General information: All 33 cases of patients with brain metastases in 23 cases of men, 10 women, aged 38-76 years of age distribution, median age 54 years old, KPS score at 40-90. 原发灶均经病理证实,来源于肺癌者共计26例,乳腺癌3例,鼻咽癌2例,甲状腺癌、肾癌各1例。 Primary tumor were confirmed by pathology, who comes from a total of 26 cases of lung cancer, breast cancer 3, 2 cases of nasopharyngeal cancer, thyroid cancer, renal cell carcinoma 1 case. 所有转移灶经头颅CT或MRI确定。 All metastases by CT or MRI to determine the skull. 其中单发转移11例,多发转移22例。 One single transfer of 11 cases, 22 cases of multiple transfer. 合并其他脏器转移15例。 The combined transfer of 15 cases of other organs. 转移灶位于幕上23例、幕下3例、幕上幕下均有7例。 Metastasis at the screen on the 23 cases, 3 cases under the screen, the screen on the next screen are 7 cases. 30例曾接受过颅外病变的治疗。 30 cases have received the treatment of extracranial 临床表现:有神经症状和体征者32例,无神经症状和体征者1例。 clinical manifestations: there are nerve symptoms and signs were 32 cases, no neurological symptoms and signs in 1 case. 其中头痛24例,呕吐8例,肢体障碍15例,语言障碍3例。 Among 24 cases of headache, vomiting, 8 cases, 15 cases of physical disabilities, language barriers 3. 同时合并两种以上症状的14例。 At the same time, the merger of two or more symptoms of 14 cases.
回答如下:乳癌,乳腺癌:breast cancer。其中breast的中文意思是:乳房,胸,胸脯,胸部; cancer的中文意思是:癌症,癌,邪恶,毒瘤。常见短语:breast feeding母乳喂养,breast milk 母乳; cancer patient癌症病人,liver cancer肝癌,skin cancer 皮肤癌,blood cancer血癌,lung cancer肺癌。
问题一:乳腺癌早期英文怎么翻译? early breast cancer 问题二:“乳腺癌”用英语怎么说 “乳腺癌” Breast cancer “乳腺癌” Breast cancer 问题三:乳腺癌21基因英文怎么说 breast cancer 21 gene 问题四:由此可见,用英语怎么说 thus it can be seen 问题五:乳腺机的英文翻译 Mammary Machine 乳腺机 乳腺X线机.. X-ray Mammary Machine 医学设备词汇 ... MobileCTsystem移动CT系统 X-ray Mammary Machine乳腺X线机 Mammography乳腺 ... 问题六:突破用英语怎么说? Breakthrough词典1. (打开缺口) break through; make a breakthrough: 突破一点 make a breakthrough at some single point; 癌症研究上的一项重大突破 an important breakthrough in cancer; 突破敌人的防线 break through the enemy's defences; 医学上的突破 a medical breakthrough 2. (打破) surmount; break; top: 突破定额 overfulfil a quota; 突破难关 break the back of a tough job 3. breakout; penetration; runout ◇突破地区 [军事] area of penetration; area breakthrough; 突破点 [军事] breakthrough point; point of penetration; 突破口 [军事] breach; gap; sally port
翻译完了,好多医学专业的词,我承认我也用翻译机了 我重新编辑了下格式: Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the first cause of cancer death among women and its incidence doubled in the last two decades. Several approaches for the treatment of these cancers have been developed. The axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) leads to numerous morbidity complications and is now advantageously replaced by the dissection and the biopsy of the sentinel lymph node. Although this approach has strong advantages, it has its own limitations which are manipulation of radioactive products and possible anaphylactic reactions to the dye. As recently proposed, these limitations could in principle be by-passed if semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots or QDs) were used as fluorescent contrast agents for the in vivo imaging of SLN. QDs are fluorescent nanoparticles with unique optical properties like strong resistance to photobleaching, size dependent emission wavelength, large molar extinction coefficient, and good quantum yield. Methods: CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs emitting around 655 nm were used in our studies. 20 μL of 1 μM (20 pmol) QDs solution were injected subcutaneously in the anterior paw of healthy nude mice and the axillary lymph node (ALN) was identified visually after injection of a blue dye. In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on ALN before the mice were sacrificed at 5, 15, 30, 60 min and 24 h after QDs injection. ALN and all other organs were removed, cryosectioned and observed in fluorescence microscopy. The organs were then chemically made soluble to extract QDs. Plasmatic, urinary and fecal fluorescence levels were measured. Results: QDs were detected in ALN as soon as 5 min and up to 24 h after the injection. The maximum amount of QDs in the ALN was detected 60 min after the injection and corresponds to of the injected dose. Most of the injected QDs remained at the injection site. No QDs were 摘要: 背景:在过去20年乳腺癌是引起女性死亡数量双倍上升的首要因素。有几个可以接近治愈癌症的方法呗研制出来。ALND(具体的太专业,不会翻译)被解剖和哨淋巴腺节点取代。虽然这个方法有很强的优势,但在处理放射性物质和对燃料(等化学物品)引起的过敏反应上也有他的局限性。最近有报道指出,这些限制原则上可绕过如果半导体纳米粒子(量子点或量子点)被用作荧光造影剂的体内成像的前哨淋巴结。量子点的荧光纳米粒子具有独特的光学性质一样抗性强漂白,大小取决于发射波长,摩尔消光系数大,和良好的量子产率。 方法::硒化镉/硫化锌核/壳量子点发光波长在655中使用了我们的研究。 20 μL的1微米( 20 pmol )量子点溶液皮下注射前爪子在裸鼠体内的健康和腋窝淋巴结(阿仑膦酸钠)被确定视觉注射后的蓝染料。活体荧光光谱进行的阿仑膦酸钠在小鼠处死5 , 15 , 30 , 60分钟和后24 h量子点注射。AlN和所有其他机关被拆除, cryosectioned和荧光显微镜观察到。然后作出可溶性化学提取量子点。血浆,尿和粪便荧光水平的变。 结论:量子点检测阿仑膦酸钠尽快5分钟至24小时后注射。最高金额的量子点中的阿仑膦酸钠发现60分钟后,注射相当于 %的注射剂量。大多数注入量子点仍然在注射部位。没有量子点.
指标CK5/6是一种细胞角蛋白,总的讲阳性预后差。P53是检查是否癌变的一个指标,阳性的话,说明有恶变情况,现在是阴性的(-),说明是正常的。Calponin是一种细(略)白,可以结合肌动蛋白、钙调蛋白、肌钙蛋白C和肌球蛋白,参与细胞骨架形成、肌肉收缩和细胞黏附,可能在肿瘤的发生、发展和转移中发挥重要作用。P63 是P53 基因家族的成员,它是肌上皮细胞具有敏感性和特异性的标志物,阳性表达强度与病人的预后成呈负相关,可作为一项独立的预后指标。如何判断乳腺癌免疫组化结果是否正常:1、C-erbB2癌基因:在正常乳腺组织中呈低表达,在乳腺癌组织中表达率可增高,其表达与乳腺癌分级、淋巴结转移和临床分期呈正相关,表达率越高,预后可能也就越差。2、Cerb-B2同时也是Her-2基因表达过程中作用通道,若Cerb-B2检测为(-)或(+),则Her-2基因为无扩增,Cerb-B2(++)则Her-2基因可疑阳性,Cerb-B2(3+)则Her-2基因为扩增状态。3、 P53基因:免疫组化中P53为野生型基因,p53突变率高的乳腺癌细胞增殖活力强、分化差、恶性度高、侵袭性强和淋巴结转移率高。4、 COX-2(cyclooxygenase-2):乳腺癌组织中存在COX-2的表达。COX-2可能是临床评价病人预后、识别术后复发的高危险性病人很有实用价值的指标。
癌的医学缩写是Ca。在英文中cancer代表癌的意思,因此缩写为Ca。例如:医生经常在门诊病历里用乳腺Ca代表乳腺癌,肺Ca代表肺癌。
问题一:乳腺癌早期英文怎么翻译? early breast cancer 问题二:“乳腺癌”用英语怎么说 “乳腺癌” Breast cancer “乳腺癌” Breast cancer 问题三:乳腺癌21基因英文怎么说 breast cancer 21 gene 问题四:由此可见,用英语怎么说 thus it can be seen 问题五:乳腺机的英文翻译 Mammary Machine 乳腺机 乳腺X线机.. X-ray Mammary Machine 医学设备词汇 ... MobileCTsystem移动CT系统 X-ray Mammary Machine乳腺X线机 Mammography乳腺 ... 问题六:突破用英语怎么说? Breakthrough词典1. (打开缺口) break through; make a breakthrough: 突破一点 make a breakthrough at some single point; 癌症研究上的一项重大突破 an important breakthrough in cancer; 突破敌人的防线 break through the enemy's defences; 医学上的突破 a medical breakthrough 2. (打破) surmount; break; top: 突破定额 overfulfil a quota; 突破难关 break the back of a tough job 3. breakout; penetration; runout ◇突破地区 [军事] area of penetration; area breakthrough; 突破点 [军事] breakthrough point; point of penetration; 突破口 [军事] breach; gap; sally port
摘要 背景:乳腺癌是导致癌症的第一次死亡的妇女和其发病率 一倍在过去二十年中。有几个方法,用于治疗这些癌症已被 发达国家。腋窝淋巴结清扫( ALND )导致许多并发症的发病率 现在有利改为清扫和活检前哨淋巴结。 虽然这种方法具有很强的优势,它有自己的限制而操纵 放射性产品和可能过敏反应的染料。至于最近提出的,这些 限制原则上可绕过如果半导体纳米粒子(量子点或量子点) 被用作荧光造影剂的体内成像的前哨淋巴结。量子点的荧光 纳米粒子具有独特的光学性质一样抗性强漂白,大小 发射波长依赖,大型摩尔吸光系数,量子产率和良好的。 方法:硒化镉/硫化锌核/壳量子点发光波长在655中使用了我们的研究。 20 μL的 1微米( 20 pmol )量子点溶液皮下注射的前爪子健康裸鼠 老鼠和腋窝淋巴结(阿仑膦酸钠)被确定视觉注射后的蓝染料。在体内 荧光光谱法进行的阿仑膦酸钠在小鼠处死5 , 15 , 30 , 60 min和24 h后量子点注射。 AlN和所有其他机关被拆除, cryosectioned和 在荧光显微镜观察。各机关,然后作出可溶性化学提取 量子点。血浆,尿和粪便荧光水平的变化。 结果:量子点发现阿仑膦酸钠尽快5分钟至24小时后注射。那个 最高金额的量子点中的阿仑膦酸钠发现60分钟后,注射和对应 %的注射剂量。大多数注入量子点仍然在注射部位。没有量子点是
请给分我,谢谢。来自哈佛医学院的菲力西亚-克驽尔是这篇文章的作者之一。当她在墨西哥的时候被发现患有乳腺癌。她在那里接受了治疗,同时她的治疗经验告诉她穷人与富人对待乳腺癌有巨大的区别。菲力西亚-克驽尔说:我们渐渐明白乳腺癌怎么袭击年青女性。这是墨西哥30-40岁女性的第二大死亡原因。对于整个发展中国家来说,乳腺癌是导致年青女性死亡的第一大原因。我想我们必须吸取经验,对于乳腺癌我们可以做的比我们现在做的更多。克驽尔教授当她在发展中国家工作的时候经常接触社区医护工作者。他们对于减少癌症的死亡率是非常重要的一个部分。他们能够说服人们去接收检测以预防疾病。专家说癌症治疗并不一定非常昂贵,例如,患者可以通过低成本的药物来治疗。
摘要 背景:乳腺癌是第一致死的癌症发病率在女性和它 在过去的20年翻了一倍。几种方法用于治疗这些肿瘤 发达。腋淋巴结(ALND)导致众多的发病率的并发症 现在正好被剥离,哨兵淋巴结。 虽然这种方法具有较强的优点,也有其自身的局限性,操纵 放射性产物和可能的过敏反应的染料。最近提出,这些 原则上可以限制by-passed如果半导体纳米颗粒(量子点或量子点)。 被用作荧光造影剂对于体内SLN成像。有荧光量子点 纳米粒子的独特光学性质如抗物、大小 依赖发射波长、大臼齿消光系数,以及良好的量子的产量。 方法:CdSe / ZnS核/壳纳米发光量子点附近使用655顶在我们的研究中,20μL 1μM(20 pmol皮下注射量子点解)前爪子健康的裸体 老鼠和腋窝淋巴结(氮)被注射后的直观蓝染。体内 荧光光谱进行了氮化的老鼠在前五15,30岁,60岁 分钟,24小时后之喷射。氮化铝和其他器官被移开,cryosectioned和 在荧光显微镜下观察。当时的器官中提取了溶化学 量子点。Plasmatic、泌尿系统和粪便荧光水平衡量。 结果:量子点在氮检测尽快5分钟,24小时后注射。这个 量子点的最大数量的氮检测60分钟注射后,对应 注入剂量。大部分的注射量子留在注射部位。量子点都没有
来自于哈佛医学院的菲利希亚克诺尔是一位作家,她在墨西哥时发现自己得了乳腺癌,在那里她接受了治疗,她的治疗经历让她明白富人和穷人在治疗乳腺癌上的显著差异。
回答如下:乳癌,乳腺癌:breast cancer。其中breast的中文意思是:乳房,胸,胸脯,胸部; cancer的中文意思是:癌症,癌,邪恶,毒瘤。常见短语:breast feeding母乳喂养,breast milk 母乳; cancer patient癌症病人,liver cancer肝癌,skin cancer 皮肤癌,blood cancer血癌,lung cancer肺癌。
对于不少医学工作者来说,发表医学论文其中一个难题就是翻译。由于英文水平的不足,医学工作者在翻译过程中常常遇到困境。今天我们就来谈谈医学论文翻译技巧,希望对各位同学有所启发。 一、时态问题 1、表达目的所用的时态 在医学论文中,“目的”通常指进行某项研究的原因、意图,即表明研究的目标。由于研究目标的制定通常在着手开始研究之前,故可使用过去时态;但是,在论文写作中,也通常使用一般现在时来表达目的,以表达研究目的是合理的、可重复等意义。 2、表达方法和结果所用的时态 在研究性论文中,在描述所使用的实验方法、技术时通常使用过去时,以表达相关的实验方法步骤发生在过去;对结果的报道也使用过去时,以表示已经得出了结果。 3、表达结论所用的时态 医学论文的结论部分为作者表达观点、意见,以及对研究进行总结的地方,常用时态为一般现在时,以表示研究结果的客观性,如果用一般过去时,则表示这一结论仅仅适用于该研究过程中特定的情况,不具有普遍性。 二、词首字母大小写问题 关于地名和地理学术语如何正确大写的问题。因为中文不牵涉大写问题,所以中文母语的作者可能会有点迷惑。其实大写问题对于英语母语的作者而言也不太容易理顺。 三、标点符号问题 由于语言习惯影响,不少医学工作者会错误的使用英文标点符号,导致医学论文出现语言问题。下面我们列举几个英文标点符号常见的错误。 1.顿号使用错误 由于英文中没有顿号,但有些作者由于习惯影响,会在句子中使用顿号,如错误例子:The five concentrations of nitrogen in our study were 1、5、10、50、100 mg/L,respectively. 该句作者使用顿号隔开数字,应改为逗号,在英文学术论文写作中,无论是多个并行的数字、单词和短语都是用逗号来分隔。 2.书名号使用错误 对于书名、刊物名、影片、文章名在中文表达中使用书名号无可厚非,但用英文标点符号时可就注意了,如错误例子: In the book 《Pipeline Risk Management Manual》, the authorMuhlbauer W Kenr (.) grouped pipeline risk into 4 classes. 该作者错误的将句子中的书名使用了中文的标点符号,由于英文标点符号没有书名号,所以通常使用斜体字来表示,有时也可用引号、全部大写或在书刊名下划线来表示。 3.方括号和圆括号使用错误 方括号与圆括号并用时,容易产生错误,首先举一个错误的例子:[That was the colour (blue) she preferred] ,事实上在方括号和圆括号并用时,英文句子的使用方式与中文恰恰相反,即圆括号在内外,方括号在内,因此上句应改为: ( That was the colour [blue] she preferred. )
翻译软件仅供参考,不能过分依赖,想要高质量的翻译还是需要专业的翻译人士和平台,个人还是比较信赖北京译顶科技
Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action. Methods: 1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model. 2. After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E Group : Yishen Decoction United benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group of eight, together with the A Group of 5 Group. 3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction. 4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay. Results: 1. The general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity, loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; medicine the performance of rats with similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur. 2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still high in sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference (P> ). 3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ). 5. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissue Expression, and traditional Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF. Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.
医学论文翻译挺难的,没有一点的水平完全翻译不过来,建议还是找机构,让清北医学翻译帮忙把。
有没有淋巴结的转移呢,肿块大小是多少呢,乳腺癌最主要的就是预防复发,5年内控制理想的话再复发的可能性一般就很小了。
放疗可以减少乳癌的局部或区域复发,适用于复发高危患者。如内侧象限且伴腋窝淋巴结阳性的乳癌,淋巴结转移较多的乳癌,以及参考年龄、一级亲属发病率、生育、初产年龄等,同时还要看手术方式如是否行保乳手术。你母亲的雌孕激素受体弱阳性,激素治疗效果差,如伴有复发危险因素,建议加做放疗。
不放疗不会复发 关键不能惹老人生气 不能出力干活 注意营养 条件允许 考虑中医善后
1导管癌比腺泡癌要严重,所以应该是严重的.除非是乳腺增生,不是癌.2多发是指很多乳腺导管都有这种结节,复发几率比较大,除非大范围扫荡切除.3那是描述癌肿物结节的大小有1厘米乘1厘米左右,病灶就是指发病原来的部位.4浸润的一般都是恶性的,II-III级即2-3级,说明癌细胞是具有侵蚀性质的,那就应该有扩散的能力.5.淋巴管内癌浸润(+)是指有一个淋巴转移的意思,不完全对,是指这种癌已经生长在淋巴管内.并不一定转移,有可能转移.6血管内癌(-)和神经周围癌浸润(-)都是好现象,但是免疫力一旦下降病人可能因为扩散造成死亡.7E-Cadherin(+) ER(+)PR(+) Cerb-2(+) p53(-) Ki67(1%) D240(淋巴管+)这些都是描述肿瘤的指标,我只能告诉你这个肿物是恶性的,应该叫乳腺腺管癌.你也没有必要知道究竟有多恶性,化疗是最理想的而且比较管用,最好配合吃中药,可以治愈的.8我可以告诉你,如果继续化疗你母亲的体制一定会越来越差,而且回视力下降,脱发,皮肤干燥,腹痛,便秘,甚至恶心呕吐,饮食食欲减退,造成身体极度虚弱.最好,现在就找中医看,一定要找明白的中医,懂行的比饿找庸医,害死人啊.