人格与社会心理学杂志百科

日常生活里我们所说的人格包含了许多含义，道德意义上的人格(与伦理、道德相对)、法律上的指一种资格（与权利义务有关）等等。而，我们在读书的时候，能感受到书中作者所刻画的各种人物的心理特征，有的人英勇、有的人懦弱；在现实生活中，我们也能觉察到周围人各不相同的特征，有的人勤奋、有的人懒惰。等等，这些心理特征其实都是心理学意义上的人格。在心理学中，人格是探讨个体与个体差异的领域。人格一词的起源（英文personality）自古希腊语persona。persona最初指古希腊戏剧演员在舞台演出时所戴的面具，与我们京剧中的脸谱类似。而后指演员本人，一个具有特殊性质的人。现代心理学沿用persona的含义，转意为人格。其中包含了两个意思：一是指一个人在人生舞台上所表现的种种言行，人遵从社会文化习俗的要求而做出的反应。即人格所具有的“外壳”，就像舞台上根据角色的要求而戴的面具，反应出一个人外在表现。二是指一个人由于某种原因不愿展现的人格成分，即面具后的真实自我，这是人格的内在特征。关于心理学中人格的定义，比较流行的是：所谓人格，是指一个人在社会化过程中形成和发展的思想、情感及行为的特有统合模式，这个模式包括了个体独具的、有别于他人的、稳定而统一的各种特质或特点的总体。在心理学中，还经常运用“个性”一词表达人格的概念。我国的《大百科全书?心理学卷》中就有人格即个性的提法。人格是一个具有丰富内涵的概念，其中反映了人的多种本质特征。 人格决定一个人的生活方式，甚至决定一个人的命运，因而是人生成败的根源之一。当面对挫折与失败时，坚强者能发愤搏，懦弱者会一蹶不振，这就是人格功能的表现。灵魂心理学属于灵魂医学（SoulMedicine）范畴，灵魂心理学给人格定义为，人格是人类独有的、由先天获得的遗传素质与后天禀承的内外信使相互作用而形成的、能代表人类灵魂本质及个性特点的性格、气质、品德、品质、信仰、良心以及由此形成的尊严、魅力等。灵魂医学认为信使是一切能够表达生物体内部之间以及与外界沟通联系并发生相应生物效应的各种生物语言。

一般来说，普通心理学研究主体与客体之间的一般关系，客体包括自然客体与社会客体。人格与社会心理学则主要研究主体与社会客体之间的特殊关系，即人与人、人与群体之间的关系；普通心理学的规律可以应用于人格与社会心理学，人格与社会心理学研究主体与社会客体之间的关系所获的规律，也可以丰富普通心理学；普通心理学传统上着重于研究个体、个人与物之间的关系，而人格与社会心理学则着重于研究群体中的个体、群体、人与人、人与群体的关系。人格与社会心理学与个性心理学的关系更加密切、更加复杂。美国心理学会迄今仍把个性与人格与社会心理学放在一个分支里。一般说来个性心理学是研究个性特质形成和发展的规律，涉及自然和教化的关系、涉及较稳定的心理特质，而人格与社会心理学则主要研究直接社会情境对个人的影响以及个人对这个情境的解释的作用。人格与社会心理学的一个重要发现表明，直接社会情境的作用往往被低估了。

1 Journal of personality and social psychology 人格与社会心理学杂志 美Journal of Personality and Social Psychology publishes papers in all areas of personality and social psychology and emphasizes empirical reports, but may include specialized theoretical, methodological, and review papers.The journal is divided into three independently edited sections.Attitudes and Social Cognition addresses those domains of social behavior in which cognition plays a major role, including the interface of cognition with overt behavior, affect, and motivation.Among topics covered are the formation, change, and utilization of attitudes, attributions, and stereotypes, person memory, self-regulation, and the origins and consequences of moods and emotions insofar as these interact with cognition.Of interest also is the influence of cognition and its various interfaces on significant social phenomena such as persuasion, communication, prejudice, social development, and cultural trends.Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes focuses on psychological and structural features of interaction in dyads and groups.Appropriate to this section are papers on the nature and dynamics of interactions and social relationships, including interpersonal attraction, communication, emotion, and relationship development, and on group and organizational processes such as social influence, group decision making and task performance, intergroup relations and aggression, prosocial behavior and other types of social behavior.Personality Processes and Individual Differences publishes research on all aspects of personality psychology. It includes studies of individual differences and basic processes in behavior, emotions, coping, health, motivation, and other phenomena that reflect personality.Articles in areas such as personality structure, personality development, and personality assessment are also appropriate to this section of the journal, as are studies of the interplay of culture and personality and manifestations of personality in everyday behavior. 2 Psychological bulletin 心理学公报 美《心理学公报》（Psychological bulletin双月刊）由美国心理学会（American Psychological Association）主办并出版，是享誉国际的心理学领域顶级期刊。研究及评论心理学的最新发展情况。所载论文既反映了心理学研究领域的最新发展，同时也成为沟通心理学所属各研究领域、心理学与相关学科关系的桥梁。研究内容涉及实验心理学的社会影响、心理学的目标建设，大脑不对称的视觉空间频率模式、精神分裂症的社会认知、宗教和心理治疗过程及心理治疗成果方面的实验研究。Psychological Bulletin publishes evaluative and integrative research reviews and interpretations of issues in scientific psychology. Primary research is reported only for illustrative purposes.Integrative reviews or research syntheses focus on empirical studies and seek to summarize past research by drawing overall conclusions from many separate investigations that address related or identical hypotheses. A research synthesis typically presents the authors' assessments ofthe state of knowledge concerning the relations of interest;critical assessments of the strengths and weaknesses in past research; andimportant issues that research has left unresolved, thereby directing future research so it can yield a maximum amount of new information.Both cumulative and historical approaches (i.e., ones that organize a research literature by highlighting temporally unfolding developments in a field) can be used. Integrative research reviews that develop connections between areas of research are particularly valuable.Manuscripts dealing with topics at the interface of psychological sciences and society are welcome, as are evaluations of applied psychological therapies, programs, and interventions. Expository articles may be published if they are deemed accurate, broad, clear, and pertinent.Methodological articles that previously were submitted to Psychological Bulletin should now be submitted toPsychological Methods. Original theoretical articles should be submitted to Psychological Review, even when they include summaries of research. Research syntheses should be submitted to Psychological Bulletin even when they develop integrated theoretical statements. 3 Psychological review 心理学评论 美《心理学评论》（Psychological Review季刊）由美国心理学会（American Psychological Association）主办并出版，是心理学最富盛名的期刊之一。旨在对科学心理学进行理论上的探讨和研究。刊载在心理学各个领域取得重大理论成就的研究性文章，也涉及某一特定领域的非主流理论的系统性评价。 ISSN: 0033-295X，季刊，1894年创刊；2008年影响因子为11.765 期刊网址： Review publishes articles that make important theoretical contributions to any area of scientific psychology, including systematic evaluation of alternative theories. Papers mainly focused on surveys of the literature, problems of method and design, or reports of empirical findings are not appropriate.There is no upper bound on the length of Psychological Review articles. However, authors who submit papers with texts longer than 25,000 words will be asked to justify the need for their length.Psychological Review also publishes, as Theoretical Notes, commentary that contributes to progress in a given subfield of scientific psychology. Such notes include, but are not limited to, discussions of previously published articles, comments that apply to a class of theoretical models in a given domain, critiques and discussions of alternative theoretical approaches, and meta-theoretical commentary on theory testing and related topics. 4 Behavioral & brain sciences 行为和脑科学杂志 英BBS is the internationally renowned journal with the innovative format known as Open Peer Commentary. Particularly significant and controversial pieces of work are published from researchers in any area of psychology, neuroscience, behavioural biology or cognitive science, together with 10-25 commentaries on each article from specialists within and across these disciplines, plus the author's response to them. The result is a fascinating and unique forum for the communication, criticism, stimulation, and particularly the unification of research in behavioural and brain sciences from molecular neurobiology to artificial intelligence and the philosophy of the mind. 5 Psychological reports 心理学报告 美 6 Journal of consulting and clinical psychology咨询心理学与临床心理学杂志7 Perceptual motor skills 感知与运动技能 英8 Psychological medicine 心理医学 美9 Journal of cognitive neuroscience 认知神经科学杂志 美10 Journal of experimental psychology.Learning,memory,and cognition 实验心理学杂志.学习、记忆和认识 美11 Journal of abnormal psychology 变态心理学杂志 美12 Developmental psychology 发展心理学 美13 Psychosomatic medicine 身心医学 美14 Journal of experimental psychology.Human perception and performance实验心理学杂志.人类知觉与行为 美15 Personality and individual differences 个性与个体差异 英16 Psychophysiology 心理生理学 英17 Annual review of psychology 心理学年度评论 美18 Behaviour research and therapy 行为研究和治疗 英19 Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior 药理学、生物化学和行为 美20 Journal of applied psychology 应用心理学杂志 美21 Journal of memory and language记忆与语言杂志 美22 The Journal of child psychology and psychiatry & allied disciplines儿童心理学、精神病学及相关学科杂志 英23 Journal of affective disorders 情感紊乱杂志 荷兰24 Cognitive psychology 认知心理学 美25 Psychological science 心理科学 美26 Cognition 认知 荷兰27 Health psychology 健康心理学 美28 Brain research 大脑研究 荷兰29 Perception & psychophysics知觉与心理学 美30 Personality & social psychology bulletin 个性与社会心理学公报 美31 Vision research视觉研究 英32 Psychopharmacology bulletin 精神鞠理学公报 美33 Journal of studies on alcohol酒精研究杂志 美34 Psychology and aging心理学与衰老 美35 Brain and language 大脑与语言 美36 Memory and cognition 记忆与认知 美37 Journal of psychosomatic research身心研究杂志 美38 Journal of experimental psychology. General 实验心理学杂志.总论 美39 International journal of eating disorders 国际进食障碍杂志 美40 Journal of educational psychology 教育心理学杂志 美41 American psychologist 美国心理学家 美42 Professional psychology, research and practice专业专理学，研究及实践 美43 Child abuse & neglect 虐待与忽视儿童研究 英44 Neuropsychology 神经心理学 美45 Organizational behavior and human decision processes组织行为与人类决策过程 美46 Behavioural brain research 行为大脑研究 荷兰47 Journal of applied behavior analysis应用行为分析杂志 美48 Perception 知觉 英49 Behavior therapy 行为治疗 美50 Psychological assessment 心理评价 美51 Journal of abnormal child psychology 变态儿童心理学杂志 美52 Journal of counseling psychology咨询心理学杂志 美53 Journal of personality assessment个性评估杂志 美54 Journal of traumatic stress 创伤应激反应杂志 美55 Cognitive neuropsychology 认知神经心理学 英56 Ethology 行为学 德57 Ergonomics 人机学 英58 Journal of experimental child psychology 实验儿童心理学杂志 美59 Law and human behavior 法律和人类行为 美60 Sex roles性别作用 美61 Journal of vocational behavior职业行为杂志 美62 Journal of personality 个性杂志 美63 Addictive behaviors成瘾行为 英64 Journal of experimental social psychology实验社会心理学杂志 美65 Journal of comparative psychology 比较心理学杂志 美66 The International journal of psycho-analysis 国际心理分析杂志 英67 Cognitive therapy and research 认知治疗与研究 美68 Clinical psychology review 临床心理学评论 英69 Journal of sport & exercise psychology运动与训练心理学杂志 美70 Educational and psychological measurement 教育与心理测量 英71 British journal of clinical psychology英国临床心理学杂志 英72Journal of experimental psycholoy Animal behavior processes实验心理学杂志.动物行为过程 美 73 British journal of psychology 英国心理学杂志 英74 Behavior research methods,instruments & computers 行为研究方法、仪器与计算机 英75 Social psychology quarterly 社会心理学季刊 美76 European journal of social psychology欧洲社会心理学杂志 英77 Infant behavior & development 婴儿行为与发育 美78 Neuropsychologia神经心理学 英79 Journal of pediatric psychology 儿科心理学杂志 英80 Behavioral neuroscience 行为神经科学 美81 The Journal of social psychology 社会心理学杂志 美82 Cognitive science 认知科学 美83 Journal of clinical child psychology临床儿童心理学杂志 美84 Biological psychology 生物心理学 荷兰85 Psychobiology 心理生物学 美86 American journal of psychology 美国心理学杂志 美87 Brain and cognition 大脑与认知 美88 Language and cognitive processes 语言与认知过程 英89 Memory 记忆 英90 Scandinavian journal of psychology 斯堪的纳维亚心理学杂志 英