烧结论文发表

近日，电子 科技 大学材料与能源学院夏川教授以第一作者和共同通讯作者身份在国际著名期刊Nature Chemistry (《自然–化学》)上发表题为“General synthesis of single-atom catalysts with high metal loading using graphene quantum dots”的研究论文。该研究开发了一套高载量过渡金属单原子材料的普适性合成策略，实现了高达 40 wt.% 或 3.8 at.% 的高过渡金属原子负载，比目前报道的单原子负载量提升了几倍甚至数十倍。 该工作由电子 科技 大学、加拿大光源和美国莱斯大学三个单位共同合作完成。材料与能源学院的夏川教授为论文第一作者和通讯作者，美国莱斯大学的汪淏田教授和加拿大光源的胡永峰教授为论文通讯作者。该合作团队在电催化材料研究和电化学反应器设计领域建立了坚实的基础，并取得了丰硕的研究成果。 过渡金属单原子材料具有极高的原子利用率、独特的电子结构以及明晰且可调的配位结构，在各种电催化过程中展现出优异的活性。但常规单原子材料中金属原子密度较低（通常小于5 wt.%或1 at.%），大大限制了其整体催化性能及工业应用前景，因此发展出高载量过渡金属单原子材料普适性合成策略至关重要。现有“自上而下”和“自下而上”工艺对提高合成单原子材料的金属负载量有很大的局限（图1, a-b）。以碳材料负载的单原子为例，现有的“自上而下”方法通过在碳材料载体表面制造缺陷，然后通过缺陷稳定单原子。然而，无法精确调控缺陷尺寸导致缺陷位点的数目极大地受到限制，而且当金属负载量提高时，容易在大尺寸的缺陷位处形成团簇。“自下而上”方法则使用金属和有机物前驱体（如金属有机框架、金属-卟啉分子、金属-有机小分子）热解碳化的方式获得负载金属单原子的碳材料。在金属负载量过大时，金属原子之间将因为没有足够的隔离空间而导致热解过程中团簇或者颗粒的产生。 鉴于此，该团队发展了区别于现有“自上而下”和“自下而上”工艺的单原子催化材料制备方法（图1c），以突破单原子负载量的限制。该团队创新性地使用比表面大、热稳定性高的石墨烯量子点作为碳基底，对其进行-NH2基团修饰，使其对金属离子具有高配位活性。引入金属离子后可得到以金属离子作为节点、功能化石墨烯量子点作为结构单元的交联网络，最后热解即可得到高载量的金属单原子材料。相较于传统“自上而下”和“自下而上”的单原子催化剂合成方法，该研究报道的方法既保证了高含量金属离子初始锚定时的高分散性又能有效抑制后续热解过程基底烧结重构引起的金属原子团聚。 XAFS、HADDF-STEM等多种表征手段证明，由该法制得的负载型金属单原子催化材料在保证金属原子单分散的同时还能实现远超现有文献报道水平的金属载量。借助该方法，该团队成功制备出质量分数高达41.6%（原子分数为3.84%）的Ir单原子催化材料（图2），该负载量相较于文献报道的Ir单原子最高载量提升了数倍。 另外，该合成策略还具有普适性，能够用于制备其他贵金属或非贵金属的高载量金属单原子催化材料。例如，在碳基底材料上，Pt单原子的负载量最高可达32.3 wt.%，Ni单原子负载量可达15 wt.%（图3）。 夏川，电子 科技 大学材料与能源学院教授，国家青年人才。研究方向为基于新能源的电催化、电合成、电化学生物合成，致力于实现碳平衡的能量与物质循环。在“液体燃料与基础化学品现场合成”这一特色方向开展了深入、系统的研究，在反应器与催化剂设计领域均取得丰硕成果，共发表学术论文50余篇，授权美国专利3项，H因子34，引用5200余次。近五年来，以第一作者/通讯作者身份在Science、Nat. Energy、Nat. Catal.、Nat. Chem.等国内外高水平期刊共发表论文20余篇，其中ESI高被引论文9篇，热点论文2篇。

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