半导体英文论文

半导体物理学的迅速发展及随之而来的晶体管的发明，使科学家们早在50年代就设想发明半导体激光器，60年代早期，很多小组竞相进行这方面的研究。在理论分析方面，以莫斯科列别捷夫物理研究所的尼古拉·巴索夫的工作最为杰出。在1962年7月召开的固体器件研究国际会议上，美国麻省理工学院林肯实验室的两名学者克耶斯（Keyes）和奎斯特（Quist）报告了砷化镓材料的光发射现象，这引起通用电气研究实验室工程师哈尔（Hall）的极大兴趣，在会后回家的火车上他写下了有关数据。回到家后，哈尔立即制定了研制半导体激光器的计划，并与其他研究人员一道，经数周奋斗，他们的计划获得成功。像晶体二极管一样，半导体激光器也以材料的p-n结特性为敞弗搬煌植号邦铜鲍扩基础，且外观亦与前者类似，因此，半导体激光器常被称为二极管激光器或激光二极管。早期的激光二极管有很多实际限制，例如，只能在77K低温下以微秒脉冲工作，过了8年多时间，才由贝尔实验室和列宁格勒（现在的圣彼得堡）约飞（Ioffe）物理研究所制造出能在室温下工作的连续器件。而足够可靠的半导体激光器则直到70年代中期才出现。半导体激光器体积非常小，最小的只有米粒那样大。工作波长依赖于激光材料，一般为0.6～1.55微米，由于多种应用的需要，更短波长的器件在发展中。据报导，以Ⅱ～Ⅳ价元素的化合物，如ZnSe为工作物质的激光器，低温下已得到0.46微米的输出，而波长0.50～0.51微米的室温连续器件输出功率已达10毫瓦以上。但迄今尚未实现商品化。光纤通信是半导体激光可预见的最重要的应用领域，一方面是世界范围的远距离海底光纤通信，另一方面则是各种地区网。后者包括高速计算机网、航空电子系统、卫生通讯网、高清晰度闭路电视网等。但就目前而言，激光唱机是这类器件的最大市场。其他应用包括高速打印、自由空间光通信、固体激光泵浦源、激光指示，及各种医疗应用等。晶体管利用一种称为半导体的材料的特殊性能。电流由运动的电子承载。普通的金属，如铜是电的好导体，因为它们的电子没有紧密的和原子核相连，很容易被一个正电荷吸引。其它的物体，例如橡胶，是绝缘体 --电的不良导体--因为它们的电子不能自由运动。半导体，正如它们的名字暗示的那样，处于两者之间，它们通常情况下象绝缘体，但是在某种条件下会导电。

《半导体学报》是中国电子学会和中国科学院半导体研究所主办的学术刊物。它报道半导体物理学、半导体科学技术和相关科学技术领域内最新的科研成果和技术进展，内容包括半导体超晶格和微结构物理，半导体材料物理，包括量子点和量子线等材料在内的新型半导体材料的生长及性质测试，半导体器件物理，新型半导体器件，集成电路的CAD设计和研制，新工艺，半导体光电子器件和光电集成，与半导体器件相关的薄膜生长工艺，性质和应用等等。本刊与物理类期刊和电子类期刊不同，是以半导体和相关材料为中心的，从物理，材料，器件到应用的，从研究到技术开发的，跨越物理和信息两个学科的综合性学术刊物。《半导体学报》发表中、英文稿件。《半导体学报》被世界四大检索系统（美国工程索引(EI)，化学文摘(CA)，英国科学文摘(SA)，俄罗斯文摘杂志(РЖ)）收录。《半导体学报》1980年创刊。现为月刊，每期190页左右，国内外公开发行。每期均有英文目次，每篇中文论文均有英文摘要。《半导体学报》主编为王守武院士。国内定价为35元。主要读者对象是从事半导体科学研究、技术开发、生产及相关学科的科技人员、管理人员和大专院校的师生。国内读者可直接到全国各地邮局订阅。

The power semiconductor device and the micro electron power semiconductor device is in the semiconductor device important link, it and the micro electron component relations is close, because the micro electron component required power semiconductor device forms a complete set provides its power source and the execution system.If develops rapidly computer, when CPU from 286,486, to gallops I, II, III, IV…When development, to took the power source the power semiconductor request increasingly is also harsh.For example the present is developing the voltage to be smaller than 1 volt, on the electric current hundred amperes power sources, this must develop the newest MOSFET component to be able to meet the needs.In order to achieve these renew unceasingly the performance index, the power semiconductor device must use the micro electron component similar fine craft.This will also be this article is detailed narrates. The power semiconductor device and the integrated circuit close union, in the one has arranged in order four aspects in the chart: Namely 1) power and micro electron component in chip manufacture craft already day by day close: The power MOS component in order to achieve a better performance, for example requests to pass condition the resistance lowly, its craft already from 20 year ago several microns technologies rapidly to submicron even deep submicron development.This and the micro electron component development is consistent. 2) the MOS component seal technology is also approaching to the integrated circuit.These for years, the power MOS component has used has inverted (Flip) likely, ball grid array (BGA) and packing forms and so on multi-chip module (MCM).These all are the quite new integrated circuit packing forms. 3) looked from the component structure that, makes the power MOS component and the integrated circuit in the identical chip perhaps the identical packing, is one of recent development directions.Therefore the power semiconductor device equates simply for established separately the component no longer to be appropriate.Take the IR Corporation product as the example, the power integrated circuit, perhaps and IC does in the same place power component, as well as the special advanced component, held its product one above the half. 4) the comprehensive solution (Total Solution) is each kind of component finally conceives.Seeks the component the function integrity, in the solution application all questions is the component manufacturer's ideal.Had the integrated circuit to enter the power semiconductor device, this kind of comprehensive solution plan was easier to realize.Not only to the low power direction is so, even the high efficiency direction is also pursuing a greater integration rate and the comprehensive solution.Certainly, contains all functions by a component not necessarily forever is the preferred plan.For example must consider the rate of finished products the loss, but also must pay attention to the protection customer to develop the electric circuit on own initiative the enthusiasm.