英文论文英国足球文化

有关英国文化The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide It is a European state, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language (the Anglosphere) Considerable contributions to British culture have been made over the last half-century by immigrants from the Indian Subcontinent and the West I The origins of the UK as a political union of formerly independent states has resulted in the preservation of distinctive cultures in each of the home Language Main article: Languages in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has no official English is the main language and the de facto official language, spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK However, some nations and regions of the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their autochthonous In Wales, English and Welsh are both widely used by officialdom, and Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned Additionally, the Western Isles council area of Scotland has a policy to promote Scottish G Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is not legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed itself to the promotion of certain linguistic Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish are to be developed in Wales, Scotland and Cornwall Other native languages afforded such protection include Irish in Northern Ireland, Scots in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where it is known in official parlance as "Ulster Scots" or "Ullans" but in the speech of users simply as "Scotch", and British Sign L The Arts Literature Sherlock Holmes, played here by Jeremy Brett, was created by British author Arthur Conan DMain article: British literature The earliest native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written in the Celtic languages of the The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th Irish poetry also represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle being of particular relevance to Northern I Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic, but literature in Latin predominated among educated After the Norman Conquest Anglo-Norman literature brought continental influences to the English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in the late 14th century, with the rise and spread of the London dialect of Middle E Geoffrey Chaucer is the first great identifiable individual in English literature: his Canterbury Tales remains a popular 14th-century work which readers still enjoy Following the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in 1476, the Elizabethan era saw a great flourishing of literature, especially in the fields of poetry and From this period, poet and playwright William Shakespeare stands out as arguably the most famous writer in the The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1745) After a period of decline, the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in vernacular literature, the rhyming weavers of Ulster being especially influenced by literature in Scots from S The following two centuries continued a huge outpouring of literary In the early 19th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance two hundred years earlier, with such poets as William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Lord B The Victorian period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Anne), Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot, and Thomas H World War One gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote (often paradoxically), of their expectations of war, and/or their experiences in the The Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of traditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be seen as more clearly separate from the strains of British The Scottish Renaissance of the early 20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and S The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety and was greatly enriched by immigrant It remains today the dominant English literary Other well-known novelists include Arthur Conan Doyle, D H Lawrence, George Orwell, Salman Rushdie, Mary Shelley, Zadie Smith, J R R Tolkien, Virginia Woolf and JK R Important poets include Elizabeth Barrett Browning, T S Eliot, Ted Hughes, John Milton, Alfred Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, and Dylan T Religion Main article: Religion in the United Kingdom Although today one of the most 'secularised' states in the world, the United Kingdom is traditionally a Christian country, with two of the Home nations having official faiths: Anglicanism, in the form of the Church of England, is the Established Church in E The Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church of E Presbyterianism (Church of Scotland) is the official faith in S The Anglican Church in Wales was disestablished in The Anglican Church of Ireland was disestablished in Other religions followed in the UK include Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, and B While 2001 census information [2] suggests that over 75 percent of UK citizens consider themselves to belong to a religion, Gallup International reports that only 10 percent of UK citizens regularly attend religious services, compared to 15 percent of French citizens and 57 percent of American A 2004 YouGov poll found that 44 percent of UK citizens believe in God, while 35 percent do not [3] The disparity between the census data and the YouGov data has been put down to a phenomenon described as "cultural Christianity", whereby many who do not believe in God still identify with the religion they were bought up as, or the religion of their [edit] Food Main article: British cuisine Although there is ample evidence of a rich and varied approach to cuisine during earlier historical periods (particularly so amongst wealthy citizens), during much of the 19th and 20th century Britain had a reputation for somewhat conservative The stereotype of the native cuisine was of a diet progressing little beyond stodgy meals consisting of "meat and two veg" Even today, in more conservative areas of the country, "meat and two veg" cuisine is still the favoured choice at the dinner Traditional British fare usually includes dishes such as fish and chips, roast dishes of beef, lamb, chicken and pork, as well as regional dishes such as the Cornish pasty and Lancashire H On 8 January 1940, four months after the outbreak of World War II, a system of food Rationing was introduced to conserve stocks and feed the nation during the critical war Rationing persisted until July 4, 1954 [4] when a fourteen year period of relative privation (which profoundly affected a generation of people attitude to 'a culture of food') finally came to an With the end of rationing, Britain's diet began to change, slowly at first during the 1950s and 1960s, but immeasurably by the closing decades of the 20th During the transitional period of the 1970s, a number of influential figures such as Delia Smith (perhaps Britain's most famous homegrown exponent of good food), began the drive to encourage greater experimentation with the new ingredients ( pasta) increasingly being offered by the The evolution of the British diet was further accelerated with the increasing tendency of the British to travel to continental Europe (and sometimes beyond) for their annual holidays, experiencing new and unfamiliar dishes as they travelled to countries such as France, Italy, and S Towards the mid to late 1990s and onwards an explosion of talented new 'TV chefs' began to come to prominence, (with figures as diverse as Jamie Oliver, Ainsley Harriott, Ken Hom, Nigella Lawson, Madhur Jaffrey, Nigel Slater, and Keith Floyd) this brought about a noticeable acceleration in the diversity of cuisine the general public were prepared to try and their general confidence in preparing food that had would once have been considered pure staples of foreign cultures, particularly the Mediterranean European, South and East Asian As a result, a new style of cooking called Modern British This process of increased variety and experimentation in food inevitably dovetailed with the very profound impact that the post-war influx of immigrants to the UK (many from Britain's former colonies in the Caribbean and Indian sub-continent) had on the national The new communities propelled new and exciting dishes and ingredients onto restaurant tables and into the national In many instances, British tastes fused with the new dishes to produce entirely new dishes such as the Balti, an English invention based on Indian cuisine that has since gained popularity across the Many of these new dishes have since become deeply embedded in the native culture, culminating in a speech in 2001 by Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, in which he described Chicken Tikka Masala as 'a true British national dish' [5] With the rich diversity of its peoples and its (arguably) relatively successful attempts at creating a true multicultural society, married to a reputation as an experimental and forward thinking nation, the future of British cuisine looks [edit] Education University College, Oxford was founded in the 13th centuryMain article: Education in the United Kingdom The education system in the United Kingdom varies in important respects between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern I Education is devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the assemblies in Wales and Northern I Education is compulsory for all children between the ages of five and Most children in the UK are educated in state funded schools financed through the tax system and so parents do not pay directly for the cost of Less than ten percent of the UK school age population attend independent fee-paying Many prominent independent schools, often founded hundreds of years ago, are known as public schools of which Eton, Harrow and Rugby are three of the better Most primary and secondary schools in both the private and state sectors have compulsory school This is a contentious point with generations of school children who would like to see them abolished, only to support their retention once they become parents, this is due to people wanting to have a 'uniform' appearance in schools and it reduces the brand logo culture from coming out in educational Due to the multicultural nature of England, some allowances have had to be made in the uniform regulations to accommodate the needs of some children's religious [edit] England Main article Education in England Most schools came under state control in the Victorian era, a formal state school system was instituted after the Second World W Initially schools were separated into infant schools (normally up to age 4 or 5), primary schools and secondary schools (split into more academic grammar schools and more vocational secondary modern schools) Under the Labour governments of the 1960s and 1970s most secondary modern and grammar schools were combined to become comprehensive Although the Minister of Education is responsible to Parliament for education, the day to day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of Local Education A Northern Ireland Main article Education in Northern Ireland Scotland Main article Education in Scotland Wales Main article Education in Wales Higher education The United Kingdom includes many historic These include the so-called Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University) which are amongst the world's oldest universities and are generally ranked at or near the top of all British Other universities include the University of St Andrews, the oldest university in S Academic degrees are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class) [Sport Main article: Sport in the United Kingdom The national sport of the UK is football, and the UK has the oldest football clubs in the The home nations all have separate national teams and domestic competitions, most notably the Scottish Premier League, the FA Cup and the FA Premier L The first ever international football match was between Scotland and England in The match ended Other famous British sporting events include the Wimbledon tennis championships, the Grand National, the London Marathon, the ashes series of cricket matches and the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge A great number of major sports originated in the United Kingdom, including: Football (soccer), squash, golf, boxing, rugby (rugby union and rugby league), cricket, snooker, billiards, badminton and National costume The kilt is a traditional Scottish garmentThere is no specifically British national Even individually, England, Wales and Northern Ireland have only vestiges of a national costume; Scotland has the kilt and Tam o' In England certain military uniforms such as the Beefeater or the Queen's Guard are considered by tourists to be symbolic of Englishness, however they are not official national Morris dancers or the costumes for the traditional English may dance are cited by some as examples of traditional English Naming convention The naming convention in most of the United Kingdom is for everyone to have a given name, usually (but not always) indicating the child's sex, followed by a parent's family This naming convention has remained much the same since the 15th century in England although patronymic naming remained in some of the further reaches of the other home nations until much Since the 19th century middle names have become very common and are often taken from the family name of an Traditionally given names were largely taken from the Bible however in the Gothic Revival of the Victorian era Anglo Saxon and mythical names became Since the middle of the 20th century however given names have been influenced by a much wider cultural 英国式足球（Wall game）的英文介绍Wall gameWally (pronounced Wall - ey ) is a groupe of games played predominantly in secondary schools in E The games are generally played during breaks and require a wall and tennis ball or Numbers involved in games range from four to 30-ish; however, numbers become unmanageable beyond How to playUsing a tennis ball The game is played against a stretch of wall with a smooth flat surface The wall should preferably be above two meters (although skilled players never use more than meter) The ball is 'served' by throwing the ball hard at the ground and making it bounce on to the wall; this is normally done from two to three meters away from the Players then have to hit the ball in the cupped palm of their hand towards the wall ensuring that it bounces on the ground before it hits the A player is out if they fail to hit the ball, fail to make the ball bounce before hitting the wall, or miss the The winner is the last person left A tennis raquet can be used instead of handsUsing a football The rules are the same although the ball is kicked rather than hit with the handDetailed RulesThe length of wall is changeable depending on the number of players but generally stays under eight Players can call for a re-serve if they feel there was a bad serve; this can only be done before the ball is The person who is nearest to the ball is the one that has to hit Failure to do so results in them being Players can step out of the way of the ball if there is someone behind them, thus making the person behind them responsible for hitting the If two players begin to claim the other person was nearer to the ball then both players are The ball is sometimes aimed at other players because they are out if the ball hits If the ball hits the joining of the wall and floor (a '50/50') players can call for the round to start Playing StyleThe game is played differently to the way the rules would The playing style is fast and furious and when well-played the ball is hit very hard and low to the ground three or four meters away from the Playing occasionally changes to the ball being hit very softy close to the wall requiring players to be very close to the wall; this is generally used tactically as players can then hit the ball hard so that it shoots off almost parallel to the wall catching out people who had not been playing close to the This tactic generally only last a round or part of one as it is considered VariationsThere are a few variations of the game although they are played with less frequency than the main 'Stings' is played exactly the same as the normal game except at the end of a game the first person has to stand against the wall while the winner gets one shoot against them with the '3D' wally is generally played in corridors or classrooms, in this variant of the game 2 or 3 walls are used as well as the

选修课 足球赏析 留的作业 老师说了 最好关于足球的多点吗？

半夜一点，在随身小纸片上写下这些文字，只因为我爱足球。爱足球不需要任何理由。尽管我分不清前锋与中位，叫不出每一支球队的名字。 足球就两个字——热血。日韩交锋，总能让人兴奋不已。在这特殊的战场上，我看到了一群视足球比生命还重要的人类。他们激情飞扬。有多少话语都化做呐喊，足球此刻便没有了国界，因为，足球就是生命！看那些队员在场上拼杀，会止不住激动落泪，只有足球，才能给人如此强烈的生命的震撼！ 爱足球，不需要任何理由。尽管我是女生，尽管我分不清南美与欧洲的球风。 阿根廷，智利，巴西……哪一个不是足球王国？上到老人，下到幼童，足球都是他们的伙伴。 我爱巴乔，他是足球的英雄；我爱罗纳尔多，爱他对足球的投入甚至那可爱的龅牙；我爱欧文，爱他的敬业球德；我爱小贝，爱他的英俊潇洒更爱他球场上的叱诧风云。 爱足球，不需要任何理由。尽管中国足球一次次令球迷失望。 我相信，足球迟早会代替乒乓球成为我们的国球。我始终坚信，迟早有一天，足球也会成为全民运动带领我们向前走。 我相信，没有人能拒绝足球的热力激扬，那阳光下草地青葱，当足球有了灵魂，这便是生命，这便是足球！ 足球这最具魅力的运动将绽放在神州！ 我看中国足球： 外行看热闹，我就说说“热闹“话。看球不能没反思，于是我们小组的几个同志得出以下结论： 1．话说“一个国家的男足水平代表一个国家的素质“，恩，中国男足责任重大，加把劲。而中国教育厅责任更加重大，“素质“如何，全民的才是真正的。 2．中国球迷欠组织性与纪律性，且容易“叛国“。球迷们且慢发火，这球赛不说，球迷在赛时没有足够坚定的意志，离终场还有一段时间就开始痛哭……我们应向邻邦韩国学习，不到比赛终结，球迷都是一副坚定的表情喊“必胜“。作为中国人，我们有责任相信我们的球队，不论胜败都应给他们有利的支持！ 由此所反映出的社会意识问题便是——民众原则性不够强，太易妥协。中国加入WTO，WTO也在侵蚀中国，倘若我们原则性不够强，中国在经贸领域的活力与持久力就会大打折扣。比如东北一牙签厂私自将每吨牙签降价100美元这件事所造成的严重后果便是“私利当前，原则靠边“的典型例子。以此为戒，民众原则性有待加强。 3．球员踢球不能很好进入状态。 这确实是个很严重的问题。 球场上没有足够热情与拼命的劲头，技术又如何？气势便差人一截。一日我那小妹问“为什么他们都没别人猛啊？“作为中国队绝对拥护者，我我无言以对。是啊，为什么，我们没有别人拼命的劲头？中国足球太需要生命燃烧的激情！精神上先输，兵家大忌。 而民众的生活状态也与此相似——生活态度不够硬朗，挣扎在颓废与平庸的边缘。人可以平凡但不可以平庸，没有热情的生命会象没有热情的足球一样平淡无味。我们需要热爱，需要激情。 4．普通民众无法充分认识到足球的重要性，国家对足球的重视程度有待提高。 足球可以带动我国出口贸易额的增长，你信吗？中国足球强大了，中国会差到哪里去？足球是我国体育项目中的弱项，尽管有乒乓球，排球，跳水，花样溜冰等为我们争光，但它们的号召力远不及足球。我是说，在世界范围内的号召力。 中国足球在未来几年中可谓商机无限。 看在足球对全世界号召力如此大的份上，国家就给足球更充分的重视吧。怎么说它都会拉动几个经济增长点吧…… 不看僧面看佛面对不？

H键 BOT增加 。。。。

“阿森纳、埃弗顿和利物浦”，光看队名你可能以为是在英格兰，实际上这也是南美俱乐部的名字。欧洲不少俱乐部都能在南美洲找到自己的翻版，阿根廷有阿森纳、智利有埃弗顿、乌拉圭有利物浦、厄瓜多尔有巴塞罗那。此外，流浪者、巡游者这些的欧洲俱乐部名称在南美也不陌生，用的也是英文，只是加在前面的地名不同而已，是乌拉圭、智利、巴西和玻利维亚等国家的城市。 历史：因为欧洲，所以足球 要弄清楚这些名字的来历并不是十分复杂的事情，只要看看“巴勒斯坦队”这个名字就能猜出个大概。这是一个智利的一支甲级队，是由旅居该国的巴勒斯坦人于1920年创建的，目前暂列积分榜第11位。南美洲是移民大陆，不仅与旧大陆欧洲有着千丝万缕的联系，还与世界其它地区有着很深的渊源。南美洲的巴勒斯坦人其实并不很多，最多的外来人是欧洲人和非洲人，亚洲的日本、中国和韩国人也有不少。但东亚三国并非传统足球国家，以往只在巴西出现过日本裔球员，也没有形成气候。巴西、秘鲁华人众多，但中国人最热衷的游戏不是足球，而是麻将。 巴西有个“葡萄牙人”俱乐部，扎加洛曾在那里执教，但现在的甲级联赛名单里已经没有了这支球队的名字。 足球进入南美是一个多世纪前的事，最早是在拉普拉塔河两岸，即乌拉圭和阿根廷。之后逐渐向周围地区延伸，首先是巴西南部，而后是智利，然后才不断扩展至南美大陆的中部和北部。从地理上来看，智利与阿根廷等国家隔着高高的安第斯山，为何能比较早开展足球运动呢？因为足球最先是白种人的游戏，黑人和混血人种今天成为主角，是他们的体育天赋被逐渐发现、开发的结果。智利是一个以欧洲白人移民为主的国家，所以那里成为了最先开展足球运动的国家之一。美洲杯最初是由乌拉圭、阿根廷、巴西和智利参与的，这4个国家的白人最多。巴西队在美洲杯上夺冠的次数远远低于乌拉圭和阿根廷，就有足球在巴西有色人种中推广比较晚的原因。 足球是外来的，在同样外来的人群中神奇地滚动着，变幻出令人眼花缭乱的花样。南美足球虽然比欧洲慢了半拍，却融进了南美人特有的风格，并形成与其发源地相对峙的实力。 一方水土养一方人，来自欧洲的移民受到南美水土的滋润，形成了自己新的生活、娱乐风格和价值观，新大陆与旧大陆已经全然不同。他们对足球的把握和诠释是本土化的，并立于南美这块土地。 尽管如此，让移民的后裔们忘掉自己的祖先也是不可能的，忘掉足球的祖先更不可能。实际上，阿根廷的探戈、巴西的桑巴都有着血统来源之地的影子：探戈带着浓郁的意大利韵味，桑巴具有强烈的非洲色彩。当然，探戈和桑巴都是南美的产物，是属于新大陆的财富。就像南美足球一样，产生并根植于这块肥沃的土壤，只是与其发祥地有着种种关联。 南美人没有忘掉这种关联，并用不同的方式表现出来，其中包括俱乐部的名字。实际上，在最早开展足球运动的日子里，南美人头脑中的概念十分清晰：它的老家在欧洲，欧洲是足球的宗师，也是模仿的对象。 个例：因为崇拜，所以阿森纳 虽然南美模仿欧洲的说法今日已经不大合时宜，因为从技术和成就来看，南美已经超越了欧洲。但模仿欧洲、崇拜欧洲足球的确是一种存在，尽管人们在尽量抹平这种印记。 阿根廷有一个“阿森纳俱乐部”，这是一支年轻的球队，1957年才建立。在阿根廷和乌拉圭，历史逾百年的俱乐部不少。“阿森纳”至少可以说明这样一个事实，在1957年的时候还有阿根廷人把欧洲足球作为崇拜的对象。 当年，在崇拜这支英格兰俱乐部的人当中为首的不是别人，正是今天的阿根廷足协主席、国际足联副主席格隆多纳。那么，格隆多纳和他的朋友们为什么要崇拜阿森纳呢？ 上世纪50年代初，阿森纳在英格兰赛场所向披靡，在老的甲级联赛中占有非常重要的地位，1953年还夺得了英甲冠军。阿森纳的影响力不仅遍及欧洲，还在南美洲产生了很大效应。格隆多纳和他的伙伴们就是这支英格兰球队的忠实球迷，并因此组建了一支新的俱乐部，并直接取名为“阿森纳”。 阿根廷的阿森纳与英格兰的阿森纳并没有内在联系，不是隶属关系，也没有经济上的关联，纯粹是一种崇拜关系。但这种崇拜关系今天已经很淡薄了，一个原因是南美足球的日益强大；二是自1982年马岛战争以来，阿根廷和英国的关系发生了巨大的变化。阿根廷年轻一代甚至不知道“阿森纳”建立的原因，也不去探究，人们已经不看英超了。在阿根廷，想完整地从电视中观看英超、意甲、西甲，比在中国困难多了。 2002年，经过多年奋斗之后，阿根廷的阿森纳升入甲级行列，指挥这支球队实现历史性突破的主教练就是著名球星布鲁查加。2003和2004年，他又带领这支球队成功在甲级联赛中立足，布鲁查加也成为3年来阿根廷甲级队中唯一一位没有下课的教练。 布鲁查加的名字其实早就为很多中国球迷所熟悉，阿根廷队1986年获得世界杯冠军时，他在决赛中打进了关键一球；当时，10号马拉多纳在阿根廷队中打中前场，锋线上两位尖刀中便有布鲁查加，另一名前锋是不久前刚从皇马总经理位置上退下来的巴尔达诺。 当年组建阿森纳的格隆多纳依旧关注着这支球队，俱乐部目前的主席就是他的儿子。有意思的是，小格隆多纳与老格隆多纳父子俩的名字都取成了一样的，都叫胡里奥。要想区别开来，只有以“老”和“小”来称呼他们。 烙印：因为历史，所以欧洲 智利的埃弗顿俱乐部建立的时间比较早，是在1909年。今天，智利人已经不大愿意把取名的原因说成是对英国足球的崇拜，就像阿根廷和乌拉圭的情形一样。在智利，他们现在会告诉你，当年组建俱乐部的时候，首届董事会中有个成员是糖果生产商；他生产的一种太妃奶糖叫埃弗顿薄荷糖，于是就拿来当作了俱乐部的名字。 实际上，当年在智利港口瓦尔帕拉索和英国利物浦之间有一条海上航线，英国的工业品和智利的农业、矿业产品通过这条航线进行交易，智利和英国之间的了解和交流并不少。 1909年，埃弗顿队还进行了一次南美旅行，南美人对这支英国球队更加熟悉。智利的埃弗顿队不仅使用了英格兰俱乐部相同的名字，而且球衣颜色和徽章也是一样的设计。 南美人并不反对模仿，只要是对自己有利的事物，他们不在乎别人说什么。 阿根廷博卡队的球衣是蓝色和金黄色搭配，来源其实就是瑞典国旗的色彩。当年组建球队时，大家一时想不出使用什么色彩的球衣好。一天，博卡港口上远远可以望见一艘轮船，上面飘扬着一面瑞典国旗，看上去赏心悦目。于是，博卡的队服颜色就这样确定下来，一直使用到今天。 乌拉圭的利物浦队成立于1908年，那是足球在南美洲开始流行的年代，一所学校的学生们酝酿组建了这支球队。之所以选定利物浦为名字，是因为在地图上找来找去，觉得这个地名不错，于是便选定了。事情过去了近100年，现在无法调查清楚，是不是和智利的埃弗顿一样，是一种早年对欧洲的崇拜。 不过，挑选一个地名作为俱乐部的名称也是南美洲常有的一种方式，乌拉圭还有一支俱乐部队叫多瑙河，如果不是从地图上找到的，就是从施特劳斯圆舞曲中得到的启发。 英国人作为现代足球的鼻祖，对世界足坛的影响是显而易见的。南美不仅有很多球队与英国球队重名。在阿根廷，河床队的队名还受英国人的影响一直使用的是英语名称，类似的还有博卡青年。 智利甲级联赛有埃弗顿、意大利联盟、西班牙联盟、流浪者、巡游者等欧洲化的队名，还有“巴勒斯坦”队，这都是移民创建的。从他们的队徽也可以看出这样的印记。

Reasons are as follows:1,English peole depend more on the wealth plotted by their forebears many years ago, but do not work 2,The rapid development of other parts of the 3,People's strive for freedom and equality lessed the English power over the world