中西方服饰文化英语论文参考文献

Abstract: Dress culture is a cultural phenomenon unique to human beings. As it has different aesthetic ideas, different dressing concepts and different dress etiquette in China and west, it forms Chinese and western dress culture of the different connotation and characteristics. This thesis is divided into four major sections. The first part describes the different features of Chinese and western dress and why people wear clothing. The second part describes cultural differences between Chinese and western clothing. The third part gives an analysis of Chinese and western dress culture. The last part describes Chinese and western dress aesthetic culture and dress concept. Based on the analysis, the thesis finally draws a conclusion. Chinese and western dress culture each has rich connotation and distinct characteristics, which are precious cultural legacy which is left by human ancestors and are the world culture heritage. At the same time, we treasure our own civilization of five thousand years instead of belittling ourselves. It is significant to promote and develop our unique costume culture. We are confident and make contributions to realizing the rejuvenation of our Chinese nation and enriching the clothing culture of the whole world. Key words: Chinese and western clothing; culture；differences；aesthetic culture and clothing concepts 摘要摘要摘要摘要::::服饰文化是人类特有的文化现象。由于中西方各民族的审美观念、着装理念和服饰礼仪的不同，从而形成了不同内涵、不同特色的中西方服饰文化。本文共分为四部分。第一部分主要介绍了中西服饰的不同特征以及为什么人要穿衣服，第二部分写中西方服饰的差异，第三部分写导致中西方服饰文化差异的原因，第四部分则写中西方服饰审美文化和着装理念。通过以上简单的论述，最后得出结论，中西方服饰文化各具有丰富的内涵和鲜明的特色，她们都是人类祖先留下来的宝贵文化遗产 ,是世界文化的瑰宝。与此同时,我们应该珍惜自己五千年的文明而不是贬低自己的文明。促进和发展我们独特的民族服饰文化具有重要的意义。为了实现我们中华民族的文化复兴和丰富整个世界的文化，让我们自信起来吧！ 关键词关键词关键词关键词::::中西服饰；文化；差异性；审美文化与着装理念Introduction Costume culture, carried by costume, is a respect of our physical and spiritual life and a mixture of our psychological activities like consciousness, emotion, idea and ideal. The rapid development of advanced technology makes multiculturalism stand out and also makes conflicts between China and the West increase. In that case, it becomes more and more important to recognize the similarities and differences of costume culture between China and the West. Nowadays, the whole world is, to some extent, dominated by the western costume culture, which has wound its way into the daily life of the whole world, together with technology, life style and values from the West. Quite popular in China, it’s nominally called “internationalization” or “globalization”. In recent years, the costume industry of China has developed swiftly. The “international” costume, featured by the western costume culture, has become a pretty important part of our daily life. However, as our economy takes off, international status rises and living standard improves, a wave of national costume culture resurgence is rising. Moreover, people from the West pay more and more attention to the giant dragon in the East——China. Western costume designers constantly introduce Chinese costume cultural elements to their latest designs. Those phenomena arouse a series of thoughts: what distinguishes Chinese costume culture from the western one? Are there any similarities between them? What kind of costume culture will we Chinese hold as the mainstream in the future, the so-called “international” western one, the Chinese one or the fusion of the two? To obtain the answers to these questions, we are supposed to study and contrast carefully the characteristics and developing processes of them, and then draw some regularity. To contrast the costume culture between China and the West, it is necessary for us to master a good knowledge of the Chinese and western costume cultural characteristics.Chapter 1 Chinese and western dress 1.1 The different features of Chinese and western dress China is known as “Xia” as it’s a land of propriety, and it’s also known as “Hua” with the beauty of its costume. (①《左传》p83) Our national costume is Hanfu. It originated in the Yanhuang era, formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and officially took form in Han Dynasty. That’s the reason why it’s called “Hanfu”. Since then, in spite of historical evolutions of all ages, their basic characteristics have never changed. Hanfu, on the whole, can be divided into four developing stages: Zhou Han Hanfu, Wei Jin Hanfu, Sui Tang Hanfu and Song Ming Hanfu. Zhou Han Hanfu was featured by dignity and simplicity, while Wei Jin Hanfu by chic and elegance, Sui Tang Hanfu by dignified, graceful, elegant and poised style. Hanfu in Song and Ming Dynasties epitomizes the characteristics of the past-simple, dignified, elegant, etc. In Qing Dynasty, Hanfu was forbidden by the government and disappeared from the land of China. The main features of Chinese clothing are focusing on the right collar’s overlap, the band deducted hidden, big sleeves, no buttons and using string binding, giving the impression of free and easy flowing. These characteristics are obviously different from those of other ethnic costumes. Hanfu is divided into uniform and common clothing. With strict standards, uniform is dressed on formal occasions while the common clothing, without long sleeves, is very convenient to people’s daily life. However, the western clothing is different form the Chinese clothing. The West belongs to Marine civilization, it emphasizes the subjective and objective separation and that we should rationally treat clothing, advocate releasing personality, stress dress effect and be good at showing beautiful the posture of the body. Besides, we use various clipping, color collocation means to perfect bodily curve and give a person with visual comfort in the modeling. A suit, also known as a business suit, comprises a collection of matching clothing consisting of: a coat﹙commonly known as a jacket﹚,a waistcoat﹙optional﹚﹙USA vest﹚for men, a pair of trousers﹙USA pants﹚, or for women, a shirt or trousers. A suit is generally accompanied by torment, a shirt and tie or for women, a blouse. 1.2 Why people wear clothingChinese people are concerned more about its social function of helping to rule a country well than that of keeping warm or decorating. It has a lot to do with ruling a country to regulate the dressing way of the common people. Nevertheless, the westerners pay more attention to its wealth value and function. Therefore, people put on clothing for functional and social reasons. 1.2.1 The functional reason The first use of clothing is to resist the cold and cover the body. Functions of clothing include providing the human body protection against extremes of climate (extreme heat, icy winters, and drenching storms) and protection against insects, noxious, chemicals, and contact with abrasive substances. In sum, clothing protects human beings against anything that might injure the naked, unprotected human body. 1.2.2 The social reason Clothing also delivers social messages to other humans. Social messages sent by clothing, accessories, and decorations can involve social status, occupation, ethnic and religious belief, marital status, cultural degree and sexual availability, etc. For example, only Roman citizens can wear “Toga” in Rome while dragon robe can only be dressed by the emperor in China.

摘 要礼仪，是整个社会文明的基础，是社会文明最直接最全面的表现方式。中国是礼仪之邦，有着灿烂的五千年文化华夏文明，在世界上影响深远。著名国学家钱穆先生就曾经说过，“中国文化的核心就是礼”。当在近200多年，随着西方国家的崛起，西方主导着世界。现今国际通行的礼仪基本上是西方礼仪。这种现象的原因并不仅仅是西方的实力强大，深层的原因在于西方人价值观的统一，在于西方人对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。在今天中西方礼仪文化的融合过程中，我们中国，更多的还是借鉴西方。但无论是借鉴西方的礼仪，或者是我们是自创一套自己的礼仪系统，这在形式上都不难。难的是我们也能有一个完整的价值体系，有对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。我们借鉴西方礼仪，不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式，更应当借鉴其内在灵魂，只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感，才能确立我们的感染力。民族的复兴不仅是实力的复兴，更是一种文化的复兴。只有别人也认同我们的文化，才能真正使我们的礼仪行于世界。关键词：中西方，礼仪，差异 引 言礼仪、是人与人之间交流的规则，是一种语言，也是一种工具。由于形成礼仪的重要根源——宗教信仰的不同，使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪。中国是四大文明古国之一，中华民族是唯一传承千年的文明和民族。中国的礼仪，始于夏商周，盛于唐宋，经过不断地发展变化，逐渐形成体系。西方社会，是几大古代文明的继承者，曾一直和东方的中国遥相呼应。经过中世纪的黑暗，最终迎来了文艺复兴，并孕育了资本主义和现代文明，产生了现代科技和文化。中西方有着截然不同的礼仪文化。 随着我国改革开放的步伐日益加快，跨国交际日益增多，中西方礼仪文化的差异更是越发显露，这种差异带来的影响也是不容忽视，在中西礼仪没有得到完美融合之前，我们有必要了解这些礼仪的差异。有于各国的历史与文化底蕴不同，各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异。特别是中西方之间，礼仪上的差别很大，因为不了解这些差异而引起的误会和笑话并不少见。近代历史上有两则故事，相信大家会比较熟悉。故事一是：李鸿章曾应俾斯麦之邀前往赴宴，由于不懂西餐礼仪，把一碗吃水果后洗手的水喝了。当时俾斯麦不了解中国的虚实，为了不使李鸿章丢丑，他也将洗手水一饮而尽，见此情景，其他文武百官只能忍笑奉陪。还有一个故事是：一个国民党军官携夫人去机场迎接来自美国的顾问。双方见面后，美国顾问出于礼貌说:“您的夫人真漂亮!”军官甚感尴尬又不免客套一番：“哪里，哪里!”在中国，这本是一句很普通的客套话，可是蹩脚的翻译却把这句话译成：where?where?美国顾问听了莫明其妙，心想：我只是礼貌地称赞一下他的夫人，他居然问起我他的夫人哪里漂亮?于是他只好说：“从头到脚都漂亮!”这两个故事都是由于中西文化差异闹出的礼仪上的笑话。由此可见，了解中西方礼尚交往之间的习惯差异是很有必要的。往大处来说，一个国家无论是在政治上，还是在经济贸易中，了解对方国家的礼仪习惯，将有利于各国之间的交往。从小处来讲，一个人了解对方的礼仪民间习惯，是对对方的尊重，容易给对方留下一个好印象，以便交往的顺利进行。随着东西方文化的不断发展，东西方的礼仪正在相互融合，西方人逐渐地接受了东方文化中重情感等合理因素，东方人也逐渐地接受了西方文化中先进文明的礼仪和交往方式。但在现实生活中，由于东西方文化的差异而对礼仪产生的影响还很多。1、 研究中西礼仪差异及原因 1.1 中西方礼仪差异的背景东方文明和西方文明都是在一定的社会历史条件下产生和发展的，没有孰优孰劣的问题。就西方来说，它的历史只有短短200年，而它的人民是从各个地方移民而来的，众多不同民族和种族都融合在一起。他们信奉的誓言是：“只要我们能够梦想的我们就一定能够实现！”这是西方精神，是在英雄主义和献身精神的基础上建立起来的，以它短短200年的历史，创造了人类史上的灿烂文明，它所创造的生产力，比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多，这就是西方的魅力。造成中西方礼仪差异的根本原因，是中西方文化环境的不同，使得各国的人民有着完全不同的道德标准体系和价值观。1.2 中西方观念的差异东方文化崇尚集体和团体精神,人们的倚赖性较强。而西方文化崇尚独立和个性自由。比如,中国人讲究修身,齐家,治国,平天下,人品是至关重要的，而这种人品是建立在关心国家,热爱集体,家庭和睦,人际关系和谐的基础之上。如果只考虑个人的利益,你的人品则大大的折扣。 而在西方人们法制观念较强。在此前提下,他们崇尚个人自由,不愿受到来自政府,教会或其他组织的干涉,喜欢我行我素。在家庭中,孩子们从小就被灌输自立自强的观念。青年人总是希望自己能尽量早独立,摆脱父母的管束,他们不希望过分的倚赖家庭,倚赖父母,否则,他们将失去自由,失去别人对他们的尊重。再这一点上,中国文化则有所不同。家庭是中国人最重视的生活集体。父母对孩子倍加珍惜,恨不能一切都为孩子想到,以致于当孩子长大成人，结婚时要给孩子大操大办,当孩子有了孩子后,还要牺牲自己的晚年来照顾自己的孙子,即把自己的全部希望寄托在孩子身上,又过分的照顾孩子,结果使孩子的自理能力较差,甚至于在中国今天在计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中,国有企业职工极不情愿丢掉铁饭碗，这种倚赖性是中国传统文化的遗产。这种文化上的差异，导致中西方观念很大的差异，以至于中西方礼仪从根本上有很大的差异。 礼仪是与本土的思想文化相对应的，由于形成礼仪的重要根源――宗教信仰――的不同，使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪。梁启超在有名的《劝学篇》里面讲到:“中学为内学,西学为外学;中学致身心,西学应世事。”在礼仪的表现中,西方更多的聚焦在行为、语言的面上；而中国礼仪在长期历史发展过程中,不仅行为人的语言、行动本身具有话语意义,同时还需从行为人的语言、行动中去“悟”出一些东西,在言传的同时,还需意会。东方文明和西方文明都是在一定的社会历史条件下产生和发展的，没有孰优孰劣的问题。 2、 中西方见面的礼仪的差异西方人见面时，不一定会握手，只要笑一笑，打个招呼就行了，即使是第一次见面，而中国人则视握手为一个基本礼节。但在中国握手并没有太多的限定，而西方人握手是有一定礼节的。例如男女之间，女方先伸出手，若女方无握手之意，男子就只能点头鞠躬致意；长幼之间由长辈先伸出手；上下级之间，由上级先伸出手；宾主之间由主人先伸出手。而且握手时应注视对方，并摘下手套，否则会被视为不礼貌。 2.1 中西方称呼的差异在西方,称呼是比较笼统的，一个称呼可以涵盖中国很多称呼。例如，西方称呼男的为先生，称呼女的女士或小姐，而在我国“先生”第一解释是“教师”,是对教师最古老最悠久的称谓。随着改革开放,先生已成为社会上最流行的尊称口语，西方人称”uncle”,可以涵盖我国的婶婶，伯母，姨。他们对这些方面的关系也不如中国分明,中国父亲那边的为伯伯，姑姑，堂兄妹，母亲方为舅，姨，表兄妹。在西方，人们见面时喜欢直呼其名，这是亲切友好的表示，纵使交谈之初可能互相用姓称呼，但过一会儿就改称名字。而在中国，人们很喜欢被称为某某经理，某某总裁，因为这是身份与地位的象征。但在西方，人们很少用正式的头衔称呼别人，正式的头衔只用于法官、高级政府官员，军官，医生，教授和高级宗教人士。值得注意的是，西方从来不用行政职务如局长、经理、校长等头衔来称呼别人。 2.2 中西方对隐私的看法另外，在与人交谈时，切不可谈及个人的私事，诸如年龄、婚姻、收入、信仰等等。看到别人买的东西不可问其价格；如果看到别人回来，也不能问他去哪儿了或者从哪里来，否则就会遭人厌恶，西方人常用“鼻子伸到人家私生活里来了”这句话来表示对提问人的轻蔑。而在中国，人们对个人隐私的界限远没有这么深刻，人们并不会在意别人对自己的生活作一般了解。但在中国人与美国人打交道时，在中国人看来很普通地问对方一些家庭情况，美国人就很可能认为你侵犯了他的隐私，别有用心，一桩生意很可能就这样泡汤了。 中国人通常是见面喜欢点点头，握握手或行拱手礼，或者微微欠身然后握手，而西方人觉得欠身似乎显得自卑。在西方，特别在欧美国家，拥抱礼却是十分常见的见面礼与道别礼，亲吻礼和吻手礼也是常见的西方见面礼。握手礼来源于西方人类半野蛮半文明时期。这种习惯逐渐演变成今天作为见面和告辞的“握手”礼节，被大多数国家所接受。在我国，握手礼不但在见面和告辞时使用，而且还作为一种祝贺、感谢或相互鼓励的表示。因此是社交中应用最广泛的致意礼节。见面、道别时的礼貌演变到今天就是“你好”、“再见”两个短语，客气的顶多再互相握下手，在各种古怪疾病流行的今天显得简洁而卫生而又体面。然而西方国家，见面就要先送贴面礼、亲吻礼和吻手礼，让我们很不习惯也不能接受。 3、 中西餐餐桌上礼仪的差异中国人有句话叫“民以食为天”，由此可见饮食在中国人心目中的地位，因此中国人将吃饭看作头等大事。中国菜注重菜肴色、香、味、形、意俱全，甚至于超过了对营养的注重，只要好吃又要好看，营养反而显得不重要了。西方的饮食比较讲究营养的搭配和吸收，是一种科学的饮食观念。西方人多注重食物的营养而忽略了食物的色、香、味、形、意如何，他们的饮食多是为了生存和健康，似乎不讲究味的享受。3.1 中西方餐桌氛围的差异在餐饮氛围方面，中国人在吃饭的时候都喜欢热闹，很多人围在一起吃吃喝喝，说说笑笑，大家在一起营造一种热闹温暖的用餐氛围。除非是在很正式的宴会上，中国人在餐桌上并没有什么很特别的礼仪。而西方人在用餐时，都喜欢幽雅、安静的环境，他们认为在餐桌上的时候一定要注意自己的礼仪，不可以失去礼节，比如在进餐时不能发出很难听的声音。3.2 中西方用餐时的差异中西方宴请礼仪也各具特色。从传统习俗上说，中国人请客，不论按长、尊、主、次围桌而坐，满桌丰盛的酒菜，主人频频劝酒，客人谦让礼到。中国人觉得这样的宴客方式才能体现主人的热情和诚恳。另外宴客时崇尚热闹欢快的气氛，讲究面子排场。排场之大，气氛之热闹常常令人叹为观止。较随便的形式则是主人邀上三五知己，到家中由女主人炒几个菜，小酌一番。这种随便的宴客形式不讲究礼仪，不讲究坐次，不讲究饭菜，只讲气氛的和谐、主人的热诚、主客谈话的投机。当然，近年来西方的一些宴客形式，如酒会、招待会、自助餐或冷餐也会传到中国，但这些多是官方或单位出面组织的宴请形式，平民百姓还少有实行。在西方则是以右为尊，男女间隔而座，夫妇也分开而座，女宾客的席位比男宾客的席位稍高，男士要替位于自己右边的女宾客拉椅子，以示对女士的尊重。 另外，西方人用餐时要坐正，认为弯腰，低头，用嘴凑上去吃不礼貌，但是这恰恰是中国人通常吃饭的方式。吃西餐的时候，主人不提倡大肆的饮酒，中国的餐桌上酒是必备之物，以酒助兴，有时为了表示对对方的尊重，喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯的喝。中国人的餐桌要热闹，西洋餐桌则安静。中国人要用言行来劝酒劝食，西方人只是用语言劝酒而已。酒文化在中国由来已久，被视为做生意，交朋友等社交场合不可或缺的。酒杯不空茶水不满。在西方，通常喝啤酒、葡萄酒，不喜欢劝酒。在中国，宴会喜欢共桌共菜，西方则认为不合卫生，实行分餐制。中国人宴请时，觥筹交错，歌舞升平。西方则要求少声响少动作，用餐程序较多。 4、 中西方服饰礼仪的差异古今中外，着装从来都体现着一种社会文化，体现着一个人的文化修养和审美情趣，是一个人的身份、气质、内在素质的无言的介绍信。从某种意义上说，服饰是一门艺术，服饰所能传达的情感与意蕴甚至不是用语言所能替代的。在不同场合，穿着得体、适度的人，给人留下良好的印象，而穿着不当，则会降低人的身份，损害自身的形象。在社交场合，得体的服饰是一种礼貌，一定程度上直接影响着人际关系的和谐。影响着装效果的因素，重要的一是要有文化修养和高雅的审美能力，即所谓“腹有诗书气自华”。二是要有运动健美的素质。健美的形体是着装美的天然条件。三是要掌握着装的常识、着装原则和服饰礼仪的知识，这是达到内外和谐统一美的不可或缺的条件。 4.1 中西方服饰礼着重点及代表服饰西方人注重身份，把衣服变成象征，中国注重韵味。如果说西方服饰文化刻意追求表现人体美，而完全忽视了服饰伦理，那么，中国服饰文化由于受到传统的伦理价值观念的影响还或多或少地保留着一些道德上的体统。而最能代表我们国家的是中山装，西方代表装是西装。 穿中山服时，不仅要扣上全部衣扣，而且要系上领扣，并且不允许挽起衣袖。在穿双排扣西服时，必须扣上全部衣扣。穿单排三粒扣西服时，仅能扣上上一粒或中、上两粒扣子；穿单排两粒扣西服时，只能扣上上一粒扣子；不允许扣上单排扣西服的全部衣扣。在穿西服时，宜穿白色衬衫，并打领带，领带打好后的标准长度，是其下端抵达皮带扣。 西方男士在正式社交场合通常穿保守式样的西装，内穿白衬衫，打领带。他们喜欢黑色，因此一般穿黑色的皮鞋。西方女士在正式场合要穿礼服套装。另外女士外出有戴耳环的习俗。西方国家，尤其是在美国，平时人们喜欢穿着休闲装，如T恤加牛仔服。 当今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化，传统的中山装、旗袍等已退出历史舞台。正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。在平时的市井生活中，倒会看到不少人穿着背心、短裤、拖鞋等不合礼仪的服。 俗话讲，人是衣服，马是鞍。尽管以貌取人并不可取，但是在现代生活中，服饰越来越成为礼仪的一个重要部分，穿着打扮的得体与否，不仅仅是个人品位的体现，更能成为人们彼此考虑的一个尺度。伟大的英国作家莎士比亚曾经说：“一个人的穿着打扮，就是他的教养、品位、地位的最真实的写照”。那么在日常工作和交往中，尤其是在正规的场合，穿着打扮的问题越来越引起我们现代人的重视。 5、结束语礼仪是一种文化，是文化就有纵向的传承和横向的借鉴与融合。 在今天中西方礼仪文化的融合的过程中，我国更多的还是借鉴西方。但无论是借鉴西方的礼仪，或者是我们是自创一套自己的礼仪系统，这在形式上都不难。难的是我们也能有一个完整的价值体系，有对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。我们借鉴西方礼仪，不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式，更应当借鉴其内在灵魂，只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感，才能确立我们的感染力。民族的复兴不仅是实力的复兴，更是一种文化的复兴。只有别人也认同我们的文化，才能真正使我们的礼仪行于世界。 人无礼则不立，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁。一个礼仪缺乏的社会，往往是不成熟的社会。而一个礼仪标准不太统一甚至互相矛盾的社会，往往是一个不和谐的社会。礼仪，是整个社会文明的基础，是社会文明最直接最全面的表现方式。创建和谐社会，必须先从礼仪开始。中国今天面临前所未有的挑战，无论是物质，精神，文化各个方面，都急迫的需要一套完整而合理的价值观进行统一。而礼仪文化无疑是这种统一的“先行军”，只有认清中西礼仪文化的差异，将二者合理有效的融合，方能建立适合中国当代社会的礼仪文化体系，达到和谐社会的理想。参考文献 [1] 金正坤 商务礼仪 北京大学出版社 2004[2] 张占一 试仪焦急文化和知识文化 语言教学与研究 1990[3] 廖文丽 比喻中的中西方文化差异 湘潭大学社会科学学报 2001[4] 吴 冰 中西方文化差异拾零 闽西职业大学学报 2002[5] 邢 东 中美文化差异管窥 全国优秀英语学术论文集 1997[6] 陈 平 商务礼仪 中国电影出版社

Chinese and Western Culture ComparisonWhat are the major differences between chinese and western culture? I'll list down a few differences:West:1. Western culture is based on individualism rather than on mass (collectivism). For instance, in the US, you always talk about individual rights, instead of placing the whole society above your own self. This is clearly different in China where a country, society or family are placed above your own self.2. Western culture is adventurous and exploration based. Westerners like to discover new things, invention and expand outwards. For instance, bungee jumping is considered adventurous and common in western culture, but you will probably find no-one doing such a thing in China.3. Western culture is based on science, which attempts to resolve people and nature's relationship.4. West uses law to resolve people and people's relationship. You can never find 'law' well-established in China. For 2000 years, China is a land that's based on human relationship rather than law. 5. West uses 'god' and religion to resolve human and spiritualism relationship. In case of problems with your own self, you just pray to god.6. A culture that expands and develop outwards.Chinese Culture:1. A culture based on masses (collectivism). People placed country and family above your own self.2. A culture that is based on humanism and people3. To resolve the relationship betwen man and nature, the chinese attempts to fuse the human and 'heaven' as one. (天人和一)4. To resolve people and people's relationship, chinese uses ethics and tolerance (中恕之道)5. To resolve human and spiritualism, chinese emphasizes internal cultivation (修身养性)6. A focus on balance and mean. By 'mean', it means 'middle way'. You don't go into extremism. Peace is always honoured.7. Pay homage to heaven and earth, as well as bearing a remembrance to the homeland. (敬仰天地,思乡怀土) This was accorded to the fact that chinese had been a farming civilization and therefore will be more prone to remember their land.8. A culture that expands internally rather than outwards.Some of the disadvantage of old chinese culture:1. Debase women and chauvanistic2. An over-emphasis on past history instead of present (lacks pragmatism)Can you list some more differences? Any comments and contributions are appreciated.-----------And I must say I am surprised you didn't note the fact that Westerners can be incredibly, crassly ignorant about the world around them, and be arrogant and overbearing about that to boot. I don't believe it is a generalisation when I say that alot of the corporate West's interest in the East is selfish, exploitative, and self-serving.

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

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网上有个什么论文，挺好的