电气自动化毕业论文外文资料翻译

论文中英对照，可能有错误，但应该不会很多。概述： Overview: 电气工程及其自动化的触角伸向各行各业，小到一个开关的设计，大到宇航飞机的研究，都有它的身影。 Electrical Engineering and Automation tentacles all walks of life, small to a switch designed to study aerospace aircraft, has its shadow. 本专业生能够从事与电气工程有关的系统运行、自动控制、电力电子技术、信息处理、试验技术、研制开发、经济管理以及电子与计算机技术应用等领域的工作，是宽口径“复合型”高级工程技术人才。 Health professionals can be engaged in the electrical engineering and operation of the system, automatic control, power electronics technology, information processing, testing technology, research and development, economic management, and electronic and computer technology applications in areas such as the work is宽口径"compound" High engineering and technical personnel. 该领域对高水平人才的需求很大。 High-level talents in the field of high demand. 据估计，随着国外大企业的进入，在这一专业领域将出现很大缺口，那时很可能出现人才供不应求的现象。 It is estimated that with the entry of large foreign enterprises in the fields of expertise will be a big gap, then there is likely to personnel shortage. 一、专业综合介绍 First, a synthesis of professional 电气工程及其自动化专业是电气信息领域的一门新兴学科，但由于和人们的日常生活以及工业生产密切相关，发展非常迅速，现在也相对比较成熟。 Electrical Engineering and Automation of electrical information professional is an emerging field of science, but because of people's daily lives and industrial production is closely related to the extraordinarily rapid development of relatively more mature now. 已经成为高新技术产业的重要组成部分，广泛应用于工业、农业、国防等领域，在国民经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用。 High-tech industry has become an important component of the widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense and other fields, in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role. 控制理论和电力网理论是电气工程及自动化专业的基础，电力电子技术、计算机技术则为其主要技术手段，同时也包含了系统分析、系统设计、系统开发以及系统管理与决策等研究领域。 Control theory and electrical network theory is a professional electrical engineering and automation of the base, power electronics technology, computer technology is its main technical means, but also includes a system analysis, system design, system development and system management and decision-making research. 该专业还有一些特点，就是强弱电结合、电工电子技术相结合、软件与硬件相结合，具有交叉学科的性质，电力、电子、控制、计算机多学科综合，使毕业生具有较强的适应能力，是“宽口径”专业。 There are some characteristics of the profession, that is, combining the strength of power, electrical and electronic technology, software and hardware combined with a cross-disciplinary nature, electricity, electronics, control, computer integrated multi-disciplinary, so that graduates with strong adaptation capacity, is "宽口径" professional. 电气工程及其自动化专业对广大考生有很强的吸引力，属于热门专业，高考录取分数线往往要比其他专业方向高许多，造成这一情况的主要原因有：①就业容易，工作环境好，收入高；②名称好听，专业内容对学生有吸引力； 社会宣传和舆论导向对其有利。 Electrical Engineering and Automation of the majority of candidates have a strong appeal, are popular professional, college entrance examination admission than is often high in many other professional direction, resulting in the situation of the main reasons: ① job easier, a good working environment, income high; ② the name of good, professional content attractive to students; social advocacy and public opinion in his favor. 该专业方向有着非常好的发展前景，研究成果较容易向现实产品转换，而且效益相当可观。 The direction of the profession has a very good development prospects, research products more easily converted to reality, and considerable benefits. 他创造性的研究思路吸引着众多考生，这里的确是展示他们才能的好地方。 His research and creative ideas to attract a large number of candidates, where they can really show a good place. 但是鉴于国内现在的形式，考生在报考该专业的时候应该注意以下两点： However, in view of the domestic form of the present candidates in time to apply the profession should pay attention to the following two points: (1)充分考虑自己的兴趣。 (1) give full consideration to their interests. 也许自己本来并不对该方向感兴趣，但是许多人都说好，于是自己就“感兴趣”了。 Perhaps their interest was not the direction, but many people say that good, so they are "interested in" the. 这对以后的发展是很不利的，毕竟兴趣是最好的老师。 This future development is very negative, after all, interested in is the best teacher. (2)衡量自己的综合素质。 (2) to measure the overall quality of their own. 电气工程及自动化专业需要具有扎实的数学、物理基础，较强的外语综合能力，为今后能够掌握并且灵活运用专业知识做准备。 Electrical engineering and automation with a solid professional needs of mathematics, physics basis for a strong comprehensive foreign language capabilities, for future flexibility in the use of and access to expertise to prepare. 该专业方向的人才需求虽然大，但可供选择的人也很多，如果没有非常强的综合素质，很难在众人之中脱颖而出，取得突出成绩。 The demand for professional talent while the direction, but to choose a lot of people, if there is no overall quality is very strong, it is difficult to stand out among the people, have achieved outstanding results. 也许这对许多胸怀远大志向的考生来说是不能接受的。 This may cherish lofty aspirations of many of the candidates is unacceptable. 当然，这里所说的两点是否可行也和学生个人的追求有关，如果一个人追求仅限于一份较好的工作，该专业的确是一个不错的选择。 Of course, the two points mentioned here and also the feasibility of the pursuit of individual students, and if a person is limited to the pursuit of a better work, the profession is indeed a good choice. 但是，如果想在科技创新方面做出突破性的贡献还是要建立在个人实力以及刻苦努力的基础上，馅饼是决不会无缘无故从天上掉下来的。 However, if you want to make a breakthrough in scientific and technological innovation or contribution to the establishment of personal strength and hard work on the basis of the pie for no reason at all will not come knocking on the door. 由于本专业研究范围广，应用前景好，毕业生的专业素养相对较高，因此就业形势非常好。 Because of this wide range of professional research, applications, and professional graduates is relatively high, so the employment situation is very good. 我国现在非常需要该专业方向的人才，小到一个家庭，大到整个社会，都离不开这些专业人才的工作。 Our country is now a great need for the direction of the professional personnel, as small as a family as large as the whole community can not be separated from the work of these professionals. 通常情况下，学生毕业后可以选择国有的质量技术监督部门、研究所、工矿企业等；也可以是一些外资、私营企业，待遇当然是相当可观的。 Under normal circumstances, students can choose the state after graduating from the quality and technology supervision department, research institutes, industrial and mining enterprises, etc.; also can be a number of foreign investment, the private sector, the treatment is considerable. 如果学生能力足够强，又在学习期间积累了比较好的研究成果，完全可以自己创业，闯出一片属于自己的天空。 If enough students, and also in the learning accumulated during the relatively good results, can be our own business, break a piece of the sky belongs to them. 需要指出的是，由于国外在该专业方向的研究要领先于我们，因此如果想要有进一步的发展，确立自己在国内该方向的领先地位，出国深造是一个不错的选择。 It should be noted that as a result of foreign professionals in the direction of research should lead us, so if you want to have further development, and identify their roles in the domestic leading position in that direction, go abroad for further study is a good choice. 电气工程及其自动化专业代码：080601。 Electrical Engineering and Automation code: 080601. 二、专业教育发展状况 Second, the development of professional education 电气工程与自动化专业是理、工、文相结合，融机械工程、艺术学和计算机设计于一体的新型交叉学科专业之一。 Electrical Engineering and Automation is the science, engineering, the combination of financial engineering, art and computer design in one of the new cross-disciplinary professionals. 主干学科包括电子工程、计算机科学与技术、控制科学与工程。 Backbone of disciplines, including electrical engineering, computer science and technology, control science and engineering. 本专业产生于70年代，首先在英国的牛津大学，首次实现的是直流电的控制方式，那时候执行元件的驱动电压是直流的，控制电压也是直流的，自动化系统的工作方式是很简单、粗糙的，精度也很低。 Resulting in 70 of the professional era, first of all, the Oxford University in England, the first time that the DC control, then the implementation of components of the drive voltage is a DC control voltage is DC, the automation system is very simple, rough accuracy is very low. 但直流的控制方式由于其历史的久远而被人们所熟知，自然而然的人们想到了用直流电去控制交流执行元件。 However, the control of DC because of its long history has been well-known people, people naturally think of using the DC component to control the exchange of implementation. 随着晶体管、大功率晶体管、场效应管等大功率的电子器件的出现和成熟、以及建立在场的理论上、以现代数学、矩阵代数为理论依据的弱电强电控制系统更使电子技术与自动化达到新的历史高度。 With the transistor, high-power transistors, FET high-power electronic devices, such as the emergence and maturity, as well as the establishment of the presence of the theory, modern mathematics, matrix algebra of the weak theoretical basis for the strong electrical control system of electronic technology and automation to reach a new historical high. 至此，本专业得到了广泛的发展，日本、美国、英国及其他国家的大学也纷纷设立了本专业，在这一时期的成果也并不少，诸如完成数控机床，车间厂房自动控制的工作已经是新的课题。 So far, this has been a wide range of professional development, Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries have also established the University of the professional, the results during this period and also quite a few, such as the completion of CNC machine tools, factory automation work shop is a new topic. 电子技术与自动化、计算机的有机结合，赋予电子工程及自动化专业以全新的内涵。 Electronic technology and automation, the organic integration of computer, electronic engineering and automation to give a new meaning of professional. 无人操纵，系统简化，格局合理，即插即用型的产品成为新宠。 No manipulation, the system simplified, reasonable structure, plug-and-play products to become the new darling. 建国初期（1949—1966）我国许多大学设立了本专业，主要实践性教学环节包括电路与电子技术实验、电子工艺实习、金工实习课程设计、生产实习、毕业设计，并为国家培养了许多的这方面人才。 The founding of the early (1949-1966) established in many universities in this profession, the main practice teaching links include the experimental circuit and electronics technology, electronics technology training, curriculum design metalworking practice, production internships, graduate, and the culture of many countries in this fields. 他们已成为本行业的专家学者，分布在我国许多省、市，成为骨干力量。 They have become the industry experts and scholars in China's many provinces, cities and become the backbone of. “文革”期间，由于受政治的影响，全国的高等院校相继停止招生，本专业受到了很大的影响，先是老师被批斗，后来学校根本办不下去了，只能停止招生。 "Cultural Revolution" period, because of political influence, the country's institutions of higher learning have to stop recruitment, the professional has been a great impact, first teacher was criticized and denounced, and later run schools do not go on, only to stop enrollment. 但是，即便如此，许多老师并没有停止研究。 But even so, many teachers did not stop the research. 他们知道电子工程及自动化对我国的现代化建设起重要的作用，因而，在这一时期，并没有放弃对专业的研究和探索。 They know that in electrical engineering and automation of the modernization of China's important role to play, which, in this period, and did not give up on the professional research and exploration. 改革开放以后，在党中央的正确领导下，大学恢复了招生，本专业也发展起来，许多大学设立了本专业，并陆续招生，每年为国家培养大量的高级复合型人才，包括学士、博士等高级知识分子，特别是目前，各专业扩招，本专业的招生量也在上升。 After reform and opening-up in under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the University Admissions restored, the profession has developed, many universities set up a professional, and have students trained each year a large number of high-level compound talents, including the degree, Dr. intellectuals, especially, expansion of the professional, the professional capacity of students is also rising. 虽然我国在这方面的发展还没有站在世界的最前沿，但随着我国综合国力的提高，对外交往的增加，我们已经逐渐缩小与发达国家的差距。 Although China's development in this area is also not on the side of the world's most cutting-edge, but with the improvement of China's overall national strength, the increase in foreign exchanges, we have gradually narrowed the gap with the developed countries. 具有代表性的是：每秒3000亿次计算机研制成功；纳米技术的掌握；模拟技术的应用。 Representative is: 300 billion times per second, the successful development of a computer; nano-technology to master; simulation technology. 一个不容忽视的问题摆在我们面前：如何迎接新技术革命的挑战？ A problem that can not be ignored before us: how to meet the challenges of the new technological revolution? 经过本专业的老师和同学的共同努力，把电子工程及自动化专业拓展开来，分为“电力系统及其自动化”和“电子信息工程”，涵盖原有“绝缘技术”、“电气绝缘与电缆”、“电机电器及其控制”、“电气工程及其自动化”、“应用电子技术”和“光源与照明”等几个专业方向。 After the professional efforts of teachers and students to electrical engineering and automation professions open to expand into, "Power System and Automation" and "Electronic and Information Engineering", covering the original "insulation technology", "Electrical Insulation and cable "," Electric Motor and Control "," Electrical Engineering and Automation, "" the application of electronic technology "and" light and lighting, "and several other professional direction. 设有“高电压与绝缘技术”、“电机与电器”、“电力电子与电力传动”和“电工理论与新技术”、“高电压与绝缘技术”博士学位方向。 With "High Voltage and Insulation Technology", "Electric Machines and Electric", "Power Electronics and Electric Power Transmission" and "electrical theory and new technology", "High Voltage and Insulation Technology" doctorate direction. 并以工业产品设计为基础，应用计算机造型、设计、实现工业产品的结构、性能、加工、外形等的设计和优化。 And the design of industrial products based on the application of computer modeling, design, realization of the structure of industrial products, performance, processing, shape and other design and optimization. 该专业培养适应社会急需的，既有扎实科学技术基础又有艺术创新能力的高级复合型技术人才。 The professional training needed to adapt to society, both based on solid scientific and technological innovation capability and high-level art composite technology. 本专业着重培养学生外语、计算机应用、产品造型、设计等实际工作能力，实现平面设计、立体设计等产品设计的全面智能化。 Focus on the professional training of students in foreign languages, computer applications, product modeling, design of practical work, such as the ability to achieve graphic design, three-dimensional design, product design, intelligent all-round. 该专业毕业生可从事工业产品造型设计、计算机应用、视觉传达设计、环境设计、广告创意、企业形象策划等行业的教学、科研、生产、开发和管理工作。 The graduates can be engaged in industrial product design, computer applications, visual communication design, environmental design, advertising creative, corporate image planning, such as industry, teaching, scientific research, production, development and management. 囊括了电路原理、电子技术基础、电机学、电力电子技术、电力拖动与控制、计算机技术（语言、软件基础、硬件基础、单片机等）、信号与系统、控制理论等课程。 Include circuit theory, electronic and technological base, and electric machinery, power electronics, electric drive and control, computer technology (languages, software infrastructure, hardware, microcontroller, etc.), signals and systems, control theory and so on. 高年级还根据社会需要学习柔性的、适应性强、覆盖面宽的专业课及专业选修课。 High-grade based on the needs of the community to learn flexibility, adaptability, wide coverage of elective courses and professional. 同时也进行电机与控制实验、电子工程系统实验、电力电子实验等。 At the same time also the experimental and control the electrical and electronic engineering experiments, such as power electronics experiments. 一直以来，我国在CIMS，自动控制，机器人产品，专用集成电路等等方面有了长足的进步。 All along, our CIMS, automatic control, robotics products, application specific integrated circuit and so on has made substantial progress. 例如：“基于微机环境的集成化CAPP应用框架与开发平台”开发了以工艺知识库为核心的、以交互式设计模式为基础的综合智能化CAPP开发平台与应用框架（CAPPFramework），推出金叶CAPP、同方CAPP等系列产品。 For example: "Computer-based integrated environment CAPP application framework and development platform" to develop a knowledge base as the core technology to interactive design based on the model of the integrated intelligent CAPP development platform and application framework (CAPPFramework), the introduction of Golden CAPP, with CAPP and other side products. 具有支持工艺知识建模和动态知识获取、各类工艺的设计与信息管理、产品工艺信息共享、支持特征基创成工艺决策等功能，并提供工艺知识库管理、工艺卡片格式定义等应用支持工具和二次开发工具。 With the support process modeling and dynamic knowledge of knowledge acquisition, the design of various types of technology and information management, product process information sharing in support of the characteristics of generative process-based decision-making functions, and provide technology Knowledge management, technology applications such as card format support of the definition of tools and secondary tools. 系统开放性好，易于扩充和维护。 System openness, and easy expansion and maintenance. 产品已在全国的企业，特别是CIMS示范工程企业，推广应用，还研制了自动控制装置及系列产品，红外光电式安全保护装置，大功率、高品质开关电源的开发。 Products have been in the country's enterprises, especially enterprises CIMS demonstration project to promote the application, as well as the development of the automatic control devices and products, infrared photoelectric safety protection device, high power, high-quality switching power supply development. 机器人产品包括移动龙门式自动喷涂机，电动喷涂机器人，柔性仿形自动喷涂机，往复式喷涂机，自动涂胶机器人，框架式机器人，搬运机器人，弧焊机器人的研制。 Products include mobile gantry robot automatic spraying machine, electric spraying robot, flexible profiling automatic spraying machine, reciprocating spray machines, automatic coating robots, robot frame, handling robots, welding robot. 以上这些产品的开发应用还只是电子工程与自动化在生产中的一个侧面，不足以反映其全貌。 Over the development and application of these products are only in electrical engineering and automation in the production of one aspect does not adequately reflect the full picture. 在国外先进技术的冲击下，从各个方面进行新一轮技术重组。 In the impact of foreign advanced technology from all aspects of the reorganization of a new round of technology. 形势是严峻的，同时也充满机遇。 The situation is serious, but also full of opportunities.

（最好）不要某宝，不要个人，一定要选一个正规的润色机构——服务有保障，有售后，北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 终身满意。

外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。翻译要求：1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。 原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。扩展资料：外文翻译需要注意的问题1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。 7、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

我是电气自动化的，有专业英语！这个给你看看希望能帮到你！电力和电路的来源One of them is the electric cell, or battery, which generates electricity by chemical action. The other device called generator makes use of light, heat, and mechanical motion to produce electric energy. Now, more than 95 percent of the world's electric energy is produced by generators其中之一是由化学作用产生电力的电池的电的单元格。调用生成器使其他设备使用的光、 热和机械的运动来产生电能。现在，世界电力能源的 95%以上是由发电机产生的An electric current is a constant flow of electrons through a conductor. The reason why an electric current flows through conductors is much like reason why water flows through mains. 源源不断地通过导体电子的电流。为什么电流流经导线的原因很多像为什么水流通过水管的原因。智能机器人An entirely new phase in robotic applications has been opened with the development of “intelligent robots”. An intelligent robot is basically one that must be capable of sensing its surroundings and possess intelligence enough to respond to a changing environment in much the same way as we do. Such an ability requires the direct application of sensory perception and artificial intelligence. Much of research in robotics has been and is still concerned with how to equip robots with visual sensors-eyes and tactile sensors-the “fingers”. Artificial intelligence will enable the robot to respond to and adapt to changes in its tasks and in its environment, and to reason and make decisions in reaction to those changes.一个全新的阶段，在机器人的应用程序中已打开的"智能机器人"发展。一个智能机器人基本上是一种必须能够感知周围的环境并拥有足够的智能响应不断变化的环境一样，我们做的。这种能力需要感官知觉与人工智能技术直接的应用。多机器人的研究一直，仍然关注如何使机器人视觉传感器眼睛和触觉传感器在"手指"。人工智能技术将使机器人响应和适应其任务和它的环境变化的原因和反应对这些变化做出的决定。Integrated circuit集成电路The invention of IC is a great revolution in the electronic industry. Sharp size, weight reductions are possible with these techniques; and more importantly, high reliability, excellent functional performance, now cost and low power dissipation can be achieved. ICs are widely used in electronic industry.集成电路的发明是大革命在电子工业中。锋利的大小重量减少有可能与这些技术 ；和更重要的是现在成本的优良性能的高可靠性和可以实现低功耗。集成电路 广泛应用于电子行业。The electrically interconnected components that make up an IC are called integrated elements. If an integrated circuit includes only one type of components, such as only diodes or resistors, it is said to be an assembly or set of components.芯片组成的电互连的组件称为集成的元素。如果一个集成电路包含一种类型如仅二极管或电阻的组件的据说是一个程序集或一组组件。Digital integrated circuit can contain anything form a few thousand to millions of logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and other circuits in a few square millimeters. These digital ICs, typically microprocessors, digital signal processing, and micro controllers work using binary mathematics to process “one” and “zero” signals.数字集成电路可以包含任何内容形成数千数以百万计的逻辑门、 触发器、 多路复用器和其他线路的几个平方毫米。这些数字集成电路、 通常微处理器、 数字信号处理和微控制器工作使用二进制的数学处理"1"和"零"的信号。SIM Card Want to use your GSM service in the United States? Bring along this tiny piece of you’re traveling to the United States, be sure to take your SIM card with you. Because your GSM service can work in the . just like it dose at you have to do is to rent the right frequency handset for use in the States. (If you don't have your SIM card with you, relax. We'll provide a handset with the SIM card included.)As in other countries, you'll find using GSM in the . is often less expensive than calling cards, pay phones and hotel phones. And, of course, far more convenientAll you have to do to enjoy GSM convenience is call one of the numbers listed below. We'll provide the handset to rent within 24 hours, or, in some cities, the very same rent a handset call:In France 0800 508 968In Italy 0800 790948In In 1877 OMNI-2-GOAll other countries +44 SIM 卡要使用您的 GSM 服务在美国吗？携带此小件行李。如果您正在前往美国，一定要带上您的 SIM 卡。因为您的 GSM 服务可以像工作在美国它剂量在家里。你要做的是租住在美国使用合适的频率手机。（如果您不具有您的 SIM 卡，放松。我们会提供一个手机 SIM 卡包括。)在其他的国家一样，你会发现使用 GSM 在美国通常是少比电话卡、 电话和酒店电话。的课程，更方便你要享受 GSM 方便做的只是调用下面列出的数字之一。我们会提供租 24 小时，或在一些的城市非常同一天手机。租手机的调用：在法国 0800年 508 968在意大利 0800年 790948在英国 0800年 328 5396在美国 1877年转到 2-OMNI所有其他国家 + 44 Computer Control TechnologyA computer is a fast and accurate symbol manipulating system that is organized to accept, store ,and process data and produce output results under the direction of stored program of instructions. This section explains why a computer is a system and how a computer system is organized. Key elements in a computer system include input, processing, and output devices. Let's examine each computer of the more detail.计算机是一种快速而又准确的操纵系统，为了接受、 存储，和处理的数据并产生输出结果存储程序的指导下的指令的快速、 准确的符号。此部分说明为什么一台计算机是一个系统和计算机系统的组织方式。计算机系统中的关键元素包括输入、 处理，和输出设备。让我们看一下每台计算机的更多详细信息。Central Processing Unit the heart of any computer system is the central processing unit (CPU). There is three main sections found in the CPU of a typical personal computer system: the primary storage section, the arithmetic-logic section, and the control section. Bit these three sections aren’t unique to personal computers. They are found in CPUs of all sizes.中央处理器是任何计算机系统的核心是中央处理单元 (CPU)。有三个主要部分，在典型的个人计算机系统的 CPU 中找到： 主存储部分、 算术逻辑部分和控制部分。位这三个部分不是唯一的个人计算机。他们有各种规模的CPU。Output Devices Like input units, output devices are instruments of interpretation and communication between humans and computer systems of all sizes. These devices take output results from the CPU in machine-coded form and convert them into a form that can be used (a) by people (., a printed and/or displayed report) or (b) as machine input in another processing cycle.输出设备 如同输入设备，输出设备是文书的解释和人与各种规模的计算机系统之间的 通信 。这些设备从CPU的输出结果以机编码的窗体，并将它们转换为一个窗体，可以在另一个处理周期中使用(a)的(例如，印刷和/或显示报告)，或(b作为输入机。In personal computer systems, display screen and desktop printers are popular output devices. Larger and faster printers, many online workstations, and magnetic tape drives are commonly found in larger systems.在个人计算机显示屏幕和桌面打印机是受欢迎的输出设备。更大、 更快的打印机、 很多的在线工作站和磁带驱动器通常有较大的系统。The operating system must ensure correct operation of the computer system. To prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system, the hardware was modified to create two modes： user mode and monitor mode. Various instructions (such as I/O instructions and halt instructions) are privileged and can only be execute in monitor mode. The memory in which the monitor resides must also be protected from modification by the user. A timer prevents infinite loops. Once these changes (dual mode, privileged instructions, memory protection, timer interrupt) have been made to the basic computer architecture, it is possible to write a correct operating system.操作系统必须确保计算机系统的正确操作。防止在干扰系统的正确操作用户程序修改硬件创建两种模式： 用户模式和显示器模式。（例如，I/O 指令和停止指令） 的各项说明享有特权，并且只能在显示器模式下执行。显示器所驻留的内存也必须由用户修改保护。计时器可防止无限循环。一旦到基本的计算机体系结构做了这些更改 （双模式、 特权的指令、 内存保护、 计时器中断)，就可以编写正确的操作系统。Completes with the digital signal to the digital quantity carries on the arithmetic operation and the logic operation circuit is called the digital circuit, or number system. Because it has the logic operation and the logical processing function, therefore calls the numeral logic circuit.完成与数字信号，数字的数量进行算术运算和逻辑操作电路被称为数字电路或数字系统。因为它有逻辑操作和逻辑处理功能，因此呼吁数字逻辑电路。Karnaugh Map consists of one square for each possible minterm in a function. The method to write the Karnaugh Map: When we plot a function, we put a 1 in each square corresponding to a minterm that is included in the function, and put a 0 in or leave blank those squares not included in the function.卡诺图包含每个可能的最小项函数中的一方。写入卡诺图的方法：当我们绘制一个函数时，我们放在一个最小项的函数中包含的每个平方米对应的 1 和放一个0或保留为空函数中不包括这些方块。Industrial robot 工业机器人Binary 二进制Semiconductor 半导体Instruction 指令Spot welding 点焊Anode 阳极Counter 计数器Bipolar transistor 双极晶体管Switch 交换机Amplifier 放大器Microprocessor 微处理器Microcontroller 微控制器Digital Logic Circuits 数字逻辑电路Off-line 离线Memory 内存Register 注册Mother board 母板On-line 在线Counter 计数器CPU 中央处理器Cathode 阴极Software 软件Low cost 低成本Programming 编程Electronic Octal 电子八Multimeter 万用表Integrated circuit 集成电路Hard ware 五金Resistor 电阻Diode 二极管