nature管理类文章

《Nature》和《Science》他们是综合性刊物，更偏向通俗类科普读物；而子刊是更专业的，专门针对某一类别的研究。其中《Nature》是私人商业集团管理，《Science》是公益性的学会管理。

就现在来讲，通过IF比较，某些子刊类的review甚至高于主刊，但综合来看，其实还是主刊更有影响力，毕竟刊登的是多方面的知识。对于这些20分以上的期刊，很难说谁比谁强，但Nature比其子刊难发是不争的事实，靠砸钱也许你能发个nature子刊（比如nature genetics），但是却发不了nature。

期刊：

1.从广义上来讲，期刊的分类，可以分为非正式期刊和正式期刊两种。非正式期刊是指通过行政部门审核领取"内部报刊准印证"作为行业内部交流的期刊(一般只限行业内交流不公开发行)，但也是合法期刊的一种，一般正式期刊都经历过非正式期刊过程。

2.正式期刊是由国家新闻出版署与国家科委在商定的数额内审批，并编入"国内统一刊号"，办刊申请比较严格，要有一定的办刊实力，正式期刊有独立的办刊方针。是由依法设立的期刊出版单位出版图书。期刊出版单位出版期刊，必须经新闻出版总署批准，持有国内统一连续出版物号，领取《期刊出版许可证》。

尽一切努力已经取得了建设标准，熟悉地面， 到目前，它在一个很容易理解和实用的形式。不过，受此事是由自然非常详细，这是第一次，一些这些概念已正式阐述。因此，一些新的术语需要解释的新概念。所有这些条款解释内文的标准，并收集在一个词汇， 许多说明，通过图表，以及。 由于范围的事由和潜在影响一个组织，用户可能会发现，超越了单一的读的标准提高了他们的理解opm3 。

People make friends with nature

Once upon a time , people didn’t kown the nature is important for us. We thought plants and animals is less important than people . But this answer is wrong . We did many wrong things for the other living things .For example , in 1850 ,millions of Pesserger Pigeon live in the USA. Every year, When the Pigeon flew north to spend the summer in Canada ,peopleKilled them quckily . At the end ,The Pigeon were nearly none left . The last Pesserger Pigeon in the world died in a zoo in 1914. Why did Pigeons die in this nature ?Because people killed them , people thought the animals died that they had meat to eat and skins to make a closeth .If the Pigeon live in nature ,I think people can make some medicine ,send a letter of the Pigeons. So all living things in this nature have their’s advantages .Befor we do anythings , we must think ice .

Today , We learn more about other living things . We know the plant and animal is useful for us.Such as the plants ,it has many advantages. Some plants for us can help me do somethings .We use wood and bamboo to build houses , We use other plants for food ,others to make clothes and others for medicine . If all the green plants die , Earth will bae a very different place .The air will change and neither animals nor people will be able to live in that air .People must look after green plants ,we can do little things ,we can put garbage in the midden .we don’t paly in the grass,we don’t make the air dirty .Although we are little child , we are able to make the city clean . Because Guangzhou is my home ,clean is our duty.

Most of people like keeping pets . We know some pets is people’s helper Like dog ,it can tell to people what things will happen . On 26th ,December,2004, the India ocean had a big sea ,many peole had dead in that trageby . But one child very lucky. He had one clever dog , when the trageby began , the dog help the boy to climb the mountain ,the dog ate the boy’s clothes ,ran quckily to the tall place .At last ,the boy maked friends with his dog , the boy very happy . Ha said to people : anilmals is people ‘s good friends .We don't kill them, Because it’s one of the important living things in the world .

People think , when we make friends whit animals , we will have a good time ,animal is a very kind things in the world .We don’t killed them , If we kill them , that is bad for ourselves .So today we must think ,how to make friends with other living things . This answer is very eary . I think if eveyone do a liitle things for the living things , do anythings thinks ice ,hand in hand to make a beautiful world.

Secondly, the earthquake, if we respect the nature, we can get the harmonious surroundings, If we donot respect the nature, like the typhoon. Firstly, we live on the condition that we can not leave the nature, the tsunami and so on. Fainlly. We can reduce the unecessary natural calamities.Sum up, I think that people and environment should be in harmony as an anic whole.会不会不太符合初一， it will revenge our people by the natural calamities.In my opinion, we should love and repect the nature like our families and home. There is no other place can contain us except the nature in the Earth, the water, the oxygen and the landPeople and natureMore and more people want to separate the people from the nature, they think that we can live without the nature. So they destory the nature, including the forest and the river. They built so many buildings in the surface of the Earth. Don't respect the ecological banlance

要交代明白。

无论记人记事，还是写景状物，一般都要交代明白时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。

否则文章就不完整。

第二，线索清楚。

虽然观察的角度、记述的方式可以不同，但每一篇文章都应当有一条关联材料、统贯全篇的中心线索，否则文章就会松散。

第三，人称要一致。

无论用第一人称“我”记述，还是用第三人称“他”记述，都要通篇一贯。

第四，要有条理。

一篇好的论文，最重要的就是条理。

乱七八糟的文章，就算是字字珠玑、妙语连珠也不受青睐。

I sometimes stare at the sky and wonder why we have made such a mess of things. I wonder how we can tear up the seas and use up the trees all in the name of progress. It is such a tragedy that we are damaging things so fast and they will soon be way beyond repair.It is very sad to think future generations will not have the natural things to enjoy as we have had, and that they will be paupers when it es to the offerings of the natural world.But, preserving nature is one thing ... appreciating it is quite another. There is so very much beauty all around us to see, touch, and hear. Nature is so miraculous because it is always changing. No matter how many times you look at something, it is always different.Nature can set a sky aflame at sunset or magically transform a familiar landscape into a snow-white wonderland. It can paint a rainbow in the sky, paint beautiful autumn colors on trees, or paint a clump of daffodils in the grass with glow of soft sunlight.Nature can bring a lot of beauty into our lives. Nature has a way of affecting our moods and it can force us to change our plans. Nature is responsible for the sun, clouds, rain, and snow. When it is sunny and bright outside, we feel cheerful inside. When it is cloudy and rainy, we often feel gloomy. When there is a beautiful and starry night, the moonlight makes us feel romantic.When we see the leaves budding on a tree or when a timid flower pushes through the frozen ground, or when we *** ell the freshness of spring, new hope will always e to us. Nature is truly an intrinsic part of our lives.When we wake and see a sunrise, when we walk and feel a breeze, when we gaze at the mountains and the splendor of the seas, when we see the earth renew its beauty at each season of the year, and when the stars shine at night, we should be so very thankful to the Lord for giving us all these wonderful and miraculous things. Learning to bee more aware of nature can truly have a good effect on our lives in the way we look at things and in the way we feel about ourselves.It is with much love that I dedicate these pages to a very special and wonderful person, Ginny Ellis. If it hadn't been for her, these pages would not be possible. I truly appreciate every beautiful poem that she has ever written. I thank you from the bottom of my heart, Ginny, for bringing so much beauty into the world.I would now like to share with you some of Ginny's and other poets verses and other things that capture Nature's moods and majesty. They may evoke some memories and dreams I do hope you will find something that you will enjoy.Some of the authors are unknown but if you know the correct source of items listed, I will appreciate hearing from you so corrections can be made and proper credit given.够了吧，好像有点长

his is a nature park. it's beautiful. the sky is blue and the air is fresh. look! the elephants are drinking water near the river. there are many animals in it. the kangaroos are leaping over the river. wow! the monkey is swinging. there are o birds in the tree. they are singing. i see o pretty bears. one is snoring on the stone. it has a sweet dream. the other is playing on the grass.how happy they are! his is a nature park. it's beautiful. There are woods around it.There are also many kinds of flowers, some are red, some are yellow and others are blue...

stantly caused by the destruction of the environment.First of all, the human huge unbridled deforestation and forest to decrease, which causes a lot of natural problems, such as soil erosion, desertification, dust storms... Human beings should protect the forest environment, thus preventing many natural disasters.Second, with thedevelopment of industry, to a large number of harmful gas emissions, lead to air quality drop, global warming, the atmosphere loophole, even causes acid rain. Human beings should be to prevent the harmful gas disorderly emissions, protection of air.In natural disasters, beforehuman always appears to be very *** all. So I think that human beings should protect the natural environment, so as to reduce the occurrence of natural disasters. At the same time also to improve human natur

Everyone can do something for our environment.Nowadays,our school students prepare to hold an english show about protecting the environment.But do you know how can we protect the environment?First,we can use less electric.For example,we can turn off all the lights when there are none in the classroom.Using less electricis a good wayto prevent the pollution.Second,we also can protect the forest.The forest can bring more free air.Then we can have fresh air and healthy body.Also, we can use both sides of paper.Wasting is a bad thing,we should remember.And we can use fewer paper cups and disposable chopsticks.They are not only hit the trees,but also hit persons.Now,let us save the environment!We can do!

1. 做研究之前，必须想清楚：结果能不能发表？发表在哪里？ 2. 先把文章大框写好，空出数据，等做完实验填完空就可以发了；正所谓心中有沟壑！ 3. 在未搞清“写什么、发哪里、自己研究与同类研究有何出色之处”之前，就不要动手做！ 4. 继续去看文献，去想；想不清楚就做还不如不做！ 5. 要想这样做，就得先看文献！要知道如何把文章架起来、要知道别人是如何讨论的、要知道自己的数据是不是说明了与别人不同的东东或别人没有做过……这个过程就是阅读文献及思考的过程，这些搞清楚了，写就简单了！ 6. 要是先做事，做完发现别人做过，或无法用理论来解释，岂不是冤大头？

下面谈一下投稿的基本过程，特别是与Cell、Nature、Science、PNAS等影响因子比较高的杂志有关的一些技术性问题，也许可以打破其神秘感。

其实这些杂志的主编，编辑们都经常在介绍其政策，评审标准，过程，等等。

他们也经常来中国访问。

今天我来代替他们介绍一下。

一个系列杂志叫Cell、Neuron、Immunity…..等等，原来都是从Cell分出来的。

这个杂志的基本特点是它有一个非常强的编委Editorial Board。

怎样的人可以当编委呢？他们往往是有名的科学家，而且也愿意并能够非常快地对投稿做出评估。

这些科学家也经常被选来做评审reviewer。

大家都知道每篇文章送到杂志社后，都要请该领域的2-3专家看，并匿名写出评审意见给作者。

你不知道是谁写的，但这些专家会给你提出批评，哪些地方不好，哪些地方需要进一步做实验，怎么样做，这就叫杂志评审。

Cell、Neuron、Immunity等这些杂志的评审不少就是编委做的。

因为现在杂志竞争的重要因素是发表要快，而做编委的专家能很快写出评审意见来。

还有一个特点，Cell等杂志主编，编辑有非常大的权利，他们甚至可以象追星族那样去追科学家，去参加各种各样的科学会议，当看到你有非常重要的最新成果，他们会去竞争，会问你，你的文章写出来了没有，我保证给你多少时间发表，等等。

另一个系列是Nature衍生出来的，这些杂志的特点是没有一个编委，但有一个评审专家库， 也就是说谁来评审，不是乱选的。

这些杂志主编，编辑也有相当大的权利。

这些是什么人呢？他们一般是读完博士，然后到非常好的实验室做博士后，这些人也许自己没有做出什么特别重大的贡献，没有什么好的文章，但他们欣赏能力特别好，文笔非常好，写得又快。

你可不要小看他们，虽然自己没有做出什么伟大的工作来，但他们的思想水平学术水平都相当不错，看得多，写得快，Nature、Science的编辑大同小异，都是这样一批年纪不大的人，很活跃，经常参加各种各样的会议和活动。

Science杂志的编辑权利相对小些，因为他们还有一个编委会editorial board，有相当大的权利。

一般过程是，当你的文章送到Science杂志社后，编辑先做一个初审，看一下是不是基本够格，然后他还要把文章的摘要Abstract送到编委会的某一个人那里，认可以后，才可以拿出去评审。

两道关卡，大部分文章一下子就这样被砍掉了。

PNAS杂志是美国科学院院刊，文章有好有坏，院士自己投稿就不需要经过评审，叫做contribute。

院士原来一年可以五篇，后来减到四篇、三篇，就是院士自己写的文章，只要你投就给你发表，不需要经过评审，相信你是院士，投科学论文应该有责任心的。

第二种叫做Communicate，不是院士自己的文章，是你的文章，院士觉得你的文章不错，他来给你通讯，投到PNAS杂志，这文章要评审，但是评审专家由院士自己来选。

所以这个也不怎么样。

还有一种叫Track C，就象一般杂志，你只要投过去，然后编辑部来给你选一个院士， 由他来找评审专家，相对来说，这比较客观些，所以Track C的文章质量就相对好一些。

我不是说院士的文章都很差，但院士有特权，可以把在其他杂志发不出去的文章，投到PNAS上去，所以在PNAS上有很多不怎么样的文章。

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