毕业论文英文文献综述范文

一、学位论文的一般格式和顺序 紧接英文页面之后的学位论文独创性声明和使用授权声明(见附件一)需要由研究生本人亲笔签名，学位论文需要提交电子版以便于数据库管理和网上查阅。有保密要求不宜公开的论文由导师申请，院系审核，经校保密工作委员会审查后，提交研究生学位办公室批准后同意保密，保密期后自动承认使用授权声明，并予以公开。 硕士学位论文一般在三万字以上，博士学位论文一般在五万字以上。文字采用中文简体;除艺术、古籍等个别经研究生院特许的情况外不得采用繁体字。鼓励采用中英文双语写作，但上交国家及校图书馆的论文必须用中文。 本格式主要适用于理、工、医、管学科的学位论文和一般的文科论文，特殊情况经研究生院批准后执行。(一)论文题目 论文题目是论文全貌的集中体现，应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，命题必须确切、简明，题目应力求简单，也不应宽泛笼统，应能看出论文的实质性内容和工作重心。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字，必要时可加副题名。副题名可另起一行，用破折号与主题名隔开。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。 可公开交流的学位论文应有英文题名。英文题名另起一页，排印在英文授予单位前，其间用“a dissertation submitted to”(硕士学位论文用“a thesis submitted to”)作为标志，后面注明学位类别、研究生姓名、导师姓名、日期等。英文题名格式见研究生院主页下载区→研究生学位→英文页面格式。 (二)论文摘要(提要) 论文摘要包括题名、硕士(博士)研究生姓名、导师姓名、学校名称、正文、关键词。中文约500字左右，英文约200~300词左右，二者应基本对应。它是论文内容的高度概括，应说明研究目的、研究方法、成果和结论，要突出本论文的创造性成果或新的见解、用语简洁、准确，并在论文摘要后注明本文的关键词3至8个。关键词应为公知公用的词和学术术语，不可采用自造字词和略写、符号等，词组不宜过长。 英文摘要采用第三人称单数语气介绍该学位论文内容，目的是便于其他文摘摘录，因此在写作英文文摘时不宜用第一人称的语气陈述。叙述的基本时态为一般现在时，确实需要强调过去的事情或者已经完成的行为才使用过去时、完成时等其他时态。可以多采用被动语态，但要避免出现用“this paper”作为主语代替作者完成某些研究行为。中国姓名译为英文时用汉语拼音，按照姓前名后的原则，姓、名均用全名，不宜用缩写。姓全用大写，名的第一个字母大写，名用双中文字时两个字的拼音之间可以不用短划线，但容易引起歧义时必须用短划线。例如“冯长根”译为“feng changgen”或“feng chang-gen”，而“冯长安”则必须译为“feng chang-an”。论文英文封面上的署名也遵守此规定。 (三)目录 目录是论文的大纲，它反映论文的梗概。论文目录要求层次清楚，应将论文的章节按顺序编好页码，页码居页面的右侧并排列整齐。 (四)本论文专用术语(符号、变量、缩略词等)的注释表(任选) 如果有必要可以设置此注释表。此部分内容可根据论文中采用的符号、变量、缩略词等专用术语加以定义和注释，以便于论文阅读和迅速查出某符号的明确含义。 (五)正文 正文是学位论文的主体。内容可因研究课题的性质不同而有所变化。一般可包括：文献综述、理论基础、计算方法、实验方法、经过整理加工的实验结果的分析讨论、见解和结论。 正文一律用阿拉伯数字编排页码，页码在底部居中。正文之前的摘要、目录等内容单独编排罗马数字页码。 1.绪论(前言) 本研究课题国内外已有的重要文献的扼要概括，阐明研究此课题的目的、意义，研究的主要内容和所要解决的问题。本研究工作在国民经济建设和社会发展中的理论意义与实用价值。 2.文献综述 在查阅国内外文献和了解国内外有关科技情况的基础上，围绕课题涉及的问题，综述前人工作情况，达到承前启后的目的。要求：(1)总结课题方向至少2017年以来的国内外动态;(2)明确前人的工作水平;(3)介绍目前尚存在的问题;(4)说明本课题的主攻方向。文献总结应达到可独立成为一篇综述文章的要求。 3.理论分析、数值计算或统计分析 利用研究生本人所掌握的理论知识对所选课题进行科学地、严密地理论分析、数值计算或统计分析，剖析课题，提出自己的见解。 4.实验原理、实验方法及实验装置 学位论文要求对实验原理、方法、装置、步骤和有关参数有较详细的阐述，以便评阅人及答辩委员会审核实验的可靠性，并能对试验进行重复以便验证结果的可靠性，也为以后的研究者提供一个较完整的研究方法。 5.实验结果及讨论分析 列出数据的图或表，并对数据结果进行讨论，对比分析、结果推论要严格准确，避免采用模棱两可的评定语言。对反常的数据要保留并做解释或者说明，不可随意剔除数据做出有违科学公正的行为。 (一)、本科生毕业论文文献综述模板 (二)、人力资源管理论文开题报告范文 (三)、大学生毕业论文开题报告范文（两篇） (四)、市场营销专业论文开题报告范文（三篇） (五)、大学生个人职业规划论文结束语（十篇） (六)、大学生个人职业规划论文范文（三篇） (七)、大学生职业规划论文3000字（四篇） (八)、大学生形势与政策论文4000字 (九)、北京工业大学经济与管理学院祝合良教授在《人民日报》发表理论文章 (十)、大学生毕业论文通用谢辞范文（十篇） ;

下面是我为大家整理的一些关于“英文文献综述的 范文 ”的资料，供大家参阅。

英文文献综述范文

How to Write a Literature Review ?

I. The definition of Literature Review

文献综述(Literautre Review)是科研 论文 中重要的文体之一。它以作者对各种文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础，就某个专题的 历史 背景、前人的工作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。通过阅读文献综述，科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信息，了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。

II. The purposes of literature review And Its Components

A. The Purposes

On the one hand, it helps you broaden the view and perspective of the topic for your graduation thesis.

On the other hand, it helps you narrow down the topic and arrive at a focused

research question.

B. Its Components

There are six parts in a complete Literature Review.

标题与作者(title and author)

摘要与关键词(abstract and key words)

引言(introduction)

述评(review)

结论(conclusion)

参考文献(references)

III. Classification of Source Materials

How can we locate the materials relevant to our topics better and faster? Basically, all these source materials may be classified into four majors of sources.

A: Background sources:

Basic information which can usually be found in dictionaries and

encyclopedia complied by major scholars or founders of the field. Three very good and commonly recommenced encyclopedias are encyclopedias ABC, namely, Encyclopedia Americana, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Collier’s Encyclopedia. There are also reference works more specialized, such as The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics for linguistics and TEFL studies. Moreover, you may also find Encyclopedia on the web.

B: Primary sources

Those providing direct evidence, such as works of scholars of the field,

biographies or autobiographies, memoirs, speeches, lectures, diaries, collection of letters, interviews, case studies, approaches, etc. Primary sources come in various shapes and sizes, and often you have to do a little bit of research about the source to make sure you have correctly identified it. When a first search yields too few results, try searching by broader topic; when a search yields too

many results, refine your search by narrowing down your search.

C: Secondary sources

Those providing indirect evidence, such as research articles or papers, book

reviews, assays, journal articles by experts in a given field, studies on authors or

writers and their works, etc. Secondary sources will inform most of your writing

in college. You will often be asked to research your topic using primary sources,

but secondary sources will tell you which primary sources you should use and

will help you interpret those primary sources. To use theme well, however, you

need to think critically them. There are two parts of a source that you need to

analyze: the text itself and the argument within the text.

D: Web sources

The sources or information from websites. Web serves as an excellent

resource for your materials. However, you need to select and evaluate Web

sources with special care for very often Web sources lack quality control. You

may start with search engines, such as Google, Yahoo, Ask, Excite, etc. It’s a

good idea to try more than one search engine, since each locates sources in its

own way. When using websites for information, be sure to take care for the

authorship and sponsorship. If they are both unclear, be critical when you use

information. The currency of website information should also be taken into

account. Don’t use too out information dated for your purpose.

IV. Major strategies of Selecting Materials for literature review

A. Choosing primary sources rather than secondary sources

If you have two sources, one of them summarizing or explaining a work and

the other the work itself, choose the work itself. Never attempt to write a paper

on a topic without reading the original source.

B. Choosing sources that give a variety of viewpoints on your thesis

Remember that good argument essays take into account counter arguments.

Do not reject a source because it makes an argument against you thesis.

C. Choosing sources that cover the topic in depth

Probably most books on Communicative Language Teaching mention William

Littlewood, but if this your topic, you will find that few sources cover the topic

in depth. Choose those.

D. Choosing sources written by acknowledged experts

If you have a choice between an article written by a freelance journalist on

Task-based Teaching and one written by a recognized expert like David Nunan,

Choose the article by the expert.

E. Choosing the most current sources

If your topic involves a current issue or social problem or development in a

scientific field, it is essential to find the latest possible information. If all the

books on these topics are rather old, you probably need to look for information in

periodicals.

V. Writing a literature Review

A. When you review related literature, the major review focuses should be:

1. The prevailing and current theories which underlie the research problem.

2. The main controversies about the issue, and about the problem.

3. The major findings in the area, by whom and when.

4. The studies which can be considered the better ones, and why.

5. Description of the types of research studies which can provide the basis for the current theories and controversies.

6. Criticism of the work in the area.

B. When you write literature review, the two principles to follow are:

1. Review the sources that are most relevant to your to your thesis.

2. Describe or write your review as clear and objective as you can.

C. Some tips for writing the review:

1. Define key terms or concepts clearly and relevant to your topic.

2. Discuss the least-related references to your question first and the most

related references last.

3. Conclude your review with a brief summary.

4. Start writing your review early.

VI. 文献综述主要部分的细节性提示和 注意事项

英文文献主要部分细节提示：

引言(Introduction)

引言是文献综述正文的开始部分，主要包括两个内容：一是提出问题;二是介绍综述的范围

和内容。提出问题时，作者要给出定义性解释、交代研究背景、简单介绍不同文献的看法和

分歧所在并介绍该文献的写作目的;介绍该综述的范围和主要内容时，作者应使用简明扼要

的语句加以概括。

引言的内容和结构具有以下特点：

(1)综述的引言通常包括定义性解释、研究背景、现存问题或分歧、综述的目的、内容和

范围;

(2)使用一般现在时介绍背景知识，使用现在完成时叙述他人成果，使用一般将来时或一

般现在时简介本文内容;

(3) 句子 结构力求简洁明了，多用简单句，并列成份较为常见;

(4)以第三人称主语为主，间或使用第一人称复数充当主语。

述评(Review)

述评是文献综述的核心所在，是对引言的展开和深入。根据引言所提出的问题和限定的范围，

作者要对大量有关文献进行系统的整理、归纳、对比和分析，在此基础上列出与主题有关的

所有重要学术观点，然后分别加以论述，以便读者获得全面的了解。回顾前人研究，以时间

为序，由远及近。以有叙有议的方式体现述评的功能，叙前人研究，议其结果、探其原因、

究其不足。

分析评论，特别是表达作者自己的观点时，要客观、谨慎，因此多使用模糊性语言和表推测

的语言形式。

综述的结论(Conclusion)

结论不仅是作者对全文的总结，也是作者发表个人 意见 的部分，一般有标题Conclusion 或

Summary，较短的综述如果没有小标题，则往往有As mentioned above，To sum up，To

conclude，Inshort，In all 等 短语 引出结论。结论的内容包括：对述评的归纳、对各种问

题的评论性意见、对未来研究的建议或展望。

二.注意事项

⒈搜集文献应尽量全面。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提，否则，随便搜集一 点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的文献综述，甚至写出的文章根本不成为综述。

⒉注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同，有的 文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异，因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和 科学性较好的文献。

⒊引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析，因此在撰写时应分清 作者的观点和文献的内容，不能篡改文献的内容。

⒋参考文献不能省略。有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略，但文献综述绝对不能省略，而 且应是文中引用过的，能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。

5.文献综述不应是对已有文献的重复、罗列和一般性介绍，而应是对以往研究的优点、不足和贡献的批判性分析与评论。因此，文献综述应包括综合提炼和分析评论双重含义。

6.文献综述要文字简洁，尽量避免大量引用原文，要用自己的语言把作者的观点说清楚，从原始文献中得出一般性结论。

7. 文献综述不是资料库，要紧紧围绕课题研究的“问题”，确保所述的已有研究成果与本课题研究直接相关，其内容是围绕课题紧密组织在一起，既能系统全面地反映研究对象的历史、现状和趋势，又能反映研究内容的各个方面。

8. 文献综述的综述要全面、准确、客观，用于评论的观点、论据最好来自一次文献，尽量避免使用别人对原始文献的解释或综述。

VII. A Sample of Literature Review

A Study of Chinese Vogue Expressions and Translations

Although we can see the obtained achievements in researching on Chinese vogue expressions, papers on the translation of contemporary Chinese vogue expressions are scarce and rare, not to mention the discussion of translation methods and untranslatability of Chinese vogue expressions, which is a great regret in the field of vogue expressions. Few representative papers on Chinese vogue expressions translation are listed as follows: A Study of Shooting Star Language Translation(Wang Jian, Zhou Yongping, 2005:92～94); Cultural Reflection on Vogue Word s Translation (Su Yu, Wang Ting, 2011:50 ～ 51); The optimization of “Zero Translation” in Translating Vogue Words (Shi Rui, 2010:102～105).

Hence, the numbers of researches on contemporary Chinese vogue expressions translation are expected to be increased and the comprehensive and detailed researches on this field are also expected to appear. Since 1990s, scholars have already paid attention to Chinese vogue expressions, but the research at that time is still in the stage of tentative exploration. Some representative papers are: City Buzzwords and Social-Cultural Analysis (Sun Manjun,1996:101～107) discusses the development and changes of buzzwords in the current society facing transformation as well as the relation between buzzwords and background of social culture and psychological changes of urban people; Metaphorically Semantic Generalization of Vogue Expressions (Liu Dawei,1997:35 ～ 38) talks about the semantic generalization of metaphors of vogue expressions; Study on Creativity and Homoplasy of Language from Vogue Expressions (Xia Lihong, 1999:16～18) treats the development process of vogue expressions from the characteristics of creativity

and homoplasy, believing that vogue expressions are originally the “creativity” used in a certain range, and finally surpass the original range of use because of the interaction among people and the homoplasy of aesthetic interests. Due to the characteristics of timeliness, periodicity and randomness, some vogue expressions can not be included in common dictionaries, therefore, language scholars carried out the work of compiling vogue expressions dictionaries, such as Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Vogue Expressions (Xiong Zhongwu, 1992), andBeijing Modern Buzzwords (Zhou Yimin, 1992).

After entering 21st century, increasingly great number of Chinese vogue expressions emerges and penetrates into different aspects of social life; accordingly, related researches on Chinese vogue expressions become comparatively richer. Researching on Chinese vogue expressions has already become the hot topic of linguistic and cultural circles. The Linguistic will contribute to the filed of Chinese vogue expressions and make references forothers who are interested in contemporary Chinese vogue expressions and their Translations.

References

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[3] Einar, H. The Analysis of linguistic Borrowing. Language, 1950 (26):210～231

[4] Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004.283

[5] Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Beijing:

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[6] New York Times, Jul. 4, 2010

[7] Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functional Approach Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001

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李丽君. 英语 学术论文 及 留学 文书写作[M]. 北京： 清华大学出版社， 2002. 田贵森, 段晓英.英语专业 毕业 论文写作 教程[M]. 北京： 北京理工大学出版社.

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ok ,俺棒吧。