与戒酒有因有关论文参考文献

查到两篇,如果需要发邮件到我邮箱,,我把全文发给你[1] Kitagawa, S., et al., Effect of soy peptide on brewing beer. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008. 105(4): p. 360-366.[2] Wolf-Hall, C., Mold and mycotoxin problems encountered during malting and brewing. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007. 119(1-2): p. 89-94.

生活中或多或少我们都会喝点酒，特别是“久旱遇甘露”“他乡遇故知”“洞房花烛夜”“金榜题名时”，这种喜庆的日子里，少了酒，总感觉就少了那么点喜庆的味道。这就是中国历经千年的“酒文化”！

现代医学研究下，喝酒被越来越多的人认为是“百害而不一利”的事情，喝酒不但损伤肝脏，导致酒精性肝损害，甚至出现酒精中毒现象；还会对血管有慢性的损伤，导致动脉粥样硬化，心脑血管方面的风险加重，高血压、高血脂的风险加重。

这样看来喝酒确实是危害太大了。口说无凭，让我们一起看一下现实世界关于酒的研究。

国内外关于饮酒的研究

1. 张秋依等人通过对江苏省常熟市的10246名2型糖尿病患者展开2年的横断面研究，研究发现饮酒不仅是发生糖尿病的危险因素，饮酒的2型糖尿病患者空腹血糖水平较高，血糖控制效果较差，而血糖控制水平是影响糖尿病患者预后的主要因素。而戒酒可以改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制， 进一步减少糖尿病并发症的发生。

2. 岳峰在研究中发现无论饮酒剂量大小，与不饮酒者相比，饮酒者的胰岛β细胞功能均减退；与少量饮酒相比，不仅大量饮酒， 适量饮酒也会显著升高空腹血糖。

从这两个研究上看，饮酒可以造成胰岛β细胞功能，还会显著提高空腹血糖，影响糖尿病患者的预后，对2型糖尿病患者影响不良。

3. 根据2018年版的《Lifestyle Management：Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes》（类似于中国的糖尿病指南）显示：适量饮酒对长期血糖控制没有明显的不利影响，与饮酒有关的风险包括低血糖(尤其是那些使用了胰岛素或胰岛素促分泌治疗的人)、体重增加和高血糖(那些酗酒，喝了太多的人)，糖尿病患者如果选择饮酒，可以遵循与非糖尿病患者相同的指导方针。女性每天不超过一杯，男性每天不超过两杯(一杯相当于12盎司啤酒、5盎司葡萄酒或1.5盎司乙醇)。

从国内外的研究来看：对2型糖尿病患者的作用更多是损害性的，不利于血糖的控制。

结合目前国内外对于饮酒与糖尿病之间的关联性的研究，我们发现很多研究认为饮酒对2型糖尿病无益处，会导致控制血糖能力下降，空腹血糖水平升高。

因此，不推荐2型糖尿病患者去饮酒，以免糖代谢水平进一步下降，如果饮酒的话，请按照2017年版《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》的建议：

1. 不推荐糖尿病患者饮酒，若饮酒需计算酒精中含有的总能量；

2. 女性每天饮酒的酒精量不超过15克，男性不超过25克（15克酒精相当于350毫升啤酒、150毫升葡萄酒或45毫升蒸馏酒），且每周不超过2次。

3. 应警惕酒精可能诱发的低血糖，避免空腹饮酒。

参考文献：

[1]朱亚莉,李社莉.饮酒与糖尿病相关性的研究进展[J].广西医学,2018,40(15):1729-1731.

[2]张秋伊,盛红艳,顾淑君.饮酒与2型糖尿病患者血糖控制之间的关系[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2017,25(12):905-907.

[3]岳峰.乙醇摄入与男性胰岛功能的相关性研究[D].济南:山东大学博士论文集, 2012:1-56.

[4]Avogaro A, Watanabe RM, Gottardo L, et al.Glucose tolerance during moderate alcohol intake:insights on insulin action from glucose/lactate dynamics[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002, 87 (3):1233-1238.

[5]Bell RA, Mayer-Davis EJ, Martin MA, et al.Associations between alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease risk factors:the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study[J].Diabetes care, 2000, 23 (11) :1630-1636.

[6]Joosten MM, Chiuve SE, Mukamal KJ, et al.Changes in alcohol consumption and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in men[J].Diabetes, 2011, 60 (1) :74-79.

作者：Belly zheng

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酒精是一种抑制性药物，它的化学作用会使性兴奋及性高潮的生理反应变慢甚至停止。对男性而言，酒精能抑制性兴奋，降低勃起能力及减少或失去射精和高潮的能力；对女性而言，性兴奋、阴道血容量及高潮，都会随着酒精浓度的增加而降低。长期喝酒会引起明显的生理变化，从而影响到性，甚至还会出现戒酒后仍无法恢复生理功能的情况。例如，偶尔饮酒能暂时降低男性的睾酮及精子数，而长期喝酒能导致男性永久不育及睾丸萎缩。此外，除了睾酮降低，女性激素则会增加，而引起无法恢复的乳房变大（男性女乳化）。喝酒的危害程度因人而异，但已有证据显示，女性喝酒过量会引起卵巢萎缩、月经不规则及不育症等。酒精也会引起精神方面的问题。对某些人而言，酒精除了降低其性抑制能力外，还会使原本害羞或对性有罪恶感的人放纵地表现他们的性兴奋及性欲，有些人则会借酒装疯，作出一些在清醒时不敢或者不会做的事情。