不是的,这个没有这个必要的,中文版本的也是可以的,
本人亲身经历,完全可以。
工程领域,导师给个大方向就没影了,实验室缺测量仪器、比较抠门。研一下学期用了半年调研、选题、可行性分析,做了模型装置验证效果。后来又用了半年,通过实验不断地优化装置,再用半年做实验记录数据,写论文。研三9月份第一次投稿投的领域top刊,因写论文吹的有点过被审稿人揪住被拒,后来转投二区sci,很快接收、出版。
在整个过程中,导师除了添乱没啥用,最后还想抢一作。实验室的师兄师姐帮了很大忙,从搭建装置、做实验、处理数据、写论文、投稿、修回,都有帮忙。没有仪器就自己联系别的老师借用,放心都会借用的。需要买的设备不敢买整机,都是买模块自己调。
其间,遇到的最大问题还是选题,必须保证要有创新性、自己还得能做出来。在大部分时间内,都是觉得自己不可能做出来的,这时多亏师兄们的建议,虽然他们不完全懂我想做的,但是在你觉得无路可走开导你的思路是非常有用的。
个人的时间变:
研一上结束时,开始调研、选题。
研一下,实验各种方案,分析可行性。
研一暑假,开始搭建装置,边实验边优化。
研二上11月份,观察到细微的预期效果,感觉稳了。
研二下,前期主要做实验,后期处理数据、画图,然后写文章、翻译、润色。
研三上9月份,初投。11月份,二投。
研三下2月份,接收、出版。写大论文,6月毕业。
这个老师在读博士的时候非常聪明能干、科研能力很强。他发表了好几篇自己作为唯一作者的高质量的sci论文。凭着这几篇论文,他顺利地就职于一所不错的高校成为了一名终身轨助理教授。在正常的情况下,他会在6年之后拿到教职,并且晋升为副教授。
可是,就是这样一位看似要冉冉升起的科研好苗子,6年之后居然差点拿不到终身教职,也就是说他差一点就要走人了。这在他们学校是非常罕见的,由此可见他的科研生涯非常不顺利。
原因是什么呢? 在非升即走的终身轨制度下,能否拿到终身教职的关键就在于是否有足够多的科研成果。更直白点来说,就是看发表的学术论文够不够多。
仔细看一看这位老师的简历就会发现,他发表的论文并不多。他没能够发表足够多论文的原因就是他所有的论文基本上都是自己一个人写的,和他合作写文章的人屈指可数。因此他的科研成果产量太低。
至于为什么他的合作者很少,原因有两个。第一个原因是他自己不喜欢和人合作,很强势,听不进去别人的意见。第二个原因是,别人看到他的简历,一看基本上都是他自己单独发的文章,很容易就知道他不会是个好的合作者,因此也不会主动找他合作。
再加上,他和博士生导师的关系也一般,毕业后也未能和导师以及师兄师姐有过任何合作。久而久之,他的事业只能靠他一个人单打独斗。
而进入中年的他,精力不如读书时候好,结婚生子之后更是被生活琐事所累,工作时间有限。一个人的单打独斗终究是艰难的,有时候一年连一篇文章都发表不了。
一般情况下,研究生都是和自己的导师一起发表学术论文的。原因很简单。论文的方向是导师给的,科研经费是导师申请的,学生是在导师(或导师指导过的师兄师姐)的指导下做的科研。
如果一个研究生自己发表的所有学术论文里面完全没有导师的名字,难免让人有一些不好的揣测。
第一种揣测:这个研究生和导师对论文有不同意见。导师可能因为种种原因(比如论文质量不高),没有批准这篇论文,要求学生改进,但是学生有不同意见,私自发表。或者导师想当一作,学生反对,于是自己作为唯一作者,私自发表。
第二种揣测:这个研究生没有协作精神,很难相处,导师完全管不了,只好任其自由发展。
第三种揣测:学生人品有问题。认为导师只是动动嘴皮子,对论文的贡献不足以作为作者之一。
以上三种就是高校老师知道一个研究生自己独自发表了学术论文之后的真实想法,基本上都是比较负面的。
说实在的,我认为研究生和自己的导师争学术论文的作者顺序这件事情很没有必要。不管学生发表的文章有没有挂导师的名字,也不管导师的名字排在哪里,只要是读研究生期间和毕业论文有关的学术成果,一般人缺省地都会认为是在导师的指导下完成的,特别是那些和导师研究领域相关的科研。
读研阶段根本没有必要去证明自己很独立。和独立相比,协作精神显然更重要。如果一个人和自己的导师都无法合作完成一篇论文的话,很难让人相信他会是个好同事、好合作者。 就像我上面提到的那个大学老师,他和同事相处得不算好,也没有什么科研方面的合作者。
研究生可以独立发文章,但是不能所有的文章都是自己单独发表的。除非你有合理的解释并且导师愿意给你写很强的推荐信,否则的话,和自己的导师至少要有一两篇合发的文章才算是合情合理的。
如果你去看看当代的学术期刊,就会发现 几乎95%以上的论文都是由多个作者合作完成的,很少有单独作者的论文。 至少在我所处的领域是这种情况。究其原因,我认为有几点。
第一、和他人合作可以取长补短。 比如说,一个人擅长理论证明,另一个人擅长应用和编程。那么这样两个人就可以在一起合作完成他们一个人无法完成的既有好的应用又有理论支持的高质量论文。
第二、和他人合作可以极大地提高产量。 比如说,自己一个人一年拼了命最多发表2篇sci论文。但是在和他人合作的情况下,自己只需要负责自己擅长的那一部分就可以了。于是,一年可以发表5篇、10篇、甚至更多的论文。这就是为什么很多有名的教授一年可以发表几十篇论文的原因。这些论文很大一部分来自于他们数目庞大的合作者。
第三、有时候科研很苦,有人一起作伴会更有乐趣、可以走得更长远。 科研之所以苦,是因为它总是与挫折为伴。很多新的想法经过实验检验后都被证实是没有用的。如果是一个人做科研的话,就很容易想要放弃。但是,如果有合作者的话,情况就有所不同。你取得的一点点进步,有人和你一起分享、为你鼓舞。你陷入困境的时候,有人帮你想办法。你想放弃的时候,你不想连累合作者,于是咬紧牙关、坚持下去。
正因为和他人合作有很多好处,所以大多数科研人员都愿意(或者是不得不)和他人合写论文。
研究生读研阶段可以只靠自己发表sci论文,但是会有一些负面影响,不值得提倡。 如果不需要导师,就没有必要读研。 既然读研了,就应该和导师好好地合作,做一些双方都感兴趣的科研工作、合写几篇论文。
好的读研经历应该是让研究生和导师都受益、双赢的。 而不是学生和导师都觉得对方是多余的、是摆设。作为研究生,如果想在学术界立足,就要有意识地培养自己和他人的协作能力,可以从改进自己和导师的关系开始努力。
什么都是有圈子的,对圈外人比上天还难。回答字不多,但好理解吧?
圈子很重要,非常重要,特别重要。重要的事情说3遍。
本人亲身经历,完全靠自己发一篇还不错的SCI文章比较困难,除非你在英语方面有较高的水平 ;但是,如果你选择发一篇开源期刊的SCI论文,难度则会有所降低,基本上可以完全靠自己发1篇。
另外, 发表1篇SCI论文,硕士生完全靠自己发出来可能性太小,比例基本小于5%;博士生能够独立发出来的则相对较高,但占比也不会超高30%。 这是一个客观的事实。发表SCI论文对于中国研究生来说不得不承认是有一定困难的,除了文章的创新点的挖掘外,还包括英文写作能力、专业英语表达、有效回应审稿人等一系列问题。 当然还必须考虑学术内卷严重的问题,作者只是自己一个“弱小”的研究生的话,从结果可信度上就会受到质疑 。
首先简单介绍一下什么是SCI: SCI英文名Scientific Citation Index的缩写,是目前国际上三大检索系统中最著名的一种 ,其中以生命科学及医学、化学、物理所占比例最大,收录范围是当年国际上的重要期刊,尤其是它的引文索引表现出独特的科学参考价值,能反映自然科学研究的学术水平,在学术界占有重要地位。 SCI论文则是被SCI索引收录的期刊所刊登的论文。在国内,SCI论文通常被认为是具有一定高水平的学术文章,非常值得被拿来参考学习和引用。 在国内的很多单位绩效考核、学生毕业等也因此将SCI论文的发表数量和期刊质量作为重要的选择依据。
那么,为什么说硕士和博士研究生只靠自己发表1篇SCI论文难度很大呢?原因有以下几点:
SCI论文不是像国内常见的通过花钱买发表等一些学术不端手段就能简单完成的, SCI的期刊审稿过程本身非常严格,一般采取的是2-3人匿名评审,有时候会多达5人之多 ;而审稿人也会要求在一定时间内返回自己对文章的范围、学术价值、语言等全方面的评述,其中如果有一人给出的结论为拒稿的话,编辑通常会选择拒稿。 因此,SCI的拒稿率也是非常高的 。
SCI论文强调必须有明确的创新点、扎实的数据分析以支撑所得出的结论、文章背景论述必须科学合理迫切、综述必须切题、结果必须有价值讨论环节、语言表达需清晰明确等, 这一系列的要求自然对文章的质量进行了保证,而也正是这种高要求使得文章的发表难度加大 。
不论硕士还是博士研究生(可能博士研究生要比硕士研究生对文献阅读掌握的更加熟悉)在科学问题挖掘和分析方面都是需要花费一定的时间进行思考、领悟、分析、实验、讨论等步骤完成的,且科学的路总是崎岖不堪,跟别说没有辅导的情况下。
SCI论文难写的另外一个客观原因在于其逻辑表达与中文论文的差异性。 首先,在文章结构方面 ,SCI论文强调研究方法独立成章、重视讨论要胜过结果、数据分析及处理环节需要足够严谨等,所以在其写作习惯方面初学者就会感到非常别扭,没有中文 科技 论文的直叙方便; 其次,在语言表达方面 ,英语具有天生的简洁和意思的直接表达性,所以对于英语写作水平是有一定要求的,这一点在我国的研究生身上是普遍欠缺的; 最后,在深度挖掘方面 ,中文小论文更加看重方法的高大上、内容描述的全面性,一篇文章可能有几个论点,但是SCI论文要求必须在一个创新点上深挖、讨论、明确, 必须在讨论的基础上得出结论。
因此,SCI论文的写作逻辑需要基于大量的外文期刊文章的阅读和体会的基础上,进行模仿和把握,一蹴而就是不可能的。
不得不说随着研究生招生规模的逐年扩大,研究生的质量水平却在逐年下降,最主要的方面就体现在研究生的自身能力方面。一方面, 写论文是需要耐得住寂寞地去累积研究领域的参考文献,是需要不断地学习前人的研究成果,并进行批判性总结之后提出自己的创新点的,读文献的基本功显然研究生是普遍不足的 ;另一方面, 研究生的研究能力提升是一个客观的螺旋上升的过程,断不可揠苗助长,自身能力水平是需要一定时间的成长和沉淀的 ,而基于经验,研究生几乎70%的小论文发表都集中在研究生三年级阶段,个别优秀的学生则在研究生一年级和二年级发表了文章,但是需要注意的是,这些数据是基于导师、师兄师姐等的他人协助下完成的。
研究生研究能力不够是另外一个事实,当前能认真做自己研究的学生真是稀少,大部分都只是为了拿到一张毕业文凭,也没有对SCI论文发表的太高的述求。
SCI论文从准备、写作、完成发表、审稿、修改、录用等整个过程是非常漫长的。
一方面,研究生通常学制为3-5年,第一年主要任务主要为理论课的学习和考试;第二年则开始细致地研究文献并参与一些科研项目,这一年研究能力才开始提升;第三年则基本上可以进行一些自主写作,对于研究领域也有了一定的认识,创新点也能和导师等进行深入讨论。 可以说研究生的时间是非常紧凑的 。
另一方面,SCI论文从构思到写作完成基本上按照经验需要1年时间之久,而从投稿到最终录用时间至少也得1-2年之久 ,但不排除一些比较快速的半年就可以见刊的期刊。这样看来,假设从研究生一年级就开始准备写SCI论文,假设一年级就具备了一定的文献阅读和写作能力,客观时间来看也需要在研究生三年级的时候才能有50%的可能发表,而 这其中还并没有考虑上课、读文献、拒稿再重投、好几个月之后拒稿再重投等系列问题 。
因此,从时间来看,硕士生独立完成基本不可能,博士生独立完成也需要到博士四年级或者五年级。
这是一个难倒无数学生的问题,导师给不给论文版面费。虽然很多SCI期刊是不收取版面费的,但是也有一大部分的开源期刊是需要高额的版面费,通常在1万到1.5万元之间,有的会更高。这些经费对于一名学生来说显然是巨大的。
(1)研究生全程只靠自己发表一篇SCI文章太难了;
(2)研究生在能力养成和论文写作到发表之间存在巨大的矛盾,SCI论文从准备、写作、完成发表、审稿、修改、录用等整个过程是非常漫长的,正常时间需要2年之久;
全程靠自己发表SCI论文几乎是不可能的。原因如下:一、研究课题的创新性和前瞻性自己没法完全掌握;二、实验的开展需要老师和同门的支持,无论是经费、实验仪器、实验方法及经验都离不开大家的探讨;三、论文的结构、逻辑以及语言的修改自己是无法做到很完美的;四、发表论文时必须带上导师的名字,否则没法毕业;五、论文的返回与修改有时候也需要别人的帮助才能完成。另一方面,在没有前期的实验基础条件,实验开展起来也是非常吃力的,除非自己的能力和水平都很高,能够很快地解决困难,但是刚开始大家基本都是白纸一张,所以基本是不可能独立完成的。因此还是不建议完全靠自己,因为你的独立会给你带来孤独,无法融入群体中去。
这要看你是什么专业。对于不需要做实验的学科,比如数学等,只靠学生自己发表SCI是可能的。我就有数学专业的博士同学在读书期间自己发表了SCI。对于以实验为基础的学科,比如化学,实验物理,生物这些,想要发表需要实验数据支撑的SCI论文是不太可能的,因为没有导师提供实验平台,如试剂,测试仪器等。但是,这些学科的学生还是可以自己写SCI综述论文的。只不过一般发表综述时杂志 社会 要求作者提供相关研究方向的个人论文清单。如果学生自己的研究背景比较薄弱的话,可能文章的档次不会太高。
总而言之,对于科研能力和思考能力比较强的学生,自己发表SCI是可能的。
考研闲聊,跟你聊聊。
题主的意思是,读研后,不经过任何科研训练,不经过导师的任何指导,全部靠自己摸索能不能发论文?
我认为很难,因为sci发文都是有套路的,如果没有任何指导,即使你的点子石破天惊,但是不懂按照套路包装,也大概率发不出论文,甚至编辑都不给你送审。
文章的结构怎么梳理?格式怎么调整?期刊偏重什么文章,哪些表述要避免?哪些表述要强调?参考文献怎么做?这些都是套路。你就是按照别人的文章抄,很多细节的问题没人提点,也很难改正。经验丰富的审稿人,把文章拿来,随便看两眼,就知道是新手还是老手的文章,那都是十几年看文献的功夫,你靠自己瞎搞,恐怕很难过关。
肯定是可以的。但是过程会很曲折,很曲折。回忆起来都是泪[捂脸]
谁说的?这不是造谣么!不过博士毕业,一般需要在国际期刊或者会议论文集发表一篇英语的小论文,仅此而已啦。
博士毕业流程如下:
1、需要本人为第一作者身份在国内核心刊物或国际重要刊物上发表过两篇以上的论文。在核心期刊上以第一作者发表论文是博士毕业的硬性条件,其中如果被发表在一类期刊上,可以被算作两篇,其他种类的核心期刊算作一篇。
2、在规定年限内修满所有课程的学分。博士学习年限一般是3年,如果是硕博连读是2年,博士生需要在规定学习年限内修满相应的学分,通过论文答辩,才能申请毕业。
3、在校期间始终诚实守信没有学术不端记录。博士生在发表论文的时候,要保证论文科学可靠,不能有造假或剽窃行为,如果被发现有学术不端行为将被取消学籍。
在研修班课程学习期间,不同的院校和专业课程时间不一样,一般学制是3-5年,部分同等学力在职博士课程研修班学制是2-3年,部分学校要求在职博士学员需要满足5年的课程学习才能申请博士学位。
读完博士的好处有很多,比起读完硕士的人会有本质上的区别,有很多好处也是硕士体会不到的。除了工资比硕士高,工作的选择范围明显也比硕士要多。另外,博士就算是去做公务员也是正科级的待遇,所以有条件的可以去试试。
博士分脱产和在职两种,但在职博士大多数毕业后都能拿到学位,这点和在职硕士区别很大。 脱产博士学制为3-6年,大多数4、5年毕业,读到第三年可以答辩,如果没通过之后每3个月有一次答辩机会,当然前提是论文的数量和质量都得够。 在职博士学制大都为4-8年,也有和脱产的一样3-6年的,答辩合格方可毕业。
如office2013主题颜色
博士要求是3年,一般都是延期1年,最长可以延期到6年,但是如果时间再延长就基本毕不了业了。在职博士研究生的在校最长学习年限为8年。申请条件:一、博士生在申请博士论文答辩前应完成以下工作:1.培养计划中规定的全部课程,且课程考试成绩合格;2.与博士学位论文有关的课题研究任务;3.在博士学位论文工作期间按学校规定发表的学术论文;4.博士学位论文。二、延期或提前答辩1.博士生学习期限超过三年者,均应办理延期手续。延期至四年以内的,其手续在所在系办理,延期答辩者须持由导师签署意见的书面申请,到所在系领取《博士生延期申请》四联单,经导师及系主任签字同意后到系研究生秘书处办理备案手续。系秘书应于每学期末将延期名单报研究生院备案;延期至四年以外的,其延期申请须经研究生院审批。博士研究生的最长学习期限不能超过六年。2.少数学业优异、科研能力强,且学位论文质量高的博士生,在满足博士生应发表学术论文的要求后,可申请提前进行学位论文答辩,提前期限不得超过一年。若提前时间在半年以内,须事先提出申请报告,经导师和所在分评委员会同意,研究生院批准;若提前时间超过半年,则需在导师、分评委员会同意后,由研究生院安排两位同行专家对申请者的博士学位论文进行评审,并根据评审结果决定是否批准其提前进行答辩。专家评阅费由学生或导师承担。
演讲稿也叫演讲词,它是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场合发表的讲话文稿。下面是关于硕士毕业答辩演讲稿范例的内容,欢迎阅读! 各位老师: 大家好! 我叫xxx,我的毕业论文题目是《试论独立董事制度和小股东权益的保护》,毕业论文是在xxx导师的悉心指点下完成的,在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意,向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢,并对三年来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意。下面我将本论文写作的理论和现实意义及主要内容向各位老师作一汇报,恳请各位老师批评指导。 首先,我想谈谈为什么选这个题目及这篇文章的理论与现实意义。 本文写于新《公司法》起草期间,独立董事制度是否必要订于公司法及公司法应如何加强对小股东权益的保护问题,都是学界讨论热烈的课题。对独立董事的问题,有从独立董事的责任探讨的,有从独立董事制度的可行性探讨的,有从独立董事和监事会的功能协调方面探讨的等等。对小股东权益保护的问题,有从公司法对股东权保护完善方面探讨的,有从少数股东权在股东大会中行使和保护探讨的等等。但是对独立董事制度的根本宗旨即是保护小股东权益方面探讨的不是很多。本文主要采用归纳、比较与实证的方法,在独立董事制度和小股东权效力保护的内在联系方面作一些肤浅的探讨,为独立董事制度的法定化做一些呐喊,也就如何完善独立董事制度以保护小股东权益提一点意见。 笔者认为,在新《公司法》中确立独立董事制度,使该制度法定化,并完善该制度以保护小股东权益具有极其重要的理论和现实意义。大家都知道,一项好的法律制度也是生产力,能促进经济的增长,近一、二百年来,在世界经济的飞速增长中,公司制度起着至关重要的作用。而公司制度的基础是人民投资的热情,故股东特别是小股东的权益是否充分地得到保护关系到人民的投资热情并最终影响到经济繁荣。从国处的经验看,独立董事制度是保护小股东权益的有效手段,在我国特色下,如何引进独立董事制度、如何完善该制度保护小股东权益,以激励人民的投资热情对我国经济的持续健康发展意义重大。硕士毕业答辩演讲稿 近几十年的现代公司发展中,公司股份日益公众化、社会代、分散化,小股东因其在公司结构中所处的弱势地位,不仅要负担管理层机会主义行为的代理成本,还可能受到处于控制地位的大股东的侵害,保护小股东不受大股东与内部人滥用优势地位的损害是各国公司立法中共同面对的问题。与发达国家现代公司制度的形成更多地表现为自发性制度变迁过程不同,我国建立现代企业制度更多地表现为诱导性甚至强制性制度变迁过程。政府在推动国有企业公司代过程中起到举足轻重的作用。 表面上看,公司化改革轰轰烈烈,大批所谓现代公司被“生产”出来。但是实际上,这种政府主导的公司化改革不可避免地带来很多先天性的缺陷,表现在股权结构上国有股权一股独大,流通股本所占比重过小且高度分散。在这种股权结构下,大股东利用其控股权选出占董事会绝对多数董事,实际控制了董事会,董事会基本上成为大股东的代理人,股东大会实际上成为大股东会议或大股东控制下的董事会扩大会议,使小股东的权益更容易受到损害。同时,我国公司治理结构的缺陷、监事会的形同虚设、股东权利保护机制的欠缺,对受损害的小股东权益无从救济。因此我国穷尽一切措施,保护小股东权益,更具迫切的现实意义。 各个国家都在探索保护小股东权益的`途径,其中独立董事制度不妨是一种行之有效的方法。独立董事制度起源于20世纪30年代美国许多投资基金的失败,因关联交易、投资基金公司的自我监督不足,公司和小股东的权益受到损害,使小股东失去了他们的投资。鉴于管理者、大股东和小股东之间利益存在的冲突,为确保小股东权益得到保护,美国国会于1940年通过《投资公司法》,要求投资公司董事会至少有40%的成员为独立董事,独立董事作为一项制度开始正式出现。在此后多年的发展中,独立董事制度在小股东权益的保护上发挥着不可替代的作用。 独立董事制度于2001年,由证监会《关于在上市公司建立独立董事制度的指导意见》,以完善我国上市公司的治理结构和保护小股东利益为宗旨,正式引入我国。引入的这几年来,独立董事制度在保障了小股东的权益方面起了一定的作用,但是由于存在缺少法源基础、理论界对独立董事的作用认识不清定位不准、没给予足够的重视等问题,使我国上市公司的独立董事没有发挥好保护小股东权益的应有作用,更多的是在智囊与咨询方面发挥着积极的作用。理论界如何从独立董事制度是保护小股东权益的基石的高度定位该制度,并以应有的重视程度去研究完善该制度的措施,以促进立法界将该制度法定化,提升该制度的法阶效力,使该制度能在保护小股东权益上发挥应有的作用,具有重要的理论意义。 其次,我想谈谈这篇文章的结构和主要内容。 本文分成三个部分,第一部分从独立董事制度的起源(产生的目的)、独立董事的本质特征“独立性”的内涵、及独立董事在公司治理结构中的作用来阐述独立董事制度是保护小股东权益的基石,明确独立董事对小股东权益的保护不是直接的而是通过其监督功能,监督内部董事和管理层来发挥保护小股东权益作用的。 第二部分从我国上市公司“一股独大”的股权结构特点及我国特色的“内部人控制”来阐明我国上市公司的小股东权益更容易受到损害;从我国公司治理结构中关于监事会具体规定中存在的缺陷来阐明我国的公司治理结构对受损害的小股东权益无从救济;从而推论出我国上市公司引进独立董事制度来保护小股东权益的必要性。同时,在这部分也叙述了独立董事在我国的发展,指出我国独立董事在实践上走在了制度的前面。并阐述了我国目前的独立董事制度,虽然在规范上市公司运作、使决策民主化及加强上市公司监督方面发挥了一定的作用,在一定程度上保障了小股东的权益,但是由于存在对独立董事的作用认识不清定位不准、缺少法源基础、独立董事制度的推行没发挥企业的自身作用和市场力量、独立董事和监事会等机构的关系有待理顺、独立董事的责任和回报不相称、独立董事的独立性、知情权和工作时间得不到保证等问题,使我国上市公司的独立董事没有发挥好保护小股东权益的应有作用,更多的是在智囊与咨询方面发挥着积极的作用。 第三部分是笔者从完善独立董事制度以保护小股东权益的角度提出的若干建议。包括建立公正的提名机制、采用“累积投票制”、保障独立董事的独立性、增加独立董事人数以加强小股东的代言力度等措施从程序规制上确保独立董事真正代表小股东权益;通过加强独立董事的激励机制、保证独立董事的知情权、明确独立董事的法律责任等措施从实体规制上明确独立董事保护小股东权益的权利义务;通过整合独立董事与监事会的功能定位、改变国有股“一股独大”的格局、培育独立董事的人才市场等措施为独立董事保护小股东权益创造环境条件。 最后,我想谈谈这篇毕业论文存在的不足。 这篇文章的写作过程,也是我越来越认识到自己学识浅薄的过程。虽然,我尽可能地收集材,例如毕业论文样本,但是由于识识能力的不足,在理解上有诸多偏颇和浅薄的地方,有些观点是幼稚的;也由于理论功底的薄弱,存有不少逻辑不畅和辞不达意的问题;因时间的紧迫及自己的粗心,在找印上也存在一些误、漏。以上种种,垦请各位老师见谅。无论如何我将继续努力。
关于英语教育硕士毕业论文范文
引导语:关于英语教育硕士毕业论文范文,供英语教育硕士生借鉴与参考!
关于英语教育硕士毕业论文范文
基于研究生教育中医学英语教学方法的构建
1 讲解与本课相关的构词法
医学英语的关键在词汇, 主要是名词和形容词。名词和形容词由前缀、词根和后缀组成。因此, 若能熟练掌握一些与本课相关的前缀、词根和后缀, 那么许多长词、难词便迎刃而解。如讲授《大学公共医学英语》(上)中第4单元的Text B—HeartFailure时,可先讲解如下构词要素。词根有:( 1)“cardi- ”表示“心”, 如 electrocardiogram( 心电图) ;( 2)“myo- ”表示“肌”, 如cardiomyopathy( 心肌病) ;( 3)“steno- ”表示“狭窄”, 如 stenosis( 狭窄) ;( 4)“vaso- ”表示“血管”, 如 vasodilator( 血管舒张药) ;( 5)“aort- ”表示“主动脉”, 如 aortectomy( 主动脉部分切除术) ;( 6)“thromb( o) - ”表示“块, 血栓”, 如 thrombin( 凝血酶) 。前缀有:( 1)“brady- ”表示“慢, 迟钝”, 如 brandycardia( 心动过缓) ;( 2)“tachy- ”表示“快, 快速”, 如 tachycardia( 心动过速) 。后缀有:( 1)“- pathy”表示“疾病或疗法”, 如 hydropathy( 水疗法) ;( 2)“- gram”表 示“ 图 , 像 ”, 如 thermogram( 温 度 记 录 图) ;( 3)“-graph”表示“描计器”, 如 electrocardiograph( 心电描计器) 。对前、后缀及词根的讲解不宜过多, 最多占用 20 分钟, 否则学生会不不易接受。
2 阅读全文, 写出概要或分段总结
阅读是对新学词汇的复习, 在具体环境中, 学生可将词汇记得更准、更牢。读完之后要让学生写出概要或分段总结, 这样他们能进一步理解全文。这种方法有助于培养他们的速读能力。对研究生来说, 医学英语的学习重点在于阅读与翻译。一要能读懂外文文献( 尤其是英文文献) , 这样才能满足未来工作中对英语的需求; 二要能英汉互译一些文献, 这样才能精确地把别人的东西变成自己的, 同时也能把自己的东西译成英文, 供更多人查阅与参考, 从而有助于学术交流。而速读是读懂大意的最佳方法, 因此要培养学生这一良好的阅读习惯。另外, 写作也是研究生未来工作中必不可少的技能之一。梁正溜教授指出: 理解是输出的基础, 理解只有在输出中才能得到检验和修正。换言之, 只有读懂了, 才能写好; 而写的过程又是对全文再一次理解与修正的过程。通过这样的练习可有效培养学生的写作能力。
阅读有助于复习刚学到的词汇, 速读有助于掌握大意, 写作有助于再一次把握全文并为翻译打基础。
3 分组翻译, 互相学习
华仲乐教授指出: 表达空间创于课堂讨论之中, 这种讨论本身就是一种双方互动的交际, 负载大量参考信息, 帮助学生自我肯定、自我修订, 从而达到让学生在课堂中积极思维和参与的目的。仍以文中提到的“Heart Failure”一课为例, 让学生 4 人一组, 每组翻译一小段。分组翻译的优点很多:
( 1) 取长补短、相互学习。应届生英语基础往往比较扎实, 较长、较难的句子也能翻译出来; 而往届生则专业知识比较扎实。他们可以取长补短, 在讨论中相互学习, 同时也能增进彼此的了解, 使其学会合作。
( 2) 态度认真、精益求精。每组任务量都不大, 少而精, 锻炼了他们严格认真、精益求精的科学态度。( 3) 翻译技巧初步涉猎。翻译中教师要有意识地提醒学生注意某些翻译技巧, 如词义的处理、词性的转换、增译、省译、被动语态的翻译以及长句的处理等。总之, 分组翻译既可让学生练习翻译技巧, 学习语言知识和专业知识; 又可让其增进了解、学会合作。
4 教师点评, 共同促进
在规定时间内完成任务后, 每组派一名代表汇报他们的研究成果, 其他学生则注意听别人的翻译是否与自己的译文相符。汇报完后, 可先让其他组成员提出异议, 然后教师点评。教师点评时应注意以下几点:( 1) 注意翻译技巧。如词义的选择、词性的转换、增译、被动语态的翻译等。( 2) 注意某些常用医学词( 组) 的翻译。如上文提到的“Heart Failure”一课中, secondaryto 译成“继发于”, be associated with 译成“和...并发, 伴有...”。( 3) 注意某些专业术语的翻译。如 pressure overload 和 volumeoverload 分别译作“压力超负荷”和“容量超负荷”, prior myocar-dial infarction 译作“陈旧性梗死”, pulmonary capillary wedgepressure 译作“肺毛细血管楔压”。
5 精选练习, 巩固复习
本教材的优点之一是练习出得好, 尤其是 Text B 的练习,紧密结合所学知识, 能让学生在练习中巩固所学知识。如第 1题“answer the questions”, 有助于学生理解全文; 第 2 题“definethe terms”, 有助于学生练习口语表达; 第 3 题“phrases transla-tion”, 有助于学生复习所学专业词汇; 第 4 题“summary transla-tion”, 既锻炼了学生的汉译英技巧, 又进一步理解了全文, 且通过英汉互译进一步了解 2 种语言的差异。这些练习可以精选、也可以全做, 总的来说, 这些练习从阅读到翻译再到口语都有所涉猎。教师可充分利用课后练习, 有选择、有目的的专项或集中讲解, 以帮助学生巩固知识。综上所述, 这种教学模式可促进师生相互学习、取长补短,增进了师生间、学生间的相互了解, 最终达到教学目的。
参考文献:
[1]Dudley Evans, St John. Developments in English for Specific Purposes[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[2]黄和斌. 外语教学理论与实践[M]. 南京: 译林出版社, 2001.
[3]赵贵旺. 大学公共医学英语( 上) [M]. 北京: 人民军医出版社, 2006.
[4]梁正溜. 在英语教学中要注重输出[J]. 外语界, 1999, 76( 4) : 53.
[5]华仲乐, 梁正溜. 探索新世纪医学英语教学之路[J]. 外语界, 2001, 82
[知识拓展]
下文是教育类毕业论文经典参考范文
教育问题既是一个理论问题,又是一个实践问题。作为理论问题必然涉及教育目的、意义、思想等;作为实践问题又涉及如何实现教育的目的、意义和思想等。故此,两者的研究都离不开价值的视野。教育本身的行为就是一个价值的行为。关于教育价值问题的研究,我国学者起步较晚,而国外在18世纪就已经开始研究了。斯宾塞最早提出“什么知识最有价值”的问题;杜威将教育价值分为内在价值与工具价值,一个是个体意义,一个是社会功用。此后,人们又从文化价值观和哲学价值论等角度对该问题给予论述与研究。
一、教育是一种价值选择
教育和价值是两个不同的概念。教育是有目的性的,有目的必然有价值。价值又有物质和精神两个方面。教育与价值的逻辑体现在:1)教育与价值之间没有任何关系;2)教育的概念是基本的,价值的概念是根据教育的概念来界定的;3)价值的概念是基本的,教育的概念是根据价值概念来界定的;4)教育概念和价值概念都不能根据对方来界定自己。本文要研究的是教育价值,所以,主要讲先有教育,再有教育价值。王坤庆教授认为,价值在哲学的意义上是与事实相对应的一个概念。如果说事实主要是科学研究对象的话,那么,哲学则要回答价值的问题。引用李凯尔特(h.rickert)的话就是,世界是由现实和价值构成的,主体与客体是现实世界的一个部分,与这个部分相对的是价值的世界。教育的行为在每个有理性的人看来都会是价值的行为。教育价值是一种内涵于教育活动中“好”的属性,它客观地存在于教育现象之中。正因为教育是有价值的,所以,它自产生以来,一直是影响人类社会生活的重要方式。由于有了教育,人类文明才得以传承、创造和转化。教育价值在本质上反映的是一种积极的、向上的、肯定的和好的方面的含义。在教育实践中选择正确的教育价值,分析和克服负面和消极的教育价值是非常必要的.。
教育是一种价值选择,体现在作为社会实践主体的人的一种需要。按照价值主义的看法,价值是完全依赖于人的,是依赖于人的主观需求的。某一事物有价值,是因为人们追求它和需要它,因而价值主要取决于人的需求。教育有价值,是因为它能提高人的文化水平,使人获得谋生的技能,改变人们的生存环境和提高生活质量。值得注意的是,价值主观主义并不认为主观需求就是价值,而认为主观需求所指向的东西才有价值。教育只有在教育客体本身的知识内化以后,变成一种能力和水平,使客体能够获得他所想要的东西时,才能体现价值。可见,教育价值的体现一般要满足三个条件,即教育对象对客体的有用性;教育对客体具有一定的目的性;客体对事物有用性所具有的欲望或者说偏好。
教育是一种价值选择,教育的行为对某种价值的取向,都是价值观作用于人的结果。人们对某个问题的态度、看法、认识也是受教育水平不同而不同的。换句话说,就是不同的人价值观不同。教育价值观有正确和错误之分。教育是一种以正确价值观为基础的价值选择,教育的价值选择是主体对客体的一种行为过程。在这一过程中,人的需要不断得到满足,客体的属性不断得到认识和改造,主体和客体在教育实践活动中趋于一致,并向积极的、肯定的和完善的方向发展,使人类社会不断趋向于文明和进步。
二、目的价值和工具价值
自从人类主动地办教育和受教育以来,教育就自然地被工具化了。社会、个人都是要通过教育,追寻教育以外的利益,并认为教育存在本身就是一种价值。“建国君民,教学为先”、“教育救国”、“科教兴国”、“经济要发展,教育要先行”之类的说法,反映了社会始终是把教育定位为一种工具,其逻辑推论是:“如果教育对于经济发展没有用处,国家、社会是不可能热心办教育的。对于个人来说,教育的意义也无外乎工具。”[1]21~22由此可见,教育价值是目的实现的工具。其实任何教育都有两种价值,教育价值也不例外。教育价值主要是理论研究的内容,旨在判断教育活动有哪些价值以及如何去追求和实现这些价值,以此形成一种有逻辑联系和基本概念的理论体系。我认为,教育价值还有一个是满足人生存和发展的价值,是基本的目的价值。工具价值是教育活动的一种类型,是人们在正确的教育价值观的引导下所从事的教育实践活动的一种称谓。目的价值和工具价值构成两个不同的价值领域,但都离不开哲学观的指导。从历史的发展来看,西方的价值教育是由于哲学上人们反对唯科学主义、倡导维护人的尊严和个性的一种教育应对。教育的目的价值和工具价值的关系是密切的,教育是主体价值取向的价值选择,教育的主体是人,而人的需求指向肯定是有目的的和需要工具的。人对一个事物有目的,那么就要有实现此目的的工具。中国有句古话,“临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网”,就是反映目的与工具的关系。因而,目的和工具对人也是有价值的。教育具有目的价值的同时也具有工具价值,因此,可以说,教育价值具有双重性。教育作为人的基本需求,既是目的,又是工具;既有目的价值,也有工具价值。目的价值和工具价值的主客体有时是统一的,有时又是分离的。作为个体本身的目的价值和工具价值的主体和客体是一致,作为主体对客体实施教育时,主体更关注的是目的价值,而客体为实现主体对自己的要求,必然要采取相应的办法和工具,因此客体更关注工具价值。从目的和工具来考察教育,不仅能提高教育的效益,也会使我们的教育偏向好的方面。也就是说,目的正确,工具未必正确;目的不正确,工具有可能就不正确,即使正确也达不到正确的目的。当然,目的和实现此目的的工具也是相对的,目的有正当与不正当之分,不正当的目的谈不上有教育价值,只有正当的目的才有目的的价值。实现目的的工具既有一个合理性的问题,也有一个合法性的问题,目的不能约束工具的合理和合法性,但是它们之间也是有内在联系的。
三、教育价值的主要体现
1.教育的个体价值
教育是个体在社会生活中自我实现的基本需要。个体有自己的理想、愿景、志向和态度;个体与社会相融,适应社会生活发展的要求,希望不断提高自己的生存质量和社会地位。个体社会化的过程其实就是自我实现的实践过程。自我实现的实践过程导致个体必须学习知识和获得技能,接受教育。个体的自身发展、自我完善和自我展示的结果就是个体教育价值的体现。个体教育价值与其自身和环境以及文化背景相联系,这就涉及个体教育价值的意义问题。不同的个体教育价值所体现的意义不同。从哲学关于人性论的基本范畴看,古今中外学者论人性,基本上是沿着善与恶的价值思路去探讨的。因此,我非常赞成卢梭的教育观,认为,人是唯一需要教育的动物,人只有通过教育才能成为人,教育对于人来说,是人性拓展和升华的天梯和大道。人性论认为,人性应有三个属性,即自然性、社会性和精神性,精神性对于人的全面发展更为重要。一个人不断地向精神世界发展和提升的时候,他才可能更像一个人,才有可能在自主活动中更全面地占有自己的本质。精神的富有永远超越于物质的富有,精神上的快乐与幸福永远高于物质上的快乐与幸福,由此可见,个体教育价值体现的核心是精神。作为个体的人,他有自己的思想和观点,这些思想和观点的价值取向受个体所处的环境和文化等诸多因素的影响,而正确的思想和观点离不开教育。中国的传统教育关注的就是道德和气节的养成;而国外个体的教育追求就与我们不同。所以说,个体的教育价值是个体教育价值观实现的途径。
2.教育的社会价值
个体不能孤立于社会,个体的教育价值离不开教育的社会价值。一个人通过教育,获得知识,掌握了一定的技能,也同时获得了知识中的功利价值和认知价值。如果没有正确的社会价值来指导,这些东西可能是个体作为向社会和他人讨价还价的资本,一旦在某些方面满足不了其私欲,则可能因反社会、反精神文化而堕落。因此,个体教育价值应是教育社会价值的体现,个体的教育价值应统一于教育的社会价值,只有社会价值内化于个体价值,才能促使个体价值观的形成。著名数学家苏步青认为,读书,不仅是要摆脱个人困境,更是要拯救中国广大的苦难民众;读书,不仅是为了个人找出路,更是为中华民族求新生。为此,他立下“读书不忘救国,救国不忘读书”的雄心壮志,他实现了个人的教育价值和社会价值的统一。
3.教育的文化价值
以斯普兰格(e.pranger)、李特(t.litt)为代表的“文化教育”学派,倡导教育中的文化价值。科学技术发展,使人们更关注物质和科学精神的养成,忽视人文精神的重要性,导致文化价值的沦落。从20世纪80年代起,人们开始觉醒,进而结束了科学与人文的对垒与分野,使人文主义价值论的研究又重新回到教育哲学的研究视野中。如果一种文化能够推动教育进步,那么它就是先进的;否则,就是落后的。马克思主义告诉我们,一种文化是否值得支持和提倡,要看它能否科学地反映、体现教育的规律和发展趋势。教育的文化价值观应当是,大力发展先进文化,支持健康有益的文化;努力改造落后的文化;坚决抵制腐朽的文化。一个国家、一个民族不能没有自己的文化,没有文化的民族是注定要衰落的。优秀的文化不仅能陶冶人的情操,形成人的意志品德,焕发精神,凝聚人心,促使文化价值的实现;而且正确的文化价值观能使优秀的文化不断创新,不断进步,不断适应社会生活发展的需要。
当然,教育价值中的个体价值、社会价值、文化价值只是它的主要方面,关于教育价值表现形式还有很多方面。随着研究的深入,人们对教育价值一定会有更全更新的认识。
英语毕业的论文答辩稿(精选6篇)
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩,在举行答辩会前,校方、答辩委员会、答辩者(撰写毕业论文的作者)三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿(精选6篇),欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is prof.xxx. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好,所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST,主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx,我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导,近一年的辛苦工作,我已经完成了我的论文。最后,这是展示时间。今天晚上,我将向大家致以衷心的感谢,我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事,我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女,更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解,帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心,并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来,我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论,哥特式传统,哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者,指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述,对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究,并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表,即死亡主题,独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因,详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因:父权制的压迫,南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后,在结论中,笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理,再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的,就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 !
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.ok! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.OK! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Li.With his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Every season has its beautiful views in south china. For me, I love spring.
Firstly, spring can make lives alive. spring is beautiful and green, the leaves turn to be green suddenly and the rain will visit my hometown from time to time. Grass extend his head out of the ground, the willow sends out green bud, the river burst into song. In spring, The sky is very blue, the cloud is white, and the air is fresh. The Spring is evident everywhere. Spring make me feel happy. In spring, the weather is always sunny and warm, usually I go travelling, sometimes I go hiking and climb mountains, I like spring .
secondly, the spring is a start for the whole year. People always make some conclusion of the last year and plan their goals for the coming year in the spring and start to try hard for them.
每个季节都有它美丽的观点在中国南方。对我来说,我爱春天。
首先,春天可以使生活活着。春天是美丽的和绿色的,绿色的叶子变雨突然将访问我的家乡的时候。草扩展他的头从地上,柳树发出绿芽,放声歌唱。在春天,天空很蓝,云是白的,空气是新鲜的。春天到处都是显而易见的。春天让我感到快乐。在春天,天气总是阳光明媚,天气温暖,我通常去旅游,有时我去远足和爬山,我喜欢春天。
其次,春天是开始全年。人们总是做去年的一些结论,计划他们的目标对来年的春天,开始努力。
We students are the builders and masters of the country. It is important for us to know how to be a good student .As far as I think, there are many important traits, the traits like this:
Nowadays,Some students may have wrong ideas of what a good student is. they think a good student should study all the subjects well and listen to the teachers all the time, but actually these ones don't care about anything except study.
Firstly, we must have clear world values. We must knows what we should do and what we shouldn't do.
Secondly, a good students should learn as much as possible. So a good student always tries to learn from both text-books and other books. Besides reading, doing some sports and manual works. however, we can’t always study alone, sometimes you need a discussion, don’t forget to work hard with your friends, it will be great help to you.
Thirdly, a strong character and will-power are also need. Because we have troubles every day. How to face the difficulties in study and our lives is very important. A good student won't be afraid of difficulties, we'll always try our best, we will never give up.
In short, let us try our best to become a good student!
我们学生是这个国家的建设者和大师。对我们来说是很重要的知道如何成为一个好学生。我认为,有许多重要的特征,特征是这样的:
如今,一些学生可能有错误的想法什么是一个好学生。他们认为一个好学生应该学好所有的科目,听老师的,但实际上这些人不关心除了学习。
首先,我们必须有明确的世界价值观。我们必须知道我们应该做什么,我们不应该做什么。
其次,一个好的学生应该学习尽可能多。所以一个好学生总是试图从教科书和其他书籍。除了阅读,做一些运动和手工作品。然而,我们不能总是独自学习,有时候你需要一个讨论,不要忘记努力工作和你的朋友,这将是很大的帮助。
第三,一个坚强的性格和意志力也是需要的。因为我们每天都麻烦。如何面对困难的学习和我们的生活是非常重要的。一个好学生不会害怕困难,我们总是会尽最大努力,我们永远不会放弃。
简而言之,让我们尽力成为一个好学生!
演讲者把演讲的主要内容和层次结构,按照提纲形式写出来,借助它进行演讲,而不必一字一句写成演讲。其特点是能避免照读式演讲和背诵式演讲与听众思想感情缺乏交流的不足。
英语演讲稿格式
1)开始时对听众的称呼语最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen,也可根据不同情况,选用Fellow students,Distinguished guests,MrChairman,Honorable Judges(评委)等等。
2)提出论题由于演讲的时间限制,必须开门见山,提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样,但最生动,最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如:你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子,你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外,用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法,比如:你要谈遵守交通规则的话题,你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
3)论证对提出的论题,不可主观地妄下结论,而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等,可参见英语议论文的有关章节。
4)结论结论要简明扼要,以给听众留下深刻印象。
5)结尾结尾要简洁,不要拉拉扯扯,说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响,说些类似准备不足,请谅解,请批评指正这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是:Thank you very much for your attention。
英语演讲稿范文篇一
my name is xie tianyuan. i am 17 years old. my birthday is jan. 1st . it’s just new year’s day. i come from id 13, grade 2 of junan no. 1 senior high school.
i am a cheerful teenager,so my hobbies is extensive. in my spare time i like playing table tennis and soccer.after school, i like to surf the internet or listen to music. i also will put into the reading to enrich my knowledge, in order to understand the world. i like reading and i often borrow books from the school library. i enjoy reading books because the books can make me happy and sunny every day.
then i will say sth. about my family. there are three people in my family,my mother,father and me. my father is a strict but kind man. he always puts his own heart on his business. my mother is a teacher. she does pretty well. no matter what they do, or how busy they are, they always give me their deep love. i love them, too.
as long as you work hard,there will be a harvest. this is my motto. i’ll follow this path and study hard.
that’s all. thank you.
英语演讲稿范文篇二
My name is Dongqi Yang from china, I am horror to be here today and I am very happy to receive this award.
As you can imagine, as international students in Australia, the biggest challenge is English,
I remembered that when I come here first time, there is a party in the house of my home stay. During the time, they played jokes and they laughed all the time, do you know how embarrassed that is, everyone laughed except you. So I pretend to understand the joke in another party, I saw everyone laugh and I laugh too in 5 seconds later. My home stay was surprised about that and asked me do you understand?, and I answered no, So why do you laugh? because I do not want to be embarrassed!
But as I receive this award today, I want to thank to them, because they encourage me to be involved with the committee rather than staying in at home, play computer and speak Chinese.
When I came to Wantirna College first time, I met liz collar who is international student coordinator. She is very kind to me, and she encourage me join SRC, I went to SRC meetings regularly all the time, but I didn’t even know what SRC was! That is the reason why I told her, I don’t want to go to SRC anymore. But she said why not? You should go and you have to go!I asked why? she said: because I said so!
But as ii receive this award today, I want to thank her. She helps me a lot.
Truth be told, I am not the best student in Wantirna College, but I appreciate this award and I will try my best in future.
I think I got 10 seconds left, I want to thank to Les and Vera who is my lovely home stay, thanks to Liz collar who is international student coordinator, I strongly want to thank to my mother, because she support me and gave me the opportunity to come to Australia. And thanks to Wantinran College, thanks to Australia and finally, thanks to everyone to be here tonight.
Have a great night.
英语演讲稿范文篇三
First thing first, I gotta say,wow,it's funny thing to be given a chance like that.Trurh be told,I really got a little bit nervous before I stand right here ,so called 'stage fright'.If you look specifically on me .You may find my hands shaking,pretty assembles the guy who suffered from Pakinson's disease,and legs wobbling ,like I caught so-called ball leg. Okay,let's stop going around the bush and get back to my topic today.I really like to talk a funny story I have just heard.
A lady called Lucy emigrated to United States several years ago.Her spoken English is not that fluent .And one day,she is just sitting on the couch with his U.S friends Mandy watching Sit-Com.A noise of bump had the attention of Mandy,which led her to go out of the house trying to figure out what had happened.Can you imagine that Mandy go straight out with merely a sweater.So Lucy shouted at her,Lucy ,turn your clothes on. What suprised her most,beyond her wildest imagination, is that almost all the male in this country took their head out of the window.Admittedly,Lucy made a mistake here .The word spitted means Mandy is totally naked to the reason that male looked out of the window.The right sentence shall be,put your clothing on.The story inspires you to take a careful look on the vast difference between eastern and western culture.
That's full of it,thank you for your time!
英语演讲稿范文篇四
I am glad to be here to share my opinions with all of you. My topic today is about Internet.
With the development of technology, more and more people are fond of using Internet. It is particularly popular among young people. Just like the coin has two sides, internet also has its own advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, the Internet has brought people great convenience in getting information, entertainment and contact with each other. As for our students, it is a useful tool when we meet problems. When we are tired, a piece of light music will help us relax. If we have free time, we can enjoy movies or interesting cartoons. What’s more, we can also watch live programs on the internet or see it later if we are not available at that time.
But there is also bad influence. Some of the young teenagers are addicted to computer games, and some even play games all night. Because of lacking in sleep, those students can not focus on in the class . As a result, they may fail in the exam. When they realize it is wrong to spend too much time playing games, it’s already too late.
I have remembered such a piece of news . An excellent student flunked (考试不及格) because he could not concentrate on his study for being too indulged in computer games. He spent nearly all the money on games, which was earned by his father's selling blood. When his father knelt down to beg him to return to school, he was too numb to show any regret.
The most serious harm of computer games come from their contents, which affects teenagers ' mental health. Many games involve violence, such as fighting and killing. When they enjoy the pleasure of success, a violent turn of mind is developed and rooted in them, which may induce future violent behaviour in their life.
So when computers' entertaining function is highly spoken of ,such a problem does deserve our serious concern.
In addition, long time's working before computer also does harm to health. The radiation from the computer can arose many uncomfortable feelings., like a headache, poor eyesight.
At last, people who are fond of making friends on line should also be careful. Many convicts use Internet as a way to cheat. Although it has many disadvantages , Internet has become an indispensable part of people's life in recent years. In my point of view, it’s wrong to blame Internet itself, it’s all depend on the way we use it. If we use it in a right way, it can be one of the best friends in our life.
That 's all , thank you !
英语演讲稿范文篇五
On a beautiful winter day, I happened to meet the lovely spirit------
Black Faced Spoonbill, a type of migratory bird, which spends winter at Hong-Shu-Lin in my city every year. Covered with snow-white feathers, it has black legs and a black beak. Besides the blacks and whites, an amazing splash of yellow is under its neck. So elegant that I couldn’t help loving it at first sight.
With a big and spoon-shaped beak, it can clasp fishes easily, which makes it a powerful hunter in birds.
Like the eleven swan princes in Andersen’s Fairy Tale, the Black Faced Spoonbills have always been struggling to find a tiny rock which can offer them a momentary tranquility. Fortunately, they have found one in my beloved home. I would always hold them dearly to my heart and wish they would return with flocks of chicks in the following years, and singing
Oh, I have a home, such a beautiful home, where I play and rest happily.
Oh, give them a home, such a wonderful home, where the spoonbills play all day.
Thank you very much.
具体如下:
hello everyone!
大家好!
The title of my speech is "happy to see life, smile to welcome life".
我演讲的题目是《乐看人生,笑迎生活》。
In the journey of life, we often encounter setbacks and failures and fall into all kinds of unexpected difficulties. At this time, please don't feel inferior and don't easily say: I can't do it. We should treat life with a positive and optimistic attitude, have the courage to cheer ourselves up and say to ourselves: great.
在人生的旅途中,我们常常会遇到这样那样的挫折和失败,陷入各种意料之外的困境之中,这时,请不要自卑,不要轻易就说:我不行了。要以积极乐观的态度对待人生,勇于给自己鼓劲,敢于对自己说:太好了。
There is such a story that the father's son's grades were mediocre and the family was "in constant war" all day. In the sound of scolding, his son's grades fell again and again, and finally became the penultimate first.
有这样一个故事,父亲因儿子成绩平平,家中整日“战火不断”,在打骂声中,儿子的成绩一落再落,最终成了倒数第一名。
My father thought, it's no use beating and scolding anyway. Just try a different attitude. So he looked at his son's test paper and said with a smile, "great, really great!" The son was surprised. The father said, "you think, a person who runs last doesn't have to worry that others will surpass him, but as long as you work hard, you will surpass others."
父亲想,反正打骂没用,干脆换一种心态试试。于是,他看着儿子的试卷笑着说:“太好了,真是太好了!”儿子吃了一惊,父亲说:“你想,一个跑在最后的人,不必担心别人会超过自己,而只要你一努力就一定能超过别人。”
After hearing this, his son suddenly realized that he worked very hard in his future study. After several exams, his son's grades rose to the top. From this story to see our study, we should be inspired: the exam is not ideal, depressed, we might as well say "great!" Because the exam points out our weakness in study and tells us the direction of our efforts.
儿子听了,恍然大悟,以后的学习,他特别努力,几次考试后,儿子的成绩升到了前几名。从这个故事看我们的学习,我们应从中受到启发:考试不理想,沮丧中,我们也不妨来一句“太好了!”因为考试指出了我们学习中的弱点,告诉了我们努力的方向。
It's better to find problems now than to stumble and wake up in the middle school entrance examination. Failure put an end to yesterday, a new life begins here, and success takes off from here.
现在发现问题总比中考时栽跟头再醒悟要好得多呀。失败为昨天画上了句号,新的生活从这里开始,成功从这里起飞。
Let's say "great" to ourselves in the face of setbacks. For us growing up, ups and downs are nutrition, and setbacks are the best university in life. Let's say "great" to ourselves when facing difficulties. In overcoming difficulties, we continue to mature.
让我们在面对挫折时对自己说“太好了”对于成长中的我们,酸甜苦辣都是营养,挫折是人生最好的大学。让我们在面对困难时,对自己说“太好了”在克服困难中,我们不断成熟。
As long as we are worthy of ourselves and our parents, let us treat our study and life with an optimistic attitude, constantly strive to forge ahead and write a brilliant movement of life!
只要我们无愧于自己,无愧于父辈,让我们以乐观的态度对待我们的学习和生活,不断努力进取,谱写人生灿烂的乐章!
Thank you!
谢谢大家!
I Love English As everyone knows,English is very important today.It has been used everywhere in the world.It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade.If we can speak English well,we will have more chance to succeed.Because more and more people have taken notice of it,the number of the people who go to learn English has increased at a high speed.But for myself,I learn English not only because of its importance and its usefulness,but also because of my love for it.When I learn English,I can feel a different way of thinking which gives me more room to touch the world.When I read English novels,I can feel the pleasure from the book which is different from reading the translation.When I speak English,I can feel the confident from my words.When I write English,I can see the beauty which is not the same as our Chinese...I love English,it gives me a colorful dream.I hope I can travel around the world one day.With my good English,I can make friends with many people from different contries.I can see many places of great intrests.I dream that I can go to London,because it is the birth place of English.I also want to use my good English to introduce our great places to the English spoken people,I hope that they can love our country like us.I know,Rome was not built in a day.I believe that after continuous hard study,one day I can speak English very well.If you want to be loved,you should learn to love and be lovable.So I believe as I love English everyday ,it will love me too.I am sure that I will realize my dream one day!Thank you!亲爱的老师,同学们:我很高兴可以在这个课堂上做一次演讲.这一次,我想谈谈英语.我的话题是我爱英语.正如每个人所知,英语在今天十分重要.它已经被应用到世界的各个角落.它已经成为商业上最为通用的一门语言并广泛的用于国际贸易.如果我们能说好英语,我们就有更多的机会成功.因为越来越多的人注意到这一点,学英语的人数正在已很高的速度增长.但是对我而言,我学英语不仅仅因为它的重要性以及它的实用性,更是因为我喜爱英语.当我学英语时,我可以体会到一种不同的思维方式,它可以给我更多接触世界的空间.当我读英语小说时,我能感受到不同于阅读翻译文的快乐.当我说英语时,我可以感到自信.当我写英语时,我能够感到不同于汉语的那种美…… 我爱英语,它给了我一个色彩斑斓的梦.我希望有朝一日我可以畅游世界,用我流利的英语,我可以和世界各地的人交友.我能看到许多的名胜.我希望我能够到伦敦去,因为那里是英语的故乡.我也希望用我流利的英语来将我们的名胜介绍给说英语的朋友,我希望他们可以像我们一样的爱我们的国家.我知道,罗马不是一天筑成的.(成功需要日积月累.)我相信在持续不断的努力学习下,总有一天我可以拥有一口流利的英语.如果你想被爱,你就应该学着去爱他人.所以我相信我对英语的爱定将换来它对我的爱.我相信总有一天我会实现我的梦!
点拨:演讲稿是在一定的场合,面对一定的听众,演讲人围绕着主题讲话的文稿。在日新月异的现代社会中,很多地方都会使用到演讲稿Boys and girls/L adies and gentlemen,It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.(表示荣幸)My name is____ .( 自我介绍)The topic of my speech is____ ( 提出演讲主题)To begin with,many people suggest that____ ( 话题或现象列举)Secondly,___ . Thirdly, ____ .What I want to stress is that____ .(重 申主题)Forone thing, ____. For another,__Besides,____. (原 因或重要性列举)In a word,_.(总结)Thank you for your listening/ Thank you.范文:Ladies and gentlemen, I’m very glad to make a speech here. today my topic is “I love you, China.”Since the day I was born, I began to have a proud name—Chinese. Since the day I began to talk, the most beautiful sentence I’ve ever learnt has been “i love you,China!”I love you, China, and i’m so proud of being a Chinese. I’m proud that I’ve got the beautiful yellow skin, black eyes and black hair. I’m also proud that I speak the most beautiful language in the world—Chinese.翻译:女士们,先生们,我很高兴在这里发表演讲。今天我演讲的题目是“我爱你,中国”。从我出生的那天起我就有了一个骄傲的名字——中国人。自从我开始说话的那一天起,我学到的最美的句子就是“我爱你,中国!”我爱你,中国,我为自己是一个中国人而骄傲。我很自豪我有美丽的黄皮肤,黑眼睛和黑头发。我也很自豪,因为我会说世界上最美的语言——汉语。
问题一:在期刊上发表了论文用英语怎么说 在期刊上发表了论文 Published a paper in the Journal ――――――――――――――――― 您好,用心、细心为您答疑解惑; 如果本题还有什么不明白可以追问,如果满意请记得采纳; 如果有其他问题请采纳本题后,请指向我的图像点击向我求助!答题不易,请谅解,谢谢。 ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――祝您生活愉快! 问题二:发表论文用英语怎么说 推荐用一般过去式(时) I published the paper/article/essay(推荐前2者) entitled(提名为) *** in the journal/periodical(2选1) ***. 其中,两部分***都需斜体表示(张伶俐无法显示) 供参 问题三:发表用英语怎么说 要看发表后面接的是什么 发表文章 publish an article 发表意见express an opinion 发表演讲 deliver a speech 问题四:我想问一下,毕业论文后面写的已发表论文,状态里面,英文怎么表达?比如Accepted 等等。 10分 submitted: 就是这篇文章已经提交给期刊,但还没有得到任何答复,还完全有被拒收的可能; under review: 就是文章进入评审阶段,一般提交给期刊的文章先要经过期刊助手对文章结构,字数等技术性检查,合格的话才送交主编,由主编邀请评审专家初审。under review 表明主编已经将论文送审了,结果仍未知; major revision: 文章需要大改,一般情况下如果(2-3位中)1位评审专家对文章提出一些尖锐、负面的意见,而另几位的意见比较正面,则主编往往会要求作者进行大改动;至此,文章还是有被接受的可能,但要看改动后的文章是否让评审专家或主编满意; minor revision: 小改动,至此文章被接受的可能已经达90%,只需要对文中小的差错进行修改即可接受; accepted:完全接受,但离出版印刷发行还有段时间; early online (or online ready):已经完全定型的文章还需要排队印刷发行,这个过程有的期刊会很长,1-2年,early online 或 online ready 就是先将文章在网上发布出来,供读者阅读。这时的文章 doi 号码已经有,也可以引用,但还没有正式的卷号,期号及页码; published: 最后印刷出版了 问题五:以第一作者发表sci论文用英文怎么说 毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节,也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果,培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专业知识和技能解决较为复杂问题的能力并使他们受到科学研究的基本训练。 标题 标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题,样式繁多,但无论是何种形式,总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。 总标题 总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有: ①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题,高度概括全文内容,往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性,便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多,也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。 ②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式,隐去要回答的内容,实际上作者的观点是十分明确的,只不过语意婉转,需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄,轻易激起读者的注重。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。 ③交代内容范围。这种形式的标题,从其本身的角度看,看不出作者所指的观点,只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题,一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳;另一方面,交代文章内容的范围,可引起同仁读者的注重,以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中心和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。 ④用判定句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定,可伸可缩,具有很大的灵活性。文章研究对象是具体的,面较小,但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性,面较宽。这种从小处着眼,大处着手的标题,有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。 问题六:每天发表多少篇文章合适,用英语怎么说? How many posts to be published every day would be right?川How many messages to be posted every day would be right? How many articles to be posted every day would be right? 问题七:"论文"用英语怎么说 论文(Paper) 或:dissertation(论文) 或:thesis(论文) 经常说的:)~ English dissertation(英语论文) Graduation thesis(毕业论文) 问题八:“你的文章什么时候发表的”用英语翻译 你的文章什么时候发表的 When did your article publish 问题九:英语翻译或者说,文章发表,该怎样翻合适呢?publish post carried 文章发表: publish / release /submit an article
Everybody is good!Today I will be the theme of the speech is "do not forget national humiliation, the revitalization of the Chinese".The Yellow River Yangtze river pentium thousands of miles, that is China! Has a long history in the ancient text, tang poetry from generation to generation, that is China! The beauty of the plateau, the vast basin of xinjiang, that is China!I ahead in China, I watched an eagle with wings, I watched the shining star! This is my mother, China.But, I think, the prosperity of the motherland, and from whatever tribulations after vicissitudes of life to come out of...The nanjing massacre, the earth's body, our heart is in pain; The ruins of yuanmingyuan, clouds of fire, our tears in the flow. But our country did not sink, brawny arms into cradle, and raise the roll up with generous hand Chinese alpine silk; With hard work, moistens the earth. MAO zedong, a generation of leaders to support the nation's flesh and blood; Deng xiaoping, guide disaster country moves towards magnificently. Qian xuesen, the power of the development of science; He, the hope of education development.The motherland growing, growing. Color of skin of the motherland to me, give me wisdom and courage of the motherland, with the wave of reform, and break through the old beam, a new powerful sunrise! Oriental giant, he stood up!When I see the motherland's noble and lofty, after I see China's flourishing and prosperity, when I see the neon lights flashing, day and night can is if the Milky Way...Look like a swift horse hardships of transcendence, day and night! Fireworks cangmang, thousand sails to compete sends, to win the motherland; Peaks prance, Mercedes, plain river always motherland. We will proud to shout out: "the great motherland, I love you!"This is a used new country; This is a devoted the motherland; This is an increasingly powerful motherland! "An inch of educational figure of patriotism, two lines of clear tears for festive".Fly, my motherland!My speech to this end, thank you!大家好!今天我要演讲的主题是《勿忘国耻,振兴中华》。黄河长江奔腾万里,那是中国!古老文字源远流长,唐诗宋词代代相传,那是中国!青藏美丽的高原,新疆辽阔的盆地,那是中国!我遥望神州大地,我遥望展翅雄鹰,我遥望那一颗闪耀的红星!这就是我的母亲——中国。但,我想,那个繁荣昌盛的祖国,也是从重重磨难中历经沧桑走出来的……南京大屠杀,遍地的尸体,我们的心在痛;圆明园的废墟上,团团烈火,我们的泪在流。但我们的祖国没有沉没,把粗壮的臂膀变成摇篮,抚养着炎黄子孙用宽厚的手掌挽起高山秀水;用辛勤的汗水滋润着大地。毛泽东,一代领袖支撑着民族的血肉;邓小平,指引多灾的祖国走向辉煌。钱学森,科学发展的动力;季羡林,教育发展的希望。祖国日渐强大,日渐辉煌。给我肤色的祖国,给我智慧与胆略的祖国,有改革的浪潮迭起,冲破旧的束搏,迎来新世纪磅礴的日出!东方巨人,他,站起来了!待我看祖国的崇高与巍峨,待我看祖国的繁荣与富强,待我看那霓虹灯日夜闪烁,灿若银河……千里马般日夜兼程的超越,看啊!烟花苍茫,千帆竞发,百舸争流的祖国;群峰腾跃,平原奔驰,长河扬鞭的祖国。我们要自豪地喊出:“伟大的祖国,我爱你!”这是个除旧迎新的祖国;这是个前赴后继的祖国;这是个日渐强大的祖国!“一寸丹心图报国,两行清泪为思亲”。飞翔吧,我的祖国!我的演讲到此结束,谢谢大家!
具体如下:
hello everyone!
大家好!
The title of my speech is "happy to see life, smile to welcome life".
我演讲的题目是《乐看人生,笑迎生活》。
In the journey of life, we often encounter setbacks and failures and fall into all kinds of unexpected difficulties. At this time, please don't feel inferior and don't easily say: I can't do it. We should treat life with a positive and optimistic attitude, have the courage to cheer ourselves up and say to ourselves: great.
在人生的旅途中,我们常常会遇到这样那样的挫折和失败,陷入各种意料之外的困境之中,这时,请不要自卑,不要轻易就说:我不行了。要以积极乐观的态度对待人生,勇于给自己鼓劲,敢于对自己说:太好了。
There is such a story that the father's son's grades were mediocre and the family was "in constant war" all day. In the sound of scolding, his son's grades fell again and again, and finally became the penultimate first.
有这样一个故事,父亲因儿子成绩平平,家中整日“战火不断”,在打骂声中,儿子的成绩一落再落,最终成了倒数第一名。
My father thought, it's no use beating and scolding anyway. Just try a different attitude. So he looked at his son's test paper and said with a smile, "great, really great!" The son was surprised. The father said, "you think, a person who runs last doesn't have to worry that others will surpass him, but as long as you work hard, you will surpass others."
父亲想,反正打骂没用,干脆换一种心态试试。于是,他看着儿子的试卷笑着说:“太好了,真是太好了!”儿子吃了一惊,父亲说:“你想,一个跑在最后的人,不必担心别人会超过自己,而只要你一努力就一定能超过别人。”
After hearing this, his son suddenly realized that he worked very hard in his future study. After several exams, his son's grades rose to the top. From this story to see our study, we should be inspired: the exam is not ideal, depressed, we might as well say "great!" Because the exam points out our weakness in study and tells us the direction of our efforts.
儿子听了,恍然大悟,以后的学习,他特别努力,几次考试后,儿子的成绩升到了前几名。从这个故事看我们的学习,我们应从中受到启发:考试不理想,沮丧中,我们也不妨来一句“太好了!”因为考试指出了我们学习中的弱点,告诉了我们努力的方向。
It's better to find problems now than to stumble and wake up in the middle school entrance examination. Failure put an end to yesterday, a new life begins here, and success takes off from here.
现在发现问题总比中考时栽跟头再醒悟要好得多呀。失败为昨天画上了句号,新的生活从这里开始,成功从这里起飞。
Let's say "great" to ourselves in the face of setbacks. For us growing up, ups and downs are nutrition, and setbacks are the best university in life. Let's say "great" to ourselves when facing difficulties. In overcoming difficulties, we continue to mature.
让我们在面对挫折时对自己说“太好了”对于成长中的我们,酸甜苦辣都是营养,挫折是人生最好的大学。让我们在面对困难时,对自己说“太好了”在克服困难中,我们不断成熟。
As long as we are worthy of ourselves and our parents, let us treat our study and life with an optimistic attitude, constantly strive to forge ahead and write a brilliant movement of life!
只要我们无愧于自己,无愧于父辈,让我们以乐观的态度对待我们的学习和生活,不断努力进取,谱写人生灿烂的乐章!
Thank you!
谢谢大家!