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论文参考文献乱凑

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论文参考文献乱凑

要是不行的呀,如果参考文献都乱写的话,那就没有这样的一个参考价值的问题,你所写的论文也没有这样的一个参考的价值,所以千万不要乱写这样的一个文献

找篇另外的近年文献添上去。

1、如果引用的文献大部分为5年前的研究,有的综述大多数文献也在3年以上,这样,就不可能把最新的研究动态和学科发展趋势综述出来。在科技信息高度发展的今天,文献老化快,如作者缺乏引用最新文献的能力,该科研成果的价值将会受到影响。

2、引用文献,主要取决于文献的内容。如果是引用最新的研究进展,最新的理论阐述,最新的学术观点,毋庸置疑,是需要引用最新且最权威的文献的。如果是引用一些固定的事实,比如说生态学中的物种地理分布等等,应该引用原作者。需要花点时间,查阅是哪位或者是哪些作者最先研究、最早报道的这些信息。

3、引用文献不可随意,需要精心选择,需要引用和自己的研究内容密切相关的高质量文献。学术界引领学科发展的学者和实验室,声誉好的实验室,是首选。文献也是有优劣之分的,某些期刊的文献,小编是不建议作为参考文献引用到论文之中的。

扩展资料:

常见的论文引用错误:

1 、 参考文献数量偏少

正文中大谈某年某某做了什么研究,有什么论点等,而未引参考文献;对应该引文献的地方没有引用,使读者查不到原文。

2 、 转引他人文后参考文献

作者并没有亲自阅读所引文献,以至错误很多。例如,引用论点不够准确,断章取义甚至歪曲原意;经检索,有的文献原文中根本没有相关内容。

3 、 文献陈旧,信息不新

引用的文献大部分为5年前的研究,有的综述大多数文献也在3年以上,这样,就不可能把最新的研究动态和学科发展趋势综述出来。在科技信息高度发展的今天,文献老化快,如作者缺乏引用最新文献的能力,该科研成果的价值将会受到影响。

4 、 文内引用处未标角码或标注有误

有的作者不掌握参考文献标引的基本规范,仅在文后列出参考文献表,而文内相应处未标角码;有的文内角码处与参考文献表所引内容不一致,如文内“Heck等[1]指出”,但在参考文献[1]中却是Mekay的论点,不知究竟是参考的谁的文献。

5 、规格不当

著录规则未按GB/T 7714——2005及稿约要求的格式书写或格式错误:(1)项目次序颠倒;(2)缺项;(3)作者仅列1位后加等;(4)标点符号错误等。

6 、 文献罗列过多

非主要的参考文献都列在文献表内,未经作者亲自阅读的转引文献或转引他人文后所附的文献、保密的内部资料、未发表的资料、个人通讯等也列入参考文献表中。

7 、外文文献书写错误

(1)字母错误,大小写错误,有的单词拼写错误;(2)西文词连排,错误分开,移行不按音节;(3)外文期刊名缩写错误,刊名与书名、论文集混淆等。

8 、外国作者姓名书写不当

国标规定“个人著者采用姓在前、名在后的著录形式,”西文也应姓在前,名缩写在后,如John(第一名也就是本名)R.(第二名也就是亲属名首字母)Thomas(姓)应写成Thomas J R,有的误将名作姓,写成John R T,有的按原杂志上的署名全部搬到文献表上,转引他人外文文献问题就更多。

不能乱标。因为毕业论文体现了大学生的文化修养和专业素养,不是一纸空文。毕业论文学术性强,代表了大学生的研究水平和专业能力。倘若出现参考文献对应不上或乱标出处的现象,不仅失去了学术的严谨性和科学性,也导致你的毕业论文通不过,影响毕业。所以,本科毕业论文要论点正确,论据准确,论证严密,不可胡弄,草草了事。

本科毕业论文参考文献对应不上当然是不可以乱标的,这样的话影响自己的毕业。你可以去重新参考一下对应得上的文献。

硕士论文凑参考文献

硕士论文的参考文献格式如下:

参考文献的类型,参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章;J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告;对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。

对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, .,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的'首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & .;

书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。参考文献的格式及举例:期刊类,格式[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.举例:王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58.

专著类:格式[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.报纸类:格式:[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).举例:李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3).

论文集:格式 [序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.举例:伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.

学位论文:格式:[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码.举例:张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7.研究报告:格式,[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.

举例:[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997:9-10.条例:格式:[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期,举例:[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—05

参考文献:参考文献与文中注(王小龙,2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来,而不是1-6等等 ,并列写出来。最后,引用毕业论文属于学位论文.

引用硕士论文应按照参考文献中硕士论文的格式进行标注。

根据国家标准:GB/T 7714-2015的规定,参考文献引用时硕士论文的格式为:[序号]作者. 题(篇)名[C]. 出版地:出版社,出版年。

拓展资料

论文题目字数要求:

文章题目不超过20个字,不用不常见的英文缩写(三号、黑体、加粗,居中)

中文摘要与关键词:

摘要(黑体、小四、加粗,左对齐):中文摘要要求200字左右。中文摘要用第三人称编写,简短精炼,明确具体。摘要格式要规范,不能出现本文、论文等类似字样,不能出现数学公式、插图、表格、参考文献序号等。摘要中应用黑体明确列述该文的创新点(新理论,新观点,新技术,新工艺等等),以便于创新性知识的发现,提取和评价,。英文摘要同中文一致,创新点用斜体标出。(宋体、小四)

关键词(黑体、小四、加粗,左对齐):词1;词2;词3(宋体,小四,要求3-8个,用分号隔开)

英文摘要与关键词:

Title(三号、Times New Roman体、加粗、居中)

Abstract(小四、Times New Roman体、加粗):Abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract. abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract. abstract abstract (小四、Times New Roman体)

Key words(小四、Times New Roman体、加粗):word1; word2; word3(小四、Times New Roman体,一律小写,英文缩写除外)

论文目录格式:

目录(三号、黑体、加粗、居中、字间空两字符)

1 一级标题(绪论、前言或引言)(小四、黑体、加粗、左对齐)……….………………1

二级标题1(小四、宋体、首行缩进2字符)…………………………………….1

三级标题1(小四、宋体、首行缩进2字符)……………….…………………..1

二级标题2…………………………………..…………………………….25

2 一级标题(实验)……………………………….………………………………30

二级标题1 …………………………………..…………………………….30

三级标题1………………………………….……………………………..40

3 一级标题(结论、结束语)……………………………………………………..100

参考文献(不加标题编号)…………………………………………………………102

附录(不加标题编号)…………………………………………………………………104

附录1………………………………………………………………………………110

附录2………………………………………………………………………………115

附录3 …………………………………………………………………………….120

致谢(不加标题编号) ………………………………………………………………130

(以上单独成页)

1 一级标题(四号、黑体、加粗、左对齐)(三级标题,不得出现四级)

二级标题式样(小四、黑体、加粗、左对齐)

三级标题式样(小四、宋体、加粗、左对齐)

正文内容:

(小四,宋体,倍行距,字符不缩放,字符间距为“标准”;参考文献标识符号[1],方括号加数字,小四,Times New Roman,上标表示;所有数字和英文全部为Times New Roman字;除目录可适当调整行距外,其他部分全部为倍行距。页面上下边距为,左右边距为;中英文题目、摘要和关键词页面用罗马数字注页码,其他部分用阿拉伯数字注页码,页码为页脚标识,六号、宋体、居中。)

表(一律用三线表)

表 表的名称(表序分两级,小四、宋体、加粗、居中)

表内文字:小四号、宋体、上下左右居中

注(五号、宋体、加黑):内容(五号、宋体),有多条注释,用“①、②……”分列。

2 一级标题(四号、黑体、加粗、左对齐)

二级标题式样(小四、黑体、加粗、左对齐)

三级标题式样(小四、宋体、加粗、左对齐)

正文内容。(小四,宋体,倍行距,字符不缩放,字符间距为“标准”;参考文献标识符号[1],方括号加数字,小四,Times New Roman,上标表示;所有数字和英文全部为Times New Roman字;除目录可适当调整行距外,其他部分全部为倍行距。页面上下边距为,左右边距为;中英文题目、摘要和关键词页面用阿拉伯数字注页码,其他部分用罗马数字注页码,页码为页脚标识,六号、宋体、居中。)

图(图序一级,依次标识,小四号、宋体、加黑、居中)

3 一级标题(四号、黑体、加粗、左对齐)

二级标题式样(小四、黑体、加粗、左对齐)

三级标题式样(小四、宋体、加粗、左对齐)

正文内容。(小四,宋体,倍行距,字符不缩放,字符间距为“标准”;参考文献标识符号[1],方括号加数字,小四,Times New Roman,上标表示;所有数字和英文全部为Times New Roman字;除目录可适当调整行距外,其他部分全部为倍行距。页面上下边距为,左右边距为;中英文题目、摘要和关键词页面用罗马数字注页码,其他部分用阿拉伯数字注页码,页码为页脚标识,六号、宋体、居中。)

公式(公式格式:公式居中,公式编号右对齐,英文字母和数字为Times New Roman体,小四号字)

(以上单独成页)

参考文献(五号、黑体、加粗、居中):

1) 期刊文献的著录格式[序号] 主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码. (五号、宋体、下同)

2)普通图书(专著)的著录格式[序号] 主要责任者.书名[文献类型标识]. 其他责任者(选择项).版本(第1版不标注).出版地:出版者,出版年:页码(选择项).

3)析出文献的著录格式[序号] 主要责任者.析出文献题名[文献类型标识] // 编者.原文献名.出版地:出版者,出版年:析出文献起止页码.

4)学位论文的著录格式[序号] 作者.题名:[文献类型标识].保存地:保存者,年份.

5)报纸文章的著录格式[序号] 主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].报纸名,出版日期(版次).

6)电子文献的著录格式[序号] 主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).

7)专利文献的著录格式[序号] 专利申请者.专利题名[文献类型标识].专利国别,专利号,出版日期.

8)技术标准(规范)的著录格式[序号] 起草责任者.标准代号 标准顺序号—发布年 标准名称[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年(也可略去起草责任者、出版地、出版者和出版年).

9)各种未定义类型文献的著录格式[序号] 主要责任者.文献题名[Z].出版地:出版者,出版年.

10)外文文献的引用格式各类外文文献的文后参考文献格式与中文格式相同,其中题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写,为了减少外文刊名引用不规范所造成的引文统计及链接误差,用(SXXXX-XXXX)格式在刊名后加ISSN号例如[1] KANAMORI H. Shaking without Quaking [J]. Science (S0036-8075), 1998, 279: 2063.

附: 参考文献类型及标识代码文献类型 标识代码 文献类型 标识代码 文献载体类型 标识代码普通图书 M 报告 R 磁带 MT会议录 C 标准 S 磁盘 DK汇编(论文集) G 专利 P 光盘 CD报纸 N 数据库 DB 联机网络 OL期刊 J 计算机程序 CP学位论文 D 电子公告 EB

(以上单独成页)

附录

附录1:

附录2:

附录3:

(以上单独成页)

致谢

感谢院系领导

感谢指导老师

论文参考文献乱编

当然,人不可以参考文献是有标准的格式的,你可以登录中国知网直接引用他的参考文献格式。或者自己根据专业的格式进行书写。

要是不行的呀,如果参考文献都乱写的话,那就没有这样的一个参考价值的问题,你所写的论文也没有这样的一个参考的价值,所以千万不要乱写这样的一个文献

本科毕业论文参考文献对不上不可以乱标的。发生这种情况,可以更改一下内容。千万不要胡编乱造,蒙混过关。

不可以的。

首先,这样对读者的误导很大,平时,我们自己看文献时,往往会根据参考文献去追溯。其次,这样的论文投出去,也很容易被审稿人发现。因为审稿人一般都是相关领域的科研人员。

这样乱标参考文献很可能毁了一篇论文。即使论文内容很好,都极有可能毁于一旦,因此不建议这么做,风险太大。

参考文献的格式

1、文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》,适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献,而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。

2、顺序编码制的具体编排方式。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者,在正文中用同一序号标示。一般来说,引用一次的文献的页码(或页码范围)在文后参考文献中列出。

格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年,卷(期)”等+“:页码(或页码范围).”。多次引用的文献,每处的页码或页码范围(有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码)分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处。

置于方括号后(仅列数字,不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符;页码范围中间的连线为半字线)并作上标。作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的,该页码或页码范围也要作上标。

作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号,做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。另外,参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。

论文乱编的参考文献

找篇另外的近年文献添上去。

1、如果引用的文献大部分为5年前的研究,有的综述大多数文献也在3年以上,这样,就不可能把最新的研究动态和学科发展趋势综述出来。在科技信息高度发展的今天,文献老化快,如作者缺乏引用最新文献的能力,该科研成果的价值将会受到影响。

2、引用文献,主要取决于文献的内容。如果是引用最新的研究进展,最新的理论阐述,最新的学术观点,毋庸置疑,是需要引用最新且最权威的文献的。如果是引用一些固定的事实,比如说生态学中的物种地理分布等等,应该引用原作者。需要花点时间,查阅是哪位或者是哪些作者最先研究、最早报道的这些信息。

3、引用文献不可随意,需要精心选择,需要引用和自己的研究内容密切相关的高质量文献。学术界引领学科发展的学者和实验室,声誉好的实验室,是首选。文献也是有优劣之分的,某些期刊的文献,小编是不建议作为参考文献引用到论文之中的。

扩展资料:

常见的论文引用错误:

1 、 参考文献数量偏少

正文中大谈某年某某做了什么研究,有什么论点等,而未引参考文献;对应该引文献的地方没有引用,使读者查不到原文。

2 、 转引他人文后参考文献

作者并没有亲自阅读所引文献,以至错误很多。例如,引用论点不够准确,断章取义甚至歪曲原意;经检索,有的文献原文中根本没有相关内容。

3 、 文献陈旧,信息不新

引用的文献大部分为5年前的研究,有的综述大多数文献也在3年以上,这样,就不可能把最新的研究动态和学科发展趋势综述出来。在科技信息高度发展的今天,文献老化快,如作者缺乏引用最新文献的能力,该科研成果的价值将会受到影响。

4 、 文内引用处未标角码或标注有误

有的作者不掌握参考文献标引的基本规范,仅在文后列出参考文献表,而文内相应处未标角码;有的文内角码处与参考文献表所引内容不一致,如文内“Heck等[1]指出”,但在参考文献[1]中却是Mekay的论点,不知究竟是参考的谁的文献。

5 、规格不当

著录规则未按GB/T 7714——2005及稿约要求的格式书写或格式错误:(1)项目次序颠倒;(2)缺项;(3)作者仅列1位后加等;(4)标点符号错误等。

6 、 文献罗列过多

非主要的参考文献都列在文献表内,未经作者亲自阅读的转引文献或转引他人文后所附的文献、保密的内部资料、未发表的资料、个人通讯等也列入参考文献表中。

7 、外文文献书写错误

(1)字母错误,大小写错误,有的单词拼写错误;(2)西文词连排,错误分开,移行不按音节;(3)外文期刊名缩写错误,刊名与书名、论文集混淆等。

8 、外国作者姓名书写不当

国标规定“个人著者采用姓在前、名在后的著录形式,”西文也应姓在前,名缩写在后,如John(第一名也就是本名)R.(第二名也就是亲属名首字母)Thomas(姓)应写成Thomas J R,有的误将名作姓,写成John R T,有的按原杂志上的署名全部搬到文献表上,转引他人外文文献问题就更多。

要是不行的呀,如果参考文献都乱写的话,那就没有这样的一个参考价值的问题,你所写的论文也没有这样的一个参考的价值,所以千万不要乱写这样的一个文献

当然,人不可以参考文献是有标准的格式的,你可以登录中国知网直接引用他的参考文献格式。或者自己根据专业的格式进行书写。

不可以的 要和论文内容相关的

乱世佳论文参考文献

该论文主要是对《飘》一书中的女主角郝思嘉的性格进行了分析,她的性格可以分成优点和缺点两个方面。优点包含:坚强勇敢,诚实守信等。性格缺点表现为:自私冷漠,不择手段等。为了更好地支撑该主题,该论文分为五大部分:第一部分地对作者和作品的简介;第二部分集中分析郝思嘉的性格优点;第三部分是对郝思嘉的性格缺点加以分析;第四部分着力分析郝思嘉性格形成的原因;第五部分为结论,重申主题。  关键词:郝思嘉;性格优点;性格缺点;性格形成 AbstractThis present paper concentrates on an analysis of the characters of the heroine: Scarlett in the novel .Her characters can be analyzed by two aspects: the positive characters such as strong will and courage, honesty and keeping promise ; and the demerits in her characters, such as selfishness and coldness, abjection etc. To support the thesis, the paper is divided into five parts. The first part gives a brief introduction to both the author and the novel. The second part makes an analysis of the positive characters of Scarlett. The third part makes an analysis of the demerits in Scarlett’s characters. The fourth part gives the reasons for the formation of Scarlett’s characters. The fifth part is the conclusion, restating the thesis of the Words: Scarlett; Weakness of characteristic; Strength of characteristic; Personality formation   I. A brief Introduction to the authorMargaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949), popularly known as Margaret Mitchell was an American author. She was born in a prominent Atlanta lawyer’s family in Atlanta. The time Mitchell grew up was under the environment of Civil War, she heard a lot of burning of the city, the use of the family house as an army hospital, and the sufferings of the family and their friends during the post-war reconstruction period. Margaret started writing Gone with the Wind in 1926, which is the next year she married John Marsh. The aim of her writing is to write a defensive, chauvinistic account of the South’s war. The whole process of writing lasted almost 10 years. The novel Gone with the Wind was published in 1936, and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937. The novel is one of the most popular books of all time, selling more than 28 million copies. An American film based on this novel was released in 1939, which is one of the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood, and received a record-breaking number of Academy Awards.[Note1] Mitchell drew upon her encyclopedic knowledge of the Civil War and dramatic moments from her own life, and typed her epic novel on an old Remington typewriter. She originally named the heroine "Pansy O'Hara", and Tara was "Fontenoy Hall". She initially considered naming the novel Tote The Weary Load or Tomorrow Is Another Day .[Note 2]  Mitchell wrote for her own enjoyment and with solid support from her husband. In 1949, crossing a street to go to a theater, Margaret Mitchell was killed by a drunken A brief Introduction to the novelThe story of Gone with the Wind revolves around Scarlett O’Hara, who is daughter of Irish landowner Gerald, and who has made the plantation Tara into one of Georgia’s finest. In this novel, Scarlett is in love with Ashley Wilkes, who marries his cousin Melanie. As the civil war begins, Scarlett bears the responsibility to protect her family and the pregnant Melanie. During the time she stays in Atlanta with relatives, she faces Sherman’s army and delivers Melanie’s baby as the city was in danger. During the after-war reconstruction period, Scarlett practically does business with the Yankees and so prospers and restores the fortunes of Tara. In this novel, she marries 3 times with purposes —firstly she married with Charles Hamilton to spite Ashley, a second time to pay off Tara’s postwar taxes, and the third time for fun. Her third husband, Rhett Butler, engages in lucrative deals with the Federal Army from the start of the conflict and right through Reconstruction. He was angry about his wife’s love for Ashley and selfish disengagement from him and their daughter, Bonnie Blue, who dies in a riding accident. The novel ends with Scarlett realizing how much she loves Rhett and resolving to get him back—by returning to her beloved hometown Tara to plan her . An analysis of the positive characters of . Scarlett’s integrity to promise Scarlett’s integrity to promise is evidenced by what she does during the war; she tries her best to look after Ashley’s wife and son, only because she loves Ashley and has promised him to take care of Melanie. Before Ashley leaves to fight for the South, he asked Scarlett to take care of his wife-Melanie. Scarlett agreed and carried her promise till the end of this story. Even though she is in love with Ashley, and jealous on Melanie, she always looks after her and her baby.  After Ashley left, the Yankees finally begin their siege of Atlanta, the city evacuates. Melanie and Scarlett remain behind to leave the dangerous place as Melanie is pregnant and about to give birth. After attempts to get help, Scarlett delivers Melanie's baby herself. When they return back to Tara, Scarlett still constantly offers help to Melanie and her child. Even after Ashley returned back to Tara, Scarlett still offers help to his and her family. It is not only because she loves Ashley, but also because she wants to keep her promise, which she made long time ago. . Scarlett’s loyalty to loveScarlett’s loyalty to love is evidencedattractive to Scarlett, because he is a mystery to Scarlett; she is always trying to get to know Ashley’s real feelings. The things about Ashley, which she could not understand, make her love him more. They know each other since their childhood, Scarlett and Ashley always play together. She has seen him come and go and never gives him a thought, and Ashley has never seemed so very attractive to her at the early stage. Scarlett fell in love with Ashley since “that day two years ago when Ashley, newly home from his three years’ Grand Tour in Europe, hand called to pay his respects, she had loved him.” That year she is only 16, she is so attracted and falls in love with him until she is 28. She turns to see Ashley to be that authority figure, which she always respects and loves, but he is not able to be one for her. Her so-called love for Ashley is a kind of child’s love, because he is someone that denied her, so that makes her want it more. “Even now, she could recall each detail of his dress, how brightly his boots shone, the head of a Medusa in cameo on his cravat pin, the wide Panama hat that was instantly in his hand when he saw her.” However, Ashley does never show love to her, even though he knows clearly that she loves him, “And yet- and yet – she knew he loved her. She could not be mistaken about it. Instinct stronger than reason and knowledge born of experience told her that he loved her. Too often she had surprised him when his eyes were neither drowsy nor remote, when he looked at her with a yearning and a sadness, which puzzled her. She knew he loved her.” In fact, Ashley does not love her, but he chooses to keep a vague relationship with her. Although Scarlett knows Ashley does not love her, still wants Ashley to marry her at that time and wishful thinking to be his wife. She even encourages him to run away with her, which is always a nice dream to Scarlett. . Scarlett’s courageScarlett’s courage can be seen from what she does to protect her family and her second marriage to Frank. When Scarlett return Tara, the Tara's former overseer, Yankee Jonas Wilkerson, newly a Scallywag, raises the taxes on Tara to force the O'Haras out so that he and his wife can live there. In order to save Tara, Scarlett goes to Atlanta and gets Rhett to give her the money to pay the taxes. She soon finds out Rhett is in jail and unable to help her. She then runs into Frank Kennedy, who is a successful storeowner. Frank, is unable to resist Scarlett's charms, marries her and gives her the tax money. In all, her courage makes her to marry her second husband, Frank, in order to protect Tara, where her family is. 2. 4. Scarlett’s strong willScarlett’s strong will is reflected when she return back to Tara. At that time, Scarlett finds the house in Tara in ruins, the crops burned, most of the slaves run off, her mother dead, her father demented, and her two sisters sick with typhoid. Some of her npillaging of the Yankees and they share with her all that is possible. Therefore, Scarlett forces her family and the slaves to tend fields and pick cotton. During that reconstruction period, a lone Yankee soldier arrives looking to loot and assault Scarlett, she shoots him. In all, the Scarlett’s strong will makes her to do anything to protect Tara and herself. Scarlett has a practical nature and willingness to step on anyone who doesn't have her family's best interests at heart, including her own sister. For example, in her mind, and the circumstances appear to support her thinking, there simply was no choice if they were to keep Tara. Encouraged by her strong willingness to protect Tara, she had to steal and marry Frank Kennedy herself. In fact, what people hate most about her literally enabled her to save the . 5. Scarlett’s strong sense of responsibilityScarlett has a strong sense of responsibility. During the war, she volunteers to take care of the wounded in Atlanta. She has a strong sense of social responsibility, similar as many white women; she takes an active and educated part in the movement to separate the South from the North. To Scarlett, protecting south means to protect her family and the plantation. Atlanta is completely lost from South after Sherman’s campaign. Many people in Atlanta desert their lands and families and escape to other places. Scarlett’s sense of responsibility could be seen from her loves to family and the whole of Tara. Tara is her land and her backbone; she stays and tries her best to preserve Tara no matter what it costs. Moreover, her responsibility can be seen from how she keeps with her promises. Although she agrees to take care of Melanie because she is in love with Ashley and she does not want to upset him, but she eventually does all her best to keep this promise.  . Scarlett’s pursuit of independenceScarlett is an independent woman to some extent. It can be shown when she returns Tara. She starts her business and practice usury, run timber mill, and illegally employ Negroes. Even though she is abused by the southern royalty to be greedy, selfish, shameless, cruel and cold, she is an adventure, an upstart and a great heroine who has survived in the war. In fact, all the people in Tara including the Ashleys are living on Scarlett’s shoulders. Without her help, Melanie and her child would be dead in the war. Without Scarlett to be an evil, Melanie could not be respected as an angel. Therefore, Scarlett is the real respectable person because of her independence and strong characteristic. It might be arguable that Scarlett is not a fully independent woman at first, because she is a spoiled girl at first, and then she relied on men to get through the challenges in her life. However, eventually after she goes back to Tara, she becomes an independent woman, she owns her business and she looks after her family and other people in Tara with h III. An analysis of Scarlett’s demerits in her . Scarlett’s selfishness and coldnessScarlett’s selfishness and coldness could be reflected from her attempts to get Ashley in any mean. Against the background of war, Scarlett stays in Atlanta and enjoys the company of Rhett; on the other hand, she continues to carry a torch for Ashley. She does not really care about how Melanie feels about her relationship with Ashley, and she is willing to destroy Melanie’s marriage. The day Ashley leaves, Scarlett once again reveals her feelings to him, hoping Ashley will also break down and allow he to tell Scarlett that he loves her too. Ashley makes Scarlett promise that she will look after Melanie and see his family through the upcoming crisis in his absence. Scarlett blindly agrees to his promise. As Ashley intends to leave, Scarlett clings to him desperately and they share a passionate, forbidden embrace. From an ethical point of view, it is not right to destroy anybody else’s family, particularly Melanie is her relative. However, she still does it because she is selfish, she does not care the consequence, she just want to get love from Ashley

影片虽然围绕着战争和三角恋展开,但却给人以正确的三观。乱世佳人当中的经典语录数不胜数,一个爱情故事却无比励志,让人看完之后充满希望。当然,最终让这部电影成为经典的,还是费雯丽,尤其是最后,她饰演的斯嘉丽说出那句tomorrow is another day的时候,给了很多人难以置信的勇气。从剧本到演员的精雕细琢。让四个小时的《乱世佳人》成为了标杆,或许以后还会出现这么长的电影,但很难再出现如此经典之作了。

经典本身就是很难超越的反应那个时代人们进取心和价值观以及面对困难的勇气

六、《乱世佳人》对奴隶制度的影射 影片《乱世佳人》对当时黑人奴隶制度的影响从侧面也得到了充分的展现。美国内战爆发之前,南方实行奴隶制种植园经济,奴隶完全听命于管理阶级,而战后黑人的社会地位有了很大的变化,得到了很大的提升。首先,内战前,由于种植园经济落后的生产方式,需要大量的劳动力,对黑奴的自由买卖,导致许多黑人家庭被拆得七零八散。战争结束后,奴隶获得了人身自由,黑奴自由买卖的历史一去不返。第二,内战前,奴隶作为白人奴隶主的私有财产,没有任何政治权利。战争尾期,军队开始招募奴隶去进行基础设施建设,从此奴隶开始有了自己的权利。影片中通过刻画斯佳丽家的黑奴山姆被挑选去挖地道时兴高采烈的样子,可以看出黑人对于参与政治的渴望。第三,在内战前,黑人都是随种植园奴隶主的姓氏,内战过后,黑人也有了自己选择姓氏的自由。影片从侧面反映了美国内战前后黑人在社会生活各方面发生的变化,使我们更客观更清楚地看到了黑人在美国资本主义发展过程中的血泪史。但不可否认的是,在影片中白人战后对黑人态度上没有变化,仍然歧视黑人,而且塔拉庄园里的所有黑奴对南北战争无动于衷,战争的结局也对他们的处境毫无影响。 综上所述,《乱世佳人》是美国电影发展史上一颗最闪亮的艺术明珠,生动地刻画了斯嘉丽反叛、乐观、能干和坚强的个性,向我们展示了一个全新的女性形象,并以其恢弘的气势、绚丽的色调、饱满的内涵,书写了19世纪美国南方社会乃至整个美国文化史上的一部传奇,成为电影史上最优秀的影片之一。

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