教育学论文外文文献加中文翻译

National minority countryside area education as a result of historical and reality reason, foundation weak, qualified teacher short, education level of development low, reforms in the advancement elementary education curriculum in the process, its meets difficulty compared to other places more arduous, appears the question correspondingly more, is also more incisive. National, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region constructed to the countryside area elementary and middle schools teachers troop extremely takes, to give in the policy request and the support. Pointed out "must organize the pedagogical colleges and universities, the ordinary college and the teacher trains the organization, enlarges to the countryside school, cities weak school teacher's training dynamics." "Helps the countryside school, the cities weak school establishment collated and corrected copy to do research the system". This article under such background, the countryside junior middle school teacher which chooses the Guangxi Rongshui Miao Autonomous County is the research object, the utilization investigation methodology, the literature methodology, the comparison methodology and so on the many kinds of methods, thoroughly understood Rongshui Miao Autonomous County in the countryside teacher career development present situation and training exists the question, proposed the collated and corrected copy does research for the national minority countryside area teacher career development effective way, and analyzed the collated and corrected copy to do research with the teacher career development correlational dependence, elaborated the Rongshui Miao Autonomous County countryside junior middle school developed the necessity which the collated and corrected copy did research. The collated and corrected copy does research is take "by the school as this", "the teacher is the researcher" and "promotes the teacher career development" for the core idea teacher career development motion. Its source is must fundamentally change the teacher in "training" the center passive position, prominent teacher's independent study and independent development. Advocated in close integration with school and the teacher reality, do research the activity take the school as the base development, thus constructs to the national minority countryside area teacher troop has the value. In contrasts above the foundation which the our country concerned scholars studies, the article thought that, The national minority countryside area development collated and corrected copy does research the goal should have direct and the level; The training content should have pointed and the actual effect, in the content choice should highlight the curriculum resources development consciousness and the ability, the education teaching ability, the education scientific research ability, the teacher occupational ethics tutelage and so on four big aspects; Does research the pattern to be supposed to appear suddenly the flexibility and may be operational, proposed studies independently enhances the pattern, the scientific research actuation pattern, the network does research the pattern and so on, and carries on thin to its operation link; The support program should have the together cooperation, inside and outside the school support program including the educational administration management support, the system support, the cultural support, the fund support, the technical support should cooperate together, can cause the collated and corrected copy to do research obtains continues to develop; Finally, proposed the appraisal valid question, the appraisal main body, the content, the appraisal organization which does research to the collated and corrected copy carries on elaborated and asks the urgent need solution question. 少数民族农村地区的教育由于历史和现实的原因，基础薄弱，合格教师短缺，教育发展水平低，在推进基础教育课程改革的过程中，其所遇到的困难比其他地方更加艰巨，出现的问题也相应地更多、更尖锐。国家、广西壮族自治区对农村地区中小学师资队伍建设非常重视，给予了政策上的要求与支持。指出“要组织师范院校、普通高等学校和教师培训机构，加大对农村学校、城镇薄弱学校教师的培训力度。”“帮助农村学校、城镇薄弱学校建立校本研修制度”。 本文在这样的背景下，选择广西融水苗族自治县的农村初中教师为研究对象，运用调查研究法、文献研究法、比较研究法等多种方法，深入了解融水苗族自治县的农村教师专业发展现状和培训中存在的问题，提出校本研修为少数民族农村地区教师专业发展的有效途径，并分析了校本研修与教师专业发展的相关关系，阐述了融水苗族自治县农村初中开展校本研修的必要性。 校本研修是以“以校为本”、“教师即研究者”和“促进教师专业发展”为核心理念的教师专业发展行动。其本源是要从根本上改变教师在“培训”中的被动地位，突出教师的自主学习和自主发展。主张紧密结合学校和教师实际，以学校为基地开展研修活动，因而对少数民族农村地区的教师队伍建设更有价值。在对比我国有关学者研究的基础之上，文章认为：少数民族农村地区开展校本研修的目标应具直接指向性和层次性；培训内容应具针对性和实效性，内容选择上应突出课程资源开发的意识和能力、教育教学能力、教育科研能力、教师职业道德修养等四大方面；研修模式应突现灵活性和可操作性，提出自修提高模式、科研驱动模式、网络研修模式等，并对其的操作环节进行细化；支持系统应具共同协作性，校内外的支持系统包括教育行政管理支持、制度支持、文化支持、资金支持、技术支持应共同协作，才能使校本研修得到持续发展；最后，提出评价的有效性问题，对校本研修的评价的主体、内容、评价机构进行阐述并提出急需解决的问题。(copy来的）

I’m on the top of the world.我是世界之王。

I’m the best! I’m the greatest! I’m invincible.我是最棒的.我是不可征服的。

I’m ready for any challenge.我已经准备好应付任何挑战。

idiom; comparison; English; Chinese：

英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times NewRoman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号。

采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格。

EducationEducation in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another.Etymologically, the word education is derived from educare (Latin) "bring up", which is related to educere "bring out", "bring forth what is within", "bring out potential" and ducere, "to lead".[1]Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes called schooling when referring to the education of teaching only a certain subject, usually as professors at institutions of higher learning. There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those required to be a pilot. In addition there is an array of education possible at the informal level, such as in museums and libraries, with the Internet and in life experience. Many non-traditional education options are now available and continue to evolve. Systems of formal educationEducation is a concept, referring to the process in which students can learn something:Instruction refers to the facilitating of learning toward identified objectives, delivered either by an instructor or other forms.Teaching refers to the actions of a real live instructor designed to impart learning to the student.Learning refers to learning with a view toward preparing learners with specific knowledge, skills, or abilities that can be applied immediately upon completion.Preschool EducationPrimary (or elementary) education consists of the first 5–7 years of formal, structured education. In general, main education consists of six or eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.[2] Under the Education for All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school.Secondary educationIn most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1-13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession.The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories (for instance, the emergence of electrification), that required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created and the curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved to be beneficial for both the employer and the employee, because this improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment.Higher educationHigher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities, and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Higher education generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree qualification. In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.Adult educationAlternative educationIndigenous education在最大的意义，教育是任何行为或经验，有一个心灵上形成的影响，性格或个人体能。在其技术意义上说，教育是社会的过程，从一代人故意传输其积累的知识，技能和价值观到另一个地方。 词源学，文字教育是从教育保育（拉丁）派生出来的“造就”，这是有关educere“带出”，“内带出什么”是“带出潜力”和ducere，“领导”。 在教育机构教师指导学生的教育，可能会借鉴很多科目，包括阅读，写作，数学，科学和历史。这个过程有时被称为上学时，指的是教学的教授通常只为某一个课题，在高等院校的教育。也有在教育领域，谁想要这些具体要求，如，职业技能是一个飞行员。此外，还有一个是在非正式的教育水平数组，例如可能在博物馆和图书馆，与互联网和生活经验。许多非传统教育的选择，现已并继续得到发展。 系统的正规教育 教育是一个概念，指的是过程，学生可以学到一些东西： 教学是指对确定的学习目标，无论是由导师或其他形式交付便利。 教学是指一个真正的生活，旨在向学生传授学习教练的行动。 学习是指与一对准备与具体知识，技能，或可用于完成后立即查看学习能力的学习者。 幼儿教育 小学（或小学）教育由5-7首次正式，结构化教育。一般来说，主要包括教育，在五，六，虽然这之间不等，有时内，国家开始对6岁或8年的学校教育。就全球而言，约70小学适龄儿童入学％小学教育，这一比例上升[2]在教科文组织教育驾驶的所有方案。，大多数国家都致力于实现普及小学教育入学率在2015年，在许多国家，它是为儿童义务接受初级教育。中，小学和中学教育科是有点武断，但它通常在大约11或12岁发生。一些教育系统中有独立的学校，向发生在中学教育的最后阶段过渡大约在14岁。学校提供初级教育，大多是被称为小学。在这些国家的小学通常分为幼儿学校和初中。 中学教育 在世界上最现代的教育系统，中学教育包括正规教育，在青春期发生。它的特点是从典型的过渡义务教育，小学全面的未成年人教育，可选的，有选择性的成人高等教育，“大专”或“较高”教育（如大学，职业学校。根据系统，学校这段期间，或其中的一部分，可称为中学或高中，体育场馆，公立中学，中等学校，学院，或职业学校。任何对这些条款的确切含义不同从一个系统到另一个。之间的精确边界小学和中学教育也因国家而异，甚至在其中，但一般在对学校教育的第七次是第10个年头。主要是在青少年时期出现的中学教育。在美国，加拿大和澳大利亚一起小学和中学教育有时被称为K - 12教育，并在新西兰使用1-13年。中等教育的目的，可以给予常识，准备接受高等教育或专业培训，直接。 在美国中学教育的出现并没有发生，直到1910年，由于在大企业和工厂的技术进步引起的（例如，电气化）的出现，这需要熟练的工人。为了满足这种新的就业需求，创造了高中课程和实际工作技能，更好地准备白领或学生熟练的蓝领工作的重点。这被证明是为雇主和雇员有利，因为这导致人力资本改善员工变得更有效率，降低了雇主的成本，只收到了小学教育程度较高的工资比员工熟练的员工。 高等教育 高等教育，也叫三级，第三阶段，或专上教育，是在非义务教育阶段的教育水平，遵循了一个提供诸如高中，中等学校中学教育，学校完成。高等教育是通常采取的包括本科和研究生教育，以及职业教育和培训。学院和大学是提供大专教育的主要机构。总的来说，这些有时被称为大专院校。高等教育一般的结果是把证书，文凭或学位收据。 高等教育包括教学，科研和社会服务活动的大学，并在教学领域，它包括了大学本科水平（有时称为大专教育）和研究生（或研究生）级（有时称为研究生院） 。高等教育通常涉及建立一个学位程度或基础学位的工作。在大多数发达国家的人口（50％）高比例现在进入一些在他们的生活时间高等教育。因此，高等教育是非常重要的国家经济，既是一个重要的行业在它自己的权利，并作为培训和教育的人员为其他经济来源。 成人教育 另类教育 土著教育