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汉语言文学论文提纲
导语：汉语言专业要求学生有较强的文字运用能力，以及广博的文、史、哲的知识基础。下面是我分享的汉语言文学的论文提纲，欢迎阅读!
汉语言文学论文提纲篇一：
东北方言常用词语的演变
最近，苏州的学者对苏州话从过去到现在的发展进行了比较全面和系统的研究。随着东北经济的发展，生活环境的不断改变，东北话也发生了变化，目前还没有学者介入这一方面的研究。
在与论文指导老师讨论有关东北方言方面的研究成果时，老师的提示给了我灵感。苏州话与普通话的语音差距较大，有的学者对苏州话语音的演变进行归纳。每一个地方方言随着时代的变迁都会发生变化，我身边的东北人由于生活的年代和环境不同，日常用语也有很大地差别。所以我对东北方言常用词语的演变进行一个比较清晰的归类。
论文结构：
目录
摘要每个地方的方言经过历史的洗礼后都会有所变化，东北方言常用词语的使用在30年代、60年代和80后都存在很大不同。一般词语的变化具体表现在：新词的产生和旧词的消亡、词义的演变。东北方言常用词语的演变也可从这几个方面归纳总结出规律。
关键词词义扩大词义缩小消失的词新生的词
一.绪论
东北方言常用词语总述。……2000字
二.词义扩大
30年代老一辈人生活中的词语我们这些80后的人仍然在用，但有很多词语的意义已经不仅仅是老一辈人口中单义的意思了，还包括了随着时代发展而注入的诸多新意。……2000字
三.词义缩小
随着生活习惯的改变，很多词由原本的多义，逐渐演变成现在的单义。……2000字
四.消失的词
事物的消失、生活环境的改变、现象的消失等都会使与之相应的词语退出历史舞台。……2000字
五.新生的词
新生的事物、新的现象很容易带来一批新生的词语。……2000字
六.演变的原因
引起词语发生演变的原因有很多。……1000字
参考文献
汉语言文学论文提纲篇二：
论文题目：唐诗中的色彩服饰词语
隋唐五代时期是汉语词汇发展的重要时期，它上承先秦两汉的古语词，同时又有大量口语词出现，而唐诗能够比较全面的反映唐代的.语言面貌汉语言文学毕业论文提纲汉语言文学毕业论文提纲。唐诗现存近五万首，除了运用古语词和口语词外，还有体现唐诗特点的诗文词。(所谓“诗文词”就是一般用于诗文的词语，在口语中不太用)而诗丈词更多体现的是词的文化意义，其中，色彩服饰词语也属于诗文词汉语言文学。因此，本文将对唐诗中的色彩服饰词语进行系统的整理、分析。在写作过程中，首先通过《全唐诗索引》查出唐诗中的色彩服饰词语，然后对这些词语进行大致的分类，再结合史料、注释对每句诗进行分析，根据词汇的意义和使用情况再分类，最后对色彩服饰词语的使用情况进行归纳。从中我们发现：唐诗中色彩服饰词语大部分指官职，用服饰的色彩表示相应的官阶，但在唐诗中却不那么严格;色彩词与“衣”字的结合能力最强，其次是“袍”、“衫”、“服”;相当一部分色彩服饰词语是使用它的借代义和比喻义;还有一些色彩服饰词表示谦称或美誉汉语言文学毕业论文提纲论文。服饰色彩已成为一种象征符号，而“色彩服饰词语”更成为一种表达感情的工具，且它们是与传统政治文化、生产力水平、民族之间社会经济交往以及宗教信仰密不可分的。
摘要3-4
ABSTRACT4-5
目录5-7
第一章绪论7-9
一、唐诗的语言学研究价值及前人研究概况7-8
二、本文写作的意义8
三、文章结构8-9
第二章唐代服制简介9-14
第三章色彩衣服词语分析14-32
赭衣14
赭袍14
紫衣14-15
紫袍15-16
朱衣16-17
朱袍17-18
朱服18
朱衫18
红衣18-19
红衫19
红袍19
绯衣19-20
绯袍20
绯衫20-21
绛衣21
绛服21-22
茜衣22
茜袍22
茜服22
茜衫22
黄衣22-23
黄衫23
绿衣23-24
绿袍24-25
绿衫25
青衣25-26
青袍26-28
青衫28-30
白衣30
白杉30-32
第四章色彩“绶”(“绂”)分析32-39
朱绶32-33
朱绂33-34
红绶34
赤绶34
赤绂34-35
青绶35
绿绶35-36
艾绶36
紫绶36-37
紫绂37
黄绶37-38
墨绶38-39
结论39-44
注释44-45
参考文献45-47
致谢47
语言学毕业论文参考文献
语言学毕业论文的参考文献有哪些呢?语言是我国非常重要的文学，也是人与人交流的重要桥梁。下面是我分享的.语言学毕业论文的参考文献，欢迎阅读!
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冯翠华英语修辞大全北京：商务印书馆，1996
桂诗春，宁春言主编语言学方法论北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998
桂诗春应用语言学长沙：湖南教育出版社，1998
何兆熊新编语用学概要上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000
何自然语用学与英语学习上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
侯维瑞英语语体上海：上海外语教育出版社，1988
胡壮麟语言学教程(修订版)北京：北京大学出版社，2001
黄国文语篇与语言的功能北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002
黄国文语篇分析概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988
李延富主编英语语言学基本读本济南：山东大学出版社，1999
李运兴语篇翻译引论北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2000
刘润清西方语言学流派北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999
刘润清等现代语言学名著选读(上下册)北京：测绘出版社，1988
刘润清等语言学入门北京：人民教育出版社，1990
陆国强现代英语词汇学(新版)上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999
戚雨村现代语言学的特点和发展趋势上海外语教育出版社，1997
秦秀白文体学概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1990
孙志外国语言研究论文索引(1995—1999)上海外语教育出版社，2001
索绪尔普通语言教程北京：商务印书馆，1999
王德春语言学概论上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
王寅语义理论与语言教学上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
王宗炎语言学与语言的应用上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998
王佐良等英语文体学引论北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000
伍谦光语义学导论长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988
伍铁平普通语言学概要北京：高等教育出版社，2001
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拓展内容： 语文专业论文参考文献
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转摘More and more scholars are now showing an interest in adopting linguistic approaches to translation studies. Between 1949 and 1989, an incomplete survey by the author revealed that there were only about 30 textbook passages discussing the relationship between linguistics and translation, including aspects of general linguistics, pragmatics, stylistics, text linguistics, rhetoric and machine translation. From 1990 to 1994, there was an incredible increase in the number of passages looking at translation from a linguistic point of view. Almost 160 articles published over these five years concerned translation and general linguistics, stylistics, comparative linguistics, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, text linguistics, rhetoric, etc. New terms such as discourse analysis, hermeneutics, dynamic equivalence, deep structure and surface structure, context, theme and rheme, cooperative principles, to mention just a few, appeared in the field of translation studies. We can definitely identify a trend of applying linguistics theories to translation studies in these years. Today, we are at the point of questioning whether linguistics is a necessary part of translation. In recent years, some scholars who are in favour of free translation, have repeatedly raised this question to the public and appealed for an end to the linguistic approach to translation. Some firmly believe that translation is an art and that therefore linguistics is neither useful nor helpful. Such a claim is wrong if we look at translation as a whole, including scientific translation where meanings are rigid and restricted and the degree of freedom is limited. Flexibility, in this case, is neither required nor appreciated. But even in literary translation, linguistics is hardly a burden. Wang Zongyan pointed out that « If one sees linguistics as a body of rules regulating language, translators most probably will yawn with boredom. If it signifies the use of words and locutions to fit an occasion, there is nothing to stop translators from embracing linguistics » (Wang 1991: 38). The controversy over « literal » versus « free » translation has a long history, with convincing supporters on each side. For example, ancient Western scholars like Erasmus, Augustine, and others were in favour of literal translation. Among early Chinese translators, Kumarajiva is considered to be of the free school, while Xuan Zuang appears as literal and inflexible. In modern China, Yan Fu advocated hermeneutic translation, while Lu Xun preferred a clumsy version to one that was free but inexact. There is nothing wrong in any of these stances. When these translators emphasized free translation they never denied the possibility of literal translation, and vice versa. Problems only arise when the discussion turns to equivalent translations. The problem of equivalence has caused much controversy. Some people believed that there could be an equivalence of language elements independent of the setting in which they of occurred. Based on this assumption, some « literal » translators tried to decompose a text into single elements in hopes of finding equivalents in the target language. This is a naive idea. Jakobson (1971: 262) notes that « Equivalence in difference is the cardinal problem of language and the pivotal concern of linguistics. » He does not refer to « equivalence » but to « equivalence in difference » as the cardinal problem. Nida was also misunderstood by many for his notion of « equivalence, » which he took to mean that « Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style » (1969: 12). He further concluded that « Absolute equivalence in translating is never possible » (1984: 14). De Beaugrande and Dressler believed that the success or failure of either free or literal approaches was uncertain: an unduly « literal » translation might be awkward or even unintelligible, while an unduly « free » one might make the original text disintegrate and disappear altogether. To them, equivalence between a translation and an original can only be realized in the experience of the participants (cf. de Beaugrande and Dressler 1981: 216-217). Catford (1965: 27) expressed the same concern that equivalent translation is only « an empirical phenomenon, discovered by comparing SL and TL texts. » In citing the above examples, I have absolutely no intention of insisting on untranslatability. What I mean is that a translator should incorporate his or her own experience and processing activities into the text: solving the problems, reducing polyvalence, explaining away any discrepancies or discontinuities. Linguistic knowledge can help us treat different genres in different ways, always with an awareness that there are never exact equivalences but only approximations. Therefore, amplification and simplification become acceptable. If we agree that texts can be translated, then, in what way does linguistics contribute to translation? To answer this question, we must look at the acceptance of western linguistics in China and its influence on translation. Systematic and scientific study of the Chinese language came into being only at the end of the last century, when Ma Jianzhong published a grammar book Mashi Wentong «马氏文通» in 1898, which was the first in China and took the grammar of Indo-European languages as its model. The study of language was, in turn, influenced by translation studies in China. In Mashi Wenton, the main emphasis is on the use of morphology, which takes up six-sevenths of the book. Influenced by the dominant trend of morphological studies, a word was regarded as the minimum meaningful unit, and a sentence was therefore the logical combination of words of various specific types. Translation was, then, principally based on the unit of the word. In the West, Biblical translation provided a very good example, just as the translation of Buddhist scriptures did in China. Not until the end of the 19th century did some linguists come to realize that sentences were not just the summary of the sequenced words they contained. The Prague School, founded in the 1920s, made a considerable contribution to the study of syntax. According to the analytic approach of the Functional Perspective of the Prague School, a sentence can be broken down into two parts: theme and rheme. Theme is opposed to rheme in a manner similar to the distinction between topic and comment, and is defined as the part of a sentence which contributes least to advancing the process of communication. Rheme, on the other hand, is the part of a sentence which adds most to advancing the process of communication and has the highest degree of communicative dynamism. These two terms help enlighten the process of translating Chinese into English. In the mid-1950s, the study of syntax peaked with the Chomsky's establishment of transformational-generative grammar. This theory of the deep structure and surface structure of language influenced translation tremendously. Nida relied heavily on this theory in developing his « analyzing-transfering-reconstructing » pattern for translation. Some Chinese linguists, in the meantime, tried to raise language studies to a higher plane. Li Jinxi (1982) enlarged the role of sentence studies in his book A New Chinese Grammar, two thirds of which was devoted to discussing sentence formation or syntax. He writes that « No words can be identified except in the context of a sentence. » The study was then improved by other grammarians, including Lu Shuxiang, Wang Li. With the development of linguistic studies, translation based on the unit of the sentence was put forward by some scholars. It was Lin Yu-Tang who first applied the theory to translation in his article « On Translation. » He claimed that « translation should be done on the basis of the sentence [...] What a translator should be faithful to is not the individual words but the meaning conveyed by them » (Lin 1984: r 3). The importance of context in the understanding of a sentence was therefore emphasized. Chao Yuanren, a Chinese scholar and professor at Harvard University, criticized scholars and translators who tended to forget this point and take language for something independent and self-sufficient. In fact, it is obvious that when we translate a sentence, we depend on its context; when we interpret an utterance we rely on the context of the speech (cf. Chao 1967). When a sentence is removed from the text, it usually becomes ambiguous due to the lack of context. Therefore, translation becomes difficult. In the 1960s, people began to realize that the study of language based on sentences was not even sufficient. A complete study should be made of the whole text. A simple sentence like « George passed » may have different interpretations in different contexts. If the context is that of an examination, it means George did well on a test; in a card game it would indicate that George declined his chance to bid; in sports it would mean the ball reached another player. Without a context, how could we decide on a translation? Linguists therefore shifted their attention to the study of texts and to discourse analysis. Text linguistics have become increasingly popular since that time. Van Dijk was a pioneer in this field, and his four-volume edition of the Handbook of Discourse Analysis is of great value. Halliday's Cohesion in English and Introduction to Functional Grammar help us to better understand the English language on a textual level. It is worth noting that de Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) provided an overall and systematic study of text, which is useful to translation studies. De Beaugrande actually wrote a book called Factors in a Theory of Poetic Translating in 1978. The book did not become very popular as it confined the discussion to translating poetry. At the same time, books on a linguistic approach to translation were introduced into China, such as the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmarks, J.C. Catford, Georges Mounin, and others. These books gave a great push to the application of linguistic theories to translation studies in China. Textual or discoursive approaches to the study of translation could not keep pace with the development of text linguistics. Some studies remained on the syntactic or semantic level, though even there textual devices were employed. In talking about the translation units of word and text, Nida wrote: ... average person naively thinks that language is words, the common tacit assumption results that translation involves replacing a word in language A with a word in language B. And the more « conscientious » this sort of translation is, the more acute. In other words, the traditional focus of attention in translation was on the word. It was recognized that that was not a sufficiently large unit, and therefore the focus shifted to the sentence. But again, expert translators and linguists have been able to demonstrate that individual sentences, in turn, are not enough. The focus should be on the paragraph, and to some extent on the total discourse. (Nida and Tabber 1969: 152) From that statement we can see that Nida regards a discourse as something larger than a paragraph, as an article with a beginning and an ending. Nida himself never applied text linguistics to translation, and there might be some confusion if we use his term in our interpretation of discourse, because discourse analysis is not merely a study based on a larger language structure. Some Chinese scholars did make the effort to apply text linguistics to the theory and practice of translation. Wang Bingqin's article (1987) was the first academic paper of this sort. He stated his aim to study and discover the rules governing the internal structure of a text in light of text linguistics. He analyzed numerous examples using textual analysis, but unfortunately, all the samples he collected were descriptions of scenery or quotations from the books of great scholars--no dialogue, no illocutionary or perlocutionary forces in the language. He failed to provide a variety of examples. For this reason, his research findings are largely restricted to rhetorical texts in ancient China (cf. Wang 1981; Luo 1994). Scholars like He Ziran applied pragamatics to translation. He's article (1992) put forth two new terms, « pragmalinguistics » and « socio-pragmatics » which, in translation, refer respectively to « the study of pragmatic force or language use from the viewpoint of linguistic sources » and to « the pragmatic studies which examine the conditions on language use that derive from the social and cultural situation. » He discusses the possibility of applying the pragmatic approach to translation in order to achieve a pragmatic equivalent effect between source and target texts; that is, to reproduce the message carried by the source language itself, as well as the meaning carried by the source language within its context and culture. In this article he tries to distinguish « pragma-linguistics » from « socio-pragmatics » but finally admits that « Actually, a clear line between pragma-linguistics and socio-pragmatics may sometimes be difficult to draw. » Still he insists that the application of the pragmatic approach to translation is helpful and even necessary. Ke Wenli (1992) argued that semantics, which in a broad sense combines semantics and pragmatics, should be studied to help understand, explain and solve some of the problems encountered in translation. In this article, he examines four semantic terms--« sense and reference, » « hyponomy, » « changes of meaning » and « context »--giving many examples to illusrate the importance of having some general knowledge of semantics and of understanding the relationship between semantics and translation. This article is clearly written and readers can easily draw inspiration from it. These linguistics approaches shed new lights on the criteria of « faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance » defined by Yan Fu. Chinese scholars began to criticize the vagueness of these three criteria and endeavored to give them concrete significance through the theories of western linguistics. The result is that the content of these three traditional criteria has been greatly enriched, especially by the effect equivalence theory, which in a broad sense means that the target language should be equivalent to the source language from a semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic point of view. But we are still unable to evaluate translations in a very scientific way. Therefore, Chinese scholars like Fan Shouyi, Xu Shenghuan and Mu Lei embarked on quantitative analyses of translations and used the fuzzy set theory of mathematics in accomplishing their analysis. Fan published several articles on this field of study. His 1987 and 1990 articles evaluate translations according to a numerical quantity of faithfulness. Xu's article « A Mathematical Model for Evaluating a Translation's Quality » presents a normal mathematical model. He states that it is difficult to produce an absolutely accurate evaluation of translations with this model because of the uncertainty and randomness of man's thought process. Making such analysis more accurate and objective would require further research. The unit in translation is a hard nut to crack. Without solving this problem, no research in translation studies will ever be sufficient. To date, very few people have focused their research on this area. Nida holds that the unit should be the sentence, and in a certain sense, the discourse. Barkhudarov (1993: 40), Soviet linguist and translation theorist, suggests that: translation is the process of transforming a speech product (or text) produced in one language into a speech product (or text) in another language. [...] It follows that the most important task of the translator who carries out the process of transformation, and of the theorist who describes or creates a model for that process, is to establish the minimal unit of translation, as it is generally called, the unit of translation in the source text. Though he notes the importance of the unit of translation in a text and considers that this unit can be a unit on any level of language, he fails to point out what a text is and how it might be measured in translation. Halliday's notion of the clause might be significant in this case. To him, a clause is a basic unit. He distinguishes three functions of a clause: textual, interpersonal and ideational. According to Halliday, these functions are not possessed by word or phrase. But he is not quite successful in analyzing the relationship between clause and text (cf. Halliday 1985). In China, some people have tried to solve this problem. Wang Dechun (1987: 10) more or less shares Bakhudarov's view that the translation unit cannot be confined just to sentences. In some ways, the phoneme, word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, or even text can all serve as a unit. At this point, we cannot find anything special in treating text translation except for having text as the highest level among translation units. This is not the aim of text linguistics or discourse analysis. If we want to apply these to the theory and practice of translation, we will require a textual approach.
语言学可以写的内容很多。基本上不外乎以下一些:一，语音类如语音的属性、音韵与语音的关系、强弱、轻浊、音节等二，词汇类如词汇形态学，语义学，构词，词化，语义场等等三，语法类如语法结构，层次，修辞等四，句子类如分析句子的各种成分，语序，基本句型等五，语篇类如连贯性，思维逻辑性，结构修辞，主体与客体意识等这方面的教材很多，就看你的要求了。现在英语与汉语的对比语言学和对比文学比较热，从这方面下手也不错。
一：1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，言简意赅，引人注目，一般不宜超过20个字。论文摘要和关键词。2、论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句，一般3-5个。3、目录。既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题，应标注相应页码。4、引言(或序言)。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。6、结论。论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整，应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解，以及在本领域的意义。7、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后，参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。(参考文献是期刊时，书写格式为：[编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。参考文献是图书时，书写格式为：[编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。)8、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导，以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。
自己从网上转帖和编辑了下，总结了包括语言学、语用学、翻译、跨文化交际、二语习得、测试、教学法等方向的参考书籍 社会心理语言学 上海外教 王德春 2000 对比语言学概论 上海外教 许余龙 2000 语义学 上海外教 李瑞华 2000 语义理论与语言教学 上海外教 王 寅 2001 国俗语义研究 上海外教 吴友富 1999 当代西方语法理论 上海外教 俞如珍 2000 英汉修辞比较研究 上海外教 胡曙中 1999 美国新修辞学研究 上海外教 胡曙中 1999 英汉语言文化对比研究 上海外教 李瑞华 2000 英汉对比研究论文集 上海外教 李自俭 1999 现代修辞学 上海外教 王德春 2001 辞格与词汇 上海外教 李国南 2001 中国英汉翻译教材研究(1949-1998) 上海外教 张美芳 2001 语篇分析的理论与实践 上海外教 黄国文 2001 系统功能语言学多维思考 上海外教 朱永生 2001 现代语言学丛书 上海外教 新编心理语言学 上海外教 桂诗春 2000 心理语言学 上海外教 桂诗春 2000 语言问题探索 上海外教 王宗炎 2000 生成语法理论 上海外教 徐烈炯 2000 美国语言学简史 上海外教 赵世开 1999 汉语的语义结构和补语形式 上海外教 缪锦安 2000 应用语言学 上海外教 刘涌泉 2000 语篇的衔接与连贯 上海外教 胡壮麟 2000 神经语言学 上海外教 王德春 2000 自然语言的计算机处理 上海外教 冯志伟 1996 现代语言学的特点和发展趋势 上海外教 戚雨村 2000 语言学和语言的应用 上海外教 王宗炎 2000 语言系统及其运作 上海外教 程雨民 1998 模糊语言学 上海外教 伍铁平 2000 汉英对比语法论集 上海外教 赵世开 2000 语言共性论 上海外教 程 工 2000 语义学教程 上海外教 李福印 2000 教学篇章语言学 上海外教 刘辰诞 2000 英语语言学纲要 上海外教 丁言仁 2001 交际法英语教学和考试评估 上海外教 徐 强 2000 英汉语篇衔接手段对比研究 上海外教 朱永生 2001 认知语言学概论 上海外教 赵艳芳 2001 新编语用学概要 上海外教 何兆熊 2000 语法的多视角研究 上海外教 金立鑫 2000 英语词汇学研究 上海外教 汪榕培 2000 英汉语篇综合对比 上海外教 彭宣维 2000 隐喻学研究 上海外教 束定芳 2000 第二语言习得研究 上海外教 Ellis 2000 第二语言研究方法 上海外教 Selinger 2000 话语与文学 上海外教 Cook 2000 客观语言测试 上海外教 Spolsky 2000 口语语法 上海外教 Brazil 2000 第二语言习得概论 上海外教 Ellis 2000 实用文体学 上海外教 Widdowson 2000 应用语言学的原理与实践 上海外教 Cook 2000 英语教学史 上海外教 Howatt 2000 语言教学交际法 上海外教 Widdowson 2000 语料库、检索与搭配 上海外教 Sindair 2000 语言测试实践 上海外教 Bachman 2000 语言测试要略 上海外教 Bachman 2000 语言教学的基本概念 上海外教 Stern 2000 语言教学面面观 上海外教 Widdowson 2000 语言教学的问题与可选策略 上海外教 Stern 2000 语言教学的环境与文化 上海外教 Kramsch 2000 语言学习认知法 上海外教 Skehan 2000 语言与理解 上海外教 Brown 2000 文学与语言教学 上海外教 Carter 2000 交际法语言教学 上海外教 Johnson 2000 模糊语言 上海外教 Channell 2000 习语与习语特征 上海外教 Fernando 2000 语篇中的词汇模式 上海外教 Hoey 2000 词汇短语与语言教学 上海外教 DeCarrio 2000 语言领域的帝国主义 上海外教 Phillipson 2000 第二语言学习的条件 上海外教 Spolsky 2000 论以语言学习者为中心 上海外教 Yule 2000 英语会话 上海外教 Tzri 2000 语用学 上海外教 Yule 2000 语言与文化 上海外教 Kramsch 2000 语言学 上海外教 Widdowson 2000 第二语言习得 上海外教 Ellis 2000 心理语言学 上海外教 Scovel 2000 社会语言学 上海外教 Spolsky 2000 隐喻的研究与应用 上海外教 Low 2001 对比修辞:第二语言写作的跨文化层面 上海外教 Connor 2001 第二语言教与学的文化因素 上海外教 Hinkel 2001 语言课程评估:理论与实践 上海外教 Lynch 2001 社会语言学与语言教学 上海外教 Hornberger 2001 学习者为中心的课程设置:第二语言教学研究 上海外教 Nunan 2001 语言的迁移:语言学习的语际影响 上海外教 Odlin 2001 第二语言习得的学习策略 上海外教 Chamot 2001 体裁分析:学术与科研英语 上海外教 Swales 2001 第二语言词汇习得 上海外教 Huckin 2001 文化构建——文学翻译论集 上海外教 Lefevere 2001 跨文化交际——翻译理论与对比篇章语言学 上海外教 Hatim 2001 目的性行为——析功能翻译理论 上海外教 Nord 2001 语用学与翻译 上海外教 Hickey 2001 翻译问题探讨 上海外教 Newmark 2001 翻译学——问题与方法 上海外教 Wilss 2001 翻译教程 上海外教 Newmark 2001 通天塔之后——语言与翻译面面观 上海外教 Steiner 2001 语篇与译者 上海外教 Mason 2001 翻译研究:综合法 上海外教 Hornby 2001 描述翻译学及其他 上海外教 Toury 2001 语言与文化:翻译中的语境 上海外教 Nida 2001 翻译的理论建构与文化透视 上海外教 谢天振 2000 翻译文化史论 上海外教 王克非 2000 比较与翻译 上海外教 汪榕培 1997 翻译论丛 上海外教 耿龙明 1998 中国翻译教学研究 上海外教 穆 雷 2000 实用翻译美学 上海外教 傅仲选 2000 语言、文化与翻译 上海外教 奈达 2000 译介学 上海外教 谢天振 2000 语言与文化 上海外教 顾嘉祖 2000 中国译学理论史稿(修订版) 上海外教 陈福康 2000 语法隐喻理论研究 外研社 范文芳 2001 应用语言学研究方法与论文写作 外研社 文秋芳 2001 认知语言学概论——语言的神经认知基础 外研社 程琪龙 2001 语言与语言学：实用手册 外研社 语用与认识--关联理论研究 外研社 2001 第二语言习得研究 外研社 蒋祖康 2000 理论文体学 外研社 胡壮麟 2000 语言文化差异的认识与超越 外研社 高一虹 1999 语言测试和它的方法(修订版) 外研社 刘润清 1991 语言的符号性 外研社 丁尔苏 2000 跨文化非语言交际 外研社 毕继万 2000 跨文化交际学概论 外研社 胡文仲 2000 英语习语与英美文化 外研社 平 洪 2000 跨文化交际面面观 外研社 胡文仲 1999 俄汉语言文化习俗探讨 外研社 刘光准 1999 语言与文化论文集 外研社 二十一世纪大学英语教学改革 外研社 中国辞书学文集 外研社 2000 汉英篇章对比研究 外研社 论新开端:文学与翻译研究集 外研社 文化与交际 外研社 许国璋先生纪念文集 外研社 陶渊明诗歌英译比较研究 外研社 语言与文化 外研社 邓炎昌 2001 中西人际称谓系统 外研社 田惠刚 1998 中国语言学的现状与展望 外研社 许嘉璐 1998 语言要略 外研社 方 立 1999 语言学方法论 外研社 桂诗春 1998 西方语言学流派 外研社 刘润清 1999 文化与语言 外研社 王福祥 2000 许国璋论语言 外研社 功能主义纵横谈 外研社 胡壮麟 2000 洪堡特--人文研究和语言研究 外研社 语言学教程 外研社 2000 当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库： 语言论:言语研究导论 外研社 Sapir 2001 普通语言学教程 外研社 Saussure 2001 语言论 外研社 Bloomfiefd 2001 语言学综览 外研社 Aronoff 2001 语言学理论:对基要原著的语篇研究 外研社 Beaugrande 2001 吉姆林英语语音教程 外研社 Cruttenden 2001 音系学通解 外研社 Gussenhouen 2001 汉语方言的连读变调模式 外研社 Chen 2001 优选论 外研社 kaqer 2001 汉语形态学:语言认知研究法 外研社 Packard 2001 转换生成语法导论:从原则和参数到最简方案 外研社 Ouhalla 2001 当代句法理论通览 外研社 Ballin 2001 乔姆斯基:思想与理想 外研社 Smith 2001 语言知识及其本质、来源和使用 外研社 Chomsky 2001 当代语义理论指南 外研社 Lappin 2001 关联性:交际与认知 外研社 Sperber 2001 语用学引论 外研社 May 2001 语用学 外研社 Leuinsou 2001 言辞用法研究 外研社 Grice 2001 如何以言行事 外研社 Austin 2001 言语行为:语言哲学论 外研社 Searle 2001 表述和意义:言语行为研究 外研社 Searle 2001 言语的萌发:语言起源与进化 外研社 Aitchison 2001 语言学简史 外研社 Robins 2001 英语学习词典史 外研社 Cowie 2001 现代词典学入门 外研社 Bejoint 2001 英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法 外研社 Leech 2001 小说文体论:英语小说的语言学入门 外研社 Leech 2001 人类语言学入门 外研社 Foley 2001 英语:全球通用语 外研社 Crystal 2001 社会语言学通览 外研社 Coulmas 2001 认知语言学入门 外研社 Schmid 2001 语言的范畴化:语言学理论中的类典型 外研社 Taylor 2001 英语的衔接 外研社 Halliday 2001 作为社会符号的语言:从社会角度诠释语言与意义 外研社 Halliday 2001 英语的功能分析:韩礼德模式 外研社 Bloor 2001 历史语言学导论 外研社 Lehmamm 2001 英语史:从古代英语到标准英语 外研社 Baugh 2001 翻译与翻译过程：理论与实践 外研社 Bell 2001 儿童语言发展引论 外研社 Cohen 2001 语言学习与运用中的错误:错误分析探索 外研社 James 2001 第二语言教与学 外研社 Nunan 2001 第二语言课堂反思性教学 外研社 Richards 2001 ESL/EFL英语课堂上的学习风格 外研社 Reid 2001 语言学习与教学的原则 外研社 Brown 2001 根据原理教学:交互式语言教学 外研社 Broen 2001 词汇、语义学和语言教育 外研社 Hatch 2001 语言教学大纲要素:课程设计系统法 外研社 Brown 2001 外语学习与教学论 外研社 Johnson 2001 语言测试词典 外研社 Dauies 2001 语言测试指南:发展、评估与研究 外研社 Henning 2001 第二语言习得与语言测试研究的接口 外研社 Bachman 2001 评估与测试:研究综述 外研社 Wood 2001 语言学课题:语言研究实用指南 外研社 Wray 2001 用语料库研究语言 外研社 Thomas 2001 语法化学说 外研社 Hopper 2001 剑桥语言百科全书 外研社 Crystal 2001 应用语言学百科辞典:语言教学手册 外研社 Johnson 2001
汉语言文学的毕业论文提纲
导语：通过沈从文小说《边城》来描述了湘西淳朴自然的乡土民情，表现了一种自然而又不悖乎人性的生命形式，抒发了作者对纯真人性的赞美和眷念。下面是我整理的汉语言文学毕业论文提纲，仅供大家参考！
1.沈从文小说的文化内涵
1.1 两个世界
1.2 湘西情味
1.2.1 风俗的美
1.2.2 人情美
2.《边城》中的.自然人性文化
2.1 人性和谐的体现
2.2 充满“善”意的悲悯
2.2.1 爱情之“悲”
2.2.2 人性之“悲”
3.“希腊小庙”与“城市化现代化”
3.1 “现代化”与“城市”的歧路
3.2 “人性”——“希腊小庙”的供奉
4.结语
主要参考资料：
[1]赵海燕·都市人生与湘西世界的对立互参[J]·佳木斯大学社会科学学报·2006,24(6)：56～57
[2]沈从文.《沈从文精选集》[M].北京：燕山出版社，2005.12
[3]]爱德华W萨义德(美)[M].《东方学 》.王宇根译.上海：三联书店，1999.5
[4]旷新年.《解读沈从文经典》[M].石家庄：花山文艺出版社，2003.4
[5]沈从文.《大山里的人生》[M].湖南：文艺出版社，2002.2
[6]沈从文.《沈从文经典作品选边城传奇不奇》[M].北京：当代世界出版社，2004.2
[7]彭晓勇.《边城圣手——沈从文》[M].北京：中国青年出版社.1994
[8]金介尃.《沈从文笔下的中国社会文化》[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社，1994
[9]龙迎春.《走进沈从文的家乡品读湘西》[M].广东：广东旅游出版社，2003
[10]邵华强.《沈从文研究资料》[M].北京：知识产权出版社 2002
[11]巴金、黄永玉.《长河不尽流：怀念沈从文先生》[M].湖南：湖南文艺出版社
[12]吴立昌.《沈从文作品-欣赏》[M].广西：广西教育出版社，1988
[13]吉首大学沈从文研究室.《沈从文研究第一辑》[M].湖南：湖南大学出版社，1988
[14]凌宇.《沈从文传：生命之火长明》[M].北京：北京十月文艺版社，1988
[15]沈从文.《沈从文选集第五卷》[M].四川：四川人民出版社，1983
[16]高扬·论沈从文小说的湘西民俗文化内涵[J]·固原师专学报·1998,67(5)：41～75
[17]杨芳芳.《沈从文作品精选阿黑小史》[M].长江文艺出版社，2004.1
[18]沈从文.《沈从文别集萧萧集》[M].南京：江苏教育出版社，2005
[19]田中阳.《湖湘文化精神与二十世纪湖南文学》[M].长沙：岳麓书社，2000
[20]谭其骧.中国年内地移民史湖南篇[A]长水集[M].北京：人民出版社，1987
[21]沈从文.《边城长河》[M].天津:天津人民出版社，2010.1
[22]凌宇.《沈从文正传》[M]南京:江苏文艺出版社，2010,.1
语言学被普遍定义为对语言的一种科学化、系统化的理论研究。那语言学的论文题目要怎么选呢?下面我将为你推荐语言学论文选题的内容，希望能够帮到你!
1、论修辞的定义及其发展历程
2、论修辞本质的现代意义
3、论修辞学的性质
4、论现代修辞学的研究对象
5、修辞学的研究任务
6、汉语修辞学的研究对象、任务和范围
7、论汉语修辞的民族特点
8、论修辞学与语言学的关系
9、论修辞学与语法学的关系
10、修辞学与心理学的关系
11、修辞学与社会学的关系
12、论修辞学与美学的关系
13、论修辞学与哲学的关系
14、论修辞与传播的关系
15、修辞学与传播学的关系
16、修辞学与心理语言学的关系
17、修辞学与广告学的关系
18、论修辞学与社会心理学的关系
19、论修辞学与新闻学的关系
20、修辞学的发展与现代社会科学
21、修辞学研究的多维方法
22、论现代修辞学研究的社会心理学方法
23、论社会心理修辞学的研究方法
24、社会修辞学研究概述
25、论修辞研究的心理学方法
26、结构修辞学及其研究
27、语言修辞学及其研究
28、言语修辞学及其研究
29、现代汉语修辞学的发展
30、现代修辞学的发展趋势
31、当代修辞学的发展方向
32、20世纪中国修辞学概述
33、21世纪中国修辞学发展展望
34、现代修辞学的体系建构
35、中西古典修辞学研究比较
36、中西修辞学研究方法比较
37、论修辞中的辩证法
38、修辞与语境的关系
39、话语建构与语境的关系
40、修辞关涉的社会心理因素及其修辞价值
41、语境与话语理解
42、语境与修辞效果评价
43、语境学研究及其发展
44、语境学与现代传播学
45、语境的构成
46、认知修辞学及其发展
47、比喻的传播价值
48、修辞与真理
49、论修辞交际中的伦理法则
50、修辞研究中的伦理学方法
1、论修辞手段的定义及其构成
2、修辞方法及其构成
3、汉语修辞方法的民族性及其在跨文化交流中的价值
4、同义修辞手段
5、同义修辞手段研究概述
6、模糊修辞及其研究
7、寻常词语的艺术化
8、论辞格的本质
9、辞格及其定义
10、辞格的分类标准
11、汉语修辞格研究概说
12、汉语修辞格研究的进展
13、新闻标题中的比喻及其功能
14、比喻的结构
15、汉语比喻的民族特点
16、汉语喻体中的民族审美心理
17、花类喻体的文化含义
18、动物喻体的文化含义
19、比喻的民族心理基础
20、比喻与认知模式
21、夸张的民族特点
22、汉语借代的民族特点
23、反复的修辞功能
24、双关的语义结构
25、比拟的修辞功能及其语体分布
26、现代汉语公众称谓的变迁与社会心理
27、道德观念与汉语词语的伦理分化
28、汉语新修辞格探析
29、移就及其语义结构
30、句式的整散调配与话语风格
31、话语句式的长短转换方法
32、句式的雅俗分化及其调配
33、话语句式语气变化的修辞价值
34、话语句式的杂糅及其修辞价值
35、话语建构中的句式调配
36、话语句式调配的原则
37、话语句式调配的方法
38、词语选择的方法
39、词语的附加修辞功能及其类别
40、词语的态度标示功能及其修辞价值
41、词语的语体标示功能
42、词语理性意义的轻重与运用
43、话语组织的原则
44、句际衔接的方法
45、话语句际组合的原则
关于论文的选题我最常做的就是看这类的论文书（现代语言学），之后总结分析别人的题目，结合自己的论文来构思
我分享几个现代语言学这本期刊的文献标题给你看看哈，你可以参考参考：京剧翻译中归化和异化策略的研究基于CiteSpace的国内俄语前置词研究可视化分析国外性别语言研究的发展历程、主要内容及理论嬗变新闻漫画中“中美关系”多模态隐喻的认知研究非洲媒体涉华新冠疫情新闻标题的及物性分析外语学习动机领域国际姿态的研究焦点与发展趋势流行语“摆烂”的语用及来源探析
关于语言学 论文最主要的研究方式为：现在语言学的发展，传统语言文学新政策影响等等，有关语言学类的论文选题有很多中形式，更多的可以来，58期刊网看看。
英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017
英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板，欢迎阅读!
一、目的和意义
英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。
二、选题原则
毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发，结合学科发展的动态和研究现状，尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间，从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面，有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。
毕业论文属于研究性论文，讲求一定的学术性，但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文，因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内，在教师指导下完成所要求的工作，选题应遵循如下基本原则：
1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格，须体现专业训练的基本内容，须与所学的专业知识相衔接。
2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。
3、选题的类型应多种多样，力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能，有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。
4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求，内容既要有探索、钻研的余地，又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内，以保证教学任务的完成。
三、类型及基本要求
英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求：
1、语言及语言学研究类论文
就本科毕业论文而言，纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上，还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度，不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等)，语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等)，语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等)，两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，做出有参考或应用价值的结论。
2、文学评论类论文
此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象，尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上，通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行，如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的，也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法，都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想，要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场，进行具有一定新意的'探讨。
3、翻译研究类论文
此类论文可以是纯理论的研究，或具体翻译技巧的研究，或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究，也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究，另加对作品本身的评述，对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。
4、语言教学研究类论文
此类研究属交叉学科的研究，涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等，是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究)，教学方法与技巧研究，课堂教学管理策略研究，学生个体差异研究，影响教学效果的外部条件研究，教育技术的使用与开发研究，教材的分析与评估研究，测试与评估研究，素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题，还是方法，或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值，突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。
5、经贸方向研究类论文
此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究，可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程，运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，作出有参考或应用价值的结论。
四、任务及深度要求
毕业论文的主要内容包括：选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等，其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关，工作量饱满，满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写，具有一定的创新性和应用性，正文篇幅在5，000词以上，参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面，并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。
五、考核办法
毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成：
1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现，论文观点的新颖性，论文结构的合理性，论文论证的逻辑性，英语表达的正确性和地道性，以及学生的工作态度，指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性，论文论据的充分性，论文的创见与突破性，论文的结构、文字表达情况，评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。
3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍，毕业论文的质量，答辩中回答问题的正确程度，英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性，答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
六、毕业论文时间分配
序号 内 容 时间(周)
1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4
2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5
3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2
4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2
5 毕业论文答辩 1
合 计 14
七、其它说明
外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”，即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格，学生无权获得学士学位。
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
1.the common historical background……………………………………1
1.1 international………………………………………………………1
1.2 national…………………………………………………………1
2.the common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
2.1 rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
2.1.1 beats in literature………………………………………………2
2.1.2 rockers in music circles………………………………………3
2.2 ideologies in between……………………………………………4
2.2.1 beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
2.2.2 their same destiny……………………………………………4
2.2.3 beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
2.3 belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
2.3.1 beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
2.3.2 rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
3.their identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
3.1 bohemian…………………………………………………………7
3.1.1 beats…………………………………………………………7
3.1.2 rockers………………………………………………………7
3.2 madness…………………………………………………………8
3.2.1 the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,
and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven
to madness……………………………………………………8
3.2.2 rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on
rock circus spot………………………………………………9
3.3 self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
3.3.1 drugs…………………………………………………………9
3.3.2 homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
4.1 beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
4.2 rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
Why should we write the thesis?
To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so
What do we need when we write a thesis?
Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
Secondly, the way of writing is also important.
A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
Wording: we prefer big word to small one;
Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.
How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?
Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:
2. Choose a title/Title a paper;
3. Collect materials for reference in writing;
4. Analyze the collected materials;
5. Sort out the data and arguments;
6. List references;
7. Make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. Proofread;
10. The last version.
What subjects may we choose to write?
English and American Literature
The Practice and Theory of Translation
English Language
English Linguistics
English Grammar
English Phonetics
English Lexicology
English Rhetoric
Language and Culture
ELT Methodology
Teaching English in Middle School
English Teaching Research and Survey
The History of… (All mentioned above)
英语语言学论文提纲
提纲，是一种概括地叙述纲目、要点的`公文。它不把全文的所有内容写出来，只把那些主要内容，提纲挈领式地写出来。以下是我为大家整理英语语言学论文提纲的相关内容，仅供参考，希望能够帮助大家！
I. Introduction
Ⅱ. Euphemism
2.1 The Definition of Euphemism
2.2 The Features of Euphemism
III.,Pragmatic Failures in English Euphemism
3.1 Pragmatic Linguistic Failures
3.2 Socio-pragmatic Failures
IV.,The Reasons for the Pragmatic Failure in English Euphemism
4.1 The Reasons of Pragmatic Linguistic Failures
4.1.1 The Difference of the Context
4.1.2 The Difference of Expression Patterns
4.2 The reasons of Socio-pragmatic failures
4.2.1 The Difference of Customs
4.2.2 The Difference of Social Values
V. The Reflection of Pragmatic Failure in Euphemism
VI.Conclusion
Chapter 1 Gatsby's American Dream and Its Distortion
1.1 What is the American Dream
1.2 Gatsby's American Dream in Different Phases
Chapter 2 Disillusionment of Gatsby's Distorted Dream
2.1 Gatsby's Efforts in Achieving His American Dream
2.2 Gatsby's Disillusionment
Chapter 3 New Interpretation of Gatsby's American Dream
3.1 The External Factors of the Disillusionment
3.1.1 The Hierarchy System
3.1.2 The Jazz Age
3.2 The Internal Factors of the Disillusionment
3.3 The Essential Factor of the Disillusionment
3.4 Some Hypotheses
3.5 The American Dream in the Present Age
Conclusion
This conclusion
F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is a novel that deals with American dreamto a great extent. In a relatively short novel of nine chapters, Fitzgerald tells the tragicstory of Jay Gatsby's quest for the rich and shallow Daisy. Through the first-personnarrator, Nick Carraway, the emptiness of the materialistic American dream isrevealed and the novel ultimately manifests the failure of this American dream.
The American dream concerns politics as in “The Declaration of Independence”,military affairs as in the participation of America in the World War Ⅰ， economy asabout the matter of material success, moral conventions as about spiritual goodnessand religious freedom, literature as reflected in novels, sports as in the principle“competing fairly, openly and aboveboard”, aesthetics as in the appreciation of thebeauty of happiness, and many other fields. It comes from the old colonist's time,through the Westward Expansion, the Independence War, the Civil War, two worldwars, to the present highly developed society and goes on for ever. It is a method ofcommunication in the way that success is used to show off and that the invisibleuntouchable inner virtues and abilities are to be proved to the society in the form ofvisible success. It is a history of struggle in the sense that people take efforts to makewhat is said and what is done meet. It is the emotional and psychological growth ofindividuals as well as material and spiritual growth of the nation.
The Great Gatsby not only expresses the theme of the disillusioned materialisticAmerican dream, it also constantly urged the society to seek a new cultural insightoutlet---the spiritual American dream, which undoubtedly provides a patch to mendthe already distorted and imperfect American dream culture. So the point is to find abalance between the spiritual and the material. We have experienced and willexperience a lot of adventures or frustrations in our life, we constantly face differenttemptations and moral shortcuts, sometimes we may even vacillate, but what makesus persist and keep striving is the right values and solid faiths, thus bringing usspiritual liberation and inner freedom to live a happy life. That is the power of dream.
The roaring twenties of the United States is the ideal setting for Gatsby's story,but it is only the setting. The story itself is as great as ever. To some degree, theAmerican dream in this story is sublimed to a universal sense which breaks thelimitation of time and space. So any research on the novel and its profound meaningof the American dream will never be outdated.
1 Introduction
1.1 Significance of the research
1.2 Organization of the thesis
2 Literature Review
2.1 Researches on monolingual mental lexicon
2.1.1 Definition of mental lexicon
2.1.2 Models of mental lexicon: a developing one
2.2 Research methodology of bilingual mental lexicon
2.2.1 Word association paradigm
2.2.2 Word translation task
2.2.3 Cross-language priming paradigm
2.3 Theories on bilingual mental lexicon
2.3.1 Weinreich’s three hypotheses: the ancestor of bilingual
mental lexicon models
2.3.2 Paivio’s bilingual dual-coding theory
2.3.3 Kroll & Stewart’s revised hierarchical model
2.3.4 De Groot’s distributed representation model
3 Extended Bilingual Distributed Representation Model
3.1 Setting and characteristic of L2 word acquisition
3.2 Psychological mechanism of L2 word acquisition
3.2.1 Coactivation pattern: L2 word representation manner
3.2.2 Simultaneous formation of semantic memory and episodic memory
3.3 Semantic restructuring in L2 vocabulary development
4 Implications for L2 Word Meaning Acquisition
4.1 Unbalanced performance on language comprehension
and production
4.1.1 Receptive vs. productive vocabulary: imbalance on
acquisition difficulty
4.1.2 Positive effect of episodic memory
4.2 Negative semantic transfer
4.2.1 Episodic memory: the primary cause of negative semantic transfer
4.2.2 Negative effect of episodic memory
4.3 Episodic memory and L2 word meaning acquisition
4.3.1 Applying episodic memory: when and how
4.3.2 Strengthening semantic memory: why and how
5 Conclusion
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
1.the common historical background……………………………………1
1.1 international………………………………………………………1
1.2 national…………………………………………………………1
2.the common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
2.1 rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
2.1.1 beats in literature………………………………………………2
2.1.2 rockers in music circles………………………………………3
2.2 ideologies in between……………………………………………4
2.2.1 beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
2.2.2 their same destiny……………………………………………4
2.2.3 beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
2.3 belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
2.3.1 beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
2.3.2 rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
3.their identical lifestyles………………………………………………6