太阳照常升起的主题论文

Ernest Hemingway is the 20th century, one of the most distinguished writers. His legendary life, and finally shot to the head end of their lives. His life has created 17 works, received many literary awards. His works became confused during the last century generation of 20 representative works of the later generations have had a profound impact. Since the advent of his works from the date of the academic study of his works on has never been interruption. U.S. scholars generally agreed that Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" is the history of modern American fiction classic. From the novel come out so far in 1926, critics of the novel research continued to deepen. His literary creation in Europe and America have a great impact, even in the United States lead to a literary revolution. Study abroad, for "The Sun Also Rises" The initial comments and research, by the time the information restrictions, and a post-war American history and culture-specific context of the impact, it is more concentrated in the novel and the "Lost Generation" of the relationship between the scope of the topic of the novel with a self-imposed exile in Paris after the war to young people and Hemingway's own life experiences linked, saying the author is the "Lost Generation" spokesmen. 30 era of the 20th century, by the economic impact of the Great Depression, people of "The Sun Also Rises" less concern. 40 era of the 20th century by the impact of the Second World War, critics of "The Sun Also Rises" comments appeared in two completely different views. Edmund Wilson in "The Sun Also Rises", the Jack is the only one in pain adhere to the norms of personal conduct of people. Wilson disagreed with the Milken亨利赛德al. His novels of the 19th century with the Anglo-American literary tradition, after a comparative study concluded that the 19th century hero of the novel regardless of the ultimate success or failure, will have a good character, but "in" The Sun Also Rises "All of the figures is the lack of good moral character will not have any form of willpower." "They have no moral sense of responsibility, this is a defeatist on the novel. Princeton University professor of literature Carlos Baker's book "as an artist --- writer Ernest Hemingway" is the first academic monographs Hemingway's writings. Baker, the first of "The Sun Also Rises" characters in a detailed psychological analysis. Max Bi turka in the " Love's death" a text that focus on Hemingway's novels reveal the age of 20 from the 20th century, the trauma of World War I brought about by the death of this universal love theme . Hemingway's works closely fit the flow of the pulse of the times in order to profound insight and sensitivity, showing the humanity in a given era, as well as the survival of the state of the spirit of the hardships suffered mill Patrick course. Domestic Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" Research has never stopped. 2003 published by the Gu Ling How can they become a wandering soul --- "The Sun Also Rises" in the "Lost Generation" Perspective. Her description of the specific thesis of "The Sun Also Rises" in the "Lost generation" characteristics. Shiyan 2002 Vocational and Technical College, the LU Wei and孙媛published "How can they become a wandering soul - An Analysis of" The Sun Also Rises "in several major figure in the spiritual world" of the novel in several the main character's spiritual world. Alvin Wang in 2002 published "From the characters of" The Sun Also Rises "to reveal the theme of" from his novel of the four main character's image to reveal the theme of the novel. Journal of Xuchang Teachers College in 1996 on Cui Wansheng, Zhang Hui thick. Published "prosperity, war, confusion, to avoid -" The Sun Also Rises "On their analysis from the four angles of" The Sun Also Rises. "1994 Zhejiang University newspaper published Bamboo Health "confused the two sides of life - On" The Sun Also Rises, "" once again discussed the status of a loss of life. Although Hemingway's novels and "The Sun Also Rises" study at home and abroad have made many achievements, but few people three-dimensional, from the multi-angle analysis of "The Sun Also Rises" theme. In fact, the analysis of Hemingway's novel "The Sun Also Rises" theme at the same time, on the performance of his existential philosophy of life: In the absurd world, in the emptiness of the environment, people should live actively in the process of discovery and the creation of the significance of the order of the United

我记得我的毕业论文是写的老人与海。其实都可以按照一下几点来分析。一、介绍作者二、介绍小说大体内容三、人物性格分析四、小说的文学意义五、小说的现实意义将这几点分析完整篇论文就差不多了。其实论文是很好写的，尤其是写文学这方面。祝你成功。

Ernest Hemingway of the United States in the 20th century one of the most distinguished writers. His legendary life, the last shot in the head by the end of their lives. His life has created 17 works, received many literary awards. His works became the 1920s generation at a loss of representative works, the later generations have had a far-reaching consequences. Since the advent of his works from the date of his academic work has never been on the study. U.S. scholars generally agreed that Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" in the United States in the history of modern fiction classic. From the 1926 novel come out so far, critics of the novel research continued to deepen. His literary creation in Europe and the United States have an enormous impact in the United States and even lead to a revolution in literature. Study abroad, "The Sun Also Rises" and comment on the initial study, by the time the information restrictions, the United States after the war, as well as a specific historical and cultural context of the impact, it is more focused on the novel "Lost Generation" The topic of the relationship, the novel with a self-imposed exile in Paris after the war to the young Hemingway and my life experience together, that is the author of "Lost Generation", the spokesman. In the 1930s, the economic impact of the Great Depression, "The Sun Also Rises" less concern. In the 1940s by the Second World War, critics of "The Sun Also Rises" comments appeared in two completely different views. Edmund Wilson in "The Sun Also Rises", Jack is the only one in pain in the conduct of individuals adhere to the guidelines. Wilson, who may disagree with the Milken Henglisaide al. He and the novels of the 19th century Anglo-American literary tradition of a comparative study concluded that the novels of the 19th century hero no matter the ultimate success or failure, will have a good character, "and" The Sun Also Rises "All of the characters is a lack of good moral character will not have any form of the will." "They do not have the moral sense of responsibility, this is a defeatist on the novel. Princeton University literature professor Carlos Baker's book, "The Artist as a writer Ernest Hemingway ---" is the first academic monographs Hemingway's writings. Baker for the first time, "The Sun Also Rises," the characters had a detailed psychological analysis. Max Bi Turka " love of death" in an article that, in the Hemingway novel reveals the concentration of the 1920s by the trauma of World War I brought about by the death of the universal love theme . Hemingway's works closely fit the flow of the pulse of the times in order to in-depth insight and sensibility, the performance of a particular era in human existence and the spiritual state of suffering and the pain sharpen the course. Hemingway home on "The Sun Also Rises" has never stopped the study. Gu Ling in 2003 by the publication of why they became a wandering soul --- "The Sun Also Rises," "Lost Generation" perspective. Her description of the specific papers, "The Sun Also Rises," "confused generation" features. 2002 Shiyan Vocational Technical College, LU Wei and Sun Yuan published a "how they become wandering soul - On" The Sun Also Rises "in a number of prominent figures in the spiritual world," the novels of a few The main character's spiritual world. Alvin Wang in 2002 published "From the images," The Sun Also Rises "to reveal the theme of" the four characters from the novel image to reveal the theme of the novel. 1996 Journal of Xuchang Teachers College at Choi Wan-sheng, Zhang Hui plant in bloom. "Published prosperity, war, confusion, to avoid -" The Sun Also Rises "Analysis of them from the four analytical point of view," The Sun Also Rises. "1994 Zhejiang University, in a newspaper published by the Health and bamboo, "the two sides were at a loss of life -" The Sun Also Rises, "" once again discussed at a loss of life status. Although Hemingway's novels and "The Sun Also Rises" study at home and abroad have made many achievements, but few three-dimensional, multi-angle analysis of "The Sun Also Rises". In fact, the analysis of Hemingway's novel "The Sun Also Rises" theme at the same time, the performance of his existential philosophy of life: the myth of the world, nothing in the environment, people should live actively in the process of discovery and To create meaning, the order of the United States.仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

一、研究的目的和意义《太阳照常升起》向人们展示了一幅战后荒原的画卷,生活在其中的荒原人不仅身体千疮百孔,精神也失去了家园.他们迷惘的,痛苦的,如行尸走肉般的生活着.研究《太阳照常升起》的目的是为了分析美国迷惘一代对于战争和生活的态度：他们之所以对生活失去信念是由于战争的创伤,但他们并未因此失去对人性的渴望.在当今世界,和平和发展成为两大主题的背景下,研究迷惘一代的悲剧生活,意义在于揭示战争的残酷性,发扬中华民族以和为贵精神,指导我们的生活.二、国内外研究现状和发展趋势美国青年巴恩斯在第一次世界大战中脊椎受伤,失去性能力,战后在巴黎任记者时与英国人阿施利夫人相爱,夫人一味追求享乐,而他只能借酒浇愁.两人和一帮男

一、封面1、题目：小二号黑体加粗居中。2、各项内容：四号宋体居中。二、目录1、目录：二号黑体加粗居中。2、章节条目：五号宋体。3、行距：单倍行距。三、论文题目：小一号黑体加粗居中。四、中文摘要1、摘要：小二号黑体加粗居中。2、摘要内容字体：小四号宋体。3、字数：300字左右。4、行距：28磅5、关键词：四号宋体，加粗。词3-5个，每个词间空一格。五、英文摘要1、ABSTRACT：小二号TimesNewRoman.2、内容字体：小四号TimesNewRoman.3、单倍行距。4、Keywords：四号加粗。词3-5个，小四号TimesNewRoman.词间空一格。六、绪论小二号黑体加粗居中。内容500字左右，小四号宋体，行距：28磅七、章、节、一.二.三.四、五级标题序号字体格式章：标题小二号黑体加粗居中。节：标题小三号黑体加粗居中。一、一级标题序号标题四号黑体加粗，顶格。(一)二级标题序号标题小四号宋体，不加粗顶格。1.三级标题序号标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。(1)四级标题序号标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。①五级标题序号标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。八、结束语小二号黑体加粗居中。内容300字左右，小四号宋体，行距：28磅。九、致谢小二号黑体加粗居中。内容小四号宋体，行距：28磅十、参考文献小二号黑体加粗居中。内容8—10篇，五号宋体，行距：28磅。十一、附录小二号黑体加粗居中。英文内容小四号TimesNewRoman.单倍行距。翻译成中文字数不少于800字内容五号宋体，行距：28磅。十二、提示【页边距设置】上2.5cm，下2.5cm，左3.0cm，右2.0cm。【页码制作】视图页眉页脚自动图标集选中第X页共Y页。【28磅设置】格式段落行距固定值设置值输入28磅文字。外国文学论文范文赏析：外国文学课程应用型改革的必然性一、应用型人才培养是教学改革的必然选择教育服务于时代，教学制约于环境。自上世纪90年代高校开始扩招到本世纪初毛入学率达到20%，我国高等教育已完成了由传统精英教育向现代大众教育的转化。在这个过程中，一批以专科院校合并升格方式组建而成的地方性本科院校应运而生。在世纪前后持续扩招的10年里，这些新建地方院校与老牌院校一起，共同承担了消化新中国建立后第二个人口生育高峰(上世纪80年代)蕴积的高等教育重任和完成大众化阶段高等教育任务的社会责任。在持续满负荷甚至超负荷运转中，他们对自身地位处境、办学目标方向、发展出路等问题未及进行准确定位思考，事实上高速发展的大众教育形势也不容思考。只需例行一年一度“打开门”，以“坐以待客”的招生方式，就有源源不断的生源和疲于应付的工作任务。办学思路、模式无需创建和开拓，只需延续精英教育阶段“全国一盘棋”万众一心建设综合性大学的老路。在发展历史短底子薄、地方投入不足办学条件差、地域封闭学缘校缘联系欠佳等不利因素下，殚精竭虑、不遗余力地追求学术型大学建设目标。客观地说，在此宏大目标下，这些院校做出了不同寻常的努力，使办学环境、条件得到了极大改善。自身获得了长足发展，也为我国高等教育事业做出了巨大贡献。但不可回避的是，诸多现实问题也随之产生，且日渐凸显，成为当前及今后一个时期困扰地方院校、困扰全社会，以至制约我国大众高等教育持续健康发展的巨大障碍。存在的主要问题是，地方院校是在办学条件有限、生源质量较差情况下，走与老牌综合大学同样的学术精英人才培养之路，现实与理想的差距，使教育活动收效甚微。教学中，一方面是受各种条件制约的教师在相对封闭的环境下，多年不变地守着同一个培养计划同一个大纲，竭尽所能地讲授系统的专业理论知识，另一方面是应试教育驯化出来的课外书籍基本不看、学习基本被牵着鼻子转的学生，在高校大信息量、满堂灌的课堂上难以适应和疲于应付。应试教育阶段，学生缺乏必要的阅读和社会参与，导致常识性科学文化知识和社会经验阅历积累不足。加之地方院校低分录取的学生知识功底较弱的特殊问题，使以系统理论知识传授为指针的教学活动困难重重。学生对大容量高密度的知识传授难于消化和理解，与教师之间难以形成“反馈”与“互动”的良好关系。于是教师全情投入的教学就成了单边进行无人喝彩的独角戏，难以收到良好的效果。第二个突出问题是，传统教学模式方法、内容体系及教育教学管理体制，已不能适应变化了的校情学情，造成教学和教育质量同时滑坡。一方面是在校生人数激增，给日常教学带来种种困难。人数激增，班型扩大，使课堂教学秩序难以把握，教学形式更趋于易于操作的满堂灌和一言堂，而以小班为易，曾经作为传统教学补充的研讨式、探析式、参与式教学难以坚持。另一方面是人数激增，使以拓展课堂教学和提高学生知识应用能力、综合能力的第二课堂活动难以开展。人数激增，并列班级增加，教学场所紧张。教室流动使用，学生走班，学生学习及活动最基本的组织单位———班级名存实亡，使第二课堂以及其它增强学生团队意识、提升学生文化素养和参与能力的校园文化活动难于组织。在这两大问题之下，最终检验学校教育成效和学生知识能力水平的毕业生的两大出口———考研和就业，均出现困局。重在理论知识传授的传统教学，目标是培养理论功底扎实有学术水平的高层次人才。但如此教育之下的毕业生，首先在专业知识检验的第一道关口毕业论文(设计)中，常常照抄照搬甚至“满纸荒唐言”。之后在被看作专业知识水平终极检验的考研中，整体成绩也不理想。成功率无论在量上还是质上，都不能与生源质量较好又有深厚学术积淀的一本院校同日而语。而绝大多数选择毕业即择业的学生，在并不与他们所学专业、课程直接对应的职业招聘考录中言不成文、语不成体，在考查综合素质能力的面试中手足无措的现象不在少数。因此现实是，一方面是学生苦读四年毕业后难以找到满意的工作，另一方面是用人单位难以录用到学用相适、上岗即能工作的实用人才。更为严峻的是，现今地方性院校已经占据我国高等院校总数6/7的份额，已无可置疑成为大众化时期高等教育的主体。而这些院校办学方向模糊造成的投入产出失衡、学生学用不适、校地人才供求脱节，不是个案和局部，而是普遍性全局性的问题。由此造成的问题是：这些院校越是在既有路线上发展扩大，越是造成资源和人才的浪费。其教师在一心培养高层次学术人才的课堂上传授越多，对学生掌控越多，学生开拓创新的能力、职业综合能力、社会适应能力越是不足，越是难以逃脱“理论基本不用”“、实践基本不会”和“毕业即失业”，的魔咒。而国家，在缓解了人口压力造成的高等教育压力的同时，却把就业压力抛向了社会，造成了新的民生问题和社会问题。同质化教育引发的地方院校以及我国高等教育整体问题，从中央到地方、从行政管理部门到实体院校，早已形成自省自警的共识。同时也都预见到，随着生育高峰期人口完成高等教育及高等教育适龄人口基数实际减小，我国高等教育已在蕴积新的矛盾和危机，那就是即将到来的院校间残酷的生源竞争。生源竞争将是物质基础、学术环境都相对较差的地方院校必然面临的危机和挑战。那么地方院校的出路在哪里？发展图存的希望何在？应该在国家政策的框架下谋发展，在自身个性化特色化发展中求生存。要充分领会教育行政部门“分类指导、准确定位、办出特色”的指示精神，要充分理解国家“培养适应经济社会发展的数以千万计的高素质专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才”的高等院校层级化发展思路，从中找到适合自身内情与环境的合理定位。那就是以培养“高素质专门人才”为宗旨，以立足一方服务一方为原则，走应用型人才培养和地域化个性化发展之路，办满足地方经济及社会发展对多样化人才需求的应用型大学。二、应用型人才培养体系中课程教学的问题与地位新世纪之后，国家和教育部持续适时颁发纲领性文件，实施和推动我国高等教育改革的不断深化。2005年教高1号文件《教育部关于进一步加强高等学校本科教学工作的若干意见》，做出了“坚持科学的发展观，实现高等教育工作重心的转移，在规模持续发展的同时，把提高质量放在更加突出的位置”的部署，倡导高等教育工作重心由扩大规模向加强内涵建设的战略性转移。2007年1月教育部、财政部联合发文《教育部财政部关于实施高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程的意见》，启动本科教学“质量工程”，提出“按照‘分类指导、鼓励特色、重在改革’的原则，加强内涵建设，提升我国高等教育的质量和整体实力”的基本路线，并以明确具体的建设目标、内容和资金支持，落实高等教育从“保量”到“提质”的切实转换。紧随其后的教育部2号文件《教育部关于进一步深化本科教学改革全面提高教学质量的若干意见》，进一步提出了“高等学校要根据经济社会发展需要，科学定位，办出水平，办出特色”的教育发展总体路线。到2012年教育部4号文件《教育部关于全面提高等教育质量的若干意见》，则进而明确提出了“探索建立高校分类体系，制定分类管理办法，克服同质化倾向。根据办学历史、区位优势和资源条件等，确定特色鲜明的办学定位、发展规划、人才培养规格和学科专业设置”的具体方针。国家层面改革与发展的思路清晰透明，这推动了国内高等教育理论界及实践者对大众化教育深化改革、加强内涵建设，以及高等学校分类定位、层级化发展诸问题的广泛探讨，更推动了学界和实体高校对源于上世纪70年代德国的“应用性大学“”应用型人才”培养模式的深入理论探讨和实践探索。在国家继续实施的“985工程”、“211工程”和新开辟的优势学科创新平台、特色重点学科项目及本科教学“质量工程”等政策、资金、项目、平台等支持下，对于占据我国当前高等教育主体地位的地方院校的“应用型人才培养”理论及实践的探索，均取得了丰硕成果。但从形成的成果结论看，刚刚建立的大众教育应用型人才培养体系已出现新的“结构性短缺”。首先是学科分类内部结构失调。从大的学科分类看，应用型人才培养的理论探讨和实践集中在理工类和新兴应用类学科上。主要探索上述学科实验教学场地、实践教学基地、校企合作、校地合作、产学研一体化等多种人才培养渠道的开发和建设。而既难言成果转化也难言实际应用，而一向作为提高人综合文化素养、人文素质和的传统人文社科类遭冷遇、被搁置，在“应用型”理论和实践大潮中失去了存在的价值和依据。继而在人文社科范畴内，外国文学课程所属汉语言文学及历史等传统人文类专业，因其既非“理论”也非“科学”，而只是人类文明进程中人物、事件、精神、物质等成果材料的汇集梳理，且不与当前经济社会特定产业、行业直接对接，不具备“实操性”和“应用性”，从而全局失利，在方兴未艾的“应用型”理论与实践探讨中失重失语。在定位为“应用型本科”的地方院校自我绘制的“精文、强理、重应用”的发展蓝图中，文科的下行路线已十分明晰。进而在已经失重的人文类汉语言文学专业中，主干课外国文学又因其不具有文学及写作理论课对创作实践的先验指导性，也不具有语言课对言语文实践的经验总结性，而与中国各段代文学课一起与“应用”相关的一切断裂和绝缘。从“文科”到“人文”再到“文学”，在当前经济社会，在重应用型人才培养的大众高等教育中，似乎已毫无用处，丧失了安身立命的依凭。第二，是实践及理论探索的视域有所局限。统观国内相关理论成果材料和实践总结报告，对应用型人才培养模式的探讨和实践主要局限在学校宏观体系建设方面，如制度保证、资金落实、项目带动、师资队伍建设、实践教学改进等宏观因素。而对决定教育改革成败和人才培养成效的学科、专业、课程等教育活动主体内容———教学层面落实问题探索不足。还局限在“合理调整专业结构”“、优化课程体系”“、推进课程体系、教学内容、教学方法和手段的改革”等原则意见的提出，而对教学改革的核心问题———课程教学内容体系、模式方法、评介考核等应用型改革与实践实操层面问题的研究，目前还实为缺位。课程改革是教育教学中的核心地位，国内应用型人才培养理论的奠基者潘懋元先生曾指出：“任何教育的最终效果取决于直接面对学生的课程建设和实施过程，因此课程建设是当前提高高等教育质量的核心环节。对于以人才培养类型作为分类标准的高校分类，最终也要落实在与人才培养密切相关的课程。因此，建设应用型本科课程是当前推进高校分类发展进而提高教育质量的重要举措。”因而，在国家政策积极引导、资金大力支持、院校层面应用型人才培养宏观体系构划业已就绪局面下，学科、专业、课程三级教学层面应用型人才培养模式的探索已无可退缩，它已占据大众教育改革深化最后攻坚克难的关键地位。而外国文学作为地方院校非应用类专业的主干课，也应牢固树立应用型人才培养的理念，努力探索满足社会经济发展对实践型、创新型、复合型人才需要的应用型人才培养之路，建立应用型教学改革和实践的课程体系。这既是大众高等教育改革深化的当务之急，也是地方院校一线教师当前要完成的首要工作任务。任务重大而紧迫而，不容松懈。