论文期刊英文范文

摘要：规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。 语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据；但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。因此,规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。由于英语论文写作规范随学科不同而各有所异,本文拟就人文类学科英语论文的主要组成部分,概述美国教育界、学术界通行的人文类英语论文写作规范,以供读者参考、仿效。 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、英语论文正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。四、英语论文的文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。 1、若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9). 这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。 2、被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开。 需要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。 3、如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。 值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。 4、如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。 5、若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。 圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字；其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。 6、如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。 7、评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。 When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(1.1620-21). 这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。五、英语论文的文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点: 1、目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。 2、目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。 3、各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。 4、各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

Is It Right to Require Class Attendance?Required class attendance, like an old custom, is so common in Chinese colleges and universities that many teachers and even students themselves simply assume it a good practice. But is it wise to do so? It does contribute to the rise in the number of students attending class. But is there any proven correlation between attendance and performance in a course? The value of required attendance is being questioned by more and more teachers and students.Why is class attendance required? The reason seems fairly distinct and understandable. For one thing, to ensure that all the students in his or her class are attending it has been considered one of the responsibilities of the teacher in the long run. A strong sense of responsibility is acting on the teachers and making them feel lose face or even guilty if they are facing just several students in a classroom which should be filled with many more of them. Also playing a part is that teachers have to find ways to evaluate their students, and attendance, which is a perfect measurable factor, can be their good choice apart from mere paper marks.But does that make sense? Have teachers achieved their goal? Take the first glance and people may say "yes", because you can easily find that in the courses which require class attendance there are always a lot of students. But things are not just simply what they look like, however. "I'm tired of the course,but I've got to attend it. So I leave after my name is mentioned by the teacher." A college student said so and if you have experienced college life, you'll find he's not alone in saying so. In some courses attendance checking has been somewhat a burden to the students and they have developed several ways to escape classes while still retain good record on the teachers' handbook.One way is to leave silently after attendance checking, and there's still other ways such as asking others to reply when his or her name is called, etc. Even just talk about the students who never escape classes. We can hardly assume they're really "taking" the course because none of the available data shows any proven correlation between attendance and performance in a course. One may be sitting in the classroom, but who knows whether he or she is just sitting there daydreaming all the time?What surprises us is that there are students who get high marks without attending many classes. So now we seem to have reached a corner: how to explain all these phenomena? Is class attendance requirement really a ridiculous thing or have we missed something important that gives us the answer?Just consider the teachers' goal again and we can get more out of the problem. The point of all the things is that we should find a better way to arouse the students' enthusiasm and efficiency to study and attendance requirement is just one of the methods. One's course performance is measured by his or her efforts and efficiency rather than the time he spends to attend class. A student may have a high rate of attendance but low study efficiency. What's more, if we make a close research about the college education we can see why college education is not welcome. A sense of being compelled to study and not being trusted is the most important factor in it. Students in colleges tend to think they are already grown-ups who're responsible for what they can do and what they want to do. The attendance checking makes them feel that they are treated like children and thus may destroy the enthusiasm of study or even cause them to cheat the teachers in different ways. Another factor that bears the same importance is the classes, or to say the teachers them selves. Why do students fail to follow the courses? One thing that can not be denied is that many classes are simply too boring.Teachers only repeat their materials from the textbook and students feel they can gain nothing from it. For the third but not the least one, students do lack a strong desire to study and responsibility for themselves these days. Their life is filled with too many things such as PCs, TVs, and a lot of other things.These make them impetuous and unable to sit down quietly studying."Awareness of the problem is half of the solution," Once Edison mentioned. Now that we have reached the conclusion that mere attendance requirement is not right, nor necessary, what shall teachers and students do to find the other half of the solution and end the "hide and see" game?First, maintaining students attention and interest is still a big challenge for the classroom lecturers. One way for professors to meet the challenge is to brighten the classes with anecdotes for comic relief. Another way is to integrate visuals into classroom activities. Still another way is to punctuate the classes with discussion. Through all these methods the students' enthusiasm of study may be aroused and they would have the desire to study instead of being compelled to sit in the classroom thinking how to escape it.Students themselves should take actions to solve the problems too. The essence of the problem is how to improve their study quality and students themselves, as those who benefit from all the endeavors, must give an active response to teachers and the society. Just as Newton once said, "Exploring the unknown is the happiest thing in my life."Students must develop their interest and desire to learn in classes. They should try their best to follow the courses to get knowledge from them instead of making all kinds of excuses to escape classes.After all, taking all these factors into account, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that to require class attendance is not an effective way to ensure the students' study quality and efficiency, but it stands for the endless endeavor of educators to improve the standard of education and to give students better tourscs. Awareness of the problem is the first step and other effective measures are being taken. We have strong belief that the situation in the near future will be better and students as well as the teachers will both get high efficiency and interest from the classes.Just try and believe it! We cast our eyes forward because there will be a brighter future of education!它有权要求类出席？需要一流的出勤，像一个古老的习俗，是常见于我国高校，许多教师甚至学生自己承担它只是一个很好的做法。但是，明智的，它这样做？它有助于提高学生的人数上课。但没有任何证明的关系出勤率和性能的课程？所需的价值提出质疑出席正在为越来越多的教师和学生。为什么一流的出勤需要？其原因似乎相当明显的和可以理解的。一方面，以确保所有的学生在他或她的阶级参加它一直被认为是的责任，老师从长远来看。强烈的责任感是代理的教师，使他们觉得没面子，甚至如果他们有罪面临只是几个学生在课堂应该充满了更多的人。也发挥了部分教师必须找到办法来评价学生，入学，这是一个完美的衡量因素，可他们很好的选择除了单纯的文件马克。但是，这是否有意义？有教师实现其目标？采取乍一看，人们可能会说“是” ，因为你可以很容易地找到，在课程，需要有一流的出勤率一直是很多学生。但事情并不只是他们看起来像，但是。 “我已经厌倦了球场，但我必须参加它。所以，我离开后，我的名字是提到的老师。 ”大学生这么说，如果你经历过大学生活，你会发现他不是一个人这样说。在一些课程出勤率检查而得到某种程度的负担，学生和他们已经开发几种方式来逃避上课，同时仍保留良好记录的教师handbook.One方式是默默离开后，出席检查，并还有其他方式，如要求别人的答复时，他或她的名字叫做等甚至只是谈论谁没有逃生的学生上课。我们也难以承担他们真正“同时”的过程，因为没有可用的数据显示任何证明关系出勤率和性能的课程。人不得坐在教室，但谁知道他或她是否只是坐在那里白日做梦吗？我们什么惊喜的是，有学生谁获得高分没有参加许多课程。因此，我们现在似乎已经达到一个角落：如何解释这些现象？是一流的出勤要求实际上是一个可笑的事情，或者我们错过了一些重要的是给我们提供了一个答案吗？只是考虑到教师的目标，我们可以再次获得更多的问题。这一点对所有的事情是，我们应该寻找更好的方式来调动学生的积极性和效率，研究和出勤率的要求是公正的方法之一。一个人的表现当然是衡量他或她的努力和效率，而不是花费的时间，他上课。一个学生可能有很高的出席率低，但学习效率。更何况，如果我们作出的密切研究大学教育，我们可以看到，为什么大学教育是不欢迎。感被迫学习和不信任的是最重要的因素了。高校学生往往认为他们已经大人谁是负责他们能做什么和什么，他们想做的事情。出席检查使他们感到他们是一样对待孩子，从而可能破坏研究的积极性，甚至导致他们作弊的教师以不同的方式。另一个因素是承担同样重要的是阶级，或说他们的老师身上。为什么学生不能按照课程？有一点不能否认的是，许多班级太boring.Teachers只能重复其材料的教科书和学生认为他们可以从它得到任何好处。第三，但并非最不重要的，学生们缺乏强烈的愿望，研究和责任为自己这些天。他们的生活充满了太多的东西，如电脑，电视，还有很多其他things.These使他们浮躁，无法坐下来安静地学习。“对这个问题的认识是成功的一半的解决方案， ”一旦爱迪生提及。现在，我们已经得出的结论是，仅仅出席的要求是不正确的，也没有必要，什么应做教师和学生找到另一半的解决方案和最终的“隐藏和见”的游戏？第一，保持学生的注意和兴趣仍然是一个很大的挑战的教室讲师。一种方式教授，以满足目前的挑战是良好的班级轶事的漫画救济。另一种方法是把视觉到课堂活动。还有另一种方法是点状的班级讨论。所有这些方法，通过学生的积极性，研究可能会引起他们将有希望的研究，而不是强迫坐在教室思维如何解脱出来。学生自己应采取行动来解决问题。问题的实质是，如何改善他们的学习质量和学生本身，因为这些谁从中受益的一切奋斗，必须给予积极回应教师及社会的。正如牛顿曾经说过， “探索未知是最幸福的事情在我的生命。 ”学生必须发展自己的兴趣和愿望，学习班。他们应该尽力按照课程获得的知识，他们不是使各种借口逃避班级。毕竟，考虑到所有这些因素考虑进去，我们可以安全地到达的结论是，需要一流的出勤率不是一个有效的途径，以确保学生的学习质量和效率，但它代表了无尽的教育工作者的努力，以改善标准教育，并让学生更好地tourscs 。对这个问题的认识是第一步和其他有效措施，目前正在采取。我们有坚定的信念，这种情况在不久的将来将能更好地和学生以及教师都将获得高效率和兴趣的课程。刚刚尝试，并认为它！我们把我们的眼睛向前，因为将有一个更加光明的未来的教育！

不可能帮你——————