对美国的评价论文题目

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论文题目是《论金融危机对外贸业的影响》美国消费减少影响中国出口 雷曼兄弟公司的倒闭和美林公司被收购与始自去年的次贷危机一脉相承,在众多专家看来,这个事件仅是整个危机过程中泛起的一朵浪花,不应该被孤立看待,其对中国经济的冲击实际上也是次贷危机对中国宏观经济影响的延续。 社科院世界经济与政治研究所世界金融研究室副主任张斌在接受本报记者采访时表示,可以从出口和进口两个方面来理解这次危机对我国的影响。 出口方面,可以预料的是我国宏观经济的外部环境将由于此次席卷华尔街的金融风暴而更显严峻。海关总署的进出口数据显示,今年前8个月,我国外贸出口额的增幅下行放缓的趋势明显,由于美国是中国商品最大的出口市场,一度在6-7月份冲高的中国外贸出口增速又将遭遇考验,张斌说,外需下降意味着外国消费者对高附加值产品和低附加值产品需求的同时下降。在这种环境下,出口商很可能没有动力革新技术,而是被迫通过压低产品价格去维持市场份额,这可能导致中国出口企业贸易条件的进一步恶化。 张斌同时分析,受此次金融危机的冲击,美国经济在下半年仍有下滑的可能,从而导致其国民消费能力和消费欲望继续降低,而投资支出将出现增加,“这对中国的外贸出口并不是一个利好消息”,如果美国国民的消费需求减少而制造业因投资增加而逐渐恢复活力,那么势必减少从中国进口商品的数量。 冲击二�� 加大国内进口商品成本 进口方面,由金融风暴带来的冲击则与美元汇率密切相关,目前国际市场上大宗商品几乎都以美元定价,美元走势的强弱决定了大宗商品价格走势的高低, 从可以观察到的数据来看,由于近期美元逐渐反转走强,原油、铁矿石等商品的价格显现下降趋势,这对需要大量资源性产品的中国来说本属利好消息,然而雷曼兄弟公司破产倒闭、美林公司被收购不期而至,再加上一周前被美国政府宣布接管的“两房”,美国金融市场反复动荡严重影响到美元汇率的走势和持有者的信心。 复旦大学经济学院副院长、金融学教授孙立坚也认为,虽然美国经济形势在二季度表现优于预期,体现出了足够的韧性,但这是由于美元弱势所带来的强劲出口所致,因此,在金融风暴袭来,国内需求更趋疲弱的情况下,美国政府将继续推动“弱势美元”下的出口,给美联储预留出进一步降息的空间。 张斌表示,虽然中长期还是看好美国经济走强和美元汇率走高,但是短期内弱势美元的政策似乎已被市场所认可,如此一来,原油、铁矿石等资源性产品的价格将被再度推高,我国进口以美元计价的大宗商品付出的成本也大为增加。 冲击三�� 重创国内金融市场信心 中央财经大学中国银行业研究中心主任郭田勇表示,雷曼兄弟公司破产是美国次债危机的延续,带给金融机构的损失和震动相当大,华尔街五大投行拥有强大的投资和研究团队,资产超过数千亿美元,信息资源也极为丰富,这样大型的投行也纷纷倒闭,说明了此次危机的严重性。“不同的金融机构出现了不同程度的损失,有所区分的只是损失额度大小,像雷曼兄弟,还包括前面被美国政府接管的“两房”和3月份被摩根大通收购的贝尔斯登等,但与其估算投资者的直接损失不如考量对金融市场的信心打击。 具体到中国而言,郭田勇认为,影响在两个层面上,第一个层面是市场信心,美国出大问题的机构相继破产,给中国的投资者心理蒙上了一层阴影。 可以获得印证的是,雷曼兄弟公司破产消息传来的次日,正值A股结束中秋三天假日开市,沪深两市银行板块全线暴跌,其表现只能以“惨不忍睹”来形容,其中,工商银行跌9.95%,建设银行跌9.94%,中国银行跌9.17%。在多方利空消息的垂直打击之下,沪深两市银行股全天放量大跌超过 9.0%,多达8家银行股跌停。而据昨日最新披露的信息,16日盘中跌停的招商银行截至昨日共持有雷曼兄弟公司发行的债券敞口共计7000万美元,其中, 高级债券6000万美元,次级债券1000万美元,并且公司尚未对上述债券提取减值准备。 冲击四�� 给国内金融机构带来直接损失 雷曼兄弟破产给国内金融机构带来的直接影响,包括两方面:一方面,我国的金融机构、投资者持有较多的次级债券,形成实际损失；另一方面,金融危机导致美国出现衰退,它会传导到中国来。

The Cold War started to develop after the Second World War when the USA and the USSR no longer had a common goal of Hitler’s Nazism. As soon as Cold War was instigated, the differences in ideology and other factors worsened the relationship between the USA and the USSR. This meant that many events such as Cuban Missile Crisis and arms race nearly led to a hot war. As Cold War progressed until the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cold War had significant impact on American society.Firstly, Cold War instigated strong anti-communism within the USA. The hatred towards Communism was so great that it eventually led to McCarthyism. During McCarthyism, Americans were obsessed with the process of identifying the Communists and removing those Communists from American society. The strength of this obsession increased greatly that Americans started to forget the fact that the US constitution guaranteed all Americans freedom to believe what they wanted to believe. The purpose of organisations such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the House Un-American Activities became the ‘removal of Communists’ and laws such as the Communist Control Act were passed to facilitate the process of identifying, capturing and removing Communists. The McCarran Act was also introduced, which forced all Communist organisations to be registered within the US government and banned Communists carrying US passports and working in defence industries. Inevitably, many were questioned without having done anything wrong, many lost their jobs and some even lost their lives like the Rosenbergs, who were blamed for having passed secret information about atomic bombs to the Soviet Union. This red scare continued to dominate the American society until late 1950s.Secondly, Cold War made many Americans to live in fear of danger of war. This fear of war was instigated by the arms race. One example is Cuban missile crisis, which caused high tension within the USA as the missiles in Cuba could reach the USA at any time. Until the U-2 planes found the missiles in Cuba, the fear was not significant as people knew that the missiles in the USSR could not cover such long distance to reach the USA. However, the missiles in Cuba threatened the USA’s security to a significant extent that many Americans had to live in fear. Although the attitude of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) was existent, the missiles in such proximity alarmed many Americans at that time. Apart from Cuban missile crisis, Americans lived in constant fear as the Cold War could turn into a hot war at any time.Thirdly, Cold War had an impact on American people economically. The impact was caused mainly by the increase in the amount of taxes. The United States used to adopt isolationism previously, meaning that the USA did not intervene in any other foreign matters to only concentrate on the domestic issues. As soon as the USA decided to intervene in foreign matters, Americans had to pay more taxes to support the USA’s actions. These actions, including the arms race and other wars, required massive amount of capital. For instance, the Vietnam War was one of the factors that used up massive amount of capital. The Vietnam War was very different from any other wars because it was a guerrilla war between Vietcongs. The Vietcongs had successfully planned the strategies to kill many Americans without having America’s latest technology such as tanks and airplanes. As the war developed, it was estimated that it costed Americans $400,000 to kill one Viet Cong.To conclude, although the Cold War never actually led to a hot war between two major powers, the USA and the USSR, it caused massive impact upon the world, including American society. The main impacts include anti-Communism, fear of war and economic damage. Of all the impacts, I believe that anti-communism is the one that caused everlasting impact on American society. The fear of war and the economical impact had short term effect while the hatred towards communism still exists within American society.