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高中英语论文格式范文

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高中英语论文格式范文

由于英语作文考查的是学生词汇、语法、句式等各种知识的掌握情况,因此学生要写好英语作文,就必须全面掌握英语知识。下面,是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文模板,希望对你有帮助!

第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论:

第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文:

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is

that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论:

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ 3.观点论述类议论文模板: 导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文:

第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文:

第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构) 4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

有很多的同学在写英语 作文 的时候,也会写一些经典的议论文,我整理了相关范文,希望会对大家有所帮助!

英语作文范文带中文翻译

Manyyearsago,themovieabouttheyouthbecameverypopular,everyyear,wecanseemanyhotmoviesabouttheprotagonist’’youthareaboutfighting,’intention,’syouth,forwhichtheydon’.

【翻译】很多年以前,关于青春的电影很受欢迎,此后每年,我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。人们喜欢回忆他们逝去的青春,这才是让这类电影好卖的原因。但是我发现了这些电影的共同点,那就是所有的主人公的青春都是关于大家,恋爱和其他消极的东西。我明白导演们的意图,他们想要告诉人们青春是不完美的,存在遗憾。当然电影是夸张化的,真正的青春是关于学习,至少,大部分人是如此努力的学习,为了进入理想的大学。电影所刻画的弥补了一些人的青春,对于他们没有机会去体验这些东西。我们不应该被电影误导,对于青少年来说,他们的工作是学习,这样他们才能有一个美好的未来。

高中英语作文范文80词

’’tworryaboutlosingface,.

我喜欢英语。我觉得我可以和你分享一下我的英语学习方法。首先,培养对英语的兴趣。我的方法是看国外电影。一开始,我会留着字幕一起看。之后我就会不看字幕,只留英文。渐渐地,我对英语表现出极大的兴趣。其次,背诵词汇。词汇是学习英语的必要根基。这一点你只能强迫自己去背了。第三,完全理解基本语法。如果我不懂基本语法,我会很难理解一整个句子的意思。最后但并非最不重要的是要多说。学习语言的基本目的就是进行沟通。因此,尽可能多的用英语交谈。不要担心丢脸,因为每个人都会犯错误的。这些就是我的方法。

英语作文100词左右带翻译——珍惜时间

(this)(inanyway).Forthisreason,wemay(can)saythattimeismorevaluablethanmoney.

(this)(keep)inmindthatwastingtimeisequaltowastingyourlife.

【翻译】英国有句谚语说,时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么?因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱,但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由,我们可以说时间比钱钱更宝贵。

许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。

1、议论文的格式:

议论文的格式应由三个部分组成:<1> 立论部分;<2> 论证部分; <3> 结论部分。一般说来,议论文可分三个基本段落来写:

第一段引出话题;

第二段立论且加以论证;

第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落,应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中,同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性,且应尽量做到首尾呼应,切忌前后矛盾。

2、写作攻略

初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么,明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证,最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主,但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式:开头、主体和结尾。一般写作步骤如下:

第一步:确定主题,引出论点;

第二步:通过摆事实、讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起;

第三步:得出结论。要简明扼要、回扣全文。

1、【模板范文】

Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad.

But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well. First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English.

Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English. If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English. Most important of all, you can learn something more widely.

All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well. And I hope that all the students can use English freely.

2、【模板范文】

Nowadays,many students like to make friends this different people have different opinions.

On the one hand,some

people think it's interesting totalk with friends you will never feel lonely when youare you are lucky enough to make a friend from Englishspeaking country,you can improve your English , it's pretty cool to have several foreign friends.

But every coinhas two a few people have made really goodfriends people are cheated by the "friends".Besides,it is terrible for students to spen

d much time makingfriends and talking online.

Some people say making friends online is making  there is something in what they say.

英语作文写作是英语学习的重要内容,也是英语学习的最终目标。下面,是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文范文,希望对你有帮助!

高中英语作文议论文范文篇1

Encouraging Buying Cars Isn’t Fit For Today

目前不适合鼓励买车

Nowadays, we can often hear the discussion whether buying cars should be encouraged. Some people suggest that we should buy cars. But others claim that driving cars is not a wise idea. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the latter opinion.

To begin with, there are few parking lots, so the streets are made narrower by the cars parked along the roads. For example, my father could not find any place to park when we went to the supermarket.

Moreover, many drivers do not obey regulations, because people do not pay enough attention to the rule of traffic. For instance, I often see people cross the road when the traffic lights are still red.

Last but not least, the growth of new roads’construction is usually slower than the increasing number of cars. For example, the length of the road has gone up by 20% in 2002. However, the number of cars increased by 50% in the meantime.

From what have been discussed above, we could draw a conclusion that encouraging buying cars is not fit for today.

as far as I am concerned 就我看

in favor of 赞成

to begin with 首先

for example =for instance 例如

moreover 并且

last but not least 其次

in the meantime 同时draw a conclusion 得出结论

高中英语作文议论文范文篇2

The Good and Bad Sides of Setting off Firecrackers

燃放鞭炮的利与弊

Dear Editor,

I’m writing to tell you about our discussion we had on the afternoon of last Wednesday about the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 20 boy and 20 girl students attended the discussion. As a result, 40% of them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly adds pleasure and joy to the festival, therefore, it is a wonderful tradition. But another 40% of the students think that setting off firecrackers causes air and noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% have never thought about it or don’t care a bit.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers

燃放鞭炮的利与弊

as a result 结果

It is a wonderful tradition. 它是一个优良传统。

what’s worse 更糟的是

think about 想起,想到

高中英语作文议论文范文篇3

Disability

残疾

There are too many disabled people in the world. They have no differences from country to country. Some of them were disabled when they were born, the others were injured or hurt in all kinds of accidents, which made them disabled. Almost all of us feel sorry for them. We commiserate with them because they are another kind of people. But some disabled people refuse others’commiseration. They think they can do everything by themselves. They don’t consider themselves as people who have defects. They think they are the same as normal people.

In fact, a great number of people with disabilities should be taken care of by others. They get help from the government or some beneficent organizations in society. But that’s not enough. They must look after themselves on their own. When a baby with disabilities is born, it should be taught to learn some particular skills to live. Or else, it would fail in the future. So one with disabilities must have abundant confidence to fit the hard life without others’help.

too many disabled people 太多残疾人

commiserate with them 同情他们

consider themselves as 把自己当作……

the same as 和……同样

taken care of 照看,照顾

look after themselves on their own 自己照顾自己

or else 否则in the future 将来

高中英语教学论文格式

英语论文格式及写作要点

语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据;但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。因此,规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。由于英语论文写作规范随学科不同而各有所异,本文拟就人文类学科英语论文的主要组成部分,概述美国教育界、学术界通行的人文类英语论文写作规范,以供读者参考、仿效。

一、英语论文的标题

一篇较长的.英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。

就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。

二、英语论文提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、英语论文正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

高中英语的教学论文

教学论文是教师教学经验和教学研究成果在写作上的表现,简单的说,就是教师将平时教学中的一些经验或研究进行了总结,并综合运用综合理论知识进行分析和讨论。下面,我为大家分享高中英语的教学论文,希望对大家有所帮助!

摘要: 合作学习是一种富有创意和实效的教学理论与策略。它显著地提高了学生的学业成绩,并在不同程度上促进了学生形成良好合作意识与沟通意识,很快引起了世界各国的关注,被人们誉为“近十几年来最重要和最成功的教学改革”。英语学科在小组合作学习策略的计划与实施下,教学成果也取得的质的飞跃。在英语教学中,课堂教学以学生为主体,充分发挥学生的积极性与主动性,使学生被动的接受知识的学习转变成学生积极主动的学习。以小组合作学习的形式开展教学,充分调动全体学生的思维,这在英语教学成效上有着十分重要的意义。

关键词: 合作学习;教学改革;高中英语课堂;教学成效

随着新课改在我国如火如荼的进行,如何进行新课程改革,提高学生的学习效率,已经成为广大教育者最为关心的课题。顺应全国课改的潮流,我国高中英语新课程标准中也明确表示,英语教学过程中教师要学会优化学生的学习方式,使他们自己积极主动地寻找学习方法,形成具有个性的学习风格。目前,小组合作学习已经成为各地争相探索的模式,在高中的教学过程中显得尤为重要。

一、合作学习的定义

合作学习(cooperativelearning)是一种富有创意和实效的教学理论与策略。它在20世纪70年代初兴起于美国,由美国著名教育家DavidKoonts首先提倡并实施的。这种方法显著地提高了学生的学业成绩,并在不同程度上促进了学生形成良好合作意识与沟通意识,很快引起了世界各国的关注,被人们誉为“近十几年来最重要和最成功的教学改革”。在此趋势下,我国也出现了合作学习的研究与实验,并在各个学科都取得了较好的效果。英语学科也不例外,在小组合作学习策略的计划与实施下,英语教学成果也取得的质的飞跃。

二、当下英语教学存在的问题

1.基础不牢固

现今的学生从小学就开始学习英语,按常理讲,到高中应该已经对英语非常熟悉,然而在学生身上普遍存在的问题就是基础不牢固。首先,从大环境上讲,现在部分小学和初中对待英语不够重视,因此在对学生的英语教学浮于表面。其次,从学生方面,学生对于英语学习存在抵触心理,仅仅是单纯的背诵单词和短语,在语言运用方面不够重视。

2.学习兴趣不高

学生的学习兴趣会直接影响到其学习效果。许多高中教师在教学过程中会发现,对于那些基础不好的同学很难提高其成绩与实际运用能力。其中一个重要的原因就在于,这些同学对英语的学习兴趣不高,因此在学习上表现不够积极。传统的教学模式以教师为中心,学生一直被动地接受知识,没有机会进行自我思考与自我探索,学习失去了主动性;同时,被动的接受知识也逐渐磨损了学生的积极性,丧失了实际运用能力,渐渐也就失去了学习兴趣。

三、合作学习的目的.和意义

1.合作学习的目的

教师的工作是一门艺术,需要用严谨的态度去探究合理的教学方法,钻研教材,因材施教。当学生不愿学习的时候,教师必须得找到一些方法去激励学生学习。然而,学生并不是机器,他们有自己的想法,教师并不能将自己的想法强加到学生的身上。因此,寻找到学生能够接受的方法,就成了教学中至关重要的一环。各国经过多年的研究与实验,发现了小组合作学习的方式。这种方式意在提高学习效率的同时,培养学生的自我学习能力。他们通过自己交流,总结出更好的学习方法。这种学习方法正与我国新课程改革所要求的内容相符合,不仅仅帮助学生掌握基本的语言知识,同时提高学生的语言理解与实际运用能力,提高合作探究与思考能力等,促进学生的全面发展。

2.合作学习的意义

作为一门外语,熟练掌握及运用英语是不易的,其中包括大量的词汇,枯燥的语法。鉴于此,我国决定推行新课程改革,决心改变学习英语困难的这一现状。我国高中英语新课程标准强调,在英语教学中,课堂教学应以学生为主体,使学生被动的接受知识的学习转变成学生积极主动的学习。要达成这个目的,最好的办法就是实施分组化教学,以小组合作学习的形式开展,这在英语教学成效上有着十分重要的意义。然而,提高学习成绩只是我国推行新课程改革的一个方面。在英语教学中,教师的目的不仅仅是让学生学会知识,更重要的是培养学生的创造力与合作精神。合作学习能够培养学生积极向上的学习态度及合作探索精神。

四、合作学习中存在的问题与解决建议

1.合作学习中存在的问题

(1)学校方面随着合作学习被引入中国,越来越多的地区也已经意识到了合作学习的重要性,合作学习也在各大地区广泛地推行起来。然而到目前为止,真正能够切实实施并取得成效的例子不不多。其中一个重要的原因,在于部分地区对于小组学习的策略流于形式化,大大缩减了我国推行新课程改革的初衷,导致合作学习在实施过程中浮于表面,无法学到合作学习的内涵。(2)教师方面部分教师对于合作学习的理解存有误区,认为合作学习就是“放手”,寄希望于学生通过自我讨论之后,就能完全理解与掌握相应的知识;同时在学生合作学习过程中,没有去关注学生状况,最后没有进行及时的总结与评价,导致部分学生没有办法通过自我讨论与沟通做到真正地理解知识,变相地浪费了学生的宝贵时间。(3)学生方面首先,学生习惯了传统的教育模式,对于新的教育模式存在的质疑,认为学校拿自己当实验品,在浪费时间,存在抵触心理,因此不能够全身心地投入到小组活动中去;其次,部分学生参与情况不好,有些基础好的同学,不能够发挥友爱精神,不愿将自己学会的知识与组内成员分享。基础差的同学对自己没有信心,过度依赖基础好的同学,怕自己说错会被他人笑话。再次,部分学生本身学习态度不端正,会利用小组讨论的时间做些与学习无关的事。

2.对合作学习提出的建议

在学校的角度,要加大对于合作学习的管理力度,实质地提出切实可行的方案,使合作学习真正地落到实处。在实施合作学习之前,教师要向学生讲明合作学习的好处,并通过日常的活动,培养学生的合作精神,使学生在心理上先接受合作学习的方式。在进行合作学习的过程中,教师应注意随时的引导,当学生合作的参与者,并对学生的表现及时的点评,。在合作学习初期,教师一定要加强课堂上的监管,关注各个小组的实际情况,发现问题,给学生一定的指引,让学生尽快习惯并喜欢上合作学习模式。合作学习是课堂教学的一种非常有效的方式,但是在课堂教学过程中,教师应把握好合作学习的度,因材施教,选择合适的时机采取合作方式,不能只追求形式而忽略实际效果。

五、结论

合作学习的模式是我国目前正在探讨和尝试的一种有效教学模式。在新的教学模式下,教师要不断地更新理念,总结与改进,结合自身的教学实际,努力探索适合自己的合作学习教学模式,让其真正地在课堂教学中发挥作用,使课堂教学实现质的飞跃。

参考文献

[1]宋冬雪.合作学习方法在课堂教学中的有效应用[J].辽宁师范大学学报,2001,(04)

[2]刘丹枫.试探高中英语教学中的合作学习[J].考试周刊,2011,(19).

[3]王淑华.高中英语课堂教学中合作学习策略的实验研究[D].东北师范大学,2009.

[4]郭砚冰.英语课堂合作学习的实施与评价[J].中小学外语教学,2001,(09):11-13.

[5]高艳.合作学习的分类、研究与课堂应用初探[J].教育评论,2001,(02):25.

阅读教学作为整个高中英语教学的重要组成部分,在英语教学中占据着重要的地位。一直以来,在高中英语教学中,无论从高中英语课程的设定、教材的选编、还是从高中教学中阅读课所占的课时比重等方面来看,阅读教学都占据重要的位置。下文是我为大家蒐集整理的关于的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!

浅析高中英语阅读技巧

高中英语阅读的要求与初中有较大差别:文章词数增多,生词量增大,组篇方式复杂,文章资讯量较大,文章内容比较成人化,并具有一定的文化意识要求。阅读理解在高考中占据很大的比重,而且越来越注重能力的测试。因此,在高中英语学习中必须掌握最基本的三种阅读理解技巧:猜测词义、难句理解和语篇理解。

一、 猜测词义

《英语课程标准》六级阅读技能目标提出六级为高中最低目标:能利用上下文和句子结构猜测词义。猜词能力是英语阅读最基本的能力之一。高考阅读文章也允许出现2%-3%不注汉语的生词。因此,从高一起阅读文章中就铺设了适当比例的生词。碰到生词切勿惊慌,因为它们不是孤立存在的,也不是高深莫测的。只要抓住一定的线索就可以猜出,并加以理解。猜词有两个步骤:寻找线索和确定意义。线索多种多样,可依据构词法、定义解释、对比关系、因果关系和上下文暗示“顺藤摸瓜”。

1. 构词法

Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials bee more costeffective.

初看起来,costeffective不得而知。细心观察,它是由cost和effective合成,effective是effect加字尾派生而来。既然“成本有效”,就是“划算的”。构词法线索在猜词中用得最多。2009年江苏高考阅读理解A篇中就有六个可以根据构词法猜测词义的生词:emotionally有感情地,originally原来, conditioning规定,consequently结果, sociable好交际的,respond反应。

2. 定义解释

Decision-thinking is not unlike poker...This card game has often been of considerable interest to people.

从解释的内容不难看出,poker是一种多人玩的、有趣的卡片游戏。由此猜测为“扑克”。另外还可以从发音来验证,“扑克”poker之音译。定义、解释形式多样,有定语从句、同位语、并列句,甚至用破折号引出补充说明,等等。

3. 对比关系

Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one was afraid. We passed the time by telling stories.

数千人困在电梯中,应该情况不妙。But转折了人们的境况。其线索是对比转折。如果猜测为“受伤”、“窒息”、“沮丧”还不妥贴。根据下文“讲故事消磨时间”,应推断为“惊恐”。

4. 因果关系

The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.

后一句承接前一句。前一句的情况导致后一句的结果。线索是因果关系。既然停电,冰淇淋、冰冻食品化冻是必然结果。猜测为“融化”。

5. 上下文暗示

We had lots of candles on the table and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays.

从上文得知静止的蜡烛放在餐桌上,侍者随身带着的蜡烛不会放在口袋里,不会放在头顶,而是放在端菜的“浅盘”中。

再看例项,猜出画线生词的含义,并说出线索依据:

1. Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats.

2. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

3. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

4. Most of fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them.

5. The passengers’ belongings on the train are stored in their holdalls, boxes, baskets and netbags.

1. 听诊器,定义解释;2. 肮脏,对比关系;3. 浑浊,因果关系;4. 滑溜的,鱼鳞,上下文暗示;5. 拥有物,行李包,网袋,构词法。

二、 难句理解

文章中的难句,犹如拦路虎,让你无法理解全篇,令人望而生畏。高考趋势之一就是难句增多,型别多变,不但测试考生的阅读技能,也测试考生的智力水平和心理素质。难句一般是长句、省略句和倒装句。

长句是一些并列句、复合句,或者有多种形式的定语、状语、插入语,或者伴有分隔、倒装、省略,盘根错节,令人眼花缭乱。其实,再长的句子,只要能抓住结构中的关键词,问题就迎刃而解了。结构中的关键词是指分句、意群的引导词或起始词。找到分句的引导词,就能发现各个分句的主谓语,最后用化整为零的办法,各个击破。抓住意群的起始词就能理清各个语法成分,以及它们之间的关系。请看例句:

Decision-thinking is not unlike poker―it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.

此句含有29个单词,语法结构复杂。从概貌上看, 破折号前是一个简单句,破折号引出一个补充说明的句子。结构关键词是not only...but also, what, what, and what。抓住引导词后,再确定各个主谓语。由此分析得知,it是形式主语,真实主语是三个主语从句,三个主语从句由not only...but also和and 连线。在第二个主语从句中带有宾语从句,第三个主语从句中,也带有宾语从句,而且宾语从句又带宾语从句,重重叠叠。全句可直译为:作出决定的思维就像打扑克,不仅你所思考的问题常常是要紧的,而且其他人认为你所考虑的问题,和你思考其他人认为你所考虑的问题也常常是要紧的。

再看怎样抓住结构关键词,并将它们化整为零:

In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes: there are what he called games of“perfect rmation”, games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks: they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills.

这是一个44个单词的松散长句。首先要找到分句和意群的关键词:that, what, games, where, not...but,另外两个冒号,一个逗号在句中也很重要,它们都表示补充说明或者同位关系。理清基本结构后,可以将长句分解为以下六句:

1. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes.

2. There are games which he called games of perfect rmation.

3. The games are like chess.

4. In the games the players can’t hide anything or play tricks.

5. They don’t win by chance.

6. They win by means of logic and skills.

长句就是由这些简单的分句用结构连词串连而成,一旦将它们一一拆开,就化难为易,一目了然。

难句的另一形式是省略句和倒装句,而且这类难句在高考中出现得越来越多,越来越活。在理解省略句、倒装句时使用“恢复原状”法是非常有效的。请看江苏高考任务型阅读中的省略句:So, the munication begins with the self, as defined largely by others, and involves others, as defined largely by the self.

句中含两个as省略句,如果分析省去了什么,并将它们补全就不难理解。此句as后省去it is,全句意义为“按照别人所定义,交流开始于自身;按照自己所定义,交流也涉及别人”。再请看江苏高考另一篇中的倒装句:

Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.

只要将主语和表语对调位置,即恢复原状就很容易理解,意为“水不能渗透的岩层就在这一层下面”。

三、 语篇理解

语篇理解主要有两层含义:文章的整体理解和文章的深层理解。整体理解即通过阅读把握文章的结构脉络,提取、分析主要资讯,归纳概括主旨大意。深层理解即获得字里行间的隐含资讯,准确领会生词和某些活用单词的特定意义,推理判断作者的言外之意。整体理解与深层理解是密不可分,相互依存的。要想很好地进行语篇理解,必须注意三点:

1. 第一遍快速阅读时,就要有意识地找出文章的主题句和段落的主题句,从而了解文章全貌,理清层次关系,把握文脉主线。大多数主题句是段落的起始句和结束句。

2. 第一遍快速阅读中碰到难词、难句时,可以再读一遍该句,抓住要领后再往下阅读。尽量不在第一遍阅读中留下“隐患”,也避免难句的理解偏差影响下文的阅读。

3. 在做题时,有必要再次扫读、搜寻相关资讯,并谨防被词句的表面意义所迷惑。要剔除与上下文和主题思路相违背的一些表面意义,搜寻到深层的隐含资讯。

请阅读以下例子,并完成有关题目:

Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead. He told of different men and of strange civilizations文明, broken up by long“dark ages”in between. In his view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men. In 2,000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.

However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred?The next thousand?The next million?That’s much more difficult.

When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?Yet to men of 50,000 years from now, we may seem as primitive原始的 in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us. Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can’t think of.

So why even bother to try imagining life far in the future?Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are pared with the whole human history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or greedy or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.

Second, by trying to escape from present interest and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So set your imagination free when you think about the future.

第一遍快速阅读后,我们已知此文体裁为论说文,共五小节。第一小节介绍概貌。二、三小节是一个层次,讲现代人很难看得很远。四、五小节为一个层次,讲想象未来生活的原因。一至四小节的主题句都是第一句。第五小节有总结全文的作用,说明想象未来是为了珍惜现在,主题句是最后一句,此句也是全文的主题句。文章中虽然难句、难词较多,但脉络结构理清后,对捕捉细节和深层资讯很有帮助。

首先在主题思想和文脉主线的牵引下理解这些单词、短语:

1. picture modern life 描绘现代生活

2. short-sighted 目光短浅的

3. Stone-Age 石器时代

4. bother 麻烦

5. excuses 借口

再看字里行间暗藏着什么,寻求这种深层资讯至少要思考三点:

1. 文章主题

2. 作者主旨

3. 隐含细节

文章主题上文已经分析。作者主旨为:现代人必须极目远望,想象未来,认识自己在宇宙长河中的时间价值,从而负起当前的应尽之责。至于隐含细节,必须先抓住表层资讯,由表及里,抓住本质。例如:第一小节表面上是介绍一本书。其实,作者通过介绍这本书,提出自己的论点,展示了全文的话题,也初步表明思想观点:“现代”仅是历史长河中之一瞬,人类文明的方式因为“时间”的分隔而截然不同。把握这些隐含资讯对理解后面四个小节的详论细述有很大帮助。

有些隐含资讯必须根据题目要求再次扫读才能有针对性地搜寻出来。题目中的选项迷惑性往往很强,因此,要善于排除干扰,拨开迷雾。这时也要注意分析题目的设题型别和拟题手法。例如:

1. A particular mention made of Stapledon’s book in the opening paragraph _______.

A. serves as a description of human history

B. serves as an introduction to the discussion

C. shows a disagreement of views

D. shows the popularity of the book

通过第一遍快速阅读已经得知其段落大意,再进行扫读,以加深对语篇意义的理解,找出正确答案。先看A,虽然这一小节提到“人类历史”,但不是着重描述人类历史。再看C,表面资讯有different men, strange civilizations, 但真实内容却未说观点分歧。选项D干扰性很强。虽然作者赞同Stapledon的观点,并以此展开全文,但通篇都未提到此书是否深受人们欢迎。从语篇理解看,D仅是一个旁外的话题。再看B,表面资讯是开篇部分,应是“汇入”。隐含资讯须全篇理解,全文都是围绕第一小节的话题展开的讨论,表面资讯与隐含资讯一致。B为正确选项。

2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that_______.

A. human history is extremely long

B. life has changed a great deal

C. it is a useless plan for the next 50 years

D. it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future

从表面词句上看,似乎读懂第三小节,就可以回答此题。其实不然,因为A、B、C三项本身都是成立的,而且迷惑性很强。再次扫读二、三小节便受启发,第三小节是第二小节意思的延伸,进一步阐述远望未来的困难之处,论古说今,举例印证,都说明之“难”。因此D才是正确答案。

3. Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to_______.

A. tools used in farming B. ideas about modern life

C. unknown things in the future D. hunting skills in the Stone Age

从表面资讯看,虚构单词指工具,先排除B和D。再次扫读得知不是农具,排除A。C是一个比较保险的正确选项。它们是未来不可知的东西。

4. According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will_______.

A. serve the interests of the present and future generations

B. enable us to better understand human history

C. help us to improve farming

D. make life worth living

测试推理能力,推断作者主旨。此题较好地运用了干扰选项和“答非所问”的拟题手法。B、C、D本身都是成立的,文中确实提到“人类历史”、“认真耕作”和“生活意义”。作者主旨是由这些个体组合而成,其中心思想是由它们提炼、浓缩而来,即尽管展望未来困难重重,人们还是应该想象未来。既然“现代”仅是一瞬,何不在这段历史时期尽心尽责,何不珍惜、爱护如今的世界呢?初定A为正确答案。但A项本身又有干扰资讯。最后一小节出现escape from present interest,似乎A不能选。其实文中这一部分是说明“想象未来的同时暂且不谈目前的个人利益,这能提高思想境界”,寓意还是“想象未来”,并不是说“想象未来”与目前的利益无关。由此搜寻到文章的“画外音”――想象未来既有利于现代,又造福于未来。A为正确选项。

语篇理解是较高层次的理解,也是如今高考试题的趋向和要求。

阅读理解的技巧无论合理性程度有多高,只有在实践中才能得到掌握和完善。运用所学的技巧多阅读,多琢磨,必有提高。

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高中英语小论文范文

高中时期大家阅读的英语 文章 有很多,那么大家还记得买过基本 英语阅读 书么?下面是我给大家带来高中英语 范文 ,供大家参阅!

Travel is a good way to refresh and broaden our horizon.

旅行是消除疲劳开阔眼界的好方式。

During your travel, you can turn off your cellphone and keep far from the Internet. You can forget your work, your study or your family, and just enjoy the leisure time.

在旅行中,你可以关掉手机,远离网络,可以忘记你的工作、学习或家庭,只需静静地享受旅行的闲暇。

From the moment when you start your journey, all the trifles should be locked at your house.

从踏上旅程的那一刻起,所有的琐事都应该被紧锁在家里。

During the travel, you can kill your time slowly to have a good rest, and you can contact with different people. They may be a window for you to know a different world.

旅行的时刻,你可以慢慢打发时间,好好休息,也可以和不同的人打交道,这些人可能是你开启另一个世界的窗口。

Meet various people, experience things, which make your world bigger.

遇见不同的人,经历不同的事,这都可以使你的世界更宽广。

You just clean up your entire mind and you can get the true meaning of travel.

你只要清空思绪,就可得到旅行的真正意义。

I think I will be a teacher in the future, because I like to stay with children.

我觉得将来我会成为一名教师,因为我喜欢和孩子们待在一起。

I'll live in shanghai because I went to shanghai last summer and fell in love with it.

我会住在上海,因为我去年夏天去上海的时候就爱上了它。

I think it's really a beautiful city.

我真的觉得那是一个美丽的城市。

As a teacher, I'll try my best to teach my students well and tell them how to be a useful person.

作为一名老师,我会尽力教好我的学生并告诉他们如何做一个有用的人。

In my free time, I'll listen to music, pop songs and go shopping with my friends, Sometimes I'll keep pets-maybe a colorful bird.

在我的空闲时间,我会听音乐,流行歌曲,和我的朋友去购物,有时候我会养宠物,也许会是一只色彩鲜艳的鸟。

It makes me happy.

它能让我开心。

During the summer holiday, I'll go to Italy on vacation.

暑假的时候我会去意大利度假。

I hear that it's a great place to have fun.

我听说那里是去玩的好地方。

Among all the sports, I like basketball most.

在所有运动中我最喜欢的篮球。

It is both an indoor and outdoor sport.

它既是室内运动也是 户外运动 。

People in everywhere like to play or watch this game.

到处的人们都喜欢玩或观看这个比赛。

I also like to watch people playing basketball on TV.

我也喜欢在电视上看人们打篮球。

I often play it with some friends after school, and sometimes we play it on Sunday afternoon.

放学后我经常和一些朋友打篮球,有时我们会在星期日下午打。

I am very good at basketball, but I am not the best player in my team.

我很擅长打篮球,但我却不是我的球队打得最好的球员。

Basketball can make me happy and healthy, and I really enjoy playing it.

篮球使我快乐,健康,我真的很喜欢打篮球。

英语作文写作是英语学习的重要内容,也是英语学习的最终目标。下面,是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文范文,希望对你有帮助!

高中英语作文议论文范文篇1

Encouraging Buying Cars Isn’t Fit For Today

目前不适合鼓励买车

Nowadays, we can often hear the discussion whether buying cars should be encouraged. Some people suggest that we should buy cars. But others claim that driving cars is not a wise idea. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the latter opinion.

To begin with, there are few parking lots, so the streets are made narrower by the cars parked along the roads. For example, my father could not find any place to park when we went to the supermarket.

Moreover, many drivers do not obey regulations, because people do not pay enough attention to the rule of traffic. For instance, I often see people cross the road when the traffic lights are still red.

Last but not least, the growth of new roads’construction is usually slower than the increasing number of cars. For example, the length of the road has gone up by 20% in 2002. However, the number of cars increased by 50% in the meantime.

From what have been discussed above, we could draw a conclusion that encouraging buying cars is not fit for today.

as far as I am concerned 就我看

in favor of 赞成

to begin with 首先

for example =for instance 例如

moreover 并且

last but not least 其次

in the meantime 同时draw a conclusion 得出结论

高中英语作文议论文范文篇2

The Good and Bad Sides of Setting off Firecrackers

燃放鞭炮的利与弊

Dear Editor,

I’m writing to tell you about our discussion we had on the afternoon of last Wednesday about the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 20 boy and 20 girl students attended the discussion. As a result, 40% of them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly adds pleasure and joy to the festival, therefore, it is a wonderful tradition. But another 40% of the students think that setting off firecrackers causes air and noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% have never thought about it or don’t care a bit.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers

燃放鞭炮的利与弊

as a result 结果

It is a wonderful tradition. 它是一个优良传统。

what’s worse 更糟的是

think about 想起,想到

高中英语作文议论文范文篇3

Disability

残疾

There are too many disabled people in the world. They have no differences from country to country. Some of them were disabled when they were born, the others were injured or hurt in all kinds of accidents, which made them disabled. Almost all of us feel sorry for them. We commiserate with them because they are another kind of people. But some disabled people refuse others’commiseration. They think they can do everything by themselves. They don’t consider themselves as people who have defects. They think they are the same as normal people.

In fact, a great number of people with disabilities should be taken care of by others. They get help from the government or some beneficent organizations in society. But that’s not enough. They must look after themselves on their own. When a baby with disabilities is born, it should be taught to learn some particular skills to live. Or else, it would fail in the future. So one with disabilities must have abundant confidence to fit the hard life without others’help.

too many disabled people 太多残疾人

commiserate with them 同情他们

consider themselves as 把自己当作……

the same as 和……同样

taken care of 照看,照顾

look after themselves on their own 自己照顾自己

or else 否则in the future 将来

英文 作文 英文书写应符合书写规范,英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观,字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮,通篇匀称和谐。下面我给大家分享一些 高中 英语作文 范文 5篇,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!

高中英语作文范文1

记叙描写

〖好句背诵〗

1. With the economy developing rapidly, I'm glad to see our city is taking on a new look.

随着经济的快速发展,我非常高兴地看到我们的城市呈现出新的面貌。

2. Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.

过去的二十年左右,我们的生活发生了重大的变化。

3. Tired as I was, I never felt so happy.

尽管很累,我没有觉得这么开心。

〖满分佳作赏析〗

一家英语报社向中学生征文,主题是“十年后的我”,请根据下列要点和你的想象完成短文。

1. 家庭:

2. 工作;

3. 业余生活。

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I would like to give a general picture of my future life in ten years.

First of all, I will have a warm family where family members will love each other and care about each other. As for me, since being a teacher is my dream, I'm sure that this dream will come true then. I wish to teach foreign students traditional Chinese culture in a college at that time and I will certainly introduce China to the world. Time permitting,I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.

Such will be my future life, the one I have been dreaming of.

高中英语作文范文2

观点议论

某英文报社组织了题为“我喜欢的英语 谚语 " 征文活动,你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文,内容须包括:

1. 该谚语的含义;

2. 体现该谚语含义的个人经历。

a) A friend in need is a friend indeed.

b) Where there's a will, there‘s a way.

参考词汇:谚语 proverb

〖满分佳作赏析〗

A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed

A life without friends is a life without sunshine! Friends try their best to help you without thinking of what they can get from it.

Once I doubted the usefulness of study, losing my interests and direction, even confidence. Finally, I decided to stop studying. After knowing the news, my friend encouraged me patiently. She insisted on persuading me until I promised to give up this thought.

Later, I made up my mind to study hard so as to enter my dream university.

Many people will be in and out of your life, but only true friends will leave footprints in your heart. True friends always come to you when you need help.

Where There's a Will, There's a way

Among all the instructive proverbs, the one I like most is "Where there is a way, there is a way", which tells us that we should stick to our dreams.

For me the saying has special meaning. When I was in Junior Middle School , I was so poor in my studies that I nearly gave up. But my head-teacher was always there and give me confidence every time I lost heart. He used to say, "A little more effort and you will make it”Thanks to my dearest teacher, all my efforts paid off and finally I became a top student.

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. As long as you keep trying, you'll make it.

高中英语作文范文3

道歉信

〖好句背诵〗

1. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of answering your letter in time.

我十分抱歉没有时向信。

2. Anyhow, I sincerely hope that we can fix another time for...

无论如何,我真心希望我们可以再找一个时间......

3. I'm awfully sorry for the sudden change of plan feel it a great pity to miss the opportunity.

对突然的改变我感到十分抱歉,对错过这个机会感到很可惜。

〖满分佳作赏析〗

假如你是新华中学的学生李华,你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件,询问你暑假里的打算,但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件:

1. 未及时回信的原因

2. 你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。

Dear Tom

I I'm terribly sorry I couldn't reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately. I was so occupied with the final exams.

As for the coming summer holiday, I will first do a part time job in a fast-food restaurant. Not only will I earn some money but I will also gain some social experience through it. And then | will go on a trip to Sichuan, where there are a great number of places of interest. Finally, go to Ya'an to work as a volunteer. There is no doubt that children there are badly in need of help. I hope what I will do will make a great difference to them.

Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

高中英语作文范文4

投诉信

〖好句背诵〗

1. Taking into account all three factors above, I request that the company should have a change of it for me as soon as possible.

考虑到以上的三个因素,我要求公司要为我尽快换一个新的。

2. But we are regretful to find that it cannot work normally.

但是,我们很遗憾地发现它不能正常地工作。

3. Your prompt attention and early reply will be appreciated.

感谢您即时的关注和及早的回复。

4. I am waiting for a reasonable explanation and expecting an early reply.

我在等待一个合理的解释,并期待及早回复。

〖满分佳作赏析〗

假如你是李华,昨天在商场购买了一台电风扇,回家后发现它不能运转。你回到店里与营业员交涉时,该营业员对你的态度恶劣,对你提出的问题不予受理。请你为此向经理写一封投诉信。

Dear Manager,

I feel sorry to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint.

Yesterday I bought an electric fan in your shop, but when I got home and turned it on, it didn't work. So I took it back and talked to the assistant about the problem. To my surprise, instead of helping me solve the problem, the man, in a rude manner, refused to examine it.

Generally, your shop is well-known for good service and that is why I bought the electric fan in your shop. I was really upset to find that such a thing should have occurred in your shop.

I am waiting for a reasonable explanation and expecting an early reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

高中英语作文范文5

感谢/祝福信

〖好句背诵〗

1. I'm writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude to you for teaching me the English song.

我写信来达对你教我英文歌的衷心感谢!

2. Without your help, the performance couldn't have been that successful.

没有您的帮助,表演不会有那么成功。

3. I'd like to express my thanks for your hospitality and kindness when | was in America.

我想感谢您对我在美国时的好客和友好。

4. In addition, what has impressed me most is…

而且,最让我感动的是......

〖满分佳作赏析〗

假定你是李华,从小喜爱大熊猫 (panda),一直通过有关网站 (website)关注三年前在美国圣地亚哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信:

1. 自我介绍 ;

2. 祝贺苏琳生日;

3. 感谢工作人员;

4. 索取苏琳三岁生日昭

Dear Sir/Madam,

Greetings from China!

This is Li Hua, a student in China,I've been fond of pandas since my childhood. Since three years ago, when the panda Baiyun gave birth to a baby panda Sulin, I have been visiting your website to keep myself informed about how things are going for them. If Iremember clearly, she will turn three soon. I want to say happy birthday to her and express my thanks to you for your hard work, with which she has been brought up and has been living happily with her parents in the US.

By the way, I wonder if I could have a photo taken of Sulin on her third birthday. Thank you very much in advance.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

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论文格式英语范文

Times New Roman 字体,倍行距,首行缩进2字符,

本科生英语论文 范文

范文一:英语本科 毕业 论文

The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles

Thesis statement:

Everyone knows that Tess’s life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion.

Outline

Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles

A. Women’s role in industrial movements during 19th century in England

B. A brief commentary of the novel

1. the writer --Thomas hardy

2. general introduction of the novel

Ⅱ.Tess’s spirit of revolt all through her life

A. Tess’s fight to the moribund society

1. the moribund society

2. Tess’s fight to the moribund society

B. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept

1. the traditional moral concept

2. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept

C. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion

hypocritical religion in that time

2. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion

D. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage

’s unfortunate marriage

2. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage

Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring.

Abstract

This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess’s fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life.

key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate

内容提要

本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先,本文对小说的背景做了介绍。然后,对文本进行简要评论。再次,本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论:(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争;(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗;(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗;(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。最后,揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。

关键词:悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运

范文二:英语专业毕业论文格式要求

1、主要任务

毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段,是英语人才培养不可或缺的重要环节,是英语专业本科教学计划的重要组成部分,是培养学生综合应用所学的基本理论、基础知识和基本技能,并分析和解决实际问题的重要途径,是对学生进行科学研究的初步训练。毕业论文是学生大学毕业前的最后学习阶段,是英语教学深化和升华的重要过程;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语 语文知识 及其他相关学科知识、综合素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。

2、知识要求

英语专业的毕业论文按专业方向的不同可分为“文学”、“语言及语言学研究”、“语言教学”、“翻译研究”和“ 文化 与跨文化”等不同类别。按论文性质的不同,又可分为理论型研究论文、应用型研究论文、综述型论文和研究 报告 型论文。每个专业方向都可以有这4种不同的类型。

(1)理论型研究论文指对已有的语言、文学、翻译、教学、文化等学科领域的理论性和应用性的研究成果,在翔实、可靠的事实材料的基础上进行有一定新意的探讨,这种新意可包括新的命题、新的视角、新的材料、新的 方法 、新的论证、新的结论。理论型研究应熟识与了解现有的科学观点、结论和评价,并进行消化、吸收,针对现有理论中的不足、不确切和未涉及之处进行局部的修正、改进、补充或完善。写理论型研究论文的学生要有较好的理论准备,能够熟练运用已学的理论知识,正确、科学地分析、解决论文撰写过程中出现的各种具体的理论性问题,在教师的指导下发现、提出理论性问题并对某一具体理论提出自己的看法和意见。

(2)应用型研究论文指以实际应用为目的,探讨已有的知识在实践中应用的可能性,或运用已有的研究成果探索应用的新途径。应用型研究必须与教学、研究或社会相结合,重点在于如何运用现有的知识,提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题,作出有参考或应用价值的结论。选择写应用型研究论文的学生要有一定的理论准备,能够熟练运用已学的理论知识,正确分析、解决论文撰写过程中出现的各种具体问题并在老师的指导下运用某一具体理论提出解决问题的看法和意见。

(3)综述型论文是对某一学科领域研究与发展状况作综合叙述介绍的一种论文类型。综述型论文是在大量阅读各种文献的基础上,对学科中某一具体的理论性或实际应用性问题的研究状况进行综合归纳,分析整理,去粗取精,做出判断,理出清晰而明确的研究发展脉络,从而展示研究现状和已取得的研究成果,分析问题的症结,并指出未来的研究走向和发展趋势的动态性研究成果。写综述型论文的学生应对所选课题的研究状况有比较全面的把握和正确的了解,对材料的归纳 总结 要较好地体现出综合性和概括性,要在分析、判断的基础上作出新的结论,而且要有一定的前沿性和前瞻性。

(4)研究报告型论文是就某一课题开展调查或测试并对调查或测试中获得的各种数据进行分析、综合、归纳、整理、讨论,从而作出结论的调研性论文。研究报告型论文可分为调查报告与测试报告两类。写研究报告型论文的学生需要具有正确采集、分析和处理信息和数据的方法,需要具有在理论上对调查过程进行分析和论证的能力,并能在老师的指导下独立 1

制定调查或测试方案。

3、能力培养要求

毕业论文写作是本科英语专业教学计划中规定的一项内容和组成部分,是学生毕业前提交的一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的学术论文。它是学生毕业前独立而系统地从事科学研究的初步尝试。毕业论文表明学生的英语水平和实际应用英语的能力,表明学生相关学科方面的学识水平,表明学生发现问题、提出问题和解决问题的能力以及独立从事科研工作的能力。毕业论文对能力的培养有以下几个方面的具体要求:

(1)锻炼学生运用连贯的、正确的、科学的英语语言的能力,全面提高学生综合运用英语的水平;

(2)培养学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题的思维品质;

(3)培养学生运用所学的理论知识解决来理论性问题或英语实践技能方面的应用性问题的能力;

(4)培养学生严肃认真的科学态度和严谨踏实的工作作风;

(5)培养学生勇于实践、勇于探索、勇于创新的精神。

4、综合素质要求

毕业论文在英语人才培养中起着一般教学不可替代的作用,是对课堂教学和非课堂教学的重要补充。毕业论文跟课堂教学和非课堂教学二者的配合可有效地解决语言知识、言语技能和相关知识的活用问题,能以一种综合性的研究成果的方式把分散的知识、技能与能力要素有机地结合起来。这种结合是全方位的,即思想、观念、知识、技能、能力和文化素质等诸多方面的全面综合,这种结合同时也包括文献资料检索能力、资料筛选能力、计算机应用能力、动手能力、概括能力、归纳能力、分析问题的能力与解决问题的能力等等。总之,毕业论文教学以培养学生全方位的多方面综合素质为目的。

外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师:XXX(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……(英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。)1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)…3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese The characteristics of English idioms(正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:…,…;小节的编号为:, …。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号) …. In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. …. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) …. ….(ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion ….Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号)Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮,“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》,1993,4:44。冯树健,“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》,1998,6:11。李光陵,“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》,2000,30:30。(论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:尾注:按照编号顺序。夹注:英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献,各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序,不用单独加序号或编号;每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符;倍行距;另外,与文中的夹注一一对应;不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容)(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中)【摘 要】 汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂………………(中文摘要:上空二行;题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符,方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距; 第二行起要顶格;字数约400字,约8-10行;)【关键词】 习语;对比;英语;汉语(中文关键词:题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距;各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后不空格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距)一、 基本格式:论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上,不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页:论文题名页上打印格式基本相近,中、英文对照,中文题目页在第一页,英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目,论文题目都用大写字母,下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大,再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称:论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页,中、英文对照,中文题目页在上,英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用宋体,小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号,加粗,关键字短语部分采用宋体,小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页,一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体,字号为三号,加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号,中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印,正文采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页(大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗)正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印,字体为Times New Roman小四。

英语论文的格式

在个人成长的多个环节中,大家一定都接触过论文吧,论文是对某些学术问题进行研究的手段。写论文的注意事项有许多,你确定会写吗?下面是我帮大家整理的英语论文的格式,欢迎大家分享。

论文的'规格:正文长度 5,500—8,500 单词。

使用的语言:英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号,间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚:(作者名,年份,引文所在页码)

论文正文部分:

1、 题目大写,三号字,新时代罗马字,大写下面可写一个附标题,4号字;

2、 作者名,5号字,班级,学号

3、 指导教师名,5号字,职称

4、 摘要:用300词,5号字, 英文一页,中文一页

5、 关键词:不能用专有名词,词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键),不加标点符号

6、 正文:用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字,小不分用一般数字符号:

引言:引入正题,不超过2段

7、 参考文献(bibliography):先英文,后中文

作者名,出版年月,文章名/书刊名,出版社,地点

9、致谢(acknowledgement)

五、 毕业论文质量标准

(一)选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当;

(二)内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力;

(三)观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点;

(四)叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富;

(五)语言表达正确,无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00(万分之二十到二十五);

(六)用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误,修辞错误率控制在2%。

1.文章标题 英文标题一般在10个实词以内,最多不超过15个实词,避免使用非公知公用的缩略词,代号等.

2. 论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表,请在篇首页地脚处注明.

3. 摘要 英文摘要一般为150-180个实词,中文摘要一般在300字以内,中英文摘要应基本一致.其内容应包括研究目的,方法,结果,结论等,禁用"本文","作者","This paper"等作主语.详见"科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求".

4. 关键词 每篇文章可选3~8个能反映文章主要内容的单词,词组或术语.英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应.

5中图分类号 请查《中国图书馆分类法》.

6. 正文 正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页(记空格,图表占位)以内.内容力求有创新,论证严谨,语句通顺,文字精炼.

7.文中正体,斜体,黑体字符的用法:

⑴斜体.变量名称用斜体单字母表示;下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体;坐标轴(如x,y)和变量(如i,j)用斜体.

⑵正体.下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体;单位,词头用正体,如nm,pF等;几个特殊常量用正体,如e,i,π等.

⑶黑体.矩阵,矢量名称用黑体表示.

8.图形要求

图中所有线条,文字必须用黑色绘制;用线形或标识符区分;不得有背景;

图中线条须清晰,均匀,刻度线向内侧画,并且间隔应均匀;

图中坐标线粗磅,曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍;

9.表格要求 表格采用三线表,表头中使用物理量符号/单位,如下例:

10.参考文献 来稿引用他人观点与材料,须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后,文中须在引用处右上角加注"「序号」".中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文,并在后面加注"(in Chinese)".引文作者姓名均为姓前名后,最多标3名,余下用"et al."代表.

著录格式为:(按不同析出物分类说明)

「连续出版物」 主要作者.题名「J」 .刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.

「专著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「译著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .译者.出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「论文集」 主要作者.题名「A」 .编者.论文集名「C」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「会议论文」 主要作者.题名「Z」 .会议名称,会议召开地(城市名),召开年.

「学位论文」 作者.题名「D」 .所在城市:保存单位,年份.

「研究报告」 主要作者.题名「R」 .报告代码及编号(或:保存地点:责任单位),年份.

「报纸」 作者名.文章名「N」.报纸名,出版日期(版次).

「电子文献」 作者.题名「EB/OL」 .发表或更新日期/引用日期.

「专利」 申请者.专利名「P」 .专利国名:专利号,发布日期.

「技术标准」 技术标准代号,技术标准名称「S」 .

铁路英语中文论文格式范文

英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文

英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文

英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文

英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文

正文中的注释和参考文献是论文格式最为重要的部分,请论文作者逐条仔细阅读。建议先做好参考文献格式,再对照格式要求作夹注。

分脚注和夹注两种,。

1)脚注

正文内容如有需作出特别说明或解释之处以脚注的形式处理,编号格式设置为“○1,○2,○3…”,编号方式设置为“每页重新编号”,脚注会自动出现在当页正文下。字体采用默认值(小五号)。

2)夹注

对论文中的直接引用或间接引用部分所依据的文献以夹注的形式标出。夹注可以采用以下几种形式:

作者姓氏未在引文中出现,则夹注用括号标出作者姓氏,空一格字母再标出引文页码。为避免不必要的麻烦,中文作者用全名。

引用一位作者

“Time is no longer felt as an objective, causal progression with clearly marked-out differences between periods…” (Frank 20)

As the British novelist-critic Christine Brooke-Rose has put it, the novelists now have nothing new to tell since what should be told have been told altogether (Yin Qiping 33-35) .

引用两位作者

Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend & Waugh 10-16).

作者有三个以上,

则在第一位作者的姓氏后写上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略,或列上全部姓氏,夹注中的形式应与参考文献中的形式保持一致。

Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 19-35).

Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff, Goldberger, & Tarule 15-20).

同姓作者

还需加名的开头字母予以区分,如:

Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).

文本中不指名列举持某一观点的'作者

Others hold the opposite point of view (., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)

作者姓氏在引文中出现,则只需用括号标出引文页码

Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (10).

如在引文中提及整个文献及作者姓氏(不必夹注,但参考文献中要注明相关出版信息)

Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.

集体作者如果组织名称太长,第一次提及时可采用全称后加注缩略

The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).

以后直接用缩略形式做夹注

The report surveys the major problems in fundraising (AMNH 15).

引用多卷本中的一卷

Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4).

Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972 (4: 98-104).

引文出自同一作者的不同文献

引用同一作者的两篇以上的文献, 可以分别以文献名全名(如果文献全名简短的话)或文献名的缩略形式(如果文献全名较长的话)注释。

文本中未出现引文作者姓氏,也未出现文献名的,夹注用括号标出作者姓氏,姓氏后加逗号,空一格字母标出带下划线的该作者的书名,书名后空一格字母标出引文页码,如:

Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the grotesque” (Frye, The Anatomy of Criticism 237).

文本中出现作者姓氏的,夹注用括号标出带下划线的该作者的书名,空一格字母再标出引文页码,如:

Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79).

若引文出自杂志,则把文章名放在双引号内,空一格字母再标出引文页码,如:

Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).

文本中既出现作者姓氏又出现该作者的书名或文章名,则只需标出引文页码

In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth-century England as a minor force in the world of music and art (214-48).

一个夹注中涉及一篇以上文献

(Lauter 34; Crane 98)

...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).

转引

Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)

Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)

引文来自于中文作者(对“孔子”等已有英文译名的必须使用标准译名,如Confucius 33; Mencius 22-25)

(Hu Zhuanglin 33)

(Zhu Xianzhi & Lin Chongde 89)

(Xu Guozhang et al. 33-35)

(Confucius 33)

短引文 (四行以内或诗歌三行以内)

引文须加双引号,括号内提供作者、页码(诗歌的话提供诗行)信息,标点符号在括号之后。如果问号、感叹号若是引文的一部分,则须放在引言内,否则,也放在括号之后。

According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.

According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).

Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?

诗行与诗行之间用“/”隔开,如:

Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there/ That's all I remember" (11-12).

长引文

如果引文较长,超过4行,拟另起一行,不加引号,左边缩进10个英文字母, 夹注紧随引文末尾,句点应放在引用括号之前。

At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:

The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)

引文为两段或两段以上,或引文来自诗歌,或引文来自剧本,或引文附带译文,详细说明分别参考《MLA科研论文写作规范》82页;83-84页;85页;93页。注意引文来自诗歌等韵文时,可以篇次和行次代替夹注中的页码;引文来自剧本等文献时,以幕次、场次和行次代替页码。

引文中的添加与省略

在添加的词两头加“[ ]”。

Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (78).

在省略的此处用省略号“…”代替,省略号前后各空一字母。

In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (78).

词典词条

将词条在双引号中列出,后加 “def.”,空一字母后再加页码。

According to The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, “study” means “application of the mind to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, investigation, or reflection” (“Study,” def. 1888).

5. 关于参考文献

说明:

1)参考文献部分以Times New Roman小四号正体加粗居中标明“Works Cited”列在正文后(或尾注后),另页书写。“Works Cited”与第一个参考文献之间空一行。不得罗列同正文没有直接关系的文献,参考文献条目与引文夹注要对应。外文文献排列在前,以姓氏的首字母为序排列,中文文献排列在后,以姓氏的拼音为序排列。每条文献顶格写,回行时英文空5个字母,中文空两格。

2) 建议论文作者多使用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献。引用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献至少2本(篇)以上。

4)主要作者(编者、译者)采用姓在前,名在后的形式,作者姓与名之间用逗号分隔(中文姓名不用分隔);2人以内全部写上,第2 者起姓名按正常顺序,两个主要作者(编者、译者)之间英语的加“&”、中文的加 “、”三个主要作者(编者、译者)以上只写第一人再加“et al.”或“等”(中文)。

5)英文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用斜体,如果图书中包含作品名,作品名使用正体。例如:

Parkes, Adam. Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day. New York & London: Continuum, 2001.

6)中文图书等采用汉英对照形式,以便正文中统一按照英文模式(格式同英文文献)做夹注,列中文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用书名号,作者与作者之间用“、”号,英 语文 献中的句点在中文文献中用宋体字体下的逗号代替、冒号也要是宋体字体下的冒号,且汉字之间或标点与汉字之间没有空格。中文文献的英文模式须加“[ ]”,下面参考文献格式不再赘述。例如:

王守仁、方杰,《英国文学简史》,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2006年。

[Wang Shouren & Fang Jie. A Concise History of English Literature. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.]

7)除了版本研究(如翻译版本对照研究)之外,不宜将同一本书的英文版本和中文版本同时列为参考文献。英 语文 学论文作者必须使用所研究作品的英文版本。

8) 非单行本短篇小说一般应参照文章格式处理,例如:

Joyce, James. “Araby.” Dubliners. London: Penguin, 1967.

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