关于薯条论文范文资料

一个麦当劳炸鸡腿得毒性相当60根香烟麦当劳前掌门人吉姆‧坎塔卢波因心脏病发去世。批评人士表示，坎塔卢波的猝死就是因为食用太多汉堡包、薯条的结果。 争论而且没有结束，令人震惊的消息接踵而来。 5月5日，麦当劳总部宣布，新任总裁查利‧贝拉进行了一次肠癌手术。5月中旬，一部名为《给我最大号》的纪录片在美国开始上映，叫板麦当劳。在这部纪 录片中，年轻的美国导演摩尔根‧斯普尔洛克以自己的身体当成小白鼠做了一个实验∶连续30天，他三餐只吃麦当劳的食物，只喝麦当劳的饮料，而之后他以纪录 片的形式，让各位亲眼见证了吃麦当劳对自己的身体带来的有害无益的变化。 虽然没有大夫证明坎塔卢波的死、贝拉的肠癌与汉堡、薯条有必然联系，但麦当劳公司承认，他们确实大量食用了这些快餐。路透社报道了他们不得不长期食用麦当劳汉堡的状况∶庞大的麦当劳公司总部坐落在芝加哥郊区，从业人员非常少有机会和时间到外面吃午餐。公司内部的自助餐厅提供的就是麦当劳上市或即将上市的 产品。在这些食物中，有些是在麦当劳门市里见不到的东西，更多的是道统的巨无霸汉堡、软饮料和炸薯条。这个餐厅而且被用作新研发出来的产品的‖尧鲜坊”，新 产品在抛放市场之前都要在这里经过公司高级官员的亲自品尝。据称，贝拉吃的汉堡、薯条要比他的前任多得多。这名出身贫苦的总裁，自从15岁开始，就在麦当 劳快餐店打工挣点零用钱。自那时起，汉堡和薯条就成了贝拉的工作餐。 而摩尔根‧斯普尔洛克的纪录片则更加剧了人们对全球流行的快餐的安全性的怀疑。 近些年来，据关于部门统计数据显示，肥胖、糖尿病、肿瘤、心血管疾病等过去常见于西方的付�殷病近年来在我国有不断攀升之势，并且有高达50%的死亡 率，已经成为社会的一种公害。与其发展速度相对应的是，麦当劳等洋快餐在中国的发展速度同样惊人。因此，这些疾病的幕后黑手中是不是就有以麦当劳为代表的洋快餐呢？这个问号悬在我们每个人的心上。 和“麦当劳叔叔”对抗 《给我最大号》在美国倍�亿以“拯救你生命的电影”这样至高无上的荣誉。这部纪录片长98分钟，记录了摩尔根‧斯普尔洛克在30天里只吃麦当劳食品的整个过程。他之所以起这个电影名，是因为麦当劳员工老是问顾客要不要最大号的套餐，再加点钱添份饮料和炸薯条。 摩尔根‧斯普尔洛克的实验规则是这样的∶1.只吃麦当劳销售的食物，包括饮料；2.不买加大套餐或者汉堡、饮料，除非服务生主动提出；3.菜单里的每 种食物都吃至少一次。为了证明绝非做假，斯普尔洛克非常请了3位大夫为整个实验过程做记录，定期追踪他的健康状态。接着他出发上路，到美国20个城市采访 大夫、健康顾问、厨师、小孩，探寻健康与快餐的关系。 在拍摄纪录片之前，身高1米9的斯普尔洛克身体健康，体重不到84公斤。在试验了两个星期之后，大夫说他的肝受到厉害损伤，应当停止试验。但他没有听 从大夫的劝告。三周左右，他的心脏开始异常，大夫命令他天天吃两片阿斯匹林，他拒绝了，因为麦当劳不提供阿斯匹林。结果一个月后他的血压大大提升，体重也增加了11公斤。 该片的影响力确实不容忽视。影片在圣丹斯电影节获奖后，今年3月，麦当劳公司宣布取消餐厅“特大号”食品的销售，并推出了更为健康的成人“快乐餐”，里面包含菜蔬色拉、瓶装水和计步器。麦当劳而且宣布，今后将陆续推出更多有益健康的食物。 摩尔根‧斯普尔洛克在接受媒体采访时说∶“我的家人都非常瘦，我一直都非常健康，喜欢运动。但为了拍摄这部电影，我的确付出了非常多，拍摄这部影片时，我停止了运动，我只进行漫步这样的地面运动，但这样的运动量对于我其实是远远捕�一的。” 非常多影迷在观看了该片后，纷纷到其官方网站上留言。全部影评的第一段或者最后一段都厉害雷同，像“我看了这部电影之后，停止了去快餐店”，“把每周去 几次快餐店的习惯降到了每周一次，接着我的体重下降了，感觉也健康了许多，多谢导演，提议全部美国胖子都去瞧瞧这部电影，这不是娱乐或者社会实验，看过这部电影就能救你的命”。 摩尔根‧斯普尔洛克表示，世界范围肥胖症增加的缘故之一是美国快餐文化的输出。他以麦当劳店举例说，这家快餐联锁店在100多个国家天天为4600万 人提供饮食，其中美国人只占一半。“也就是说，2300万人在美国，其它2300万人在国外。所以说，我们正在把我们的坏毛病输送到全世界。” 1个炸鸡腿等于60支香烟的毒性 毫无疑问，摩尔根‧斯普尔洛克的试验过于极端，因为极少有人把洋快餐当成惟一的食物。因此，也有人据此指出，只要不是顿顿食用或者天天食用，对人体的危害不会有多大。 “这个观点是不正确的！”中国营养学会理事李庆天在接受记者采访时绝对地指出，洋快餐属于典型的“三高”(高热量、高脂肪、高蛋白)食品，这样的饮食架构在营养学上是肯定不合理的。“洋快餐的食品种类无外乎那么几样，我们可以一样样来分析。”李庆天将洋快餐按照食品种类加以分类作了详细的解释。 “第一大杀手就是炸烤食品。炸薯条之类的油炸食品是导致心血管疾病的元凶。非常是炸薯条属于高脂肪食品，土豆原本脂肪含量小于1%，但因土豆膨胀性 大，油炸后可达40%左右的脂肪含量。油炸食品高温后，会产生苯并芘等致癌物质。油炸而且破坏食物的维生素，使蛋白质变性。而烤鸡翅等烧烤类食品含大量‘三 四苯并芘’(三大致癌物质之首)，会导致蛋白质炭化变性(加重肾脏、肝脏负担)。有研究说，1个炸鸡腿等于60支香烟的毒性。” “汉堡基料中的白面粉是精食，对人体的重点生理效应在于产生热量。人类营养史表明，长期过于精食者，易引起冠心病、糖尿病、动脉血管硬化和心肌梗塞等。由于汉堡中含有大量奶油，只夹了一两片少得可怜的生菜或酸黄瓜，因此脂肪含量很高，维生素含量极低。” “盐的问题也不容我们忽视。”李庆天指出，因为含盐量超标的问题，麦当劳而且上了英国《泰晤士报》的“黑名单”。世界卫生组织提议每人天天的食盐摄入量 不得超过5克，我国营养专家提议不得超过10克。“假如长期吃得太咸，不仅会诱发心脑血管疾病，还而且会引起胃炎、消化性溃疡等疾病。” “洋快餐中的碳酸饮料可以算得上是个帮凶。”李庆天又补充道。可乐等碳酸性饮料含磷酸、碳酸，会带走体内的钙，并且含糖量过高，有气体，没有太多营养价值，喝后有饱胀感，影响正餐。许多儿童不肯好好吃饭就是这个缘故。甜筒等冷冻甜品类食品含糖、奶油，极易引起肥胖，含糖量过高也会影响正餐。 中国民众解放军总医院营养专家赵霖教授也指出，汉堡包、薯条等可引起体内激素变化，使食用者上瘾，造成难以控制进食量。研究中而且发现汉堡包、炸薯条、炸薯片、薄脆饼、烤猪肉、水果甜品上的棕色脆皮、饼干、蛋糕等食品中含有大量丙烯 胺。已知丙烯 胺是富含碳水化合物的食品经高温煎炸、烘焙或烘烤后 所产生的自然副产品。丙烯 胺可导致基因突变，会损害中枢和周遭神经系统，诱发良性或恶性肿瘤。专家认为，这一发现解释了西方国家肿瘤高发的缘故。世界卫生组织 (WHO)规定，每公斤食品中丙烯 胺不得超过1毫克。但目前麦当劳、肯德基等出售的薯条中丙烯 胺的含量高出该标准约100倍，一包普通的炸薯片超 标约 500倍，面包、蛋糕和饼干中丙烯 胺的含量也都超标。 赵霖而且非常指出，洋快餐中普遍使用的氢化脂肪(起酥油、人造黄油) 危害甚至大于饱和脂肪。他告诉记者，哈佛大学公共卫生学院营养学系主任瓦尔特‧威利特早在1991年就发表论文，明确指出洋快餐等使用的氢化脂肪对人类健 康存在潜在的危害。洋快餐中的油炸食品和烤制食品都普遍含有氢化脂肪。威利特说∶“脂肪对血液胆固醇影响的控制饮食研究以及有关氢化脂肪的摄入量与患心脏 病、糖尿病几率关系的流行病学研究表明，氢化脂肪比饱和脂肪更糟糕。” 长期食用洋快餐的恶果 “假如你年纪轻轻就经常睡不着、易疲劳，就应该好好注意自己的膳食架构了。”这是李庆天对时下年轻人的劝告。他指出，现下年轻的上班族越来越懒得自己动手 做早餐，经常与午餐并到一起吃，晚餐也常在外就餐，而三餐最常见的替代品就是洋快餐。长期如此，健康非常难保证。他表示，早餐一个鸡蛋、一杯牛奶和谷类食品是必不可少的，而快餐的营养搭配极不合理。 对于儿童来说，洋快餐造成的最直接后果就是肥胖。赵霖认为，随着居民生活日益富裕，物质供应极为丰富，各种中西式快餐、软饮料、方便食品的大量兴起，居民饮食模式和习惯有较大改变。而另一方面由于交通便利、电视计算机普及、体力活动减少，导致儿童摄入热量增加而消耗量下降，使儿童肥胖症的发生呈上升趋势。儿童肥胖症的大量出现已成为儿童学习、成长的一个不可忽视的问题。据关于调查显 示，近年来，我国有些城市国小生肥胖发生率逐年增长，已达5%—10%，有的城市甚至已超过了发达国家。不知不觉中，一直在西方比较流行的肥胖在我国也渐 渐成为了一种公害。 也许有的父母会说，“孩子小时候胖点枚�邑系，胖点才可爱嘛！”事实远非如此，儿童肥胖除影响小儿自身生长发育以外，极易发展为成人肥胖症。据研究，学龄期儿童肥胖转变为成人肥胖的危险度是非肥胖儿的3.9—5.6倍，大概有42%—63%的学龄肥胖儿将转变为肥胖成人。儿童肥胖而且成为其成年后出现高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、胆结石、肾脏病、脂肪肝、猝死、乳腺癌、痛风等疾病的诱因。肥胖对儿童的心肺功能和有氧能力造成损伤，使儿童运动能力下降。营养过剩 而且使免疫细胞过早发育，促使中年时期细胞过早衰老，导致细胞免疫功能迅速降低。更为厉害的是，由于肥胖儿童的大脑垂体细胞也逐渐被脂肪细胞所代替，由此而造成性激素分泌紊乱，可导致男孩女性化，女孩男性化，而这一人群成年后的性无能和生殖无能不但会摧毁无数本该福祉的家庭，甚至可能成为一种社会问题。 近日更有加拿大的研究人员发现，高脂食品会损害孩子正在发育的神经通道，可能对孩子的大脑和思惟素质造成永久性伤害。还，肥胖而且会造呈裁殆童免疫功能下降，易生病；活动能力下降，人不灵活；并且使儿童的心理状态不佳，非常是学生非常容易产生自卑心理。 李庆天指出，建立合理的膳食架构需要政府出台关于法规整肃食品市场；更需要广大社会公众的自我约束，对营养专家的提议不能听着有理，听完又去吃；对食品厂商诱惑得不得了的广告宣传，媒介应把好关；同时鼓励食品厂商开发出更多美味而营养的食品。倡导全社会多吃少盐、少糖、少油脂的清淡营养食品，在合理营 养的情况下享受美味。饮食时必须做到“进出平衡”，即摄入的营养和消耗的热量平衡。因此可以多吃一些动物和植物蛋白，如豆制品、瘦肉、鱼虾、奶、蛋等，要多吃水果和菜蔬。注意不要偏食、挑食，少吃油腻、油炸食品，少吃或不吃甜食。“社会和健康专家面临的挑战是教育消费者，说服他们改变生活模式。”美国疾病 控制预防中心的迪尔茨大夫如是说。这如同警钟，对于我们这些普通消费者，确实最重要的就是改变不健康的生活模式，和麦当劳说“再见”只是其中的一项举措。 这段资料给你，你来个开头，结尾就搞定了 没有英文的，对不起了

A McDonald's fried chicken was very toxic 60 cigarettes ‧ former head of McDonald's Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack. Critics said that Cantalupo's sudden death is because eating too many hamburgers, french fries results. Debate is not over, the shocking news one after another. May 5, McDonald's headquarters announced that the new president, Charlie ‧ Beira had a colorectal cancer surgery. In mid-May, one called "Give me the greatest number" of the documentary in the United States began to release, words against McDonald's. In this documentary, the young American director Morgan Spurlock ‧ mice as their own bodies to do an experiment: 30 consecutive days, he ate only McDonald's food three meals a day, drink McDonald's drink, and then he in the form of a documentary, so that everyone witnessed eating McDonald's for their own health changes brought about more harm than good. Although there is no medical proof of Cantalupo's death, Beira in colorectal cancer and hamburgers, French fries are necessarily linked, but the McDonald's admitted that they did a lot of these fast-food consumption. Reuters reported that they had the status of long-term consumption of McDonald's hamburgers: a huge McDonald's corporate headquarters is located in the Chicago suburbs, practitioners seldom have the opportunity to go outside to eat lunch. Available within the company cafeteria is McDonald's listing or upcoming products. In these foods, some are not seen at the McDonald's shop, what more of Orthodoxy Big Mac hamburger, soft drinks and French fries. This restaurant has also been used as a new product developed by the "early adopters Corner", the new products in the market prior to jettison should be here through the personal taste of senior officials. Allegedly, Beira to eat hamburgers, french fries a lot more than his predecessor. This name came from a poor president, since the age of 15, on the McDonald's fast food restaurant to work Zhengdian pocket money. Since then, the burgers and fries meals have become the work of Beira. And Morgan Spurlock's documentary ‧ even exacerbated the popular fast food on global security doubts. Recent years According to relevant statistics, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease is commonly found in western rich man's disease over the past recent years, China has a rising trend, and there are up to 50% of the mortality rate, has become a community a public nuisance. Correspond with the pace of development is that, McDonald's and other Western fast-food in China, the pace of development was equally astounding. Therefore, these diseases, whether behind the McDonald's there to do as the representative of the Western fast food? The question mark hanging over our hearts for everyone. And the "Ronald McDonald" against the "Give me the greatest number" in the United States to be known as "save your life the movie" This supreme honor. The documentary is 98 minutes long, recorded ‧ Morgan Spurlock ate only McDonald's in 30 days of food throughout the process. The reason for the name from this film is because McDonald's employees are always asking customers whether or not to the greatest number of packages, plus money Tim copies of drinks and French fries. Morgan Spurlock's experiment ‧ rule is this: 1. Eat only McDonald's sales of food, including beverages; 2. Do not buy packages or to increase the Hamburg, beverages, unless the service offered; 3. Menu of each eat food at least once. In order to prove that not fraud, Spurlock and invited three doctors to do recorded throughout the experiment, regular follow-up of his health. He then starting the road, covering 20 cities in the United States doctors, health consultants, chefs, children, exploring the relationship between health and fast food. Prior to filming the documentary, height 1 m 9 Spurlock's health, weight less than 84 kg. During the trial two weeks later, doctors said his liver was seriously injury, should stop testing. But he did not listen to a doctor's advice. Three weeks or so, his heart began to abnormal, the doctor ordered him to eat two aspirin a day, he refused, because McDonald's does not provide aspirin. Results One month later his blood pressure greatly increased, also increased body weight 11 kg. The film's influence is indeed not be ignored. Film in the Sundance Film Festival award, this year in March, McDonald's announced the abolition of restaurant "large number" of food sales, and introduced a more healthy adults "happy meal", which contains vegetables salad, bottled water and counting Step device. McDonald's also announced that in the future would continue to introduce more wholesome food. ‧ Morgan Spurlock in a media interview, said: "My family is very thin, and I have been very healthy, like sports. But in order to shoot the film, I really paid a lot, shooting the film, I am to stop the movement, I just like to walk the ground motion, but such exercise for me is not enough. " Many of his fans, after watching the film, have come to its official Web site message. All critic of the first paragraph or the last paragraph are serious identical, such as "I saw this film, stopped to fast-food restaurant," "the fast-food restaurants several times a week habit of going down to once a week, and then my weight down, a healthy feeling of many, I thank the directors, suggested that all the United States were overweight to see the film, this is not entertainment or social experiments, have seen the movie will be able to save your life. " ‧ Morgan Spurlock, said the reasons for the increase in obesity worldwide, is one of the U.S. fast-food culture output. He McDonald's restaurant, for example, this fast-food chain stores in more than 100 countries for 46 million people a day diet, only half of them Americans. "In other words, 23 million people in the United States, the other 23 million people abroad. So, we are our bad habits transported to the world." A fried chicken leg is equal to 60 cigarettes, the toxicity of There is no doubt that Morgan Spurlock's experiment ‧ too extreme, because very few people to Western fast-food as the only food. Therefore, it was also accordingly noted that as long as not eating or Dun Dun daily consumption on the human body will not be much harm. "This view is not correct!" China Nutrition Institute director Li days in an interview with reporters with certainty that the Western fast food is a typical "three highs" (high-calorie, high fat, high-protein) food, such as nutrition, diet architecture Science is absolutely unreasonable. "Western fast food type is nothing less than a few samples so that we can come to the same kind of analysis." Qing-days to Western fast food types to be classified in accordance with a detailed explanation. "The first killer is a deep-fried grilled food. French fries, sort of deep-fried food is the culprit leading to cardiovascular disease. In particular, French fries are high-fat foods, potatoes, fat content of less than 1% of the original, but potatoes expansion nature of large, deep-fried, after up to 40% of the fat content. fried foods after high temperature will produce carcinogenic substances such as benzopyrene. fried foods also destroy vitamins, so that protein denaturation. while the grilled chicken wings and other barbecue class Foods containing a large number of '34 benzopyrene' (the first three major cancer-causing substances), will lead to charring of protein degeneration (increased kidney and liver burden). a study says that a deep-fried chicken is equal to 60 the toxicity of cigarettes. " "Hamburg-based compound is refined white flour, food, the focus of physiological effects on the human body is heat. The history of human nutrition that is too fine a long-term food were easily cause coronary heart disease, diabetes, arterial sclerosis and myocardial infarction. As Hamburg contains a large number of cream, only very little clip of the 12 lettuce or pickled cucumber, so a very high fat content, vitamin content in very low. " "Salt of the problem can not be ignored." Qing-days that because of excessive salinity problems, McDonald's is also on the British "Times" and "blacklist." World Health Organization recommended intake of salt per person per day not more than 5 grams, nutrition experts suggest that China should not exceed 10 grams. "If the long-term eating salty, will not only induce cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, but also cause gastritis, peptic ulcer and other diseases." "Western fast foods, carbonated drinks can be described as is an accomplice." Qing-days, added. Coca-Cola and other carbonated beverages containing phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, will pick up the body's calcium, and the sugar content is too high, there is gas, there is not much nutritional value, a sense of fullness after drinking affect the dinner. Many children refuse to eat properly is for this reason. Ice Cream Frozen Desserts categories of food such as sugar, cream, easily cause obesity, high sugar content will also affect the meals. Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital nutrition experts Professor Zhao Lin also pointed out that hamburgers, french fries and other hormonal changes can cause the body to eat those addicted, resulting in difficult to control food intake. The study also found that hamburgers, French fries, potato chips, wafers, roasted pork, fruits, brown crust on the dessert, cookies, cakes and other foods rich in acrylamide. Acrylamide is known to carbohydrate-rich foods at high temperature frying, baking, or baking a natural by-products generated after. Acrylamide can cause gene mutations would undermine the central and surrounding the nervous system, induce benign or malignant. Experts believe that this discovery explains the Western countries, the reasons for high incidence of cancer. World Health Organization (WHO) provides per kilogram of acrylamide in food should not exceed 1 mg. But McDonald's, KFC, etc. French fries sold in the levels of acrylamide is about 100 times higher than that of the standard, a packet of plain potato chips exceeded about 500 times, bread, cakes and biscuits in the levels of acrylamide are also excessive. Zhao Lin also pointed out that Western fast food commonly used in hydrogenated fats (shortening, margarine) endanger even more than saturated fat. He told reporters, Head of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health, Walter Willett ‧ back in 1991 issued a paper, clear that the use of Western fast food such as hydrogenated fats on human health, potential hazards. Western fast food in the deep-fried foods and baked goods generally contain hydrogenated fats. Willett said: "The effects of fat on blood cholesterol, diet studies and on the hydrogenated fat intake and risk of heart disease, diabetes, epidemiological studies have shown that the relationship between risk, hydrogenated fats worse than saturated fat." The consequences of long-term consumption of Western fast food "If you are a young age often can not sleep, fatigue, they should be well aware of their diet structure of the." This is Li days to today's young people's advice. He pointed out that holds many lessons for the young office workers are increasingly too lazy to make their own breakfast, lunch, and often eat together and dinner often eat out, but three meals a day is the most common alternative to Western fast food. So the long-term health is difficult to guarantee. He said that an egg breakfast, a cup of milk and cereals are essential, while the fast-food nutrition with very unreasonable. For the children, the Western fast-food caused by the most direct consequence of obesity. Zhao Lin believes that as residents become more affluent, very rich material supply, all kinds of Chinese and Western fast food, soft drinks, convenience food, a growing number of residents in eating patterns and habits change substantially. On the other hand, due to transportation facilities, TV computer literacy, physical activity reduced, leading to an increase in children's calorie consumption dropped, so that the incidence of child obesity on the rise. The proliferation of childhood obesity has become a children's learning and growth that can not be ignored. According to the survey, in recent years, some of our cities in the country increased year by year the incidence of obesity niche has reached 5% -10%, and some cities even more than developed countries. Unconsciously, has been more popular in the West of obesity in China has gradually become a public nuisance. Maybe some parents would say, "The children point it does not matter baby fat, fat-point was lovely Well!" The fact is far from being the case, the impact of childhood obesity among children outside of their own growth and development could easily develop into adult obesity. According to studies, school-age children into adult obesity, obesity risk of 3.9-5.6 times the non-obese children, about 42% -63% of school-age children will be obese into obese adults. Childhood obesity has also become an adult after high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease, gallstones, kidney disease, fatty liver, sudden death, breast cancer, gout and other diseases. Of obesity on children's cardiovascular fitness and aerobic capacity caused by injury, decline in exercise capacity of children. Nutrient excess also allow early development of immune cells, prompting premature cell aging middle age, resulting in cellular immune function to quickly lower. More serious is that, due to large pituitary cells in obese children has also been gradually replaced by fat cells, thus causing sex hormone secretion disorder, can lead to the feminization of boys, girls and masculine, and this group of sexual impotence adult and reproductive incompetence will not only destroy the countless books of the well-being of families, and may even become a social problem. And more recently Canadian researchers found that high-fat foods may harm the developing nervous kids channels, may contemplate the quality of the child's brain and cause permanent damage. Moreover, obesity can also cause decreased immune function of children, easy to fall ill; activity of decline, people are not flexible; and the psychological state of poor children, especially the students are very prone to inferiority complex. Li days that the establishment of a reasonable diet structure of relevant laws and regulations introduced by the Government need to purge the food market; also need the general public self-restraint on the recommendations of nutrition experts can not listen to rational, after listening again to eat; for food manufacturers, the wildly popular lure advertising, the media should be well off; also encourage food manufacturers to develop more delicious and nutritious food. Promote the whole society to eat salt, less sugar, less fat light nutritious food, in the case of proper nutrition to enjoy delicious. Food must be "out of balance", that is, the nutritional intake and consumption of the heat balance. So you can eat some animal and plant proteins such as soy products, lean meat, fish, milk, eggs, etc., should eat more fruits and vegetables. Be careful not to partial eclipse, picky eaters, eat greasy, fried foods, eat, or eat sweets. "Social and health experts challenge is to educate consumers and persuade them to change their lifestyle." United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention Dr. Dilts says. It's like wake-up call, for those of us ordinary consumers, indeed, the most important thing is to change unhealthy lifestyle, and McDonald's say "goodbye" is just one of an initiative.

每一种饮食文化都有其自己的历史,饮食以其自身的存在证明着历史的沧海桑田。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于饮食文化论文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!饮食文化论文篇1 浅析台湾饮食文化 摘要：饮食是一种生活，也是一种文化表现。台湾特殊的历史背景、突出的海岛特征、独特的文化习俗融合形成了多元化的饮食文化。台湾饮食文化以福建闽南饮食文化为主，但又结合了中国大陆各地的饮食文化特点。本文旨在通过对台湾饮食文化的介绍，使人们对台湾的饮食文化能有一个大概地了解。 关键词：台湾;饮食文化;地方性;多元化 台湾是我国第一大岛，位于北回归线附近地，暖湿的气候正是孕育新鲜蔬果的最佳环境，而四面临海的位置更是各式海产品丰富的蕴藏之地。因为有得天独厚的自然环境，再加上各式美食文化的融合，而发展出于台湾人地道的美食。对于台湾人而言，饮食是一种生活，也是一种文化表现，尤其台湾特殊的历史背景和突出的海岛特征，外来移民族系繁多，使得饮食文化更加多元化，不仅各系的中华菜肴在此发扬光大，更汇集了来自全球各地的精致饮食，包括美、欧、日、亚热带、地中海等世界美食，都可以在台湾吃到。而台湾菜作为中华菜系中的一种，在台湾占有重要的位置，成为台湾最基础的饮食，深为台湾人民所喜爱。台湾饮食文化，是和当地的物产、文化传统紧密相关的，它是在台湾独特的历史文化、地理环境基础上，经过多次的文化融合而形成的多元化饮食文化。 中国美食甲天下，是全世界公认的。台湾继承了中华美食的传统，但又由于历史发展的不同路径，形成了今日丰富多彩的性格，也体现出台湾文化的开放与多元。梁实秋先生曾说“台湾地区之饮食本属闽南系列，善治海鲜，每多羹汤”，这也许是因为台湾与闽南地区仅有一水之隔，地理环境与气候物产相似的缘故，而台湾的先民又大多是从福建省的漳州和泉州移民的，因此我们很容易在台湾早期的饮食文化中看到闽南的地方风味。然而1949年，国民党政权退踞台湾，带去了大陆各地的风味菜，从此，大陆各大菜系就在宝岛得以发扬光大，逐渐形成多元而且独特的“台湾菜”文化。台湾小吃很有特色，它来自民间，扎根乡土，以其淳朴自然的本色深受食客的喜爱，造就了台湾人生活中最具代表性的饮食文化。举凡“蚵仔煎”、“虱目鱼肚粥”、“炒米粉”、“万峦猪脚”、“大肠蚵仔面线”、“甜不辣”、“台南担仔面”、“棺材板”、“烧仙草”、“筒仔米糕”、“花枝羹”、“卤肉饭”等等，都是独具台湾风味的名食小吃。 1、闽客饮食文化 台湾移民中闽南人移民时间最长、人数最多，所以闽菜可以说是台菜的主轴，是台湾最主要的饮食文化。闽菜以盛行汤菜和烹制山珍海味而着称，尤以清鲜、和醇、荤香、不腻的风味特色，独树一帜，以偏甜、偏淡、偏酸的“三偏”为特色。另外，与福建一样，台湾具有浓厚的饮茶文化，喜欢冲饮壶茶，讲究茶具的精美和冲泡方法，特别流行“功夫茶”。在历史上，台湾还生产过供春、秋圃、潘壶等几种质坚耐热、外观雅致的紫砂名壶。 2、少数民族饮食文化 台湾本土的华人融合了闽南、客家、土著(在台湾称“原住民”)等多种族群。饮食文化除了以闽南饮食文化为主外，还融合了各少数民族的传统饮食文化。 “客家”是汉民族中一支独特的族群。客家人在台湾已有二三百年的历史，目前共有400万人，约占台湾人口的1/6，他们拥有自己独特的饮食文化。传统的客家饮食与昔日农耕劳动的生活息息相关。其中糯米制的饭，因教一般的米食保存的时间长，而成为著名的客家主食，包括饭条、菜包等。由于生鲜食物比较匮乏，所以酸、咸和腌渍的菜肴特别多;像姜丝大肠、梅干扣肉、咸猪肉、客家小炒等都是知名的客家菜。 土著的饮食夺取自自然，如山产肉类、鱼、野菜、农产等，种类繁多，但吃法简单豪迈。不少高山族部落仍保留着不少传统特色，如兰屿的雅美族吃鱼有男女之别限制。土著人喜喝酒，尤其是自己用米或栗所酿的小米酒，风味香甜，呈现出了特有的饮酒文化。 3、食补文化 药膳是中医中药、饮食烹饪中的一朵奇葩，是饮食文化与中医文化的共同结晶：饮食文化是内容，中医文化是基础。药膳的最大特点是：有病治病，无病强身，男女老幼皆宜。他首先讲的是“膳”，即以食为主;然后才讲的是“药”，其药效寓于食品之中。现代药膳，是根据中国医药学的传统理论，结合现代营养学的研究成果，精心设计各种营养素的比例，用中药和食物相配合进行烹调加工，在考虑药物功效的同时要兼顾到味觉的可口，以收到“食助药力，药助食威”的效果。 台湾与大陆南方一样，饮食非常讲究食补。现在可以说是一种健康饮食文化。在台湾，养生防老，“阴阳互补”，“五行调和”等观念深厚。目前台湾食物养生方式主要有素食、生食、有机饮食、断食疗法及传统中医食疗。台湾民间常有以“四神汤”(淮山、芡实、莲子与茯苓)作滋补饮料，是著名的滋补小吃。 4、小吃文化 台湾小吃的发源于民众生活息息相关，最能诠释台湾本土文化、体现民间生活真实的一面。“就地取材”是个是小吃的特色。夜市则是体验台湾小吃的最佳场所，他以浓厚的地方特色与地道的乡土原味，紧紧住住了台湾本地人的胃与游客的心;不但拥有琳琅满目的小吃种类，而且相对于传统中国菜的讲究与精致，反而有一份不必正襟危坐的自在感。台湾各地都有夜市，多半位于交通枢纽、庙会和集市等人潮最旺、发展最早的地方。台湾虽然不大，但因为各地文化特色的不同，长期以来各夜市都有自成一个的特色小吃。 除了多样化的小吃种类外，小吃摊汇聚人潮的效应，带动了民生消费商品的进驻，如各式服饰、鞋类地摊与百货公司、餐饮店等，让以“吃”为主要形式的夜市，增加了“逛”的趣味，“有得吃又有得玩儿”成了台湾夜市最大的特色，从而聚集了更多的人潮。 5、快餐文化 快餐文化的传入让不少小吃文化受到冲击，因为快速又便利，但是却让某些地区性的饮食文化一步步的消失。过去富含地区风味的饮食习惯及饮食文化，也因为新的一代渐渐接受属于快餐的口味，而慢慢消失，家乡的滋味已不复存在，旅客到了陌生异地，只要找到某些快餐餐厅，一切便已然让人感到安全、踏实，我们的家乡，飘落在充满薯条、炸鸡、可乐、汉堡的一家全球化餐厅里。 参考文献 [1]焦桐，《台湾味道》，生活.读书.新知三联书店，2011 [2]刘汉琴，《诱人的台湾风味小吃》，《烹调知识》，2009 [3]王学泰，《中国饮食文化史》，广西师范大学出版社，2006 [4]林博专，《台湾高山族饮食风情》，《烹调知识》，2004 饮食文化论文篇2 浅谈金陵饮食文化 【摘 要】谈饮食，势必会想到“民以食为天”这一古训。饮食与人们日常生活息息相关，必不可少。每个地区、民族的饮食生活各不相同。 【关键词】金陵;饮食;文化 南京地处长江下游，气候湿润，土壤肥沃，物产富饶，交通便利，经济强盛，市场繁荣，加之南京乃是“六朝古都”，古称建邺、建康、江宁、金陵等，早在六朝时期，西晋左思的《吴都赋》就以“金陵佳丽地，自古帝王洲”来描写当时金陵的盛况。悠久的历史和古老的文化是南京饮食业发展的渊源，优越的地理条件和繁荣的市场经济，就是饮食业赖以存在和发展的物质基础。 一、原料物产 南京地区素有“鱼米之乡”的美誉，水陆交通都很发达，一年四季水产、禽、蔬菜联翩上市，金陵人最讲究饮食的时令性。优越的自然条件，为源远流长的金陵烹饪提供了极为丰富的特产资源。每个地区都有各具特色的特产和原料，对这些原料在加工上也都有本地区的特殊方法，形成本地区的地方风味特色。南京一年四季季节分明，既可生长南方作物， 又适应于北方作物的生长，可说是集南北作物的优势于一地，形成了鲜明的地方性。 二、食医结合 食疗在我国历史悠久，自古就有着把烹调技艺同医疗保健紧密联系的传统，几千年前就很重视“医食同源”、“药膳同功”，利用食物原料的药用价值，烹制成各种美味佳肴，达到预防和治疗疾病的目的。南京的一种特产蔬菜——菊花涝就具有此功效。菊花涝，又名菊花脑、菊花叶、菊花菜等，是一种多年生宿根性野花，属菊科。可食部分为其嫩梢。它含有丰富的维生素、蛋白质、黄酮和挥发油等。据中医学称“菊花涝，味甘、凉，无毒，有清热凉血、调中开胃，降血压，清凉解毒之功效。适用于胃热心烦，便秘口苦，头痛目赤等疾。”它当年播种，最迟到清明前即可收食。南京素有“火炉”之称，盛夏几乎家家必食菊花涝，这时正是它功效的最佳时期，也是人们最需要它的时候，它既能降暑， 又是可口的美食，这足以显示它清热凉血、调中开胃、降血压、清凉解毒之功效。食医结合在它身上得到充分的体现。 三、讲究时令的饮食风习 南京人在饮食方面似乎也不乏天赋，常把饮食跟季节联系起来。如“春有刀鲚夏有鲥”、“秋有肥鸭冬有蔬”、“小暑黄鳝赛人参”，“冬鲫夏鲤”、“稻熟鸭肥”……等等。人们掌握原料的生长规律，不同季节运用不同原料，讲究适时而食。 这也说明饮食原料与季节的密切关系。在《周礼》中记载有“春多酸，夏多苦，秋多辛，冬多咸，调以滑甘”的说法，这就是讲味道要应和季节时令。对调味品也要按时令调配，如“脍，春用葱，秋用芥。豚，春用韭，秋用蓼。”自古以来，我们一直遵循调味、配菜的季节性，冬则味醇浓厚，夏则清淡凉爽; 冬多炖焖煨焐， 夏多凉拌冷冻。特别注意按节令排菜单。正如一代美食名家袁枚的《随园食单》时节须知中说的“……冬益食牛羊， 移之于夏。非其时也。……萝卜过时则心空;山笋过时则味苦，刀鲚过时则骨硬。所谓四时之序，成功者退，精华已竭……”这里是说：宜于冬季用的牛羊改到夏季来吃，就不合时令。萝卜过时就空心无味，山笋过时就有苦味;刀鱼、鲚鱼过时骨就硬，万物都按四季的时序生长，旺盛期一过，精华耗尽……。袁枚的这一精辟阐述，说明当时人们就注意到了自然界的变化规律对饮食的影响及饮食与季节的结合。 四、繁荣发达的饮食业 中国烹饪的发展，可说是从隋唐起(或更早些)，经历了封建社会的发展时期，饮食业也在起伏中不断向前发展。对外贸易的交流，丰富了中国烹饪的食物原料;多民族的统一，使各地烹饪技艺得到了交流。特别是许多烹饪著作的出现，使中国烹饪以技术型慢慢过渡到学问研究的新阶段。唐代社会的昌盛，为饮食业提供了丰富多彩的原料和品种。当时南京在面点制作方面，水平已达到相当的高度。陶谷在《清异录》中列举的“建康七妙”，就可反映出当时南京厨师烹饪水平。“齑可照面，馄饨汤可注视， 饼可印字，饭可擦擦台，温面可穿结带，饼(一本作醋)可以作劝盏，寒具嚼着惊动十里人。”这里是说：碎切捣烂的腌酸菜，平均得像镜子一样可以照见人面;馄饨汤清如洁水，可以注入砚台磨墨写字;饼很薄，如蝉翼，下面的字可以映出来;饭粒光滑， 擦台上不碎不粘;面韧如裙带，打成结也不断;面饼入水不化，可以做酒盏用不漏酒;馓子又脆又香， 嚼起来十里内的人们都可以闻到香味而惊动。这当然是有些夸饰之辞，但反映了当时南京厨师烹饪水平之高。农业、手工业的发展，带来了商业的繁荣。唐代不仅饮食店分布极广，而且大城市里有了热闹的“夜市”供应。“夜泊秦淮近酒家……隔江犹唱后庭花”(杜牧《泊秦淮》)。可见那时在夜市可以办酒宴，足见当时饮食行业的营业是非常兴旺的。 五、对外的影响 中国的饮食文化直接影响到日本、蒙古、朝鲜、韩国、泰国、新加坡等国家，是东方饮食文化圈的轴心;与此同时，它还间接影响到欧洲、美洲、非洲和大洋洲，像中国的素食文化、茶文化、酱醋、面食、药膳、陶瓷餐具和大豆等，都惠及全世界数十亿人。由于政治上的影响，南京地区的人口几经流动，每一次朝代的更换，都带来了一部分外地居民(包括商人)，这样给南京地区的传统饮食带来了新的内容，从而创造了极好的与外界交流的机会。饮食生活在长期的发展中，一方面兼收并蓄，接收外地菜肴的影响，另一方面南京又有许多技术和菜肴传到外地，在相互交流中却保持了本地区的地方特色，使之更加具有区域性、地方性。如当时驰名中外的“北京烤鸭”最早始于金陵。北京著名烤鸭店“老便宜坊”于一九三四年所作的题为“首创焖炉烤鸭”的广告：“本坊自金陵移平三百余年，首创焖炉烧鸭烧鸡，精制各种菜谱，屡承中外士媛交相赞许，认本坊所烧鸡鸭为中国第一美味，深合卫生美旨，是以欧美杂志，均有记载(《中国饮食谈古》)”。不过金陵烤鸭在北京得到了进一步的发展，他们选用填鸭制作，使之更加肥润、香嫩。这也体现出在交流中求发展，在发展中求创新的这一宗旨，以一个侧面，也体现出整个中华民族的融合性。 猜你喜欢： 1. 健康饮食文化论文范文 2. 饮食与健康论文1000字 3. 英国饮食文化论文 4. 中西饮食文化差异论文 5. 欧洲饮食文化论文