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Of the Domesticating Translation in Fu Donghua's Translation Version of Gone With the Wind 一楼的也可以
《 Float 》 , is my favorite book.Like the beauty of si brave strong, like the rui especially of tactful is resolute, like the outside of the meilanrui soft inside just.For the beauty of si this person thing, my felling is self-contradict, is to dislike the but again and have to respect and admire her.She is a person for having the character very much, loving two men in her whole life, but she didn't an is an understanding of.If she understands the rare gift of a, that she will not love him;If she understands the rui especially, that she will not lose him.She always is to be ungrateful to the rui especially of, she is just not to stop the rare gift of prince- a who make track for oneself's in a dream.She is just to think the characteristics that loves by herself that the rare gift of a have, she just does a gorgeous clothes, letting rare gift of a put on, being in love with him and then.But fact is, she love just that clothes.For her, I am to have to admire of, admire her strong, admire her to the persist of land, admire her ability under the education that that in environment under let go of before be subjected to the farmland stem live, admiring the speech that she can neglect the society but founding own business.Her life contain a few souls, an is her mother.His mother is a madam with expensive very able and gentle and soft typical model, is the person who she respect and admire most .But, mother typhoid for saving the person but ising infect, die.Another, is her more than ten in the last years favourite of person- a rare gift.Her ability stands up in the adverse circumstances, have very greatly a part of reason is a rare gift of a .She the rare to a gift persists unusually.Still have a, is the meilanli .More than ten years that struggle together in, the meilanli has already become her life in the indispensability of a part.I feel that the beauty of si is like a child, persisting to the thing that oneself want unusually, but to the thing that oneself own but disdain to on attend to.An at try very hard to make the oneself happy, a push the happiness to leave constantly again, push the lover toward abyss.The beauty of si is loving is a rare gift of a , but,a rare gift but don't want her.Be like the rui to especially say of, the rare gift of a is a gentleman, just wasing born in an and he inharmonious ages.He still uses the rules of the game of the old world life, will bump only rejection.The beauty of si doeses not understand the a to hope the gift, so she loves him, think that exhausted whole wayses get him, but when she recognize pure he, she did not love him any further.The beauty of si is a contradictory body, can have again who not is a contradictory body?She is in the life of road up all the way walk, be when she face the difficulty, she chooses the accolade, be when she face the responsibility, she chooses to carry, can be she face loving choice is, at first, he choose to hoodwink the oneself, being her to recognize finally pure, to face, but is already the hour already late.But she, at incapable is a dint, will tell the oneself, tomorrow is new day, everythings will like tomorrow, the Tomorrow is another day.She is all an in the whole story full of fire, be filled with the person of the will to fight.I enjoy most of, would be her this" Tomorrow is another day.".Was filled with the hope forever, be filled with the will to fight, can never give up, can never despair.This spirit, the most worthy of I study.So, whenever I meet the difficulty, mood not good, I will tell the oneself then:" Tomorrow is another day.".The another in book make the female that me admire very, would be the meilanli .She is an outside soft inside just of female, she almost owned the whole virtue that female can own.Positive if the rui especially says of, she is a that a handful of expensive madam that he saw win.She is strong, she is patriotic, she uses her heart love nearby all people.When her husband fight, she silent in the rear guard the hon, do the business of her what lies in one's power, be the north guy to beat in the city and she again soon about to deliver child, she still the town settle, being the next stem of the her body infirmity and nobodies to live soon didn't When the rice eat, she similar to beauty of si , let go of past education for be subjected to and sense of superiorities, trail weak of body next stem live, be she see the beauty of si kill a north guy, she did not be rattled, but help to bury the corpse, searching the money, wiping the blood stain, being the war finally end, north guy soldier whom she hate bitterly before arriving at her door request to look after and themselves also have no excessive food, she still fulfil her ability the ground helped them, because she hopes to also have the north guy woman of a good heart afar to her just at homing a rice of husband eat.Such strong female, the but again is a such gentleness kind and considerate.She persists the ground to believe the rare gift of beauty of si and a's, even someone see with own eyes they hug together, also persisting the ground to believe them, protection si beauty.She knows perfectly well pain and sufferings that own body can't bear again to grow, but persist the ground to want to hope the gift to give birth to a child for the a again, end leave she loved the close relatives of the lifetime.Is really too great, looking at themeilanli, make me thought of much more Chinese ancient times females of, they are also such dociles, work hard in spite of criticism, assist husband and bring up children, then silent unknownly old go to and depart from this life.In the whole book, I is a rui for the person that like most especially.He is brave and persists, he can love the beauty of si so and deeply for more than ten years constant.He wants to protect the beauty of si , the doter si beauty, look after the beauty of si, let her everything feel happy, but the beauty of si refused.He says, again the time that eternal love also will dub out, but his love, drive beauty of si, drive rare gift of a , was dub out by the adherence that the si beauty is stupid of.His heart, die.When his daughter leaves him, his heart, return any further not to come.He says, he has always been to have no that patience shear the ground pants and sew and like, then tells the oneself this is similar to lately, just deceive yourself as well as others.Ground is ground, return and don't go to any further, even make allies, the top still stays the crack, is not originally any further that.《飘》，是我最喜爱的书。喜欢斯佳丽的勇敢坚强，喜欢瑞特的机智果断，喜欢玫兰妮的外柔内刚。对于斯佳丽这个人物，我的感觉是矛盾的，是讨厌却又不得不敬佩她。她是个非常有个性的人物，她一生中爱了两个男人，而她却没一个是了解的。如果她了解阿希礼，那她就不会爱他；如果她了解瑞特，那她就不会失去他。她一直以来是辜负瑞特的，她只是不停追寻着自己梦中的王子——阿希礼。她只是把自己爱的特点认为阿希礼有，她只是做了一件华丽的衣服，让阿希礼穿上，而后爱上他。而事实是，她爱的只是那件衣服。对于她，我是不得不佩服的，佩服她的坚强，佩服她对土地的执着，佩服她能在那中环境下放下以前所受的教育下田干活，佩服她能不顾社会上的言论而开创自己的事业。她生命有几个灵魂，一个是她的母亲。他的母亲是一位非常能干、温柔的典型贵夫人，是她最敬佩的人。可是，母亲为了救人而被传染伤寒，去世了。另一个，是她十几年来最爱的人——阿希礼。她能在逆境中站起来，有很大一部分原因就是阿希礼。她对阿希礼是异常执着的。还有一个，就是玫兰妮。在一起奋斗的十几年里，玫兰妮已经成为她生命中不可缺少的一部分了。我觉得斯佳丽就像个小孩子一样，对自己想要的东西异常执着，而对自己所拥有的东西却不屑一顾。一面在拼命让自己幸福，一面又不断地把幸福推离，把爱人推向深渊。斯佳丽爱的是阿希礼，可是，阿希礼却不要她。就像瑞特说的，阿希礼是个君子，只是生在了一个和他格格不入的时代。他还是用旧世界的游戏规则生活，只会撞得一鼻子灰。斯佳丽不了解阿希礼，所以她爱他，想尽一切办法得到他，而当她认清他时，她再也不爱他了。斯佳丽是个矛盾体，可又有谁不是矛盾体呢？她在生命的道路上一路走来，当她面对困难时，她选择迎接，当她面对责任时，她选择担负，可当她面对爱的抉择是，起初，他选择蒙蔽自己，当她终于认清，要面对时，却已为时已晚。而她，在无能为力时，就会告诉自己，明天是新的一天，明天一切都会好了，Tomorrow is another day。她在整个故事中，都是个充满生气、充满斗志的人。我最欣赏的，便是她的这句“Tomorrow is another day.”。永远充满了希望，充满斗志，永远不会放弃，永远不会绝望。这份精神，是最值得我学习的。所以，每当我遇到困难、心情不佳时，我便会告诉自己：“Tomorrow is another day.”。书中另一个使我十分佩服的女性，便是玫兰妮。她是个外柔内刚的女性，她几乎拥有了女性所能拥有的一切美德。正如瑞特说的，她是他所见过的少数贵夫人中的一个。她是坚强的，她是爱国的，她用她的心爱身边所有的人。当她丈夫打仗时，她在后方默默守侯，做她力所能及的事，当北佬打进城而她又快要临盆时，她依然镇定，当她身体虚弱而没人下地干活快要没饭吃时，她和斯佳丽一样，放下过去所受的教育和优越感，拖着虚弱的身体下地干活，当她看到斯佳丽杀了一个北佬时，她没有惊慌失措，而是帮着掩埋尸体，搜查钱财，擦拭血迹，当战争终于结束，她痛恨的北佬士兵来到她门前要求照顾而她们自己也没有过多粮食时，她还是尽她所能地帮助他们，因为她希望在远方也有一个好心的北佬女人给她正在回家的丈夫一口饭吃。如此一位坚强的女性，却又是如此的温柔善良和善解人意。她执着地相信斯佳丽和阿希礼，即使有人亲眼看见他们搂在一起，也执着地相信他们，保护斯佳丽。她明知自己的身体无法再承受生育的痛苦，却执着地要再为阿希礼生个孩子，最终离开了她爱了一辈子的亲人们。真的是太伟大了，看着玫兰妮，使我想到许许多多的中国古代女性，她们也是如此的善良，任劳任怨，相夫教子，然后默默无名地老去、死去。整部书中，我最为喜欢的人物就是瑞特。他勇敢、执着，他能那么深地爱着斯佳丽十几年不变。他想保护斯佳丽，宠爱斯佳丽，照料斯佳丽，让她事事称心，而斯佳丽却拒绝了。他说过，再永恒的爱也会有磨光的时候，而他的爱，是被斯佳丽，被阿希礼，被斯佳丽愚蠢的固执磨光的。他的心，死了。当他女儿离开他时，他的心，再也回不来了。他说过，他从来没有那个耐心把剪碎的裤子缝好，再告诉自己这就和新的一样，自欺欺人罢了。碎了就是碎了，再也回不去了，即使修好，上面仍然留有裂缝，再也不是原来那条了。瑞特是个复杂的人，他有良好的家世，但却仍和旧时代格格不入，他有锐利的眼睛，可以在乱世找到自己的处身之道，他对国家有热情，即使他明知必败无疑，却仍在最后关头入了军。他爱斯佳丽，但他更了解斯佳丽，所以他从不说，只是通过行动表达，而斯佳丽却从来不想去了解他。最后，他绝望了，一次又一次的失望使他再也没有勇气再去尝试，他累了。《飘》绝对是部值得再三品味的好书，文字优美，情节跌荡起伏、扣人心弦，虽然其中由于作者的主观因素，对于美国南北战争的评价并不客观和全面，但以文学角度来说，这绝对是一部绝世佳作，值得一看。备注：中文后几段英文好像没有翻译，宁外《飘》英文名应该是《go with wind》
分析英语专业毕业论文写作
紧张而又充实的大学生活即将结束，大家都知道毕业前要通过毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较正规的、有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，那么优秀的毕业论文是什么样的呢？以下是我整理的分析英语专业毕业论文写作，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
摘要： 由于英语专业毕业论文写作有关英美文学选题的数量比较多，因此毕业论文出现选题过于陈旧、重复研究、参考资料雷同、学术价值低等问题。通过分析英语专业毕业论文写作普遍存在的问题，改正英美文学教学的不足之处，意在探寻英美文学教学改革的新思路。
本科毕业论文是大学生在校经过四年的学习，在离开大学、步入社会之前向学校提交的最后一份答卷，其重要性不言而喻。毕业论文是衡量大学生综合能力的一个尺度，不仅考察学生掌握专业知识的能力，而且反映学生的写作能力与创新思维能力；同时毕业论文是对本科教学质量的一次检验，学生在选题、写作过程中普遍存在问题映射出专业教学的不足之处。以英语系为例，由于英语专业毕业论文关于英美文学方面的选题比较多，往往存在着选题过于集中、陈旧、且重复研究、参考资料雷同，故而造成同一选题文章大同小异的现象。通过分析英语专业毕业论文写作普遍存在的问题，改正英美文学教学的不足之处，意在探寻英美文学教学改革的新思路。
一、英语专业本科毕业论文普遍存在的问题
（一）选题过于陈旧、缺乏创新意识。就笔者指导过的有关英美文学的毕业论文来看，学生的选题大多集中在少数经典作品上，并且重复研究的现象比较多。英国文学选题集中在分析《哈姆雷特》、《简爱》、《呼啸山庄》、《苔丝》、《傲慢与偏见》等作品上，美国文学选题无外是评论《红字》、《飘》、《老人与海》、《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》等。英美文学作品浩如烟海，难道除了这几部作品，没有别的作品可供研究了吗？问及学生，他们在数目众多的文学作品里很难下手的原因是：
第一、由于没有读过完整的作品，学生就选择熟悉的作家和作品来写；
第二、在英美文学课上，虽然老师介绍过很多文学作品，但因为课时有限，对作品的分析只是浮光掠影，很难做到全面和深入，只能靠学生在课下阅读和品味。学生之所以选择评论经典作品，是因为经典作品的研究文章多不胜数，方便学生参考和引用，不用为凑不够字数而担心。以《献给艾米莉的一朵玫瑰》为例，年年都有学生评论这部作品。因为福克纳是美国著名作家，有关他的研究论文很多，有大量的文献资料可供查阅；且该作品为短篇小说，与长篇小说相比阅读起来省时省力。纵观学生的论文内容，集中研究艾米莉女人公的人物形象、主题、小说中的象征因素、叙事角度等，结果学生的论文大同小异，缺乏创新，很难从新的角度写出新意，更不用说有学术价值了。
（二）论文内容肤浅、缺乏文学理论支撑。毕业论文内容肤浅这一现象暴露出学生缺乏必要的专业知识基础，没有养成科学严谨的态度和思维习惯，同时反映出本科英美文学教学的不足之处----忽视对文学理论的教学。就同一部文学作品而言，不同的人和不同的阅读视角对作品做出的诠释往往大相径庭。教师应运用不同的文艺批评理论，对作品进行分析研究，培养学生创新性思维。例如评论《简爱》，教师可以教授学生从读者批评、女权主义、解构主义、结构主义、新历史主义、后殖民主义的角度对其进行全方位的阐释。通过教授文学批评的方法，有助于培养学生的理性思维能力。
二、英美文学教学改革的新思路
（一）教材内容有待更新、增加当代文学知识。英美文学课程在英语专业三、四年级开设，多数学校选择陈嘉的三卷本《英国文学作品选读》和常耀信的两卷本《美国文学选读》为教材，周课时为两节。因学时有限，教师在一个学期很难完成规定的教学任务。现有的文学教材大都写到二战前后，很少涉及英美当代文学，这种厚古薄今的做法使得现有教材在内容上显得陈旧。英国文学历史悠久，从莎士比亚至狄更斯是英国文学的重头戏，二十世纪英国文学的比重在无形中被减少了。美国文学历史虽短，不乏有大量优秀的作品问世，二十世纪美国文学更加出彩，出现了众多一流的作家，例如菲茨杰拉尔德、海明威、福克纳、弗罗斯特等，美国文学更新的速度比英国文学快。当今英美文学课程内容与学生所处时代的差距是客观存在的。教师应适当扩充对英美当代文学的介绍，让学生更多的接触一些距离我们时代较近的文学作品。以当代英国文学为例，让学生了解并阅读戈尔丁的《蝇王》、金斯利艾米斯的《幸运的吉姆》、约翰福尔斯的《法国中尉的女人》、塞缪尔贝克特的《等待戈多》、约翰奥斯本的《愤怒的回顾》、哈罗德品特的《看门人》、多丽丝莱辛的《金色笔记本》等作品。通过介绍和补充当代英美文学，不仅使英美文学教学与当今时代紧密结合，而且可以进一步提高学生学习的积极性，扩宽学生毕业论文写作的视野，避免对经典作品进行重复性的`研究。
（二）提高教学学术含量、补充西方文学理论。现今英美文学教学采取文学史和文学作品选读结合式讲解，忽略对文学理论的传授。对文学理论在英美文学教学“缺席”这一现象，不少学者表示担忧，郭英剑指出“文学理论的‘缺席’或是‘缺失’是令人深思的”。[1]事实上，与其让学生机械记忆知识点，不如培养学生文学鉴赏的能力。因为文学作品是永远读不完的，教会学生解读作品的方法更切合实际。文学理论能帮学生掌握认知事物的方法、培养学生的思维能力。教师在授课过程中首先简要介绍不同文学时期的社会背景、主流思潮，帮助学生理清文学史的线索，然后把教学重点放在分析有代表性的文学作品并结合文学批评的方法，达到提高学生理解作品的深度和强度的目的。传统的文学批评采用社会历史的批评方法，即注重人物分析、主题分析。伴随着文学内容的多样化，该研究方法已经不能满足对文学作品进行多元化的诠释。英美文学教学面临的问题是要转变文学观念，更新文学批评的内容，向学生讲授二十世纪的文学批评流派，如结构主义、解构主义、形式主义、新批评、新历史主义、女权主义、后殖民主义等。通过引导学生用这些批评方法解读作品，[2]为学生今后毕业论文的写作或研究生阶段的学习打好坚实的基础。
（三）综合多种授课方式、有效利用网络资源
1.结合课堂陈述（presentation）和小组讨论（groupdiscussion）模式，培养学生独立思考的能力。例如讲授华盛顿？欧文的代表作《瑞普凡温克》时，教师布置提前阅读的任务，并让一名学生对小说的情节、人物、主题、冲突做简要陈述（presentation），这样做使大家了解小说的大概，锻炼学生的语言表达能力。学生陈述完毕，教师提出以下问题让全班同学进行分组讨论：
a.In what way does Irving’s portrayal of Dame VanWinkle help to illumine Rip’s character？
b.What dothe war and the death of Rip’s wife have in commonin terms of how Rip will live the rest of his life？
接着，每组选举一名代表发言，这样做不仅增强学生分析、解决问题的能力，而且帮助学生树立良好的合作意识和人际沟通能力；最后教师根据问题进行综合性的评价。
2.自主学习模式，有助于提高学生文学鉴赏能力。由于文学作品篇幅较长，在有限的时间内教师讲解很难做到面面俱到，因此学生有必要在课下进行延伸性阅读，提高文学鉴赏的能力。教师可以给学生列出阅读书单，学生根据自己的爱好选择感兴趣的作品阅读，凭着对作品的第一感悟写出读后感（response）。由于学生没有受到其它评论的影响，对作品的理解往往有独到之处，因此这种写作练习对学生来说是非常实用的，不仅培养他们独立思考能力，而且能提高写作水平。
3.有效利用网络资源，增加课程的趣味性。目前网络成为教师教学中的新宠，教师可以有效运用丰富的网络资源，从网上下载资料，制作有趣味性、信息量大的教学课件，巧妙结合文字、图片和影像资料，力求达到良好的教学效果。同时，给学生介绍一些教辅资料网站：涵盖相关的背景知识、文学评论文章、经典原著，提供国内外相近主题的网站链接等等，[3]学生根据自己的兴趣进行真正意义上的个性化学习。
参考文献：
[1]郭英剑.从文学理论的论文的缺席谈起——文学教学的目的是什么[J].郑州大学学报,2002,(5):5.
[2]孙敏.英美文学课教学改革探索[J].中国大学教学,2007,(3):68.
[3]张惠卿.英美文学教改初探[J].淄博师专学报,2009,(3):
FuDongHua domesticating translation of "gone with the wind"
FuDongHua domesticating translation of "gone with the wind"
别忘了给分哦摘要：4关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文关键词，这些关键词就是论文的中心词，以显著的字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方 4关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文的中心词，以显著的字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。 （二）主体部分主题部分包括引言（Introduction）、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。1．引言：主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。2．正文：论文的正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分，论点明确。行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项的序号编码方法，采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法，论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列，依次从1开始，连续编号，中间用“．”相隔，最末级编号之后不加点。示例：1．2．…… 2.12.2…… 2.2.12.2.22.2.3.… 2.2.3.13．结论：学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论，它是对正文部分的论述的概述，也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。4．参考文献：写作学位论文过程中，阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单，置于正文之后，另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。（1）文献目录应另页书写，外文文献排前，中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。（2）文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。（3）每条文献必须顶格写，回行时空两字或五个英语字母。（4）将各文献的类型代号（即文献英文名的首字母）注明在文献之后：
Of the Domesticating Translation in Fu Donghua's Translation Version of Gone With the Wind 一楼的也可以
分析英语专业毕业论文写作
紧张而又充实的大学生活即将结束，大家都知道毕业前要通过毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较正规的、有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，那么优秀的毕业论文是什么样的呢？以下是我整理的分析英语专业毕业论文写作，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
摘要： 由于英语专业毕业论文写作有关英美文学选题的数量比较多，因此毕业论文出现选题过于陈旧、重复研究、参考资料雷同、学术价值低等问题。通过分析英语专业毕业论文写作普遍存在的问题，改正英美文学教学的不足之处，意在探寻英美文学教学改革的新思路。
本科毕业论文是大学生在校经过四年的学习，在离开大学、步入社会之前向学校提交的最后一份答卷，其重要性不言而喻。毕业论文是衡量大学生综合能力的一个尺度，不仅考察学生掌握专业知识的能力，而且反映学生的写作能力与创新思维能力；同时毕业论文是对本科教学质量的一次检验，学生在选题、写作过程中普遍存在问题映射出专业教学的不足之处。以英语系为例，由于英语专业毕业论文关于英美文学方面的选题比较多，往往存在着选题过于集中、陈旧、且重复研究、参考资料雷同，故而造成同一选题文章大同小异的现象。通过分析英语专业毕业论文写作普遍存在的问题，改正英美文学教学的不足之处，意在探寻英美文学教学改革的新思路。
一、英语专业本科毕业论文普遍存在的问题
（一）选题过于陈旧、缺乏创新意识。就笔者指导过的有关英美文学的毕业论文来看，学生的选题大多集中在少数经典作品上，并且重复研究的现象比较多。英国文学选题集中在分析《哈姆雷特》、《简爱》、《呼啸山庄》、《苔丝》、《傲慢与偏见》等作品上，美国文学选题无外是评论《红字》、《飘》、《老人与海》、《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》等。英美文学作品浩如烟海，难道除了这几部作品，没有别的作品可供研究了吗？问及学生，他们在数目众多的文学作品里很难下手的原因是：
第一、由于没有读过完整的作品，学生就选择熟悉的作家和作品来写；
第二、在英美文学课上，虽然老师介绍过很多文学作品，但因为课时有限，对作品的分析只是浮光掠影，很难做到全面和深入，只能靠学生在课下阅读和品味。学生之所以选择评论经典作品，是因为经典作品的研究文章多不胜数，方便学生参考和引用，不用为凑不够字数而担心。以《献给艾米莉的一朵玫瑰》为例，年年都有学生评论这部作品。因为福克纳是美国著名作家，有关他的研究论文很多，有大量的文献资料可供查阅；且该作品为短篇小说，与长篇小说相比阅读起来省时省力。纵观学生的论文内容，集中研究艾米莉女人公的人物形象、主题、小说中的象征因素、叙事角度等，结果学生的论文大同小异，缺乏创新，很难从新的角度写出新意，更不用说有学术价值了。
（二）论文内容肤浅、缺乏文学理论支撑。毕业论文内容肤浅这一现象暴露出学生缺乏必要的专业知识基础，没有养成科学严谨的态度和思维习惯，同时反映出本科英美文学教学的不足之处----忽视对文学理论的教学。就同一部文学作品而言，不同的人和不同的阅读视角对作品做出的诠释往往大相径庭。教师应运用不同的文艺批评理论，对作品进行分析研究，培养学生创新性思维。例如评论《简爱》，教师可以教授学生从读者批评、女权主义、解构主义、结构主义、新历史主义、后殖民主义的角度对其进行全方位的阐释。通过教授文学批评的方法，有助于培养学生的理性思维能力。
二、英美文学教学改革的新思路
（一）教材内容有待更新、增加当代文学知识。英美文学课程在英语专业三、四年级开设，多数学校选择陈嘉的三卷本《英国文学作品选读》和常耀信的两卷本《美国文学选读》为教材，周课时为两节。因学时有限，教师在一个学期很难完成规定的教学任务。现有的文学教材大都写到二战前后，很少涉及英美当代文学，这种厚古薄今的做法使得现有教材在内容上显得陈旧。英国文学历史悠久，从莎士比亚至狄更斯是英国文学的重头戏，二十世纪英国文学的比重在无形中被减少了。美国文学历史虽短，不乏有大量优秀的作品问世，二十世纪美国文学更加出彩，出现了众多一流的作家，例如菲茨杰拉尔德、海明威、福克纳、弗罗斯特等，美国文学更新的速度比英国文学快。当今英美文学课程内容与学生所处时代的差距是客观存在的。教师应适当扩充对英美当代文学的介绍，让学生更多的接触一些距离我们时代较近的文学作品。以当代英国文学为例，让学生了解并阅读戈尔丁的《蝇王》、金斯利艾米斯的《幸运的吉姆》、约翰福尔斯的《法国中尉的女人》、塞缪尔贝克特的《等待戈多》、约翰奥斯本的《愤怒的回顾》、哈罗德品特的《看门人》、多丽丝莱辛的《金色笔记本》等作品。通过介绍和补充当代英美文学，不仅使英美文学教学与当今时代紧密结合，而且可以进一步提高学生学习的积极性，扩宽学生毕业论文写作的视野，避免对经典作品进行重复性的`研究。
（二）提高教学学术含量、补充西方文学理论。现今英美文学教学采取文学史和文学作品选读结合式讲解，忽略对文学理论的传授。对文学理论在英美文学教学“缺席”这一现象，不少学者表示担忧，郭英剑指出“文学理论的‘缺席’或是‘缺失’是令人深思的”。[1]事实上，与其让学生机械记忆知识点，不如培养学生文学鉴赏的能力。因为文学作品是永远读不完的，教会学生解读作品的方法更切合实际。文学理论能帮学生掌握认知事物的方法、培养学生的思维能力。教师在授课过程中首先简要介绍不同文学时期的社会背景、主流思潮，帮助学生理清文学史的线索，然后把教学重点放在分析有代表性的文学作品并结合文学批评的方法，达到提高学生理解作品的深度和强度的目的。传统的文学批评采用社会历史的批评方法，即注重人物分析、主题分析。伴随着文学内容的多样化，该研究方法已经不能满足对文学作品进行多元化的诠释。英美文学教学面临的问题是要转变文学观念，更新文学批评的内容，向学生讲授二十世纪的文学批评流派，如结构主义、解构主义、形式主义、新批评、新历史主义、女权主义、后殖民主义等。通过引导学生用这些批评方法解读作品，[2]为学生今后毕业论文的写作或研究生阶段的学习打好坚实的基础。
（三）综合多种授课方式、有效利用网络资源
1.结合课堂陈述（presentation）和小组讨论（groupdiscussion）模式，培养学生独立思考的能力。例如讲授华盛顿？欧文的代表作《瑞普凡温克》时，教师布置提前阅读的任务，并让一名学生对小说的情节、人物、主题、冲突做简要陈述（presentation），这样做使大家了解小说的大概，锻炼学生的语言表达能力。学生陈述完毕，教师提出以下问题让全班同学进行分组讨论：
a.In what way does Irving’s portrayal of Dame VanWinkle help to illumine Rip’s character？
b.What dothe war and the death of Rip’s wife have in commonin terms of how Rip will live the rest of his life？
接着，每组选举一名代表发言，这样做不仅增强学生分析、解决问题的能力，而且帮助学生树立良好的合作意识和人际沟通能力；最后教师根据问题进行综合性的评价。
2.自主学习模式，有助于提高学生文学鉴赏能力。由于文学作品篇幅较长，在有限的时间内教师讲解很难做到面面俱到，因此学生有必要在课下进行延伸性阅读，提高文学鉴赏的能力。教师可以给学生列出阅读书单，学生根据自己的爱好选择感兴趣的作品阅读，凭着对作品的第一感悟写出读后感（response）。由于学生没有受到其它评论的影响，对作品的理解往往有独到之处，因此这种写作练习对学生来说是非常实用的，不仅培养他们独立思考能力，而且能提高写作水平。
3.有效利用网络资源，增加课程的趣味性。目前网络成为教师教学中的新宠，教师可以有效运用丰富的网络资源，从网上下载资料，制作有趣味性、信息量大的教学课件，巧妙结合文字、图片和影像资料，力求达到良好的教学效果。同时，给学生介绍一些教辅资料网站：涵盖相关的背景知识、文学评论文章、经典原著，提供国内外相近主题的网站链接等等，[3]学生根据自己的兴趣进行真正意义上的个性化学习。
参考文献：
[1]郭英剑.从文学理论的论文的缺席谈起——文学教学的目的是什么[J].郑州大学学报,2002,(5):5.
[2]孙敏.英美文学课教学改革探索[J].中国大学教学,2007,(3):68.
[3]张惠卿.英美文学教改初探[J].淄博师专学报,2009,(3):
文学英语论文有很多的现成可以参考呢：例如下面几个题目：夏洛克悲剧命运成因分析美剧字幕翻译以《绯闻女孩》为例论文化语境在翻译中的重要性——以《红楼梦》为例……网站上有很多的
随着我国社会的不断进步以及政治、经济、科学技术等方面的发展，对具有独立个性的复合型人才的需求也随之增长。英语教学在中国大学 教育 领域已经占据着主导地位20多年。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于英语专业 毕业 论文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅议 商务英语 的译翻译技巧
[摘 要] 随着国际贸易和国际营销等跨国商务运作的日益频繁,商务英语翻译作为一种交流手段和媒介起着至关重要的作用。同时商务英语是一门具有专门用途的英语,形成了自身的文体特征,它要求选词恰当、精确,具有用语礼貌、表意清晰。因此商务英语翻译必须具有一定的翻译技巧,才能在商务交流中体现它的实用效果。
商务英语是为国际商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语,所涉及的专业范围很广,并具有独特的语言现象和表现内容、文体复杂。商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识,为了提高翻译质量,翻译者必须具备一定的自身条件。
第一,翻译者的汉语功底要好。很多人往往忽视这一点,认为汉语是自己的母语,凭着自己原来的底子应付翻译中的问题,是绰绰有余的。然而在真正的翻译过程中,为了一个词语或者一个句型,冥思苦想了半天也得不到一个满意的结果。有时好不容易想出来了也觉得不够理想。由此可见,汉语表达能力和对汉语理解能力的大小直接影响翻译的好坏。下功夫学好汉语,打好汉语基础对于翻译是十分重要的。
第二,英语语言能力要强。全面的语法知识和大量的词汇量缺一不可。如果只有大量的词汇量,而没有较好的英语语法知识。翻译过程中译者的理解肯定是错误百出,而且牛头不对马嘴。因此我们要提高在英汉翻译中对于英文 句子 理解的准确性及汉英翻译中英文表达的准确性。
第三,知识面要广。Www.11665.CoM商务英语翻译中要很好的做到这一点,就要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践 经验 。同时译者还要具有丰富的 百科 知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识,译者的语言水平即使再高,也是无法做好翻译工作的。
一、一词多义
同一个词,由于语境不同,其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子:
1.they cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。
2.they have opened the covering credit with the bank of china,london.
他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。
以上两个句子credit 词义都有所区别。
二、词类转译
词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。
1.名词与动词的互相转译, 如:
before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will bein the custody of the customs.
交关税前, 进口货物由海关保管。( 由于语法限制, 只有用名词形式,但译成汉语时,“payment”译作“交”)
2 . 介词与动词的互相转译
在许多场合下, 介词转译成动词时, 需要依据上下文进行引申,具体地进行翻译。如:
we should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements.
建议你方与他们取得联系, 洽购所需商品。
三、词义引伸
在商务英语翻译中,有时会遇到某些词在词典上难以找到贴切具体上下文词义,如生搬硬套,译文往往语意不清,甚至导致误解。在这种情况下,需要根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词固有基本含义出发,进一步加以引伸。例如:
the arrivals do not conform to the sample.
如果将arrival这个词的词义直接放入译文,显然不能正确表达原文的意义,所以需要进一步的引申。
四、词量增减
在商务英语翻译实践中,词量增减也是很重要的一个翻译技巧。翻译过程中要根据原文上下文意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时有时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着词。
1.增词
根据具体上下文,可增加动词、形容词、名词或别词类,但在什么时候增加什么样词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要在长期的翻译过程中实践和积累。如:all cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词)
2.减词
减词译法可以使译文言简意赅,改变翻译中逐字翻译作造成的累赘、拖沓或不符合行文习惯,甚至产生歧义的现象。 如:on condition that you sign this receipt, i will pay the money.
你在 收据 上签字,我就付款。
五、商务英语中的常用术语翻译
商务英语翻译中包含大量的词汇,因此对于常见词汇的精确运用在翻译中很重要。作为商务英语翻译工作者就要大量的掌握这些具有商务含义的普通词和复合词和缩略词语。
如价格常用术语fob,cif 有其特定的专业内容,又如c.w.o定货付款;b/l 提货单;l/c 信用证;c.o.d 货到付现;w.p.a 水渍险;blue chip 蓝筹股、绩优股;bad debt 呆账,等等。总之,商务英语翻译不能拘泥于形式,在保证原文的信息量最大限度地传递到译文中的前提下,翻译者可以灵活运用译入语,已达到语义信息、风格信息和文体信息的最大程度的对等,同时商务英语翻译要遵循商务专业用语。所以要求商务英语翻译工作者要掌握大量的专业词汇及翻译技巧。
参考文献:
[1]葛 平: 外贸英语 函电[m].上海 财经 大学出版社,2004
[2]余富林等着:商务英语翻译[m].北京:中国商务出版社,2003
[3]李 平:国际经贸英语教程[m].中国国际广播出版社,1999
[4]王学文:新编经贸口译教程[m].中国对外经济贸易出版社,2001
[5]陈苏东 陈建平:商务英语翻译[m].高等教育出版社,2005
[6]王治奎:大学英汉翻译教程[m].山东大学出版社,2004
[7]曾蕙兰:进出口 实用英语 [m].外文出版社,2003
[8]冯庆华:实用翻译教程[m].上海外语教育出版社,2003
浅议商务英语函电的清楚原则
摘要: 撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中清楚原则是最基本的原则之一, 但国内以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究尚不多见。本文针对清楚原则的运用, 分别从词语与句子等方面进行了论述。 文章 认为: 商务英语函电应尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
商务英语函电是国际贸易的重要沟通工具。撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中, 清楚原则是七个原则中最基本的原则之一。在现有的商务英语函电研究成果中, 以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究较少看到。为此, 笔者拟探讨清楚原则在商务英语函电中的运用, 以帮助国际商务人士提高商务英语函电写作水平。
一、商务英语函电的清楚原则
清楚原则包含三方面: ( 1) 一个句子包含一个意思; ( 2) 句子之间应有逻辑关系; ( 3) 以简单、直接的 方法 表达。[1]清楚的表达, 能避免误会, 甚至贸易纠纷。比如说, “fluctuation in theexchange rate after the date of contract signing will be for the buyer’saccount.”[1] “fluctuation in the exchange rate”包括了汇率的上涨和跌落两种情况。如果不表达清楚, 买卖双方就会对汇率的涨落产生纠纷。Www.11665.COM避免不必要的经济纠纷, 商务英语函电撰写的过程中要始终贯彻清楚的原则。上述例子若想表达“合同生效后汇率的波动由买方承担”, 原句子可改为“any increase ordecrease in the exchange rate after the date of contract signing willbe for the buyer’s account.”
二、清楚原则的运用
( 1) 词语的运用
1)词语的准确无误
当你明确了要表达的想法时, 要注意选用清晰、简单的词语, 准确无误地表达你要传达的信息。避免用一些复杂、深奥的词汇。有些写信人认为复杂、深奥的词汇会让信件看起来更有水平, 更重要些。然而, 复杂的词汇会增加对方读信的难度,甚至引起理解上的误会。通常, 商务英语函电的撰写适合采用简单易懂的词汇。
2) 代词的指代
注意代词指代的对象和关系代词前后的逻辑关系。一般来说, 代词和关系代词用以修饰离它们最近的名词, 并且与所指代的名词保持人称上和数量上的一致。但代词的不恰当运用, 会引起表达上的歧义。试看以下的句子: they informedmessrs. smith and richardson that they would receive an answerin a fewdays.[1]在这个句子中, 第二个“they”指代谁呢? 是整个句子的主语“they”还是“messrs. smith and richardson”呢? 这里就产生了歧义。如何清楚地表达? 比如原意想表达“smith和richardson两位先生将在近期内得到答复”, 原句子可改为:“they informed messrs . smith and richardson that the latterwould receive an answer in a fewdays.”这样的话, “the latter”指代“messrs. smith and richardson”, 指代清楚, 句子意思明确。
3) 修饰词的位置
同一修饰词在句子的不同位置, 句子意思和侧重点将完全不同。试比较以下两个句子: ①we can supply 100 tons of theitemonly. ②we can supply only 100 tons of the item.在第一个句子中, “only”修饰“the item”, 意思是只提供这种项目, 没有 其它 的项目。而在第二个句子中, “only”是修饰“100 tons”, 意思是只提供100吨, 没有更多了。故修饰词在句子中的位置不同,其所修饰的词就不同, 意思也将有所不同, 书写商务英语函电时一定要注意这一点。
此外, 修饰词的位置应该是紧跟着或者靠近它所修饰的词语。试比较以下两个句子: ①they bought a bicycle in a smallshop in beijing which costs $ 25.00. ②they bought a bicycle for$25.00 in a small shop in beijing. “$25.00”是修饰“bicycle”, 说明这一辆自行车的价格, 应该靠近它所修饰的词语“bicycle”。第一个句子“which costs $ 25.00”应移到“bicycle”后面。第二个句子不用定语从句, 直接用介词“for” 带出自行车的价格“$25.00”, 修饰词位置正确, 整个句子简洁、清楚易懂。
( 2) 句子的逻辑结构
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要保持一致。[4]试分析以下句子: “being an expertin international trade, i’m sure youhave experience of solving this kind of problem.”在这个句子中,句子的主语是“i”, 而分词的逻辑主语是“you”。为保持分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致, 原句子可改为: “being an expert ininternational trade, you certainly have experience of solving thiskind of problem.” 或者“as you are an expert in internationaltrade, i’m sure you have experience of solving this kind of problem.”。
其次, 注意句子间意思的连贯性。例如: they wrote a letter.it was addressed to mr. woods. he is the sales manager.这三个短句缺乏意思上的连贯性, 每个句子都有它独立的意思,读信人很难区分哪个句子是最重要的信息。上述句子可改为: “they wrote a letter to mr. woods, the sales manager.”改写后的句子意思清楚明确: “他们给销售部经理woods先生写了一封信。”
此外, 清楚的表达要求重点突出, 读信人不会遗漏重要的信息。我们书写商务英语函电时可以通过调整句子结构, 突出要强调的部分。比如: “we sent you 5 samples yesterday of thegoods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25 by air.”该句子包括了很多信息, 有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ③yesterday, ④the goods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25, ⑤by air。一个句子包含多种信息, 读信人很容易忽略其中某些信息。对此, 重要的信息应放在句子的前面, 通过句子结构加以强调。上述句子重要的信息有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ⑤by air。原句子可改写为: “we sent you, by air, 5 samples of goods whichyou requested in your letter ofmay 25 yesterday.”经过改写的句子重点突出, 句子意思更清晰明确。
最后, 句子中简洁的情节有利于清楚的表达。如“we haveyour check of october 17 in the amount of $500, and wish at thistime to thank you for it.”原句子是表达“我方收到贵方10月17日开具的500美元支票一张, 特此感谢。”“特此感谢”原句子用“wish at this time to thank you for it”, 用词繁琐, 使得整个句子意思不明确。如果这一个情节简化为“thank you”, 原句子改为“thank you for your check of october 17 for $500.”修改后的句子意思更清楚易懂。
三、结束语
本文针对清楚原则在商务英语函电写作中的运用, 分别从词语与句子进行了论述, 得出以下主要结论: (1) 尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; (2) 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
参考文献:
[ 1] 胡鉴明.商务 英语写作 [m] .广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 2] sue kay.实用商务英语写作[m] .北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2003: 63.
[ 3] 王晓英.商务英语写作教程[m] .南京: 东南大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 4] 廖瑛.实用外贸英语函电( 第二版) [m] .武汉: 华中科技大学出版社, 2003: 8.
摘要: 撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中清楚原则是最基本的原则之一, 但国内以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究尚不多见。本文针对清楚原则的运用, 分别从词语与句子等方面进行了论述。文章认为: 商务英语函电应尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
商务英语函电是国际贸易的重要沟通工具。撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中, 清楚原则是七个原则中最基本的原则之一。在现有的商务英语函电研究成果中, 以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究较少看到。为此, 笔者拟探讨清楚原则在商务英语函电中的运用, 以帮助国际商务人士提高商务英语函电写作水平。
一、商务英语函电的清楚原则
清楚原则包含三方面: ( 1) 一个句子包含一个意思; ( 2) 句子之间应有逻辑关系; ( 3) 以简单、直接的方法表达。[1]清楚的表达, 能避免误会, 甚至贸易纠纷。比如说, “fluctuation in theexchange rate after the date of contract signing will be for the buyer’saccount.”[1] “fluctuation in the exchange rate”包括了汇率的上涨和跌落两种情况。如果不表达清楚, 买卖双方就会对汇率的涨落产生纠纷。Www.11665.COM避免不必要的经济纠纷, 商务英语函电撰写的过程中要始终贯彻清楚的原则。上述例子若想表达“合同生效后汇率的波动由买方承担”, 原句子可改为“any increase ordecrease in the exchange rate after the date of contract signing willbe for the buyer’s account.”
二、清楚原则的运用
( 1) 词语的运用
1)词语的准确无误
当你明确了要表达的想法时, 要注意选用清晰、简单的词语, 准确无误地表达你要传达的信息。避免用一些复杂、深奥的词汇。有些写信人认为复杂、深奥的词汇会让信件看起来更有水平, 更重要些。然而, 复杂的词汇会增加对方读信的难度,甚至引起理解上的误会。通常, 商务英语函电的撰写适合采用简单易懂的词汇。
2) 代词的指代
注意代词指代的对象和关系代词前后的逻辑关系。一般来说, 代词和关系代词用以修饰离它们最近的名词, 并且与所指代的名词保持人称上和数量上的一致。但代词的不恰当运用, 会引起表达上的歧义。试看以下的句子: they informedmessrs. smith and richardson that they would receive an answerin a fewdays.[1]在这个句子中, 第二个“they”指代谁呢? 是整个句子的主语“they”还是“messrs. smith and richardson”呢? 这里就产生了歧义。如何清楚地表达? 比如原意想表达“smith和richardson两位先生将在近期内得到答复”, 原句子可改为:“they informed messrs . smith and richardson that the latterwould receive an answer in a fewdays.”这样的话, “the latter”指代“messrs. smith and richardson”, 指代清楚, 句子意思明确。
3) 修饰词的位置
同一修饰词在句子的不同位置, 句子意思和侧重点将完全不同。试比较以下两个句子: ①we can supply 100 tons of theitemonly. ②we can supply only 100 tons of the item.在第一个句子中, “only”修饰“the item”, 意思是只提供这种项目, 没有其它的项目。而在第二个句子中, “only”是修饰“100 tons”, 意思是只提供100吨, 没有更多了。故修饰词在句子中的位置不同,其所修饰的词就不同, 意思也将有所不同, 书写商务英语函电时一定要注意这一点。
此外, 修饰词的位置应该是紧跟着或者靠近它所修饰的词语。试比较以下两个句子: ①they bought a bicycle in a smallshop in beijing which costs $ 25.00. ②they bought a bicycle for$25.00 in a small shop in beijing. “$25.00”是修饰“bicycle”, 说明这一辆自行车的价格, 应该靠近它所修饰的词语“bicycle”。第一个句子“which costs $ 25.00”应移到“bicycle”后面。第二个句子不用定语从句, 直接用介词“for” 带出自行车的价格“$25.00”, 修饰词位置正确, 整个句子简洁、清楚易懂。
( 2) 句子的逻辑结构
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要保持一致。[4]试分析以下句子: “being an expertin international trade, i’m sure youhave experience of solving this kind of problem.”在这个句子中,句子的主语是“i”, 而分词的逻辑主语是“you”。为保持分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致, 原句子可改为: “being an expert ininternational trade, you certainly have experience of solving thiskind of problem.” 或者“as you are an expert in internationaltrade, i’m sure you have experience of solving this kind of problem.”。
其次, 注意句子间意思的连贯性。例如: they wrote a letter.it was addressed to mr. woods. he is the sales manager.这三个短句缺乏意思上的连贯性, 每个句子都有它独立的意思,读信人很难区分哪个句子是最重要的信息。上述句子可改为: “they wrote a letter to mr. woods, the sales manager.”改写后的句子意思清楚明确: “他们给销售部经理woods先生写了一封信。”
此外, 清楚的表达要求重点突出, 读信人不会遗漏重要的信息。我们书写商务英语函电时可以通过调整句子结构, 突出要强调的部分。比如: “we sent you 5 samples yesterday of thegoods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25 by air.”该句子包括了很多信息, 有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ③yesterday, ④the goods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25, ⑤by air。一个句子包含多种信息, 读信人很容易忽略其中某些信息。对此, 重要的信息应放在句子的前面, 通过句子结构加以强调。上述句子重要的信息有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ⑤by air。原句子可改写为: “we sent you, by air, 5 samples of goods whichyou requested in your letter ofmay 25 yesterday.”经过改写的句子重点突出, 句子意思更清晰明确。
最后, 句子中简洁的情节有利于清楚的表达。如“we haveyour check of october 17 in the amount of $500, and wish at thistime to thank you for it.”原句子是表达“我方收到贵方10月17日开具的500美元支票一张, 特此感谢。”“特此感谢”原句子用“wish at this time to thank you for it”, 用词繁琐, 使得整个句子意思不明确。如果这一个情节简化为“thank you”, 原句子改为“thank you for your check of october 17 for $500.”修改后的句子意思更清楚易懂。
三、结束语
本文针对清楚原则在商务英语函电写作中的运用, 分别从词语与句子进行了论述, 得出以下主要结论: (1) 尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; (2) 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
参考文献:
[ 1] 胡鉴明.商务英语写作[m] .广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 2] sue kay.实用商务英语写作[m] .北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2003: 63.
[ 3] 王晓英.商务英语写作教程[m] .南京: 东南大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 4] 廖瑛.实用外贸英语函电( 第二版) [m] .武汉: 华中科技大学出版社, 2003: 8.
《 Float 》 , is my favorite book.Like the beauty of si brave strong, like the rui especially of tactful is resolute, like the outside of the meilanrui soft inside just.For the beauty of si this person thing, my felling is self-contradict, is to dislike the but again and have to respect and admire her.She is a person for having the character very much, loving two men in her whole life, but she didn't an is an understanding of.If she understands the rare gift of a, that she will not love him;If she understands the rui especially, that she will not lose him.She always is to be ungrateful to the rui especially of, she is just not to stop the rare gift of prince- a who make track for oneself's in a dream.She is just to think the characteristics that loves by herself that the rare gift of a have, she just does a gorgeous clothes, letting rare gift of a put on, being in love with him and then.But fact is, she love just that clothes.For her, I am to have to admire of, admire her strong, admire her to the persist of land, admire her ability under the education that that in environment under let go of before be subjected to the farmland stem live, admiring the speech that she can neglect the society but founding own business.Her life contain a few souls, an is her mother.His mother is a madam with expensive very able and gentle and soft typical model, is the person who she respect and admire most .But, mother typhoid for saving the person but ising infect, die.Another, is her more than ten in the last years favourite of person- a rare gift.Her ability stands up in the adverse circumstances, have very greatly a part of reason is a rare gift of a .She the rare to a gift persists unusually.Still have a, is the meilanli .More than ten years that struggle together in, the meilanli has already become her life in the indispensability of a part.I feel that the beauty of si is like a child, persisting to the thing that oneself want unusually, but to the thing that oneself own but disdain to on attend to.An at try very hard to make the oneself happy, a push the happiness to leave constantly again, push the lover toward abyss.The beauty of si is loving is a rare gift of a , but,a rare gift but don't want her.Be like the rui to especially say of, the rare gift of a is a gentleman, just wasing born in an and he inharmonious ages.He still uses the rules of the game of the old world life, will bump only rejection.The beauty of si doeses not understand the a to hope the gift, so she loves him, think that exhausted whole wayses get him, but when she recognize pure he, she did not love him any further.The beauty of si is a contradictory body, can have again who not is a contradictory body?She is in the life of road up all the way walk, be when she face the difficulty, she chooses the accolade, be when she face the responsibility, she chooses to carry, can be she face loving choice is, at first, he choose to hoodwink the oneself, being her to recognize finally pure, to face, but is already the hour already late.But she, at incapable is a dint, will tell the oneself, tomorrow is new day, everythings will like tomorrow, the Tomorrow is another day.She is all an in the whole story full of fire, be filled with the person of the will to fight.I enjoy most of, would be her this" Tomorrow is another day.".Was filled with the hope forever, be filled with the will to fight, can never give up, can never despair.This spirit, the most worthy of I study.So, whenever I meet the difficulty, mood not good, I will tell the oneself then:" Tomorrow is another day.".The another in book make the female that me admire very, would be the meilanli .She is an outside soft inside just of female, she almost owned the whole virtue that female can own.Positive if the rui especially says of, she is a that a handful of expensive madam that he saw win.She is strong, she is patriotic, she uses her heart love nearby all people.When her husband fight, she silent in the rear guard the hon, do the business of her what lies in one's power, be the north guy to beat in the city and she again soon about to deliver child, she still the town settle, being the next stem of the her body infirmity and nobodies to live soon didn't When the rice eat, she similar to beauty of si , let go of past education for be subjected to and sense of superiorities, trail weak of body next stem live, be she see the beauty of si kill a north guy, she did not be rattled, but help to bury the corpse, searching the money, wiping the blood stain, being the war finally end, north guy soldier whom she hate bitterly before arriving at her door request to look after and themselves also have no excessive food, she still fulfil her ability the ground helped them, because she hopes to also have the north guy woman of a good heart afar to her just at homing a rice of husband eat.Such strong female, the but again is a such gentleness kind and considerate.She persists the ground to believe the rare gift of beauty of si and a's, even someone see with own eyes they hug together, also persisting the ground to believe them, protection si beauty.She knows perfectly well pain and sufferings that own body can't bear again to grow, but persist the ground to want to hope the gift to give birth to a child for the a again, end leave she loved the close relatives of the lifetime.Is really too great, looking at themeilanli, make me thought of much more Chinese ancient times females of, they are also such dociles, work hard in spite of criticism, assist husband and bring up children, then silent unknownly old go to and depart from this life.In the whole book, I is a rui for the person that like most especially.He is brave and persists, he can love the beauty of si so and deeply for more than ten years constant.He wants to protect the beauty of si , the doter si beauty, look after the beauty of si, let her everything feel happy, but the beauty of si refused.He says, again the time that eternal love also will dub out, but his love, drive beauty of si, drive rare gift of a , was dub out by the adherence that the si beauty is stupid of.His heart, die.When his daughter leaves him, his heart, return any further not to come.He says, he has always been to have no that patience shear the ground pants and sew and like, then tells the oneself this is similar to lately, just deceive yourself as well as others.Ground is ground, return and don't go to any further, even make allies, the top still stays the crack, is not originally any further that.《飘》，是我最喜爱的书。喜欢斯佳丽的勇敢坚强，喜欢瑞特的机智果断，喜欢玫兰妮的外柔内刚。对于斯佳丽这个人物，我的感觉是矛盾的，是讨厌却又不得不敬佩她。她是个非常有个性的人物，她一生中爱了两个男人，而她却没一个是了解的。如果她了解阿希礼，那她就不会爱他；如果她了解瑞特，那她就不会失去他。她一直以来是辜负瑞特的，她只是不停追寻着自己梦中的王子——阿希礼。她只是把自己爱的特点认为阿希礼有，她只是做了一件华丽的衣服，让阿希礼穿上，而后爱上他。而事实是，她爱的只是那件衣服。对于她，我是不得不佩服的，佩服她的坚强，佩服她对土地的执着，佩服她能在那中环境下放下以前所受的教育下田干活，佩服她能不顾社会上的言论而开创自己的事业。她生命有几个灵魂，一个是她的母亲。他的母亲是一位非常能干、温柔的典型贵夫人，是她最敬佩的人。可是，母亲为了救人而被传染伤寒，去世了。另一个，是她十几年来最爱的人——阿希礼。她能在逆境中站起来，有很大一部分原因就是阿希礼。她对阿希礼是异常执着的。还有一个，就是玫兰妮。在一起奋斗的十几年里，玫兰妮已经成为她生命中不可缺少的一部分了。我觉得斯佳丽就像个小孩子一样，对自己想要的东西异常执着，而对自己所拥有的东西却不屑一顾。一面在拼命让自己幸福，一面又不断地把幸福推离，把爱人推向深渊。斯佳丽爱的是阿希礼，可是，阿希礼却不要她。就像瑞特说的，阿希礼是个君子，只是生在了一个和他格格不入的时代。他还是用旧世界的游戏规则生活，只会撞得一鼻子灰。斯佳丽不了解阿希礼，所以她爱他，想尽一切办法得到他，而当她认清他时，她再也不爱他了。斯佳丽是个矛盾体，可又有谁不是矛盾体呢？她在生命的道路上一路走来，当她面对困难时，她选择迎接，当她面对责任时，她选择担负，可当她面对爱的抉择是，起初，他选择蒙蔽自己，当她终于认清，要面对时，却已为时已晚。而她，在无能为力时，就会告诉自己，明天是新的一天，明天一切都会好了，Tomorrow is another day。她在整个故事中，都是个充满生气、充满斗志的人。我最欣赏的，便是她的这句“Tomorrow is another day.”。永远充满了希望，充满斗志，永远不会放弃，永远不会绝望。这份精神，是最值得我学习的。所以，每当我遇到困难、心情不佳时，我便会告诉自己：“Tomorrow is another day.”。书中另一个使我十分佩服的女性，便是玫兰妮。她是个外柔内刚的女性，她几乎拥有了女性所能拥有的一切美德。正如瑞特说的，她是他所见过的少数贵夫人中的一个。她是坚强的，她是爱国的，她用她的心爱身边所有的人。当她丈夫打仗时，她在后方默默守侯，做她力所能及的事，当北佬打进城而她又快要临盆时，她依然镇定，当她身体虚弱而没人下地干活快要没饭吃时，她和斯佳丽一样，放下过去所受的教育和优越感，拖着虚弱的身体下地干活，当她看到斯佳丽杀了一个北佬时，她没有惊慌失措，而是帮着掩埋尸体，搜查钱财，擦拭血迹，当战争终于结束，她痛恨的北佬士兵来到她门前要求照顾而她们自己也没有过多粮食时，她还是尽她所能地帮助他们，因为她希望在远方也有一个好心的北佬女人给她正在回家的丈夫一口饭吃。如此一位坚强的女性，却又是如此的温柔善良和善解人意。她执着地相信斯佳丽和阿希礼，即使有人亲眼看见他们搂在一起，也执着地相信他们，保护斯佳丽。她明知自己的身体无法再承受生育的痛苦，却执着地要再为阿希礼生个孩子，最终离开了她爱了一辈子的亲人们。真的是太伟大了，看着玫兰妮，使我想到许许多多的中国古代女性，她们也是如此的善良，任劳任怨，相夫教子，然后默默无名地老去、死去。整部书中，我最为喜欢的人物就是瑞特。他勇敢、执着，他能那么深地爱着斯佳丽十几年不变。他想保护斯佳丽，宠爱斯佳丽，照料斯佳丽，让她事事称心，而斯佳丽却拒绝了。他说过，再永恒的爱也会有磨光的时候，而他的爱，是被斯佳丽，被阿希礼，被斯佳丽愚蠢的固执磨光的。他的心，死了。当他女儿离开他时，他的心，再也回不来了。他说过，他从来没有那个耐心把剪碎的裤子缝好，再告诉自己这就和新的一样，自欺欺人罢了。碎了就是碎了，再也回不去了，即使修好，上面仍然留有裂缝，再也不是原来那条了。瑞特是个复杂的人，他有良好的家世，但却仍和旧时代格格不入，他有锐利的眼睛，可以在乱世找到自己的处身之道，他对国家有热情，即使他明知必败无疑，却仍在最后关头入了军。他爱斯佳丽，但他更了解斯佳丽，所以他从不说，只是通过行动表达，而斯佳丽却从来不想去了解他。最后，他绝望了，一次又一次的失望使他再也没有勇气再去尝试，他累了。《飘》绝对是部值得再三品味的好书，文字优美，情节跌荡起伏、扣人心弦，虽然其中由于作者的主观因素，对于美国南北战争的评价并不客观和全面，但以文学角度来说，这绝对是一部绝世佳作，值得一看。备注：中文后几段英文好像没有翻译，宁外《飘》英文名应该是《go with wind》
an analysis on the method of domesticating translation used by Fu Donghua in his translation work "gone with the wind"归化翻译 domesticating translation
英语毕业论文之英美文学研究论文1.海丝特与卡米拉爱情观的对比分析A Comparative Analysis of the Attitudes Towards Love Between Hester and Camillahttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/A-Comparative-Analysis-of-the-Attitudes-Towards-Love/2.解读《简.爱》的帝国主义意识On the Imperialistic Consciousness of Jane Eyrehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/On-the-Imperialistic-Consciousness-of-Jane-Eyre/3.像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩The Creation of Splendor in Adversity like Robinson Crusoehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Creation-of-Splendor-in-Adversity-like-Robinson-Crusoe/4.《三国演义》对诸葛亮和《教父》对考利昂的描述对比A Comparison Between the Depiction of Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Corleone in The Godfatherhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/On-the%20Depiction-of-Positive-Figures/5.论《美国悲剧》中萝贝塔的悲剧性The Tragedy of Roberta in American Tragedyhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Tragedy-of-Roberta-in-American-Tragedy/6.从《鲁滨逊漂流记》看人的性格对命运的决定作用The Decisive Effect of Character on Fate From Robinson Crusoehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Cong_LuBinXunPiaoLiuJi_KanRenDeXingGeDuiMingYunDeJueDingZuoYong/7.《哈姆雷特》戏剧中的悲剧因素The Tragedy Aspects in Hamlethttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Tragedy-Aspects-in-Hamlet/8.从电影《美丽人生》看完美男人形象About the Perfect Man Viewed from the Movie Life Is Beautifulhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/About-the-Perfect-Man-Viewed-from-the-Movie-Life-Is-Beautiful/9.从《宠儿》透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长The Tragedy and Growth of the Black Women Embodied in Belovedhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Tragedy-and-Growth-of-the-Black-Women-Embodied-in-Beloved/10.从《哈利波特》看儿童的成长Harry Potter and the Growth of Childrenhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Harry-Potter-and-the-Growth-of-Children/11.苔丝的反叛精神The Rebellion of Tesshttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Rebellion-of-Tess/12.一位坚强独立的女性简爱A Tough and Independent Womanhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/A-Tough-and-Independent-Woman/13.《德伯家的苔丝》悲剧成因探析Causes of Tragedy of Tess of the D’Urbervilleshttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Causes-of-Tragedy-of-Tess-of-the-DUrbervilles/15.浅析苔丝之死The Death of Tesshttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Death-of-Tess/16.《老人与海》象征主义探究The Inquiry of the Symbolism in The Old Man and the Seahttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Inquiry-of-the-Symbolism-in-The-Old-Man-and-the-Sea/17.论《白象似的群山》中海明威独特的写作风格Hemingway’s Unique Writing Style in Hills like White Elephantshttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Hills-like-White-Elephants/18.浅析爱默生的《论自助》人生自主的源泉On Emerson’s Self-reliance —The Source of Life’s Reliancehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/On-Emerson-Self-reliance/19.盖茨比美国梦的幻灭—透视现实生活中的爱情The Disillusionment for Gatsby American Dream Analysis of Love in Realityhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Disillusionment-for-Gatsby-American-Dream/20.从《西风颂》看英国积极浪漫主义的特征Analyzing the Features of British Positive Romanticism from the Poem of Ode to the West Windhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/the-Poem-of-Ode-to-the-West-Wind/21.我看简爱的爱情An Analysis of the Concept of Jane Eyre’s Lovehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/An-Analysis-of-the-Concept-of-Jane-Eyre-Love/22.谈如何理解海明威《一个干净明亮的地方》On Hemingway’s Short Story A Clean, and Well-Lighted Placehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Clean-and-Well-Lighted-Place/23.从《简爱》看知识改变女性命运Knowledge Changes Female’s Fate Through Jane Eyrehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Knowledge-Changes-Female-Fate-Through-JaneEyre/24.从《红字》和《荆棘鸟》看宗教禁欲主义下的爱情The Love under Asceticism in The ScarletLetter and The Thorn Birdshttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Love-under-Asceticism/25.解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义An Analysis of Romanticism in As You Like ithttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/An-Analysis-of-Romanticism-in-As-You-Like-it/26.基于作品人物浅析菲茨杰拉德Elementary Analysis on Fitzgerald Based on the Characters of The Great Gatsbyhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/JiYuZuoPinRenWuQianXiFeiCiJieLaDe/27.《老人与海》的悲剧色彩:对完美主义的质疑The Tragic Color of The Old Man and the Sea:Challenge to the Perfectionismhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Challenge-to-the-Perfectionism/28.分析简爱的美An Analysis of the Beauty in JaneEyrehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/An-Analysis-of-the-Beauty-in-JaneEyre/29.论《红字》中的孤独因素On the Aspects of Loneliness in The Scarlet Letterhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/On-the-Aspects-of-Loneliness-in-The-Scarlet-Letter/30.从《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂的悲剧看20世纪初女性的社会地位Social Status of Women in the Early 20th Century Reflected from Caddys Tragedy in The Sound and the Furyhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Tragedy-in-The-Sound-and-the-Fury/31.论福斯塔夫的性格The Character of Falstaffhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Character-of-Falstaff/32.斯佳丽：旧时代的新女性Scarlett：A “New”Woman in the “Old” Timehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Scarlett-A-New-Woman-in-the-Old-Time/33.美国社会的葛朗台现象Grandet Phenomenon in Americahttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Grandet-Phenomenon-in-America/34.透过《飘》看现代女性对待生活的态度Analysis of modern females attitudes toward life through Gone with the Windhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/females-attitudes-toward-life-through-Gone-with-the-Wind/35.从迷茫的玛尔特的悲剧看女性存在的社会价值An Analysis of the Social Value of Womens Existence from the Tragedy of Confused Mathlidehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/An-Analysis-of-the-Social-Valu-%20of-Women-Existence/36.从伊丽莎白一世的婚姻看现代爱情观About the Notion of Modern Love from ElizabethⅠs Love Experiencehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/About-the-Notion-of-Modern-Love/37.《倾城之恋》与《飘》的女性主义解读Feminism in Love in a Fallen City and Gone With the Windhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Feminism-in-Love-in-a-Fallen-City-and-Gone-With-the-Wind/38.《简?爱》的浪漫主义解读Romanticism in Jane Eyrehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Romanticism-in-Jane-Eyre/39.从《鲁宾逊漂流记》看创新精神和知足长乐The Spirit of Innovation and Satisfaction－The Thought of The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/The-Spirit-of-Innovation-and-Satisfaction/40.从《变形记》透视家庭环境对塑造儿童健康心理的影响The Family Influence on Molding Childrens Healthy Psychology Through The Metamorphosis41.论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观Analysis on Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudicehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Analysis-on-Love-and-Marriage-in-Pride-and-Prejudice/42.从劳伦斯及其作品《儿子与情人》看恋母情结Mother Fixation in D.H.Lawrence and His Work Sons and Lovershttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/CongLaoLunSiJiQiZuoPin_ErZiYuQingRen_KanLianMuQingJie/43.论雪莱的自由之路Analysis of Shelley's Freedom Roadhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Analysis-of-Shelley-Freedom-Road/44.《威尼斯商人》中的人物形象分析An Analysis of the Characters in the Merchant of Venicehttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/An-Analysis-of-the-Characters-in-the-Merchant-of-Venice/45.论盖茨比悲剧的必然性On Inevitability of Gatsby’s Tragedyhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/On-Inevitability-of-Gatsby-Tragedy/46.从《喜福会》透视中美文化冲突与融合The Cultural Conflicts and Blending Embodied in the Joy Luck Clubhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Conflicts-and-Blending-Embodied-in-the-Joy-Luck-Club/47.《乱世佳人》对21世纪女性的启示Enlightenment for Women of 21st Century from Gone with the Windhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Enlightenment-for-Women-of-21st-Century-from-Gone-with-the-Wind/48.《喜福会》中母爱主题的文化阐释A Cultural Interpretation of Maternal Love in the Joy Luck Clubhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/A_Cultural_Interpretation_of_Maternal_Love_in_the_Joy_Luck_Club/49.试析《老人与海》的悲喜色彩An Analysis of the Combination of Tragic and Delightful Facets in The Old Man and the Seahttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Tragic-and-Delightful-Facets-in-The-Old-Man-and-the-Sea/50.解析《长腿叔叔》少女茱蒂 成长的日志A Girl’s Growing- up Story in Daddy-Long-Legshttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Daddy-Long-Legs/51.莎士比亚的悲剧世界的分析An Analysis of Shakespeare’s Tragedy Worldhttp://www.qqcate.cn/english-essay-research/Shakespeare-Tragedy-World/52.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中殖民文化对殖民地文化影响解读 the Women’s Status Seen in Pride and Prejudice Fixation in D.H.Lawrence and His Work Sons and Lovers
论文一是看你自己想写什么，二是看那个题目的资料好找一些。其实这几个题目都差不多，傲慢与偏见。汤姆叔叔的小屋，你可以上网搜一下，看一下那个好找资料，就写那个，写论文关键看你的资料是否能找齐。其实这几个题目都应该很好找，都是英语专业论文经常的论文题目，一个是英国文学比较出名的，一个是美国文学比较出名的，都很好写，看你自己想写什么，别挑了一个自己不愿意写的，写到一半在写不下去。
哎哟 这个可有一点难度呢亲，需要的话 也可以给你呢。
我才写完毕业论文，简直是折磨！我把我们系的题目给你，参考看看吧。我写的是文化类的。其实文学和文化类要比翻译和教育类好写得多，网上可以找到的参考资料也多。英美人文和历史研究：1，从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异2，论美国垮掉的一代3，美国牛仔的成功之路4，文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用5，跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子6，中西方饮食文化的对比研究7，西方节日的变迁及文化内涵8，电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异（我就是这个题目）9，中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究10，英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵11，希腊神话对英美文化的影响12，英汉商标对英美文化的影响13，英语习语与西方文化14，浅谈英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵15，中美高等教育大众化路径的比较16，《阿甘正传》承载的美国青年文化17，《阿甘正传》美国传统价值观的呼唤与回归18，浅谈美国文化中的实用主义19，论美国宗教与政治20，《圣经》的文学性及其对中西文学的影响评述选题注意事项：1，选你自己感兴趣的题目，毕业论文是个浩大的工程，要是不能写自己想写的，相信我，在这漫长的写作时间里，你会相当痛苦的。2，题目不能太大，也不能太小，否则不好驾驭。最好是那种“从小角度看大问题”的题目。例如，我写喜福会这部电影，电影体现了中美文化差异，分别有婚姻观，家庭教育观等。但是我以一部电影为出发点，这个角度就比较小。话说中西方文化的差异实在太多了，但是我只从喜福会这部电影出发，所以范围就缩小了。再者，没什么人写这个电影，所以也不容易和别人雷同，不是被写滥了的题目。3，这个题目是好找资料的，毕竟是本科论文，不是研究生或是博士的论文，写作水平有限，平时最多写写几百字的作文忽然要写几千字，想必是非常困难的。所以内容不可能完完全全出自“自己”，于是就要大量的从网上，参考书上，图书馆搬来。所以最好就是找参考资料比较多的题目，切忌是参考，不是照搬，可以PARAPHRASE里面的内容到自己的论文。差不多就这些了，我觉得这几点是最重要的，如果你有几个拿不定主意的题目，可以找论文指导老师问问看，当时我开笔写论文前，都找老师问了，老师比较有经验，他应该可以给你很多建议。
"Gone with the Wind"- Margaret Mitchell (U.S.)Author:U.S. writer Margaret Mitchell wrote a work merely on the legendary place in the literary circles of writers, her only work, "Gone with the Wind" has become the United States once came the best-selling works of fiction . Since 1936, the date of publication, "Gone with the Wind" This will be the U.S. Civil War romance was broken all publishing records. In 1937, Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. Subsequently been made into movies, even movies in the history of American movies has become a classic.November 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, Georgia, home of a lawyer. Her father was once the history of Atlanta, Chairman of the Institute. During the Civil War, Atlanta was in 1864, fell into the hands of the Northern Army generals Sherman. Later, it became the topic of enthusiastic residents of Atlanta. From childhood onwards, Margaret would always hear her father and friends, and even among residents to talk about the Civil War. When the 26-year-old Margaret decided to create a novel about the Civil War, Atlanta became the natural background of the novel.Margaret was educated at Smith College in Massachusetts. After the mother died, at home, needs her to preside over the household had to drop out. From 1922 onwards, she began to use his nickname "Peggy" to "Atlanta Journal" writer.After a failed marriage later, Margaret in 1925 with the Georgia heat the company's advertising director, John Shi married. In 1926, because of a thigh injury, Margaret had to resign from the newspaper's work. In her husband's encouragement, she started to focus on creativity."Gone with the Wind," Margaret took up writing nearly 10 years. In July 1935, Macmillan decided to publish the novel, and tentatively named "Tomorrow is a new day." Since then, Margaret has spent half a year's time to cross-check fiction historical events involved in the specific time and place. Finally, she cited the American poet Ernest Dawson's a poem, the novel's title will be changed to "Gone with the Wind". Fiction Description:"Gone with the Wind" is a United States Civil War, a historical background to the south of social life for the living environment panoramic social novels. Novel as the full social outlook of the U.S. South, as well as the colored people in the huge social change in the fate of the changes to show different characters through a complex social environment in the confusion in the fate of the changes revealed by the different personalities will inevitably move toward a different fate. By the use of women's specific viewing angle, subtle and profoundly depicted with Scarlett as the central figure, to Reid, Mei Lan, and Wei-Li as the main character of the Greek people's social activities, through their social activities,Shows the complicated social picture, as well as the fate of their respective different direction.In previous novels, the author used to shape the character of a single and prominent figure in the positive character is character, the great glory, without the slightest defects, while the negative characters are usually full of dark cunning and ruthless character, nature, character, a very different shape clear. The "Gone with the Wind" has broken this descriptive method, the novel by the characters presented to us are both positive and negative character of the combination, this combination of both the rounded personality and vivid realization of the character traits of each character, but also in the reveal deep-seated social changes brought about by a change of individuals. "Gone with the Wind"- Margaret Mitchell (U.S.)Author:U.S. writer Margaret Mitchell wrote a work merely on the legendary place in the literary circles of writers, her only work, "Gone with the Wind" has become the United States once came the best-selling works of fiction . Since 1936, the date of publication, "Gone with the Wind" This will be the U.S. Civil War romance was broken all publishing records. In 1937, Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. Subsequently been made into movies, even movies in the history of American movies has become a classic.November 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, Georgia, home of a lawyer. Her father was once the history of Atlanta, Chairman of the Institute. During the Civil War, Atlanta was in 1864, fell into the hands of the Northern Army generals Sherman. Later, it became the topic of enthusiastic residents of Atlanta. From childhood onwards, Margaret would always hear her father and friends, and even among residents to talk about the Civil War. When the 26-year-old Margaret decided to create a novel about the Civil War, Atlanta became the natural background of the novel.Margaret was educated at Smith College in Massachusetts. After the mother died, at home, needs her to preside over the household had to drop out. From 1922 onwards, she began to use his nickname "Peggy" to "Atlanta Journal" writer.After a failed marriage later, Margaret in 1925 with the Georgia heat the company's advertising director, John Shi married. In 1926, because of a thigh injury, Margaret had to resign from the newspaper's work. In her husband's encouragement, she started to focus on creativity."Gone with the Wind," Margaret took up writing nearly 10 years. In July 1935, Macmillan decided to publish the novel, and tentatively named "Tomorrow is a new day." Since then, Margaret has spent half a year's time to cross-check fiction historical events involved in the specific time and place. Finally, she cited the American poet Ernest Dawson's a poem, the novel's title will be changed to "Gone with the Wind". Fiction Description:"Gone with the Wind" is a United States Civil War, a historical background to the south of social life for the living environment panoramic social novels. Novel as the full social outlook of the U.S. South, as well as the colored people in the huge social change in the fate of the changes to show different characters through a complex social environment in the confusion in the fate of the changes revealed by the different personalities will inevitably move toward a different fate. By the use of women's specific viewing angle, subtle and profoundly depicted with Scarlett as the central figure, to Reid, Mei Lan, and Wei-Li as the main character of the Greek people's social activities, through their social activities,Shows the complicated social picture, as well as the fate of their respective different direction.In previous novels, the author used to shape the character of a single and prominent figure in the positive character is character, the great glory, without the slightest defects, while the negative characters are usually full of dark cunning and ruthless character, nature, character, a very different shape clear. The "Gone with the Wind" has broken this descriptive method, the novel by the characters presented to us are both positive and negative character of the combination, this combination of both the rounded personality and vivid realization of the character traits of each character, but also in the reveal deep-seated social changes brought about by a change of individuals.
《飘》的英文版读书报告“Gone with the Wind”- Margaret Mitchell (U.S.)Author:U.S. writer Margaret Mitchell wrote a work merely on the legendary place in the literary circles of writers, her only work, "Gone with the Wind" has become the United States once came the best-selling works of fiction . Since 1936, the date of publication, "Gone with the Wind" This will be the U.S. Civil War romance was broken all publishing records. In 1937, Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. Subsequently been made into movies, even movies in the history of American movies has become a classic.November 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, Georgia, home of a lawyer. Her father was once the history of Atlanta, Chairman of the Institute. During the Civil War, Atlanta was in 1864, fell into the hands of the Northern Army generals Sherman. Later, it became the topic of enthusiastic residents of Atlanta. From childhood onwards, Margaret would always hear her father and friends, and even among residents to talk about the Civil War. When the 26-year-old Margaret decided to create a novel about the Civil War, Atlanta became the natural background of the novel.Margaret was educated at Smith College in Massachusetts. After the mother died, at home, needs her to preside over the household had to drop out. From 1922 onwards, she began to use his nickname "Peggy" to "Atlanta Journal" writer.After a failed marriage later, Margaret in 1925 with the Georgia heat the company's advertising director, John Shi married. In 1926, because of a thigh injury, Margaret had to resign from the newspaper's work. In her husband's encouragement, she started to focus on creativity."Gone with the Wind," Margaret took up writing nearly 10 years. In July 1935, Macmillan decided to publish the novel, and tentatively named "Tomorrow is a new day." Since then, Margaret has spent half a year's time to cross-check fiction historical events involved in the specific time and place. Finally, she cited the American poet Ernest Dawson's a poem, the novel's title will be changed to "Gone with the Wind". Fiction Description:"Gone with the Wind" is a United States Civil War, a historical background to the south of social life for the living environment panoramic social novels. Novel as the full social outlook of the U.S. South, as well as the colored people in the huge social change in the fate of the changes to show different characters through a complex social environment in the confusion in the fate of the changes revealed by the different personalities will inevitably move toward a different fate. By the use of women's specific viewing angle, subtle and profoundly depicted with Scarlett as the central figure, to Reid, Mei Lan, and Wei-Li as the main character of the Greek people's social activities, through their social activities,Shows the complicated social picture, as well as the fate of their respective different direction.In previous novels, the author used to shape the character of a single and prominent figure in the positive character is character, the great glory, without the slightest defects, while the negative characters are usually full of dark cunning and ruthless character, nature, character, a very different shape clear. The "Gone with the Wind" has broken this descriptive method, the novel by the characters presented to us are both positive and negative character of the combination, this combination of both the rounded personality and vivid realization of the character traits of each character, but also in the reveal deep-seated social changes brought about by a change of individuals. "Gone with the Wind"- Margaret Mitchell (U.S.)Author:U.S. writer Margaret Mitchell wrote a work merely on the legendary place in the literary circles of writers, her only work, "Gone with the Wind" has become the United States once came the best-selling works of fiction . Since 1936, the date of publication, "Gone with the Wind" This will be the U.S. Civil War romance was broken all publishing records. In 1937, Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. Subsequently been made into movies, even movies in the history of American movies has become a classic.November 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, Georgia, home of a lawyer. Her father was once the history of Atlanta, Chairman of the Institute. During the Civil War, Atlanta was in 1864, fell into the hands of the Northern Army generals Sherman. Later, it became the topic of enthusiastic residents of Atlanta. From childhood onwards, Margaret would always hear her father and friends, and even among residents to talk about the Civil War. When the 26-year-old Margaret decided to create a novel about the Civil War, Atlanta became the natural background of the novel.Margaret was educated at Smith College in Massachusetts. After the mother died, at home, needs her to preside over the household had to drop out. From 1922 onwards, she began to use his nickname "Peggy" to "Atlanta Journal" writer.After a failed marriage later, Margaret in 1925 with the Georgia heat the company's advertising director, John Shi married. In 1926, because of a thigh injury, Margaret had to resign from the newspaper's work. In her husband's encouragement, she started to focus on creativity."Gone with the Wind," Margaret took up writing nearly 10 years. In July 1935, Macmillan decided to publish the novel, and tentatively named "Tomorrow is a new day." Since then, Margaret has spent half a year's time to cross-check fiction historical events involved in the specific time and place. Finally, she cited the American poet Ernest Dawson's a poem, the novel's title will be changed to "Gone with the Wind". Fiction Description:"Gone with the Wind" is a United States Civil War, a historical background to the south of social life for the living environment panoramic social novels. Novel as the full social outlook of the U.S. South, as well as the colored people in the huge social change in the fate of the changes to show different characters through a complex social environment in the confusion in the fate of the changes revealed by the different personalities will inevitably move toward a different fate. By the use of women's specific viewing angle, subtle and profoundly depicted with Scarlett as the central figure, to Reid, Mei Lan, and Wei-Li as the main character of the Greek people's social activities, through their social activities,Shows the complicated social picture, as well as the fate of their respective different direction.In previous novels, the author used to shape the character of a single and prominent figure in the positive character is character, the great glory, without the slightest defects, while the negative characters are usually full of dark cunning and ruthless character, nature, character, a very different shape clear. The "Gone with the Wind" has broken this descriptive method, the novel by the characters presented to us are both positive and negative character of the combination, this combination of both the rounded personality and vivid realization of the character traits of each character, but also in the reveal deep-seated social changes brought about by a change of individuals.
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.