode couplet, due to the provincial association, the minimum threshold model in most provinces of implementing this model. This model is the "triple management", "the second business", can good performance of the transferred during the reform of credit management, guidance, coordination and service, can achieve this area of rural credit cooperatives, self-regulating administration for rural credit cooperatives in hainan new stock cooperative Banks create favorable the rural credit cooperatives should increase endowment spread as important work. Increase endowment spread the amount of presentation is the key of special central bank bills. In order to do the work, must increase endowment spread by introducing strategic investors. One is the introduction of foreign strategic investors, attention, the Netherlands bank of Australia has successively into our bank, the bank of tianjin municipal rural commercial bank of rural credit cooperatives, zhejiang province, rural credit cooperatives will be focused on the shares. Two is to introduce large agricultural province of hainan rubber group company, such as group, etc. 3 it is to want to notice, encourage rural farmers by absorbing the non-public enterprises, establish a diversified ownership of must intensify the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan propaganda. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, will start in the society of great introduction. Due to the negative influence of issuing closed, a considerable part of rural credit cooperatives and former clients in conceptual urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, understanding fuzzy set distribution outlets, identification and electronic remote behind, staff construction etc, the aging of rural credit cooperatives public image is affected significantly. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives should work as a propaganda to grasp. By the provincial party committee propaganda department, can consider to WaiXuanBan provincial government financial services office, haikou, hainan branch center pedestrian CBRC), the provincial association of cfna made such propaganda office, unified organization and planning. Through the propaganda, enhance rural credit cooperatives in hainan for the influence on the society, social from all walks of life to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform of to improve quality of credit assets of hainan province rural credit cooperatives. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, due to start business and increase the capital, enlarging the scale of capital will be expanded rapidly. Therefore, should pay attention to the quality of new loans, to solve the risk control problems, which is the important link of the reform of rural credit cooperatives. Therefore, we must focus on the following two aspects of man and system construction. In personnel at various levels, is a top executives, strengthen the leadership of the construction, Two is to improve the overall quality and staff to effectively solve the low quality and personnel structure unreasonable "bottleneck" problems. In the system, establish business through internal control systems, procedures and standard operation and perfecting post to audit supervision as the core of the internal management system, and formed a "system consummation, the operating mechanism of effective management", effective eliminate operation risk and moral hazard of rural credit cooperatives, management risk prevention and :[1] in the cooperation TangShuangNing. Financial supervision and reform work conference speech [J]. China rural credit cooperative, 2006, (3).[2] of hainan province rural credit cooperatives in the third quarter of 2006 capital operation [R].