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中西方服饰论文题目

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中西方服饰论文题目

Abstract: Dress culture is a cultural phenomenon unique to human beings. As it has different aesthetic ideas, different dressing concepts and different dress etiquette in China and west, it forms Chinese and western dress culture of the different connotation and characteristics. This thesis is divided into four major sections. The first part describes the different features of Chinese and western dress and why people wear clothing. The second part describes cultural differences between Chinese and western clothing. The third part gives an analysis of Chinese and western dress culture. The last part describes Chinese and western dress aesthetic culture and dress concept. Based on the analysis, the thesis finally draws a conclusion. Chinese and western dress culture each has rich connotation and distinct characteristics, which are precious cultural legacy which is left by human ancestors and are the world culture heritage. At the same time, we treasure our own civilization of five thousand years instead of belittling ourselves. It is significant to promote and develop our unique costume culture. We are confident and make contributions to realizing the rejuvenation of our Chinese nation and enriching the clothing culture of the whole world. Key words: Chinese and western clothing; culture;differences;aesthetic culture and clothing concepts 摘要摘要摘要摘要::::服饰文化是人类特有的文化现象。由于中西方各民族的审美观念、着装理念和服饰礼仪的不同,从而形成了不同内涵、不同特色的中西方服饰文化。本文共分为四部分。第一部分主要介绍了中西服饰的不同特征以及为什么人要穿衣服,第二部分写中西方服饰的差异,第三部分写导致中西方服饰文化差异的原因,第四部分则写中西方服饰审美文化和着装理念。通过以上简单的论述,最后得出结论,中西方服饰文化各具有丰富的内涵和鲜明的特色,她们都是人类祖先留下来的宝贵文化遗产 ,是世界文化的瑰宝。与此同时,我们应该珍惜自己五千年的文明而不是贬低自己的文明。促进和发展我们独特的民族服饰文化具有重要的意义。为了实现我们中华民族的文化复兴和丰富整个世界的文化,让我们自信起来吧! 关键词关键词关键词关键词::::中西服饰;文化;差异性;审美文化与着装理念Introduction Costume culture, carried by costume, is a respect of our physical and spiritual life and a mixture of our psychological activities like consciousness, emotion, idea and ideal. The rapid development of advanced technology makes multiculturalism stand out and also makes conflicts between China and the West increase. In that case, it becomes more and more important to recognize the similarities and differences of costume culture between China and the West. Nowadays, the whole world is, to some extent, dominated by the western costume culture, which has wound its way into the daily life of the whole world, together with technology, life style and values from the West. Quite popular in China, it’s nominally called “internationalization” or “globalization”. In recent years, the costume industry of China has developed swiftly. The “international” costume, featured by the western costume culture, has become a pretty important part of our daily life. However, as our economy takes off, international status rises and living standard improves, a wave of national costume culture resurgence is rising. Moreover, people from the West pay more and more attention to the giant dragon in the East——China. Western costume designers constantly introduce Chinese costume cultural elements to their latest designs. Those phenomena arouse a series of thoughts: what distinguishes Chinese costume culture from the western one? Are there any similarities between them? What kind of costume culture will we Chinese hold as the mainstream in the future, the so-called “international” western one, the Chinese one or the fusion of the two? To obtain the answers to these questions, we are supposed to study and contrast carefully the characteristics and developing processes of them, and then draw some regularity. To contrast the costume culture between China and the West, it is necessary for us to master a good knowledge of the Chinese and western costume cultural characteristics.Chapter 1 Chinese and western dress 1.1 The different features of Chinese and western dress China is known as “Xia” as it’s a land of propriety, and it’s also known as “Hua” with the beauty of its costume. (①《左传》p83) Our national costume is Hanfu. It originated in the Yanhuang era, formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and officially took form in Han Dynasty. That’s the reason why it’s called “Hanfu”. Since then, in spite of historical evolutions of all ages, their basic characteristics have never changed. Hanfu, on the whole, can be divided into four developing stages: Zhou Han Hanfu, Wei Jin Hanfu, Sui Tang Hanfu and Song Ming Hanfu. Zhou Han Hanfu was featured by dignity and simplicity, while Wei Jin Hanfu by chic and elegance, Sui Tang Hanfu by dignified, graceful, elegant and poised style. Hanfu in Song and Ming Dynasties epitomizes the characteristics of the past-simple, dignified, elegant, etc. In Qing Dynasty, Hanfu was forbidden by the government and disappeared from the land of China. The main features of Chinese clothing are focusing on the right collar’s overlap, the band deducted hidden, big sleeves, no buttons and using string binding, giving the impression of free and easy flowing. These characteristics are obviously different from those of other ethnic costumes. Hanfu is divided into uniform and common clothing. With strict standards, uniform is dressed on formal occasions while the common clothing, without long sleeves, is very convenient to people’s daily life. However, the western clothing is different form the Chinese clothing. The West belongs to Marine civilization, it emphasizes the subjective and objective separation and that we should rationally treat clothing, advocate releasing personality, stress dress effect and be good at showing beautiful the posture of the body. Besides, we use various clipping, color collocation means to perfect bodily curve and give a person with visual comfort in the modeling. A suit, also known as a business suit, comprises a collection of matching clothing consisting of: a coat﹙commonly known as a jacket﹚,a waistcoat﹙optional﹚﹙USA vest﹚for men, a pair of trousers﹙USA pants﹚, or for women, a shirt or trousers. A suit is generally accompanied by torment, a shirt and tie or for women, a blouse. 1.2 Why people wear clothingChinese people are concerned more about its social function of helping to rule a country well than that of keeping warm or decorating. It has a lot to do with ruling a country to regulate the dressing way of the common people. Nevertheless, the westerners pay more attention to its wealth value and function. Therefore, people put on clothing for functional and social reasons. 1.2.1 The functional reason The first use of clothing is to resist the cold and cover the body. Functions of clothing include providing the human body protection against extremes of climate (extreme heat, icy winters, and drenching storms) and protection against insects, noxious, chemicals, and contact with abrasive substances. In sum, clothing protects human beings against anything that might injure the naked, unprotected human body. 1.2.2 The social reason Clothing also delivers social messages to other humans. Social messages sent by clothing, accessories, and decorations can involve social status, occupation, ethnic and religious belief, marital status, cultural degree and sexual availability, etc. For example, only Roman citizens can wear “Toga” in Rome while dragon robe can only be dressed by the emperor in China.

中西方服饰的文化差异毕业论文

Abstract: Dress culture is a cultural phenomenon unique to human beings. As it has different aesthetic ideas, different dressing concepts and different dress etiquette in China and west, it forms Chinese and western dress culture of the different connotation and characteristics. This thesis is divided into four major sections. The first part describes the different features of Chinese and western dress and why people wear clothing. The second part describes cultural differences between Chinese and western clothing. The third part gives an analysis of Chinese and western dress culture. The last part describes Chinese and western dress aesthetic culture and dress concept. Based on the analysis, the thesis finally draws a conclusion. Chinese and western dress culture each has rich connotation and distinct characteristics, which are precious cultural legacy which is left by human ancestors and are the world culture heritage. At the same time, we treasure our own civilization of five thousand years instead of belittling ourselves. It is significant to promote and develop our unique costume culture. We are confident and make contributions to realizing the rejuvenation of our Chinese nation and enriching the clothing culture of the whole world. Key words: Chinese and western clothing; culture;differences;aesthetic culture and clothing concepts 摘要摘要摘要摘要::::服饰文化是人类特有的文化现象。由于中西方各民族的审美观念、着装理念和服饰礼仪的不同,从而形成了不同内涵、不同特色的中西方服饰文化。本文共分为四部分。第一部分主要介绍了中西服饰的不同特征以及为什么人要穿衣服,第二部分写中西方服饰的差异,第三部分写导致中西方服饰文化差异的原因,第四部分则写中西方服饰审美文化和着装理念。通过以上简单的论述,最后得出结论,中西方服饰文化各具有丰富的内涵和鲜明的特色,她们都是人类祖先留下来的宝贵文化遗产 ,是世界文化的瑰宝。与此同时,我们应该珍惜自己五千年的文明而不是贬低自己的文明。促进和发展我们独特的民族服饰文化具有重要的意义。为了实现我们中华民族的文化复兴和丰富整个世界的文化,让我们自信起来吧! 关键词关键词关键词关键词::::中西服饰;文化;差异性;审美文化与着装理念Introduction Costume culture, carried by costume, is a respect of our physical and spiritual life and a mixture of our psychological activities like consciousness, emotion, idea and ideal. The rapid development of advanced technology makes multiculturalism stand out and also makes conflicts between China and the West increase. In that case, it becomes more and more important to recognize the similarities and differences of costume culture between China and the West. Nowadays, the whole world is, to some extent, dominated by the western costume culture, which has wound its way into the daily life of the whole world, together with technology, life style and values from the West. Quite popular in China, it’s nominally called “internationalization” or “globalization”. In recent years, the costume industry of China has developed swiftly. The “international” costume, featured by the western costume culture, has become a pretty important part of our daily life. However, as our economy takes off, international status rises and living standard improves, a wave of national costume culture resurgence is rising. Moreover, people from the West pay more and more attention to the giant dragon in the East——China. Western costume designers constantly introduce Chinese costume cultural elements to their latest designs. Those phenomena arouse a series of thoughts: what distinguishes Chinese costume culture from the western one? Are there any similarities between them? What kind of costume culture will we Chinese hold as the mainstream in the future, the so-called “international” western one, the Chinese one or the fusion of the two? To obtain the answers to these questions, we are supposed to study and contrast carefully the characteristics and developing processes of them, and then draw some regularity. To contrast the costume culture between China and the West, it is necessary for us to master a good knowledge of the Chinese and western costume cultural characteristics.Chapter 1 Chinese and western dress 1.1 The different features of Chinese and western dress China is known as “Xia” as it’s a land of propriety, and it’s also known as “Hua” with the beauty of its costume. (①《左传》p83) Our national costume is Hanfu. It originated in the Yanhuang era, formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and officially took form in Han Dynasty. That’s the reason why it’s called “Hanfu”. Since then, in spite of historical evolutions of all ages, their basic characteristics have never changed. Hanfu, on the whole, can be divided into four developing stages: Zhou Han Hanfu, Wei Jin Hanfu, Sui Tang Hanfu and Song Ming Hanfu. Zhou Han Hanfu was featured by dignity and simplicity, while Wei Jin Hanfu by chic and elegance, Sui Tang Hanfu by dignified, graceful, elegant and poised style. Hanfu in Song and Ming Dynasties epitomizes the characteristics of the past-simple, dignified, elegant, etc. In Qing Dynasty, Hanfu was forbidden by the government and disappeared from the land of China. The main features of Chinese clothing are focusing on the right collar’s overlap, the band deducted hidden, big sleeves, no buttons and using string binding, giving the impression of free and easy flowing. These characteristics are obviously different from those of other ethnic costumes. Hanfu is divided into uniform and common clothing. With strict standards, uniform is dressed on formal occasions while the common clothing, without long sleeves, is very convenient to people’s daily life. However, the western clothing is different form the Chinese clothing. The West belongs to Marine civilization, it emphasizes the subjective and objective separation and that we should rationally treat clothing, advocate releasing personality, stress dress effect and be good at showing beautiful the posture of the body. Besides, we use various clipping, color collocation means to perfect bodily curve and give a person with visual comfort in the modeling. A suit, also known as a business suit, comprises a collection of matching clothing consisting of: a coat﹙commonly known as a jacket﹚,a waistcoat﹙optional﹚﹙USA vest﹚for men, a pair of trousers﹙USA pants﹚, or for women, a shirt or trousers. A suit is generally accompanied by torment, a shirt and tie or for women, a blouse. 1.2 Why people wear clothingChinese people are concerned more about its social function of helping to rule a country well than that of keeping warm or decorating. It has a lot to do with ruling a country to regulate the dressing way of the common people. Nevertheless, the westerners pay more attention to its wealth value and function. Therefore, people put on clothing for functional and social reasons. 1.2.1 The functional reason The first use of clothing is to resist the cold and cover the body. Functions of clothing include providing the human body protection against extremes of climate (extreme heat, icy winters, and drenching storms) and protection against insects, noxious, chemicals, and contact with abrasive substances. In sum, clothing protects human beings against anything that might injure the naked, unprotected human body. 1.2.2 The social reason Clothing also delivers social messages to other humans. Social messages sent by clothing, accessories, and decorations can involve social status, occupation, ethnic and religious belief, marital status, cultural degree and sexual availability, etc. For example, only Roman citizens can wear “Toga” in Rome while dragon robe can only be dressed by the emperor in China.

由于我国与西方的生活习惯以及民族习俗的不同,中西方 文化 存在许多差异。下面是我为大家整理的中西方文化差异论文,供大家参考。

摘要: 从历史文化的角度来说,中西方文化无论从萌芽、发展到现在的格局无疑是各具特色的。一个偏重群体关系和整体作用,提倡大家庭理论;一个偏重个体能力和英雄主义,提倡自由万岁。在两个文化理念截然相反的作用下,我们必须融合两者意识上的差异,在文化层次本身找到共性,以利于整个人类文化的发展。

关键词: 差异;价值观;文化

0 引言

历史发展至今,中西方文化就像两条时而胶着、时而分离的不规则线,同样源远流长,同样博大精深。自成体系、相互交融。但,无论任何时候,两者从未有过平行的时候,因此,研究世界文化不可能单一的研究中西方某个文化,而应全面、系统的对中西方文化加以研究。

1 关于中西方文化

1.1 文化的定义 著名人类学学者泰勒(Edward Burnett Tylor)这样给文化定义:“文化或者文明就是由作为社会成员的人所获得的、包括知识、信念、艺术、道德法则、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯的复杂整体。”这个定义已经比较权威。在此,我们将文化定义为人和环境互动而产生的精神 、物质成果的总和。这个总和中可以包括生活方式、价值观、知识、技术成果,以及一切经过人的改造和理解而别具人文特色的物质对象。

1.2 中国文化定义 中国文化一般指中国 传统文化 ,它是中华民族在长期历史发展中形成的,是中国各民族集体智慧的结晶。汉族是中华民族的主干民族,对中国文化的形成和发展起了重要的作用,其他少数民族也对中国文化做出过不可抹杀的贡献。

1.3 西方文化定义 西方文化和东方文化一样,源远流长,气象万千。一般是指发源于古希腊、罗马时期,浸染了中世纪的____传统,兴盛于文艺复兴、宗教改革,经启蒙运动而最终确立,并且近几百年来大盛于西欧北美的文化系统。

2 中西方文化的特点

中西方文化均源远流长、气象万千,两种文明都经历了几千年历史的发展演化才成型。迄今,无数学者为更好的研究两种文明,划分了各种各样的时期或时代,以将历史分割成各个有机统一的整体加以研究。在此,笔者参考各权威观点,结合自己的观点,在权威学说的基础上以阶段性为前提,简单描述一下中西方文化各自的特点,以便更好的对论题加以研究。

2.1 中国文化的特点 中国文化在西周时期创造出了中华文明的母形。这一时期建立了“余一人“的专制王权思想,敬德与重民思想开始萌芽,西周时期我国宗法社会与宗法文化开始成型,并且对后世中国文化脉络和思潮的演化产生了深远影响。战国时期,平民观点开始兴起,以孔子、孟子、墨子、老子、韩非子等为杰出代表。我国出现百家争鸣的文化发展状况。以仁为核心的儒家思想成为中国文化的中心。同时法家、道家思想并立。至此在几千年的发展过程中,中国形成了以“谦、恭、信、敏、慧”为核心的文化思想观、以“学而优则仕”的文化价值观。总的来说,中国文化就是细节服务于整体、突出整体效果的文化模式。

2.2 西方文化的特点 西方文化经过中世纪____文化的长期统治,阿拉伯文化的融入,随着资本主义经济萌芽的出现,出现了影响深远的文艺复兴和宗教改革。经过17世纪的科学革命,18世纪的启蒙运动,现代西方文化到19世纪臻于成熟,并向全世界扩张。西方文化在20世纪面临着来自内外多方面的挑战。现代主义、后现代主义只反映了现代西方文化的一个方面,表现出其躁动不安的情绪,远远不能概括其全貌。在几千年的发展过程中,西方文化形成了以“争”为核心的文化思想观、以自然科学和科研为核心的文化发展观。总的来说,西方文化就是突出细节、突出个体效果的文化模式。

3 中西方文化差异

3.1 西方文化文化的发展态势不同 中国文化中整体上来看,属于一种静态文化、一种家国文化。由于中国所处地理环境较为优越,给予了人一个可以长期居住生产的环境,所以,这种长期居住在同一个地方的条件便使家族发展的很快,安居乐业、居安而不思流动,就容易促使静态的文化模式发展。家族繁衍、代代相传,家族纽带越来越复杂,尊老和祭祖现象就必然在这样的发展模式下产生,家族观念,宗法制度也就逐渐形成并根深蒂固了。所以说,中国为什么叫家国,因为,家就是国、国就是家,家和国仅仅是规模上的差别,于此,这种静态文化和家国文化直接促成了中国仁、孝、礼、信为核心的贵和尚中的中庸思想。

而西方文化则属于一种动态文化、一种斗争文化。西方文化三大起源(古希腊文明、罗马文明和____文明)均源自地中海沿岸,西方的地理环境、气候促成了流动性较强的文化。并直接促使西方人的家庭观念相对薄弱,个人主义、自由主义等价值观念得以发展传承,由此产生的竞争意识、斗争文化更是西方文化发展的原动力。

3.2 中西方文化中的伦理观念不同 中国文化主张家庭伦理本位,而西方文化主张个人本位。上点已经提到,中国以家国主义文化为核心思想文化,以家族为本位,家庭便有长幼之序,夫妻之分,家庭成员各安其分,各尽义务,即“尽伦”!孟子认为:圣人是“人伦之民”,伦的核心是“绝对服从”,幼服长,妻服夫。使家变得如此重要的原因之一就是“孝”,“百善孝为先”,“孝道”是中国的国本,国粹,中国自古就有孝的文化,有以孝治天下之说.家与孝原本有伟大的理性意义,但由于过分强调,终成了一种过分的家族意识,而忽略了个人自由的发展,“存天理,灭人欲”,以个人向群体负责为人生宗旨。

而西方的地理环境及种种社会关系导致个人主义的兴起,导致家庭、家族纽带功能相对松弛。“上帝面前人人平等”的____义充分说明了西方文化中追求人格独立的特点,骑士精神、英雄主义的盛行源自于此。个人权利任何人不得侵犯,信奉个人本位、自我中心,这种个人本位思想使即使亲人间的界限也划分得非常明确,AA制、强调子女独立生活,喜欢谈论一己之所得。伯克哈特在《意大利文艺复兴时期的文化》一书中,认为只有个人得到充分的发展才能有社会的充分发展。存在主义把这个基本观念推向了极端,鼓吹“人是绝对自由的”,“他人就是我的地狱”。 3.3 中西方文化对人与自然的基本观点不同 杜维民教授认为:“中国文化关注的对象是人”。人与人的关系是中国文化关心的核心与基础问题,战国时期,我国就形成了以“仁”为核心的儒家思想,所以政治伦理学相当发达。而西方文化较多关注的是自然,人与自然的关系是古希腊注重的中心问题,由此衍生出理智和科技。

中国的哲学是一种人生哲学。儒家强调人在社会要有所作为,道家追求长生,佛家强调人的觉悟。同时建立了君臣、父子等一套人与人之间的伦理关系,学而优则仕成为中国社会主流思想。而科学研究可发现自然规律的探究行为并未得到重视。在处理人与自然的关系上,中国文化讲究“天人合一”、“顺天应物”。把自然人格化,追求人与自然和谐发展。

从古希腊泰勒斯的自然哲学开始,探索自然奥秘,开发和利用自然资源为人类服务就成为了欧洲思想的主流。西方科学起源与对自然的探索和研究,很早就出现了毕达哥拉斯、阿基米得这样名垂千古的科学家.在人与自然的关系上,西方文化认为人与自然处于对立的斗争状态,因而产生了与中国文化不同的对自然的态度,即人可以征服,控制自然。西方人也讲人与人之间的关系,但首先关注的不是伦理而是竞争,因而出现了“优胜劣汰”的规律。

4 中西方文化的文化价值观和文化结构不同

中国文化强调“诗言志”、“文以载道”和“天人合一”的文化价值观和整体综合。中国文化讲究有利于社会、有利于教化民众,中国广大文人苦读孔孟、圣人之学,学而优则仕,为的是齐家治国平天下。“托物言志”、“诗以言志”成了中国大部分文学作品的特色。同时也是“中国式特色”。现代西方文化倡导“为艺术而艺术”和多元的文化观。从康德提出“美只是形式”开始,纯粹的美感不应渗进任何愿望、任何需要、任何意志活动的说法在西方现代美学中成为占支配地位的思潮。克罗齐主张直觉即艺术,主张衡量艺术只有一个标准,即艺术标准。西方文化中的多元文化观包括两个方面,其一是文化形成的多元性;二是文化构成的多元性。

在文化结构方面,中国以整体综合见长,强调整体的作用;而西方以细节分析见长,突出个体的作用。例如,在时间、地址的书写顺序上,中国习惯按年、月、日,国家、省、市等由整体到部分开始书写,而西方恰恰相反。在姓氏排列上,中国姓氏先是宗族、辈分然后才是名,突出的是氏族整体;而西方姓氏先是自己名字、然后才是父名、族姓,突出的是个人。

在中西方文化的重要表现形式上,西方文化主张个人荣誉、自我中心、创新精神和个性自由,而中国文化是群体文化,主张谦虚谨慎、关心他人、助人为乐、无私奉献、中庸之道和团结协作。

值得注意的是,以上所说并不是说中国文化相对与西方文化来说是不变的文化,是封闭的文化。中国文化是强调“和平、稳定”;但这不意味着就是不变与封闭。中国哲学强调“天人和一”;而要达到这种境界,必须具有“海纳百川”胸怀和“户枢不蠹”的发展性眼光看待天地;因此,在中国古代的知识分子中一直强调“兼容”与“动”的观念。久而久之,就形成了中国文化所特有的包容性与变化观点——“仁者乐水,智者乐山”便是这种观点的具体体现。

参考文献:

[1]马文·哈里斯.文化人自然—普通人类学导引[M].浙江人民出版社1992年版.

[2]谢遐龄.中国政治思想史[M].高等 教育 出版社,2003.

[3]辜正坤.中西方文化比较.博览群书,2001.2

[4]冯承柏,王中田,俞久洪.西方文化精义[M].华中理工大学出版社,1998

一个国家无论是在政治上,还是在经济贸易中,了解对方国家的礼仪习惯,将有利于各国之间的交往。一个人了解对方的礼仪民间习惯,是对对方的尊重,能够给对方留下一个好印象,以便交往的顺利进行。

随着东西方文化的不断发展,东西方的礼仪正在相互融合,西方人逐渐地接受了东方文化中重情感等合理因素,东方人也逐渐地接受了西方文化中先进文明的礼仪和交往方式。但在现实生活中,由于东西方文化的差异而对礼仪产生的影响还很多,为此 出国 留学 网我就以下几方面具体探讨东西方文化差异对礼仪所产生的影响:

一、社会交往方式的差异对礼仪的影响

东西方文化都非常重视 人际交往 ,但在交往的观念、交往的方式上都有着明显的差别。如中国人热情好客,在人际交往中饱含热情,问寒问暖,似乎没有什么可保留的,对于了解有关年龄、职业、收入、婚姻状况、子女等问题,觉得都理所当然。而在西方国家中,特别重视对方的隐私权。个人稳私主要包括:个人状况(年龄、工作、收入、婚姻、子女等)、政治观念(支持或反对何种党派)、宗教信仰(信仰什么宗教)、个人行为动向(去何种地方,与谁交往、通信)等。凡是涉及到个人隐私的都不能直接过问。西方人一般不愿意干涉别人的私生活和个人隐私,也不愿意被别人干涉。比如,很多中国人会直接询问别人所买物品的价格。因为在中国人看来,物品的贵贱只是表示该物品的质量。

而在西方人眼里,如果你直接询问别人所购物品的价格,就可能是探问对方的经济条件,因此,这也是西方人的隐私,属于不宜直接询问的问题。如果你想了解该物品的价格,只能委婉地夸耀、赞赏该物品,而这样的情况下西方人一般也只告诉你该物品的贵或贱,一般不会告诉你准确价格。中国人见面打招呼时喜欢问一句“去哪儿啊?”,这是招呼的一种形式。而在美国,你如果问朋友上哪儿去,则可能会使对方尴尬,因为这也属于对方的隐私,是你不该过问的。另外,人际交往的空间距离可以分为亲密距离、个人距离、社交距离、公共距离四种。中国人的空间距离相对较近。我们在大街上经常可以看到两个中国少女挽臂亲昵而行,而在西方则很少见到。西方人觉得中国人过于亲近,而中国人又会觉得西方人过于冷淡、傲慢,过分疏远,是不友好的表现。如果中国人发现交际对方的衣服上有根线头,他会很自然地帮助对方摘掉;而在西方人眼里,这是不礼貌之举。中国人看到朋友穿了件非常漂亮的衣服,会上前摸一摸,询问价钱或质地;而西方人则不会这样做,他们更多的是羡慕,并直接赞美。概而言之,这都是东西方文化观念差异所致。东方人非常重义、重情,西方人则崇尚个人独立。

二、个人人生观的差异对礼仪的影响

(一)个人荣誉感与谦虚谨慎 西方人崇拜个人奋斗,尤其为个人取得的成就而自豪,从来不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感以及在获得成就后的狂喜。而相反,中国文化却不主张炫耀个人荣誉,则提倡谦虚谨慎。一般来说,中国人大多反对或蔑视王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂,然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人感到不满。例如,“your English is very good,”“No,no,my English is very poor”;“you've done a nice job,”“No,I don't think so.It's the result of joint efforts.”,这在中国人看来当然是一种谦虚的说法,而在西方人看来,不仅否定了自己,还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。可见,这种中国式的谦虚在西方资本主义的竞争市场是行不通的。

(二)自我中心与无私奉献 西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强,主要表现在:1.自己为自己负责。在弱肉强食的社会,每个人生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力,因此,每个人都必须自我奋斗,把个人利益放在第一位;2.不习惯关心他人,帮助他人,不过问他人的事情。正由于以上两点,主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方往往就成为令人难堪的事。因为接受帮助只能证明自己无能,而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人私事。 中国人的行为准则是“我对他人,对社会是否有用”,个人的价值是在奉献中体现出来的。中国文化推崇一种高尚的情操———无私奉献。在中国,主动关心别人,给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德,因此,中国人不论别人的大事小事,家事私事都愿主动关心,而这在西方则会被视为“多管闲事”。

(三)创新精神与中庸之道 西方文化鼓励人民开拓创新,做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。而传统的中国文化则要求人们不偏不倚,走中庸之道,中国人善于预见未来的危险性,更愿意维护现状,保持和谐。当然,近年来我国也大力提倡创新改革,但务实求稳之心态仍处处体现。冒险精神仍是不能与西方人相比的。 (四)个性自由与团结协作 西方人十分珍视个人自由,喜欢随心所欲,独往独行,不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义,主张个人利益服从集体利益,主张同甘共苦,团结合作,步调一致。

三、法制观念的不同对礼仪的影响

东方文化以儒家思想为代表,而儒家思想重义轻利。为了兄弟朋友的情义,可以网开一面,甚至不惜一切代价,其结果往往是行为过头,丧失了更多的应得利益。比如中国人重人情,人情味浓厚。有句老话:“血浓于水”“亲不亲,故乡人,美不美,家乡水。”这些话所包含的意思是人情影响判断,人情重于道义。“水”,即使不美,但只要是家乡水,那也就美了,这就是情重于理的表现。甚至有时会情重于法,这主要是因为中国历来有情影响法的制度空间,也就是说,我们中国人先讲合情,再讲合理,然后讲合法。

若合法而不合情合理,这法就难以执行,若合情合理,有法也可以不依。 而西方人则是倒过来的。西人重法,不重人情。法在理前,理在情前。我们时常看到西方父子之间、夫妻之间、朋友之间上法庭打官司。有些事明明不合情不合理,但合法,吃亏者也只有自认倒霉,旁观者也只能容忍。但若有的事不合法,即使合情合理,西人也会争论不休,直到闹上法庭。 在情理法的中国,人情味浓厚,什么事都可以想想办法,托托人情,走走关系。这是一种自然 保险 系统,人们容易在艰苦的环境下渡过难关。因此在中国,人事关系极为重要,生活之中充满天伦之乐。但也容易产生不公正;在法理情的西方国家,人情似纸,相互之间可说是“鸡犬之声相闻,老死不相往来”。有什么矛盾,先讲理,后上法庭,简单明了。西方人虽淡薄人情,却十分讲公正、平等,即使是一介草民,只要是真正合理合法,就是同总理打官司,他也照样可以打赢。在西方国家生活,有点像广寒宫里,富裕、 清明 、漂亮,却有一般寒冷之感。尤其是老人,孤孤单单,踽踽独行,在我们中国人看来甚是可怜。

四、社会习俗的不同对礼仪的影响

在东方文化中,男士往往倍受尊重,这主要受封建礼制男尊女卑观念的影响。在现代社会,东方文化也主张男女平等,但在许多时候,男士的地位仍然较女士有优越性,女士仍有受歧视的现象。在欧美等西方国家,尊重妇女是其传统风俗,女士优先是西方国家交际中的原则之一。无论在何种公共场合,男士都要照顾女士,比如,握手时,女士先伸手,然后男士才能随之;赴宴时,男士要先让女士坐下,女士先点菜,进门时,女士先行;上下电梯,女士在前等等。现在,随着东西方文化交流的加深,西方的女士优先原则在东方国家也备受青睐。东西方文化的交融,也使东西方礼仪日趋融合、统一,更具国际化。

再如,在处理长幼关系时,以中国为代表的东方国家对待长者特别尊敬、孝敬。比如,在许多中国人看来,如果老人有子女,年老时子女把老人送到养老院或敬老院去生活,这就是不孝,过年过节儿女一般要和老人一起过。在中国农村一些地方,过年时,晚辈都要给长辈行跪拜礼。而在西方国家,由于崇尚自立,儿女成年后和父母间的来往则越来越少,致使许多老人时常感到孤独,晚年生活有一种凄凉感。

五、等级观念的差异对礼仪的影响

东方文化等级观念强烈。无论是在组织里,还是在家庭里,忽略等级、地位就是非礼。尽管传统礼制中的等级制度已被消除,但等级观念至今仍对东方文化产生影响。在中国,传统的君臣、父子等级观念在中国人的头脑中仍根深蒂固。父亲在儿子的眼中、教师在学生的眼中有着绝对的权威,家庭背景在人的成长中仍起着相当重要的作用。另外,中国式的家庭结构比较复杂,传统的幸福家庭是四代同堂。在这样的家庭中,老人帮助照看小孩,儿孙们长大后帮助扶养老人,家庭成员之间互相依赖,互相帮助,密切了亲情关系。 在西方国家,除了英国等少数国家有着世袭贵族和森严的等级制度外,大多数西方国家都倡导平等观念。

特别在美国,崇尚人人平等,很少人以自己显赫的家庭背景为荣,也很少人以自己贫寒出身为耻,因他们都知道,只要自己努力,是一定能取得成功的。正如美国一句流行的 谚语 所言:“只要努力,牛仔也能当总统。”(If working hard, even acowboy can be president.)在家庭中,美国人不讲等级,只要彼此尊重,父母与子女可直呼其名。他们的家庭观念往往比较淡薄,不愿为家庭做出太多牺牲。 当然,中西方文化的不同导致的礼仪上的差异还有很多,比如服饰礼仪、进餐礼仪等等,由于篇幅等多方面的制约,在此不能一一深入探讨。总之,中西方之间有各自的文化习惯,由此也产生了不少不同的交往习惯。因此,随着我国经济的发展和对外交流、贸易的不断增加,我们不但有必要在与外国人交往或者前往别的国家去之前,了解对方国家的礼仪习惯,而且必须加强专业礼仪人才的培养,提高全民礼仪意识,这不仅是对对方的尊重,也给我们自己带来了便利,不但能避免了不必要的麻烦与误会,还能在现代社会的多方竞争中争取主动,取得良好的结果或效益。

如果说西方服饰文化刻意追求表现人体美,而完全忽视了服饰伦理,那么,中国服饰文化由于受到传统的伦理价值观念的影响还或多或少地保留着一些道德上的体统。譬如《礼记·王制》说:“作淫声异服。奇球奇器以疑众,杀!”(易·系辞》认为:‘始容诲淫”。《左传》称“贪色为淫”。《系辞》是秦、汗间的儒生所作,其后,赵飞燕、梁冀及其妻子等在服饰上的追求奇异和生活的淫乱,更说明了“冶容诲淫”。然而,尽管中国传统服饰文化没有或者很少突出对人体美的直接赞赏,但在一些古典文学作品里不乏对人体美的描写。从《诗经》,骚赋到明清的小说和传奇,其中都有这类描写,譬如“肌如白雪,腰如束素”。“肤如凝脂”、“虎背熊腰”,而且更多的是人与服饰共同构成的美的形象;“著我绣荚裙,事事四五通,足上蹑丝履,头上玳瑁光,腰若流纨素,耳著明月铛,指如削葱根,口如含珠丹,纤纤作细步,精妙世无双。”(《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》);“三月三日天气新,长安水边多丽人。态浓意远淑且真,肌理细腻骨肉匀。绣罗衣赏照暮春,蹙金孔雀银麒麟。头上何所有?翠微訇叶垂鬓唇。背后何所见?珠压腰 稳称身。”(《丽人行》)或许有人会以现代女性服装中的旗袍为例,来证明中国女装也着重表现人体的自然美,其实,这种旗袍是在本世纪上半叶受西方服饰审美趣味影响的结果,直至光绪年间,旗袍还不是现在的式样。传统旗袍在肩、胸、腰、臂、臀等部位的表现与突出人体美的西方女性服装完全不一样。和西方服饰艺术不同的是:中国服饰艺术不是突出人体美,而是充分调动艺术造型等手段追求一种装饰美,即一种超越形体的精神空间。从中国清朝以前的服装款式来看,遮蔽人体的宽抱大油是中国传统服饰的主流。既使某些人的形体很美,这种服装也不去展现这个美的形体。《资治通鉴》引萧何的话说:“天子以四海为家,不壮不丽无以重威,”从这层意义上去看宽抱大袖的中国古代皇帝礼服,我们应会明白它们为什么不去表现皇帝的形体美,而是着重写意传神,突出他们端庄威严的精神力量。屈原在《涉江》中言:“余幼好此奇服兮,年既老而不衰,带长铗之陆离兮,冠切云之崔嵬。”他以穿戴富有自己个性的服饰来表现自己愤世嫉俗,不趋炎附势的气度和情怀。西方服饰人体直观美和中国服饰人体装饰美的区别反映了两种文化形态价值取向的不同。林语堂就曾经指出:“大约中西服装哲学上不同之点,在于西装意在表现人身形体,而中装意在遮盖它。”(《生活的艺术》)莱辛说:“我承认衣服也有一种美,但是比起人体美来,衣服美算得上什么呢?”(转引自《西方美学家论美和美感》)而林语堂则持相反观点:“只有在没有美感的社会,才可以容得住西装……西装的式样是这样的,使街上的行人都会知道你的腰身是三十二寸或三十八寸……一般痴肥的四十岁妇女,穿起祖胸露背的晚服来赴歌剧的初夜公演,这也是西洋发明的刺目事物之一。(《生活的艺术》) 然而,由于中国服饰文化缺乏象伊斯兰一样的宗教观念的制约,所以很难抵卸西方突出人体美的服饰审美价值观的侵蚀。近代的旗袍和现代都市女性的各种扭四人体的服装便证明了这一点。中国有句俗语:“穿衣戴帽各随所好”。这说明中国服饰文化在一定程度上缺少伦理的约束。 当然西方服饰也吸收中国传统服饰的某些特点,譬如,当中国现代服装采用西方女装那种坦肩露背的领式时,西方则采用中国旗袍的立式领,但西方对中国传统服饰特点的吸收和借鉴毕竟是微乎甚微的。中国传统服饰的审美价值观不可能从整体上去改变或者去替代西方人的审美定势,而西方服饰文化则已形成对中国传统服饰文化的强大冲击波,中国人似乎不知不觉地在面临着服饰上的异化。 和伊斯兰服饰文化不同的另一个方面是:中西当代和现代服饰最引人注目的一个特点是:服饰款式不断翻新,追求品牌,高速淘汰,从而给经济资源带来巨大的浪费。这同反对奢靡浪费的伊斯兰服饰伦理学形成了鲜明的对比。翻阅近二十年来中西各国时装杂志,我们很容易发现,许多服装款式的平均寿命只有三至六个月,甚至更短。仅以裙子的款式为例,在二十世纪七十年代就有“中庸裙”、“密实裙”、“密摺把裙装”、“开裙”、“层叠裙装”、古典式裙装”相继问世。许多服装设计师每年都要推出许多新的服装款式,在不断地人为地刺激服装款式高消费的同时也不断地刺激人们的其他欲望。据国外有关资料报道,当英国王妃戴安娜得知自己被列为一九八三年‘十大衣着最差女性”榜首时,感到十分羞傀和难堪,连英国的许多平民百姓也为她祈祷。这一事例极具有讽刺意义。它表明:服饰早已超越了普通人,甚认为,服饰不仅具有实用和装饰的功效,而且更重要的是,它有体现人类在信仰上的崇高精神境界的作用和意义。而中西服饰文化则将服饰艺术视为服装设计的首要原则,前者重装饰艺术;后者重人体艺术。伦理观念对服装设计与制作的调节作用受到不同程度的弱化或摈弃。甚至是英国成员的消费标准和审美标准。这种情形正如乔维诺.庞达诺曾指出的:“我们每天都看到服装是这样变更花样,四个月前还认为满意的服装,今天就已经过时而遭到摈弃。这种放荡不羁,只能受到谴责而无法加以禁止。”(《君主论》)虽然服装上的铺张浪费和追求新奇效应在中国传统服饰文化中从未占据主导地位,但不少有识之士对此却有警世之言在先,譬如,墨子就曾讲过:“为衣服之法,冬则练帛之中,足以为轻且暖;夏则缔络之中,足以为轻且清,谨此则止。故圣人之为衣服,适身体和肌肤而足矣,非荣耳而观愚民也……当今之主,其为衣服……铸金色为钩,珠玉以为佩,女工作文采,男工作刻接,以为身服。此非云益暖之情也,单财劳力,毕归之于无用也。以此观之,其为衣服,非为身体,皆为现好。是以其民淫僻而难治,其君奢侈而难谏也。”(《墨子·辞过》)墨子的话语是多么的中肯和精辟,但至今仍遭非议。 此外,当今的有些时装设计师还有意追求某种荒诞离奇的视觉效应。譬如在西方和日本等国曾一度流行过的“乞丐装”,人们故意把衣服弄破,东拖一片,西挂一片,甚至弄成衣不蔽体的样子。或者用陈旧肮脏的布来制作。 至于伊斯兰服饰伦理学坚决反对的男扮女装,女扮男装,在中西现代服饰中更是司空见惯,屡见不鲜。我们在街上常常可以看到身着男式服饰的所谓“假小子”和头扎辫子,耳戴金环的妖艳男子。还有些服装似乎是受了西方女权主义思潮的影响,有意在消除两性之间的特征差别,提倡所谓:中性服饰”或者“服饰中性化”。 一、伊斯兰服饰文化是以伊斯兰教义这一最根本的、最合理的价值观作为统摄服饰的文化、历史、时代、心理、审美等诸要素的最高主导思想。伊斯兰服饰艺术根本无需伦理学的干预,因为艺术本身就足以陶冶人们的高尚情操。 二、伊斯兰服饰文化强调服装必须遮盖羞体。因为虽然人体作为安拉的创造物是均称健美的,但人体是有男女之别的。暴露羞体很容易激起本能的情欲,从而败坏道德,使人降格为同动物一般。而西方服饰文化则有意突出人体。在将人体作为一种美来观赏时,忽略了人体美的特殊性及人体审美经验的特殊性,混淆了人体美与其他美的形态之间的差异。这种展现和突出人体的审美观是西方服饰文化的基础。它在某种程度上是古罗马文化的历史沉淀。而中国传统服饰文化虽然在一定程度上受到传统伦理价值观的约束,不是重人体的直观表现,而是重装饰的写意和传神,但这种传统伦理价值观缺少象伊斯兰伦理学一般的坚固支撑——认主独一的正信和后世归宿的最终关怀,因此,很难抵卸西方审美价值观在服饰设计与制作上的非道德化倾向的侵蚀,使自身最终发生异化

隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions above.Keywords: metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " 2.1 metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures 2.1.1 relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. 2.1.2 non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: 2.1.2.1 Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). 2.1.2.2 counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. 2.1.2.3 Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . 2.2 Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. 2.3 in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. 2.4 The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. 2.4.1 metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. 2.4.2 differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. 2.4.3 different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. 3.1 Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.

中西方服饰文化英语论文参考文献

Abstract: Dress culture is a cultural phenomenon unique to human beings. As it has different aesthetic ideas, different dressing concepts and different dress etiquette in China and west, it forms Chinese and western dress culture of the different connotation and characteristics. This thesis is divided into four major sections. The first part describes the different features of Chinese and western dress and why people wear clothing. The second part describes cultural differences between Chinese and western clothing. The third part gives an analysis of Chinese and western dress culture. The last part describes Chinese and western dress aesthetic culture and dress concept. Based on the analysis, the thesis finally draws a conclusion. Chinese and western dress culture each has rich connotation and distinct characteristics, which are precious cultural legacy which is left by human ancestors and are the world culture heritage. At the same time, we treasure our own civilization of five thousand years instead of belittling ourselves. It is significant to promote and develop our unique costume culture. We are confident and make contributions to realizing the rejuvenation of our Chinese nation and enriching the clothing culture of the whole world. Key words: Chinese and western clothing; culture;differences;aesthetic culture and clothing concepts 摘要摘要摘要摘要::::服饰文化是人类特有的文化现象。由于中西方各民族的审美观念、着装理念和服饰礼仪的不同,从而形成了不同内涵、不同特色的中西方服饰文化。本文共分为四部分。第一部分主要介绍了中西服饰的不同特征以及为什么人要穿衣服,第二部分写中西方服饰的差异,第三部分写导致中西方服饰文化差异的原因,第四部分则写中西方服饰审美文化和着装理念。通过以上简单的论述,最后得出结论,中西方服饰文化各具有丰富的内涵和鲜明的特色,她们都是人类祖先留下来的宝贵文化遗产 ,是世界文化的瑰宝。与此同时,我们应该珍惜自己五千年的文明而不是贬低自己的文明。促进和发展我们独特的民族服饰文化具有重要的意义。为了实现我们中华民族的文化复兴和丰富整个世界的文化,让我们自信起来吧! 关键词关键词关键词关键词::::中西服饰;文化;差异性;审美文化与着装理念Introduction Costume culture, carried by costume, is a respect of our physical and spiritual life and a mixture of our psychological activities like consciousness, emotion, idea and ideal. The rapid development of advanced technology makes multiculturalism stand out and also makes conflicts between China and the West increase. In that case, it becomes more and more important to recognize the similarities and differences of costume culture between China and the West. Nowadays, the whole world is, to some extent, dominated by the western costume culture, which has wound its way into the daily life of the whole world, together with technology, life style and values from the West. Quite popular in China, it’s nominally called “internationalization” or “globalization”. In recent years, the costume industry of China has developed swiftly. The “international” costume, featured by the western costume culture, has become a pretty important part of our daily life. However, as our economy takes off, international status rises and living standard improves, a wave of national costume culture resurgence is rising. Moreover, people from the West pay more and more attention to the giant dragon in the East——China. Western costume designers constantly introduce Chinese costume cultural elements to their latest designs. Those phenomena arouse a series of thoughts: what distinguishes Chinese costume culture from the western one? Are there any similarities between them? What kind of costume culture will we Chinese hold as the mainstream in the future, the so-called “international” western one, the Chinese one or the fusion of the two? To obtain the answers to these questions, we are supposed to study and contrast carefully the characteristics and developing processes of them, and then draw some regularity. To contrast the costume culture between China and the West, it is necessary for us to master a good knowledge of the Chinese and western costume cultural characteristics.Chapter 1 Chinese and western dress 1.1 The different features of Chinese and western dress China is known as “Xia” as it’s a land of propriety, and it’s also known as “Hua” with the beauty of its costume. (①《左传》p83) Our national costume is Hanfu. It originated in the Yanhuang era, formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and officially took form in Han Dynasty. That’s the reason why it’s called “Hanfu”. Since then, in spite of historical evolutions of all ages, their basic characteristics have never changed. Hanfu, on the whole, can be divided into four developing stages: Zhou Han Hanfu, Wei Jin Hanfu, Sui Tang Hanfu and Song Ming Hanfu. Zhou Han Hanfu was featured by dignity and simplicity, while Wei Jin Hanfu by chic and elegance, Sui Tang Hanfu by dignified, graceful, elegant and poised style. Hanfu in Song and Ming Dynasties epitomizes the characteristics of the past-simple, dignified, elegant, etc. In Qing Dynasty, Hanfu was forbidden by the government and disappeared from the land of China. The main features of Chinese clothing are focusing on the right collar’s overlap, the band deducted hidden, big sleeves, no buttons and using string binding, giving the impression of free and easy flowing. These characteristics are obviously different from those of other ethnic costumes. Hanfu is divided into uniform and common clothing. With strict standards, uniform is dressed on formal occasions while the common clothing, without long sleeves, is very convenient to people’s daily life. However, the western clothing is different form the Chinese clothing. The West belongs to Marine civilization, it emphasizes the subjective and objective separation and that we should rationally treat clothing, advocate releasing personality, stress dress effect and be good at showing beautiful the posture of the body. Besides, we use various clipping, color collocation means to perfect bodily curve and give a person with visual comfort in the modeling. A suit, also known as a business suit, comprises a collection of matching clothing consisting of: a coat﹙commonly known as a jacket﹚,a waistcoat﹙optional﹚﹙USA vest﹚for men, a pair of trousers﹙USA pants﹚, or for women, a shirt or trousers. A suit is generally accompanied by torment, a shirt and tie or for women, a blouse. 1.2 Why people wear clothingChinese people are concerned more about its social function of helping to rule a country well than that of keeping warm or decorating. It has a lot to do with ruling a country to regulate the dressing way of the common people. Nevertheless, the westerners pay more attention to its wealth value and function. Therefore, people put on clothing for functional and social reasons. 1.2.1 The functional reason The first use of clothing is to resist the cold and cover the body. Functions of clothing include providing the human body protection against extremes of climate (extreme heat, icy winters, and drenching storms) and protection against insects, noxious, chemicals, and contact with abrasive substances. In sum, clothing protects human beings against anything that might injure the naked, unprotected human body. 1.2.2 The social reason Clothing also delivers social messages to other humans. Social messages sent by clothing, accessories, and decorations can involve social status, occupation, ethnic and religious belief, marital status, cultural degree and sexual availability, etc. For example, only Roman citizens can wear “Toga” in Rome while dragon robe can only be dressed by the emperor in China.

摘 要礼仪,是整个社会文明的基础,是社会文明最直接最全面的表现方式。中国是礼仪之邦,有着灿烂的五千年文化华夏文明,在世界上影响深远。著名国学家钱穆先生就曾经说过,“中国文化的核心就是礼”。当在近200多年,随着西方国家的崛起,西方主导着世界。现今国际通行的礼仪基本上是西方礼仪。这种现象的原因并不仅仅是西方的实力强大,深层的原因在于西方人价值观的统一,在于西方人对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。在今天中西方礼仪文化的融合过程中,我们中国,更多的还是借鉴西方。但无论是借鉴西方的礼仪,或者是我们是自创一套自己的礼仪系统,这在形式上都不难。难的是我们也能有一个完整的价值体系,有对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。我们借鉴西方礼仪,不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式,更应当借鉴其内在灵魂,只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感,才能确立我们的感染力。民族的复兴不仅是实力的复兴,更是一种文化的复兴。只有别人也认同我们的文化,才能真正使我们的礼仪行于世界。关键词:中西方,礼仪,差异 引 言礼仪、是人与人之间交流的规则,是一种语言,也是一种工具。由于形成礼仪的重要根源——宗教信仰的不同,使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪。中国是四大文明古国之一,中华民族是唯一传承千年的文明和民族。中国的礼仪,始于夏商周,盛于唐宋,经过不断地发展变化,逐渐形成体系。西方社会,是几大古代文明的继承者,曾一直和东方的中国遥相呼应。经过中世纪的黑暗,最终迎来了文艺复兴,并孕育了资本主义和现代文明,产生了现代科技和文化。中西方有着截然不同的礼仪文化。 随着我国改革开放的步伐日益加快,跨国交际日益增多,中西方礼仪文化的差异更是越发显露,这种差异带来的影响也是不容忽视,在中西礼仪没有得到完美融合之前,我们有必要了解这些礼仪的差异。有于各国的历史与文化底蕴不同,各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异。特别是中西方之间,礼仪上的差别很大,因为不了解这些差异而引起的误会和笑话并不少见。近代历史上有两则故事,相信大家会比较熟悉。故事一是:李鸿章曾应俾斯麦之邀前往赴宴,由于不懂西餐礼仪,把一碗吃水果后洗手的水喝了。当时俾斯麦不了解中国的虚实,为了不使李鸿章丢丑,他也将洗手水一饮而尽,见此情景,其他文武百官只能忍笑奉陪。还有一个故事是:一个国民党军官携夫人去机场迎接来自美国的顾问。双方见面后,美国顾问出于礼貌说:“您的夫人真漂亮!”军官甚感尴尬又不免客套一番:“哪里,哪里!”在中国,这本是一句很普通的客套话,可是蹩脚的翻译却把这句话译成:where?where?美国顾问听了莫明其妙,心想:我只是礼貌地称赞一下他的夫人,他居然问起我他的夫人哪里漂亮?于是他只好说:“从头到脚都漂亮!”这两个故事都是由于中西文化差异闹出的礼仪上的笑话。由此可见,了解中西方礼尚交往之间的习惯差异是很有必要的。往大处来说,一个国家无论是在政治上,还是在经济贸易中,了解对方国家的礼仪习惯,将有利于各国之间的交往。从小处来讲,一个人了解对方的礼仪民间习惯,是对对方的尊重,容易给对方留下一个好印象,以便交往的顺利进行。随着东西方文化的不断发展,东西方的礼仪正在相互融合,西方人逐渐地接受了东方文化中重情感等合理因素,东方人也逐渐地接受了西方文化中先进文明的礼仪和交往方式。但在现实生活中,由于东西方文化的差异而对礼仪产生的影响还很多。1、 研究中西礼仪差异及原因 1.1 中西方礼仪差异的背景东方文明和西方文明都是在一定的社会历史条件下产生和发展的,没有孰优孰劣的问题。就西方来说,它的历史只有短短200年,而它的人民是从各个地方移民而来的,众多不同民族和种族都融合在一起。他们信奉的誓言是:“只要我们能够梦想的我们就一定能够实现!”这是西方精神,是在英雄主义和献身精神的基础上建立起来的,以它短短200年的历史,创造了人类史上的灿烂文明,它所创造的生产力,比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多,这就是西方的魅力。造成中西方礼仪差异的根本原因,是中西方文化环境的不同,使得各国的人民有着完全不同的道德标准体系和价值观。1.2 中西方观念的差异东方文化崇尚集体和团体精神,人们的倚赖性较强。而西方文化崇尚独立和个性自由。比如,中国人讲究修身,齐家,治国,平天下,人品是至关重要的,而这种人品是建立在关心国家,热爱集体,家庭和睦,人际关系和谐的基础之上。如果只考虑个人的利益,你的人品则大大的折扣。 而在西方人们法制观念较强。在此前提下,他们崇尚个人自由,不愿受到来自政府,教会或其他组织的干涉,喜欢我行我素。在家庭中,孩子们从小就被灌输自立自强的观念。青年人总是希望自己能尽量早独立,摆脱父母的管束,他们不希望过分的倚赖家庭,倚赖父母,否则,他们将失去自由,失去别人对他们的尊重。再这一点上,中国文化则有所不同。家庭是中国人最重视的生活集体。父母对孩子倍加珍惜,恨不能一切都为孩子想到,以致于当孩子长大成人,结婚时要给孩子大操大办,当孩子有了孩子后,还要牺牲自己的晚年来照顾自己的孙子,即把自己的全部希望寄托在孩子身上,又过分的照顾孩子,结果使孩子的自理能力较差,甚至于在中国今天在计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中,国有企业职工极不情愿丢掉铁饭碗,这种倚赖性是中国传统文化的遗产。这种文化上的差异,导致中西方观念很大的差异,以至于中西方礼仪从根本上有很大的差异。 礼仪是与本土的思想文化相对应的,由于形成礼仪的重要根源――宗教信仰――的不同,使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪。梁启超在有名的《劝学篇》里面讲到:“中学为内学,西学为外学;中学致身心,西学应世事。”在礼仪的表现中,西方更多的聚焦在行为、语言的面上;而中国礼仪在长期历史发展过程中,不仅行为人的语言、行动本身具有话语意义,同时还需从行为人的语言、行动中去“悟”出一些东西,在言传的同时,还需意会。东方文明和西方文明都是在一定的社会历史条件下产生和发展的,没有孰优孰劣的问题。 2、 中西方见面的礼仪的差异西方人见面时,不一定会握手,只要笑一笑,打个招呼就行了,即使是第一次见面,而中国人则视握手为一个基本礼节。但在中国握手并没有太多的限定,而西方人握手是有一定礼节的。例如男女之间,女方先伸出手,若女方无握手之意,男子就只能点头鞠躬致意;长幼之间由长辈先伸出手;上下级之间,由上级先伸出手;宾主之间由主人先伸出手。而且握手时应注视对方,并摘下手套,否则会被视为不礼貌。 2.1 中西方称呼的差异在西方,称呼是比较笼统的,一个称呼可以涵盖中国很多称呼。例如,西方称呼男的为先生,称呼女的女士或小姐,而在我国“先生”第一解释是“教师”,是对教师最古老最悠久的称谓。随着改革开放,先生已成为社会上最流行的尊称口语,西方人称”uncle”,可以涵盖我国的婶婶,伯母,姨。他们对这些方面的关系也不如中国分明,中国父亲那边的为伯伯,姑姑,堂兄妹,母亲方为舅,姨,表兄妹。在西方,人们见面时喜欢直呼其名,这是亲切友好的表示,纵使交谈之初可能互相用姓称呼,但过一会儿就改称名字。而在中国,人们很喜欢被称为某某经理,某某总裁,因为这是身份与地位的象征。但在西方,人们很少用正式的头衔称呼别人,正式的头衔只用于法官、高级政府官员,军官,医生,教授和高级宗教人士。值得注意的是,西方从来不用行政职务如局长、经理、校长等头衔来称呼别人。 2.2 中西方对隐私的看法另外,在与人交谈时,切不可谈及个人的私事,诸如年龄、婚姻、收入、信仰等等。看到别人买的东西不可问其价格;如果看到别人回来,也不能问他去哪儿了或者从哪里来,否则就会遭人厌恶,西方人常用“鼻子伸到人家私生活里来了”这句话来表示对提问人的轻蔑。而在中国,人们对个人隐私的界限远没有这么深刻,人们并不会在意别人对自己的生活作一般了解。但在中国人与美国人打交道时,在中国人看来很普通地问对方一些家庭情况,美国人就很可能认为你侵犯了他的隐私,别有用心,一桩生意很可能就这样泡汤了。 中国人通常是见面喜欢点点头,握握手或行拱手礼,或者微微欠身然后握手,而西方人觉得欠身似乎显得自卑。在西方,特别在欧美国家,拥抱礼却是十分常见的见面礼与道别礼,亲吻礼和吻手礼也是常见的西方见面礼。握手礼来源于西方人类半野蛮半文明时期。这种习惯逐渐演变成今天作为见面和告辞的“握手”礼节,被大多数国家所接受。在我国,握手礼不但在见面和告辞时使用,而且还作为一种祝贺、感谢或相互鼓励的表示。因此是社交中应用最广泛的致意礼节。见面、道别时的礼貌演变到今天就是“你好”、“再见”两个短语,客气的顶多再互相握下手,在各种古怪疾病流行的今天显得简洁而卫生而又体面。然而西方国家,见面就要先送贴面礼、亲吻礼和吻手礼,让我们很不习惯也不能接受。 3、 中西餐餐桌上礼仪的差异中国人有句话叫“民以食为天”,由此可见饮食在中国人心目中的地位,因此中国人将吃饭看作头等大事。中国菜注重菜肴色、香、味、形、意俱全,甚至于超过了对营养的注重,只要好吃又要好看,营养反而显得不重要了。西方的饮食比较讲究营养的搭配和吸收,是一种科学的饮食观念。西方人多注重食物的营养而忽略了食物的色、香、味、形、意如何,他们的饮食多是为了生存和健康,似乎不讲究味的享受。3.1 中西方餐桌氛围的差异在餐饮氛围方面,中国人在吃饭的时候都喜欢热闹,很多人围在一起吃吃喝喝,说说笑笑,大家在一起营造一种热闹温暖的用餐氛围。除非是在很正式的宴会上,中国人在餐桌上并没有什么很特别的礼仪。而西方人在用餐时,都喜欢幽雅、安静的环境,他们认为在餐桌上的时候一定要注意自己的礼仪,不可以失去礼节,比如在进餐时不能发出很难听的声音。3.2 中西方用餐时的差异中西方宴请礼仪也各具特色。从传统习俗上说,中国人请客,不论按长、尊、主、次围桌而坐,满桌丰盛的酒菜,主人频频劝酒,客人谦让礼到。中国人觉得这样的宴客方式才能体现主人的热情和诚恳。另外宴客时崇尚热闹欢快的气氛,讲究面子排场。排场之大,气氛之热闹常常令人叹为观止。较随便的形式则是主人邀上三五知己,到家中由女主人炒几个菜,小酌一番。这种随便的宴客形式不讲究礼仪,不讲究坐次,不讲究饭菜,只讲气氛的和谐、主人的热诚、主客谈话的投机。当然,近年来西方的一些宴客形式,如酒会、招待会、自助餐或冷餐也会传到中国,但这些多是官方或单位出面组织的宴请形式,平民百姓还少有实行。在西方则是以右为尊,男女间隔而座,夫妇也分开而座,女宾客的席位比男宾客的席位稍高,男士要替位于自己右边的女宾客拉椅子,以示对女士的尊重。 另外,西方人用餐时要坐正,认为弯腰,低头,用嘴凑上去吃不礼貌,但是这恰恰是中国人通常吃饭的方式。吃西餐的时候,主人不提倡大肆的饮酒,中国的餐桌上酒是必备之物,以酒助兴,有时为了表示对对方的尊重,喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯的喝。中国人的餐桌要热闹,西洋餐桌则安静。中国人要用言行来劝酒劝食,西方人只是用语言劝酒而已。酒文化在中国由来已久,被视为做生意,交朋友等社交场合不可或缺的。酒杯不空茶水不满。在西方,通常喝啤酒、葡萄酒,不喜欢劝酒。在中国,宴会喜欢共桌共菜,西方则认为不合卫生,实行分餐制。中国人宴请时,觥筹交错,歌舞升平。西方则要求少声响少动作,用餐程序较多。 4、 中西方服饰礼仪的差异古今中外,着装从来都体现着一种社会文化,体现着一个人的文化修养和审美情趣,是一个人的身份、气质、内在素质的无言的介绍信。从某种意义上说,服饰是一门艺术,服饰所能传达的情感与意蕴甚至不是用语言所能替代的。在不同场合,穿着得体、适度的人,给人留下良好的印象,而穿着不当,则会降低人的身份,损害自身的形象。在社交场合,得体的服饰是一种礼貌,一定程度上直接影响着人际关系的和谐。影响着装效果的因素,重要的一是要有文化修养和高雅的审美能力,即所谓“腹有诗书气自华”。二是要有运动健美的素质。健美的形体是着装美的天然条件。三是要掌握着装的常识、着装原则和服饰礼仪的知识,这是达到内外和谐统一美的不可或缺的条件。 4.1 中西方服饰礼着重点及代表服饰西方人注重身份,把衣服变成象征,中国注重韵味。如果说西方服饰文化刻意追求表现人体美,而完全忽视了服饰伦理,那么,中国服饰文化由于受到传统的伦理价值观念的影响还或多或少地保留着一些道德上的体统。而最能代表我们国家的是中山装,西方代表装是西装。 穿中山服时,不仅要扣上全部衣扣,而且要系上领扣,并且不允许挽起衣袖。在穿双排扣西服时,必须扣上全部衣扣。穿单排三粒扣西服时,仅能扣上上一粒或中、上两粒扣子;穿单排两粒扣西服时,只能扣上上一粒扣子;不允许扣上单排扣西服的全部衣扣。在穿西服时,宜穿白色衬衫,并打领带,领带打好后的标准长度,是其下端抵达皮带扣。 西方男士在正式社交场合通常穿保守式样的西装,内穿白衬衫,打领带。他们喜欢黑色,因此一般穿黑色的皮鞋。西方女士在正式场合要穿礼服套装。另外女士外出有戴耳环的习俗。西方国家,尤其是在美国,平时人们喜欢穿着休闲装,如T恤加牛仔服。 当今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化,传统的中山装、旗袍等已退出历史舞台。正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。在平时的市井生活中,倒会看到不少人穿着背心、短裤、拖鞋等不合礼仪的服。 俗话讲,人是衣服,马是鞍。尽管以貌取人并不可取,但是在现代生活中,服饰越来越成为礼仪的一个重要部分,穿着打扮的得体与否,不仅仅是个人品位的体现,更能成为人们彼此考虑的一个尺度。伟大的英国作家莎士比亚曾经说:“一个人的穿着打扮,就是他的教养、品位、地位的最真实的写照”。那么在日常工作和交往中,尤其是在正规的场合,穿着打扮的问题越来越引起我们现代人的重视。 5、结束语礼仪是一种文化,是文化就有纵向的传承和横向的借鉴与融合。 在今天中西方礼仪文化的融合的过程中,我国更多的还是借鉴西方。但无论是借鉴西方的礼仪,或者是我们是自创一套自己的礼仪系统,这在形式上都不难。难的是我们也能有一个完整的价值体系,有对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。我们借鉴西方礼仪,不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式,更应当借鉴其内在灵魂,只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感,才能确立我们的感染力。民族的复兴不仅是实力的复兴,更是一种文化的复兴。只有别人也认同我们的文化,才能真正使我们的礼仪行于世界。 人无礼则不立,事无礼则不成,国无礼则不宁。一个礼仪缺乏的社会,往往是不成熟的社会。而一个礼仪标准不太统一甚至互相矛盾的社会,往往是一个不和谐的社会。礼仪,是整个社会文明的基础,是社会文明最直接最全面的表现方式。创建和谐社会,必须先从礼仪开始。中国今天面临前所未有的挑战,无论是物质,精神,文化各个方面,都急迫的需要一套完整而合理的价值观进行统一。而礼仪文化无疑是这种统一的“先行军”,只有认清中西礼仪文化的差异,将二者合理有效的融合,方能建立适合中国当代社会的礼仪文化体系,达到和谐社会的理想。参考文献 [1] 金正坤 商务礼仪 北京大学出版社 2004[2] 张占一 试仪焦急文化和知识文化 语言教学与研究 1990[3] 廖文丽 比喻中的中西方文化差异 湘潭大学社会科学学报 2001[4] 吴 冰 中西方文化差异拾零 闽西职业大学学报 2002[5] 邢 东 中美文化差异管窥 全国优秀英语学术论文集 1997[6] 陈 平 商务礼仪 中国电影出版社

Chinese and Western Culture ComparisonWhat are the major differences between chinese and western culture? I'll list down a few differences:West:1. Western culture is based on individualism rather than on mass (collectivism). For instance, in the US, you always talk about individual rights, instead of placing the whole society above your own self. This is clearly different in China where a country, society or family are placed above your own self.2. Western culture is adventurous and exploration based. Westerners like to discover new things, invention and expand outwards. For instance, bungee jumping is considered adventurous and common in western culture, but you will probably find no-one doing such a thing in China.3. Western culture is based on science, which attempts to resolve people and nature's relationship.4. West uses law to resolve people and people's relationship. You can never find 'law' well-established in China. For 2000 years, China is a land that's based on human relationship rather than law. 5. West uses 'god' and religion to resolve human and spiritualism relationship. In case of problems with your own self, you just pray to god.6. A culture that expands and develop outwards.Chinese Culture:1. A culture based on masses (collectivism). People placed country and family above your own self.2. A culture that is based on humanism and people3. To resolve the relationship betwen man and nature, the chinese attempts to fuse the human and 'heaven' as one. (天人和一)4. To resolve people and people's relationship, chinese uses ethics and tolerance (中恕之道)5. To resolve human and spiritualism, chinese emphasizes internal cultivation (修身养性)6. A focus on balance and mean. By 'mean', it means 'middle way'. You don't go into extremism. Peace is always honoured.7. Pay homage to heaven and earth, as well as bearing a remembrance to the homeland. (敬仰天地,思乡怀土) This was accorded to the fact that chinese had been a farming civilization and therefore will be more prone to remember their land.8. A culture that expands internally rather than outwards.Some of the disadvantage of old chinese culture:1. Debase women and chauvanistic2. An over-emphasis on past history instead of present (lacks pragmatism)Can you list some more differences? Any comments and contributions are appreciated.-----------And I must say I am surprised you didn't note the fact that Westerners can be incredibly, crassly ignorant about the world around them, and be arrogant and overbearing about that to boot. I don't believe it is a generalisation when I say that alot of the corporate West's interest in the East is selfish, exploitative, and self-serving.

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面,从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在,下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异,中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义,在西方又表示一种涵义,甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。(一)red(红色)无论是在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中,这些日子常用红色字体,因此,red letter day:指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”,因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组:red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语,翻译成英语,可不一定用“red”例如:红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine (二) yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,例如:a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思,如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而,英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思,如blue jokes(下流的玩笑), blue films(黄色电影)等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先,中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关:中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给新郎,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次,造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

苗族服饰论文题目

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踏上苗族人居住的土地,那里气候温和,山环水绕,大小田坝点缀其间。你仿佛走进了五彩缤纷的世界。在苗族人的生活里,到处都是色彩,充满了美的生机,今天我——牛通社的小记者,就要来采访苗族姑娘。“你好!苗族姐姐,请问你们苗族有多少种服装?”我疑惑不解地问。“你好,我们苗族服装不下200种,是世界上服饰种类最多、保存最好的区域,被称为‘苗族服饰博物馆’呢!” 苗族姐姐脸上露出自豪的笑容。我不禁发出慨叹:“啊,真是服饰最多的民族啊!件件都是清新素雅、做工精致、古朴端庄。那你们的服装是怎么做的呢?”“苗族服装做工十分考究,令人眼花缭乱。主要体现在苗族服装大多遍施图案,刺绣、挑花、蜡染、编织、镶衬等多种方式并用。使这些服饰图案花团锦簇,溢彩流光,显示出鲜明的我们民族艺术特色。”“说到‘服’,让我不得不想到‘饰’。那你们苗族的银饰有什么特点呢?”“这让我好好给你讲讲:苗族妇女的银饰民族风情浓郁,分为粗细两类:精件为实心的项圈、项链、手镯等,用银料多,加工简单;细件为银花、银冠、银锁、银角等,用银料少,制作精细,工艺讲究。银衣则是把几百个饰有龙、鸟、花卉等浮雕的银片、银泡,钉在衣服的袖套、后摆、披肩上;银角有大小两种,小银角高1尺左右,大银角高3尺有余,其正面饰有“二龙抢宝”、“双凤朝阳”等吉祥图案。青年妇女平时均戴银质手镯、戒指、耳环和插花;儿童喜戴银帽;姑娘的盛装从头到颈,到胸前及后背,都戴满了各种银佩饰,银光闪闪,银佩叮当,情趣十足。”“哇,多美的银饰,让我忍不住也想戴一戴!苗家银饰的工艺,华丽考究、巧夺天工,充分显示了你们苗族人民的智慧和才能。”“谢谢夸奖!”苗族姐姐不好意思地点点头。这就是苗族,一个独特的民族,听了我的采访后,你熟悉它了吗?多姿多彩的苗族服装是我们少数民族大家庭中的一员,勤劳的少数民族用自己的双手创造出了灿烂的服饰文化。

黔东南苗族服饰不下200种,是我国和世界上苗族服饰种类最多、保存最好的区域,被称为“苗族服饰博物馆”。苗族服饰从总体来看,保持着中国民间的织、绣、挑、染的传统工艺技法,往往在运用一种主要的工艺手法的同时,穿插使用其他的工艺手法,或者挑中带绣,或者染中带绣,或者织绣结合,从而使这些服饰图案花团锦簇,溢彩流光,显示出鲜明的民族艺术特色。从内容上看,服饰图案大多取材于日常生活中各种活生生的物象,有表意和识别族类、支系及语言的重要作用,这些形象记录被专家学者称为“穿在身上的史诗”。从造型上 看,采用中国传统的线描式或近乎线描式的、以单线为纹样轮廓的造型手法。从制作技艺看,服饰发展史上的五种形制,即编制型、织制型、缝制型、拼合型和剪裁型,在黔东南苗族服饰中均有范例,历史层级关系清晰,堪称服饰制作史陈列馆。从用色上看,她们善于选用多种强烈的对比色彩,努力追求颜色的浓郁和厚重的艳丽感,一般均为红、黑、白、黄、蓝五种。从构图上看,它并不强调突出主题,只注重适应服装的整体感的要求。从形式上看,分为盛装和便装。盛装,为节日礼宾和婚嫁时穿着的服装,繁复华丽,集中体现苗族服饰的艺术水平。便装,样式比盛装样式素静、简洁,用料少,费工少,供日常穿着之用。除盛装与便装之分外,苗族服饰还有年龄和地区差别。

住:苗族喜欢聚族而居,且多数分布在远离城市的偏僻山区,以村办单位聚族而居,与其官民族合村共寨的极少。吃:食品也多种多样,有米饭、糯米粑、肉(酸肉)、鱼(酸鱼)等,还有一种特殊的食品叫逗辣椒骨地,它味香而辣,可增进食欲,驱风御寒,防治感冒,是苗家常备的食品,也是待客的佳品。穿: 湘西苗族的古代服饰,男女差别很小,一律是逗色彩斑澜地;上身穿花衣,下着百褶裙,头蓄长发,包赭色花帕,脚着船形花鞋,佩以各种银饰。

服装装饰画论文题目

中国是一个古老的民族,5000年的文明孕育了独特的中国文化,由于儒家思想在古代中国占有主要地位,因而,中国的服饰形制也被打上了深刻的儒家“烙印”。儒家重礼仪,讲求中庸之道,所以,中国的传统服饰始终以繁冗,宽博的主要特征出现。这一点充分体现了中国传统服装的深厚文化底蕴,当东方文化与西文文化交汇时,中国传统的服装与西文服装体系相互交融,使得服装界更加注目于东方古老的文化精粹,使得服装舞台上的东方情结闪烁不灭。在现代服装设计中充分将传统中装中的式样、局部、面料特点、图案和各种小的元素完美地结合在一起,使伟大民族精髓在时装舞台上刮起了长久的中国风。 你是否注意到这股浓浓的中国风情——在衣、食、住、行等方面越来越备受注目。东风西渐,悠远的东方文化已不再只代表传统和国粹,她正快速成为一种流行于国际的时尚,即使是年年都以迅雷之势推陈出新的时装界也常常驻足于东方情结,从中汲取灵感和创意。 一 中国传统服装的深厚底蕴 中国素有“衣冠王国”的美誉,在漫漫的历史长河中,历朝各代的服饰均有不同的典制规定和风俗习惯。由于儒家思想在古代中国占有主导地位,因而中国的服饰形制也被打上了深刻的儒家“烙印”。儒家重礼仪,讲求中庸之道,在这种独特的人文思想的影响下,中国人的着装特别讲求和谐、融洽,传统服饰表达出规整、含蓄、端庄的民族性格。5000年的文明史孕育了独特的中国文化,服饰文化是人类文化的重要组成部分,就像是一个有节奏的生命,传达出时代的脉搏;更像是一面镱子,准确、清晰而客观地反映着历史。 古代的中国是一种自给自足、以家庭为单位的农业社会,散漫的小农生产方式使人们的生活节奏缺乏工业社会那种统一性和紧张感,处于一种闲在而近乎平庸懒散的状态,在缓慢中前进。于是,人们内心渐渐形成了一种“舒缓”的心态,进而以庞大、宽博、繁冗为适应,也即为美了。中国古代传统服装的特点:平稳而单纯,其线条平直,手臂平伸后与身体的直线形成垂直的交叉,这种基础的造型形式显得尤为实在和稳定。 由此可见,中国传统服装有着浓厚的文化底蕴,可以用程式化的宽体式样,平面化的裁剪结构,装饰性的服用材料,精致的服装配件和含蓄美的社会理念来进行最简化的形容。 二 中国传统服装体系与西方服装体系的融合 传统的中国服装相对于西方服装体系以人体为根本,立体结构为基础,注重个性装饰和新奇多变的社会流行而言,在20世纪后期,西方衣着模式成为全球服装标准的前提下,很多因素明显无法在短期内与现代流行相兼容,这就需要对中国服装传统进行再理解,利用设计艺术进行再整合,通过流行服装载体进行再演绎,制造服装商品进行再推广。 近几年,中国的时装业有了长足的发展,出现了一批较有影响力的设计师,这大大地带动了中国时装业整体水平的提高,当然,生活质量的提高是刺激时装业发展的根本因素,人们有了更多的钱去消费最新的时装,也有了更好的心情去尝试不同的风格,尽管国外的时装品牌充斥中国的服装市场,但“中国情结”仍是许多中国人挥之不去的心结。于是“唐装”、“旗装”悄然兴起,并逐渐拥有自己的顾客群体,风韵独到的“中国化时装”开始形成自己的市场。随着科技的发展,人们的生活节奏不断加快,服装的流行周期也越来越短,同时世纪末的临近,使人们引发了悠古的情思,服装界也随之掀起了复古的风潮,加之东方经济的高速发展,使更多的人对东方文化产生了浓厚的兴趣,使得中国古老的服装再一次成为世界时装舞台注目的焦点。但是由于时装带有鲜明的时代个性,因此,复古的流行也决不会是简单的重复过去,而是以现代的形式予以新的包装和诠释,所以现代的中装设计不仅要体现传统的文化韵律,更要符合现代人的审美要求。 三 中国传统服装在现代服装设计中的应用 中国装设计的突出点是具有一眼就能看出的中国味道,或许是中国五千年的服装文明太过悠久,历史的粘稠反而给我们的服装概念不是点的清晰而是面的模糊,它不像美国西部风格可以用牛仔裤来形容,而是有太多的内涵,以至于有时我们在提到中装时无法有具体款式的联想,中国漫长的历史为现代设计提供了丰富的素材,除了常见的立领、侧衩、盘纽、滚边、还有纹样、配色特别是风格理念等很多中式元素可以在现代设计中加以应用,这就需要设计师具有良好的中国服装文化素养,不断努力挖掘。 1 现代服装设计中对于传统服装款式式样的应用。 在中装设计中对于中国传统服装的式样应用,无非是展现其宽大的风貌和复古的兴起。例如较有代表性的(1977~1978秋冬)圣?洛朗的中国风格的作品。其所表现的上衣都是宽松型的,传统的平面结构手段能够迎合简约的风格,但如果将传统的平面结构完全再现的话是很难在现代设计中全面再现,所以,除了式样上的设计承袭宽大之风外,更多的是用传统的领、襟、扣等局部设计加以有效强调。 2 现代服装设计中对于中国传统服装中局部应用。 在中国装设计中通常较为常见的是将中装中的立领或门襟、盘扣等因素通过有效的再现,来表达设计者的风格,这几个点的应用最具有说服力和征服性,让人一眼就能深刻地体会到中国传统服装的精粹所在,并能通过西方服装体系中的以人体为根本的合体裁剪,更好地表现女性的优雅、含蓄的特点,在设计过程中起到了以点带面的作用。 3 传统丝绸面料在现代服装中的应用。 在此更值得一提的是传统丝绸面料要在日常装中经久不衰,就需与新型化纤材料进行混纺,以改善其服用性能,使得在服装设计中有更广的应用领域。面料上的花纹及其各种美好的寓意都是西方服装所不可比拟的。 4 传统图案、装饰在中国现代服装中的应用。 传统的图案和装饰是中国服装文化的出新之处,其相对的独立性使它们可以大量地移植到现代服装中去,但是,中国传统纹样和装饰对于现代快节奏的生活方式往往过于繁杂,所以,在应用时必须加以简化,在设计过程中,我们需要“宜男百草,吉庆(磬)有余(鱼)”的吉祥意境,但要放弃满地花的纷繁格式。绣花、滚边、挖嵌等传统工艺是中国装的有效再现手段,但不能照搬清末花俏复杂的十八镶滚。 5 中国传统的华美精巧的配件及搭配方法在现代服装设计中的应用。 中国传统的配伍方法是塑造中国风情的捷径,但要视服装的使用场合而定,在日常服装中可能更多的是中国风格的口袋和西式裙相配,甚至只有一个精巧的中国结,旗袍或全套的中式衣裤或许只能在礼服中出现。精致含蓄的中国传统服装理念是中国古代人和现代人衣着审美的最大叠合点,可以在现代中国装设计中得以充分张扬。在晚清的上海,两件粗看非常类似的男装袍,可以用梅、兰、竹纹样中的花蕾开放与否区分日晚装,这种中国式的耐看美好同样值得现代中国装借鉴。 以中国传统服饰作为灵感来源的时装,表现出不同凡响的生命力,这些时装的外形虽以现代的设计方法进行包装,却充满了中国文化所特有的青烟淡墨,超尘出世的气质,在这些中国味十足的时装中,有的很难说清设计灵感来源于中国的哪个朝代,但是大襟、对襟、盘扣、开衩、滚边、及中国结饰等则是这些时装共同拥有的细节处理。香港设计师尹泰尉、张天爱等是一贯以发掘和再造传统服饰为主要风格的代表,已成为时装媒体关注的焦点人物。也许是由于世纪末的到来,以及对新世纪的展望,使人们将目光放得更远,东西方开始共同呼吸。中式服装不仅牵动了中国人的与生俱来的面目和心结,也成为许多国外设计大师新作中的主角,风头正劲的迪奥首席设计师约翰?加利亚诺(JOHN GALLIANO)设计的浓妆艳抹的时尚造型,显然是旧上海滩月历皇后的翻版。而简约大师海尔姆特?朗(HELMUT LANG)则从织锦缎和老头鞋中看到了流行的曙光。这些流行服饰带着明显的中国印记,但又似乎是大鼻子、蓝眼睛的设计师们出自心底的真情流露,于是突然对“民族的就是世界的”这句话有了更深的理解。中国的传统文化是你的,是我的,也是世界的… 中国风情——尽情地演绎美丽的东方神话吧! 另外一篇:

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之前也是为论文苦恼了半天,网上的范文和能搜到的资料,大都不全面,一般能有个正文就不错了,而且抄袭的东西肯定不行的,关键是没有数据和分析部分,我好不容易搞出来一篇,结果还过不了审。 还好后来找到文方网,直接让专业人士帮忙,效率很高,核心的部分帮我搞定了,也给了很多参考文献资料。哎,专业的事还是要找专业的人来做啊,建议有问题参考下文方网吧 下面是之前老师发给我的题目,分享给大家: 基于三维视觉的室内装饰墙虚拟砌筑系统设计 关于高校视觉传达设计专业装饰与图案课程教学模式的研究 软装饰在新中式室内设计中的运用研究 浅析广西铜鼓纹样在装饰艺术设计中的应用 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计 浅谈建筑装饰设计施工的节能与环保 展馆室内装饰设计中传统建筑装饰元素的实践分析 商业空间装饰装修设计方法及相关问题分析 浅析建筑装饰设计中现存问题及对策 室内装饰装修设计中节能措施应用策略 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计探讨 浅析企业文化在办公空间装饰装修设计中的融合 传统元素在现代建筑装饰设计中的应用 墙绘艺术在室内装饰设计中的运用初探 汉代文字瓦当的装饰特征在现代设计中的应用 竹子的构成手法在建筑外观装饰设计中的应用 室内设计中软装饰的艺术表现形式研究 低碳经济理念指导下的建筑装饰设计分析 室内设计中建筑装饰材料的选择分析 “装饰性”和“现代性”:新艺术运动时期的平面设计 平面构成在日用陶瓷装饰设计中的应用研究 《装饰》装帧设计中传统观念的体现 室内灯光装饰设计艺术 设计美学视角下的日用陶瓷装饰设计研究 传统木作材料在现代空间装饰设计中的运用探索研究 室内设计中建筑装饰材料的选择分析 探讨现代建筑装饰设计中的传统元素运用 探建筑装饰装修设计施工中的绿色材料应用实践分析 探讨现代建筑装饰设计中的传统元素运用 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计构建 建筑装饰室内设计的发展趋势分析 布艺装饰在室内设计中的应用研究 装饰材料的艺术特征在室内设计中的创新应用 装饰装修设计施工一体化探究 现代建筑装饰装修改造设计思路研究 传统文化元素在室内装饰设计中的应用研究 室内装饰到室内设计演变的历史研究 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计核心探究 BIM技术在建筑装饰设计中的应用研究 建筑装饰设计施工及其节能问题分析研究 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计 浅析建筑设计中外形装饰设计 BIM技术在建筑装饰装修工程设计中的应用研究 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计核心探究 建筑室内装饰装修设计的创新实践探索 室内装饰设计中功能性与装饰性的关系探究 室内装饰装修设计的发展趋势 建筑装饰设计中生态技术的应用构架 探讨建筑装饰装修工程的环保节能设计 建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化研究 建筑装饰装修设计中的色彩因素的应用 装饰设计中建筑装饰材料的创新应用 现代建筑装饰设计和传统艺术的融合与应用 论生态技术在建筑装饰设计中的应用 建筑室内装饰装修设计探讨 浅谈工艺美术在室内装饰设计中的发展 浅论装饰电气工程设计 中国传统元素在室内装饰设计的应用与研究 中国传统建筑装饰在现代室内设计中的应用 坭兴陶装饰设计中京族特色元素的运用浅谈 清真寺装饰纹样在城市商业街设计中的应用 略论文化传承与中国传统装饰图形设计 建筑装饰设计施工及其节能环保问题的探究 论软装饰在室内设计中的重要性 美学色彩在现代建筑装饰设计中的分析运用 建筑室内装饰装修设计探讨 唐代铜镜的设计、制作与装饰 建筑装饰的设计与表达 探讨数字艺术对现代建筑装饰设计的影响 建筑装饰装修设计过程中低碳环保理念应用 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计核心探究 浅谈建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计 建筑装饰设计与施工质量控制 室内空间环境设计中软装饰的使用分析 浅谈轨道车辆装饰设计 浅谈传统民居装饰元素在当代建筑设计中的应用 建筑装饰装修工程施工图设计常见问题 建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化研究 传统元素在现代建筑装饰设计中的运用 建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化探讨 科技元素在会展空间装饰设计中的应用探究 基于建筑室内装饰装修设计与施工管理控制的分析 建筑工程装饰装修设计问题及优化措施浅析 浅谈建筑装饰设计 浅析艺术设计专业中室内装饰设计功能性与装饰性的关系 浅析木结构装饰在现代室内设计中的应用 高职建筑装饰设计实践教学方法的改革创新 建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化研究 墙绘艺术在室内装饰设计中的运用初探 建筑装饰装修设计施工中的绿色材料应用实践分析 刍议生态技术在建筑装饰设计中的应用 软装饰在室内装饰设计中的应用 中国传统建筑装饰在现代室内设计中的应用 现代室内设计中传统建筑装饰的应用 传统民居装饰元素在当代建筑设计中的应用分析 软装饰在室内设计中的应用 京津冀地区传统建筑装饰类文化创意产品创新设计研究 大圩古镇建筑装饰纹样在桂林住宅设计中的运用研究 建筑装饰工程设计中生态技术的应用探析 中国传统纹饰在现代装饰设计中的应用研究 建筑装饰装修工程的环保节能设计 陈燕飞摈弃装饰,让设计变得触手可及 最佳墙面装饰设计 建筑装饰设计课程信息化教学及考核改革研究 传统民居装饰在现代环境设计运用论述 试析建筑装饰中的空间设计 论建筑装饰与建筑设计的关系 长沙窑装饰元素在旅游纪念品设计中的运用 浅析建筑设计中外形装饰设计 浅析设计院在工程总承包模式下的设计管理对建筑装饰工程的成本控制方法 北海近代建筑装饰元素的设计与应用 中职装饰画设计课中如何对学生进行美能培养 东北民俗文化在当代陈设装饰设计中应用的意义 建筑装饰装修工程的环保节能设计 现代室内装饰的简约时尚风格设计 材料发展对建筑装饰设计影响的研究 建筑装饰设计施工的节能与环保研究 建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化研究 装饰设计企业员工继续教育课程设置 建筑装饰装修设计施工中的绿色材料应用实践分析 “互联网+"装饰设计教学模式的创新研究 分析新型材料在建筑装饰设计中的运用 中国原始彩陶纹饰与现代墙饰装饰设计的融汇创新 传统装饰图案在海报设计中的应用研究 建筑装饰设计理念及装饰施工技术 建筑装饰工程设计施工一体化策略解析 传统元素在现代建筑装饰设计中的应用 浅谈建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计 装饰艺术对室内空间设计的应用浅述 装饰文字在视觉传达设计中的灵性分析 回族文化装饰图案在环境设计中的应用研究 室内设计中软装饰的艺术表现形式 中国传统文化元素在装饰设计中的应用与研究 浅谈软装饰在室内设计中的重要性 试析传统文化与现代装饰设计的关系 非物质视域下现代珠绣装饰设计语言解读 建筑装饰设计中新材料的创新性应用 建筑装饰装修工程的环保节能设计 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计分析 建筑装饰工程装配式设计与施工的技术分析 生态技术在室内装饰设计中的运用 分析传统元素在现代建筑装饰设计中的运用 建筑室内装饰装修设计中的绿色环保设计 建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化研究 佛教植物纹样在现代装饰设计中的意义 建筑装饰装修设计施工中的绿色材料应用实践分析 传统建筑装饰在室内设计中的传承与创新 论传统装饰元素在现代室内设计中的有效应用 论现代包装设计的实用性与装饰性 论软装饰在室内设计中的重要性 扬州民宿软装饰设计研究 皮影元素在日用瓷装饰设计中的实践运用 建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化研究 青铜装饰纹样在文化创意产品中的设计应用 室内设计中软装饰的表现形式与特征 楚凤装饰图案在旅游产品包装设计中的应用 中国传统装饰性元素在现代平面设计中的应用 思考装饰绘画艺术在现代设计中的应用价值研究 建筑装饰材料在室内设计中创新性运用探讨 低碳经济理念指导下的建筑装饰设计 论墙绘艺术在室内装饰设计中的运用 传统装饰艺术在现代装饰设计中的应用研究 论装饰画在艺术设计领域中的应用与作用 论中国吉祥图案在平面设计中的装饰作用 建筑装饰设计与施工中节能问题分析研究

美术教学论文撰写过程中,论文的题目,是做研究和写论文的第一个步骤,但是对于如何选好题目,一直都是许多人相当的头痛问题。下面是我带来的关于美术教学论文题目的内容,欢迎阅读参考! 美术教学论文题目(一) 1. 中 国画 贵在创作 2. 浅谈中国画中的“气韵生动” 3. 谈徐渭的杂花图卷 4. 如何对待西方现代派美术 5. 线描艺术的魅力 6. 传统水墨与都市水墨 7. 浅论 山水画 写石 方法 8. 论"线"在 素描 绘画中的作用 9. 浅谈中国画空间的创新 10. 论白描仕女画 11. 谈中国画的现状和出路 12. 浅谈国画百年之变迁 13. 浅谈色彩与人的心理 14. 论白描 15. 笔精墨妙与意趣心契 16. 浅谈__对米勒的影响 17. 古代书法论所涉“道”“理”“法”三者关系 18. 论写生与创作的关系 19. “线条、色彩、构图”——绘画美的本质 20. 散谈中国画的特点----作为阅读符号的中国画 美术教学论文题目(二) 1.装饰美在中国古代雕塑中的作用 2.试谈对古典建筑艺术的认识 3.数字媒介与艺术融合 4.室内景物的光与色处理 5.论装饰性书法 6.论居室设计空间分割 7.浅谈职业学校开设艺术设计课程的重要意义 8.平面构成教学中的情智培养 9.浅谈现代中国城市雕塑 10.雕塑时空 11.浅论标志设计特征和表现方法 12. 现代装饰艺术——装饰画 13. 浅谈绿色包装设计 14. 浅谈图案的创作与应用 15. 艺术与环境 16. 浅谈色彩与室内设计的关系 17. 建筑装饰中空间划分的设计探究 18. 小户型住宅装修设计方案探讨 19. 手绘墙在现代室内装饰设计中的应用 20. 影视动画后期特效制作分析 美术教学论文题目(三) 1. 虚拟城市开发技术的探讨 2. 浅析影视动画后期特效制作 3. 标志在打造企业品牌中的战略地位 4. 浅谈文字在平面设计中的应用 5. 浅谈中国 传统 文化 对平面设计的影响 6. 视觉形象识别系统在企业中的作用 7. 浅谈白色在艺术设计中的应用 8. 浅谈现代商业展示空间设计要素 9. 视觉传达在网页设计中的表现 10. 商业插画的市场发展 11. 高师美术学专业全程化 教育 实习模式研究 12. 生态理念下高师美术学专业交叉课程设置调查研究 13. 高师美术学专业基础课程设置的现状与对策研究 14. 当代语境下高等师范院校美术学中国画创作教学模式研究 15. 高师美术教育专业工作室制教学模式探析 16. 面向美术教育中的学习困难生 17. 美术学(教师教育)《设计与制作》试点课程研究 18. 人脸识别技术在数字视频网络监控系统中的应用研究 19. 黄庭坚题画诗研究 20. 云南傣族剪纸艺术及其延伸工艺研究 21. 楚雄彝族服饰特点及应用研究 猜你喜欢: 1. 美术教育论文题目 2. 美术教学论文题目 3. 美术学科论文题目 4. 美术学论文题目 5. 美术学专业毕业论文题目

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