thesis论文题目

Thesis topic: construction project bidding decision-making and research skills [Abstract] project tender main line, the decision-making methods of tendering, the factors affecting the decision-making, tender offer strategy and risk analysis. Bidding process in the often appear in the pros and cons of the various methods of test and the need to pay attention to expounded. Town words: Skills Project Bidding Thesis topic: Engineering Change to study the impact of cost management [Abstract] FID1C articles based on the engineering change to the definition that, in accordance with the principle of fairness and efficiency of the process described in the cost of engineering change management principles and methods and examples of the contract denominated in the corresponding item in the contract and no accordingly denominated project engineering change the basis for determining price, the principles, methods. Town words: Engineering Change Cost Management FIDIC Terms Thesis topic: real estate investment risk theory [Abstract] from the perspective of the real estate investment real estate on the definition of risk, risk to the real estate industry source identification. With the current domestic economic policies to the real estate investment risk analysis, and in accordance with the types of real estate investment risks were taken appropriate measures and methods to make the process of real estate investments in order to minimize the risk level. Town words: real estate risk

Title: Study on Decisions and Skills of Construction Project Bid QuotationAbstract: Focusing on project bid, this article analyzes the decision methods and related factors, bidding risks and quoting skills. Describe advantages and disadvantages of different ways which are widely used in bidding quotation procedure.Key Words: Construction Project Bid, SkillsTitle: Study on how the alteration of construction affects the cost managementAbstract: Based on the clause of FID1C, this article defines the alteration of construction and explains the principals and methods of cost management in the alteration of construction according to the principals of justice and efficiency. With examples, this article also illustrates the background, principals and methods in the determination of project price alteration based on the existence or absence of the pricing items in contract.Key Words: Alteration of Construction, Cost Management, FIDIC ClauseTitle: Risk Theories of Real Estate InvestmentAbstract: From the point of real estate investment, this article illustrates the definition of real estate risks and identifies the resources of real estate risks. According to the domestic economical policies and the corresponding methods and skills based on the risk categories of real estate investment, this article analyzes the current investment risks of real estate and aims to minimize the risks in real estate investment.Key Words: Real Estate, Risks

短短的thesis statement已几乎决定这篇英文作文的成败。一个好的thesis statement，必具备以下特色：清楚地点出全文的主轴：重点清楚、绝不含胡。奠定文章将走的方向：方向确定了，可令人一下笔就有如神助、思绪不断、一气呵成。虽然简洁、清晰，却不失完整：如果文章有三个重点，在thesis statement就必有三个关键字，一个不多、一个不少。生动活泼，引发读者的兴趣，有一窥究竟的欲望。用字遣词成熟精湛。句型精简有力。以上是英文作文第一段的重点，我们在下笔练习之前，必须再进一步讨论它的细节：1.Thesis Statement清楚地点出全文主轴Thesis statement像一颗大树的种子，也像一个厂的发电机，它是全文的生命源。Thesis statement也就是全文的theme，它带着读者直窥全文的核心与精神。每一个题目都可以因人而异而有不同的切入点，因而同一个题目会因为不同的作者而有不同的主题，我们要守住自己文章的主轴。我们以“Chinese Cuisine”为例，它的主题可以是中国菜的历史、或中国菜的烹饪特色、或外国人如何看待中国菜、或中国菜和意大利菜之异同…等等。所以，我们的主轴要抓住、思绪要过滤，不能把想到的全写出来，因为脑筋装的东西太多了，天马行空会扰乱文章的中心思想，让全文摸不清方向和重点。2.Thesis Statement不拘泥于固定的文体首先，如果thesis statement没抓好，任何的文体都不具意义。绝对不要将自己捆绑于某种固定的文体，因为thesis statement是一个活泼、有力的生命体，我们可以用任何的文体来呈现它。例如，我们可以用「论说性」的文体，却加上一首诗，就显的刚柔并济；也可以用「比较性」的文体加上充分的数据，就显的严厉而客观；当然也可以用「直述性」的文体，外加一则「新闻性」的报导，就显的活泼且具深度。3.Thesis Statement可以「明示」，也可以「暗示」。无论是「明示」或「暗示」，均需「确切」而「清楚」地指出全文的主轴。所谓「暗示」，即纵使它的内涵或关键字不那么直接，却能让读者心中极自然地期待读到这篇文章所将阐释的某些意旨。4.Thesis Statement必替下一段稳稳地铺路。只要脑中有料，我们的思绪是不会无缘无故断掉的，所以，只要第一段（也就是thesis statement）有重点，就已替下一段铺好了路；换句话说，对作者而言，全文的走势（flow）早已成竹在胸，完全掌控。所以第二段就水到渠成、欲罢不能、自然而然地延续下来，使全文顺畅若流水。5.Thesis Statement虽然不长，却具完整性。虽然成熟的句子需精简干练、切忌冗长，但是thesis statement所发出的信息仍必完完整整，缺一不可。在thesis statement之后的段落（也就是body）之中，任何突发的重点，都将破坏文章的flow；当然，会「突发」的原因即在于thesis statement有缺口、欠完整。6.Thesis Statement令读者欲读之而后快。肤浅幼稚的字汇难以展现文字之美与巧。短短的thesis statement就像一颗镶在皇冠上的钻石，要发光发亮：它的用字遣词不但优美，而且有力；不但呈现全文的主轴，而且精致，让读者着迷。Thesis statement也是一把钥匙，将读者引进一个神秘而美丽的花园。所以thesis statement不是空泛的、没头绪的，而是扎扎实实，并替文章孕育了丰富的灵魂和生命。7.Thesis Statement的句型成熟精湛。Thesis statement既是全文最主要的部分，句型岂可不慎？磨磨蹭蹭的句子必然堆出一个冗长、松散、甚至没有重心的段落，不但不具吸引力，而且令人愈看愈累。所以，thesis statement的句型必是精湛而有力的。另外：8.Thesis Statement之前亦可加一个lead。Lead是什么？作用何在？怎么才写得好？这一方面的细节和练习，我们将随后再讨论。◎我们一起提笔来「起」文章如何下笔，一点都不可怕，因为写作既是创作，就像画画、捏黏土、堆积木，应该是一件有趣的事情。一个活泼的题目固然较易写出生动有趣的文章，但是，对于一个优秀的作者而言，如果把一个沉闷严肃的题目写出一篇活泼生动的作品，就如同木雕艺术家把一块再平淡不过的木头雕成一个灵巧迷人的艺术品，完成一个快乐的挑战。我们该这么想：文章是人写出来的，我们的头脑本来就不该受制于题目，而是题目被我们活化。再枯燥、通俗的题目，碰到活泼的头脑，都可以写出令人读之难忘的作品。其实，初级英文写作和高级英文写作的文章结构和逻辑都是一样的，只是高级作文因为文字、句型、思绪都更灵巧而且更具弹性，所以文章必然更活泼、充实、且更具深度。现在，为了带着读者清楚地由初级英文写作进阶到高级英文写作，我特意找出平时极常见的、亦即十分平凡的作文题目，并且示范，初级作文和高级作文即使写同样的题目，甚至写同样的内容，两者的thesis statement却不尽相同。我们一起来试试看。第一个题目：My Best Friend如果thesis statement这么写Everyone has good friends，so do I！My best friend is…缺点：乏味（只是复诵题目而已，不具意义）陈腔滥调（缺乏主见）没有重点（太广泛了，流于空洞），浪费篇幅！所以找不到关键字。因此没有指出文章的方向。用字肤浅。句子松散。↓这样较好初级英文作文的thesis statement这么写My best friend is Tina，who is very humorous and is very nice to me .有优点了：指出了全文发展的方向：我最好的朋友是幽默而友好的。有关键字：humorous，nice还是有缺点：用字幼稚。太呆板、完全不生动。未能塑造意境。↓一模一样的内容，这样写就会立刻踏入高级英文作文高级英文作文的Thesis StatementHumor and friendliness exemplify my best friend，Tina .关键字清楚：humor，friendliness，Tina。因此文章的主轴稳定明朗。字汇成熟有力。句型精湛例落。动词使用“exemplify”，使文章活起来。第二个题目：My Mother如果thesis statement这么写I have a great mother，who loves us so much that she works very hard all the time.缺点：陈腔滥调（绝大多数的母亲皆如此）。没有重点（太广泛了，流于空调）。所以找不到关键字用字肤浅。句型松散无力。没有指出文章的方向。↓这样较好初级英文作文的thesis statement这么写My mother is a housewife .She is very smart and loves not only us，but also other children as well .有优点了：有关键字：housewife，smart，love（s）other children。指出全文发展的方向：幼吾幼以及人之幼。还是有缺点：用字幼稚。意境未能深入人心。句型松散。↓一模一样的内容，这样写就会立刻踏入高级英文作文高级英文作文的Thesis StatementThe intelligence and altruistic maternal love of my mother compliment her role as a housewife .关键字清楚：intelligence，altruistic，housewife。因此文章的主轴已稳固、明朗。字汇成熟有力：intelligence代替smart；altruistic代替loves other children；maternal love代替she loves us。句型精致利落。“compliment her role as…”使文章活泼起来。「刻画母亲」的意境呈现。第三个题目：My Definition of Beauty如果作文的thesis statement这么写There are different kinds of beauty.For example，many young people are beautiful，but some old people are also very beautiful.Therefore，age is not a problem for beauty.优点：点出了文章的方向：美不受年龄的限制。缺点：字汇浅薄。句型松散。↓这样较好初级英文作文的thesis statement这么写Young or old，a person can be beautiful.It's true that children are lovely，but old people are also beautiful if they have a kind heart.优点：更精确地指出全文的方向:老年人的慈爱之美。缺点：字汇浅薄，没有份量。句型软弱，没有力量。↓一模一样的内容，这样写就会立刻踏入高级英文作文高级英文作文的Thesis StatementGenuine generosity，true mercifulness and unchallengeable wisdom accent the charisma of the old age—the image of real beauty.关键字清楚：generosity，mercifulness，wisdom，old age因此确切地点出全文将发展的方向：?大方?慈爱?有智慧是老年之美，也是真正的美。