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Unit 1 一、热身测试二、单元内容简述三、单元背景知识四、课文精读Text A课文概述篇章赏析课文重点词汇、短语详注及记忆技巧易错、易混词辨异难句详解课文翻译课前听力材料练习答案与详解Text B课文概述篇章赏析课文重点词汇、短语详注及记忆技巧易错、易混词辨异难句详解课文翻译练习答案与详解Text C课文概述难句详解课文翻译练习答案与详解五、历年四、六级真题详解六、精彩短文快速阅读Unit 2一、热身测试二、单元内容简述三、单元背景知识四、课文精读Text A课文概述篇章赏析课文重点词汇、短语详注及记忆技巧易错、易混词辨异难句详解课文翻译课前听力材料练习答案与详解Text B课文概述篇章赏析课文重点词汇、短语详注及记忆技巧易错、易混词辨异难句详解课文翻译练习答案与详解Text C课文概述难句详解课文翻译练习答案与详解五、历年四、六级真题详解六、精彩短文快速阅读Unit 3一、热身测试二、单元内容简述三、单元背景知识四、课文精读Text A课文概述篇章赏析课文重点词汇、短语详注及记忆技巧易错、易混词辨异
新视野大学英语读写教程Unit 1 教案(含答案和译文)
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Unit 1：1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。2 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。3. 写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。4. 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。5. 英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。6远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。Unit 2：1. 我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。2. 因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。3. 父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。4. 当父母与子女有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年面临的问题可能更大。5. 青少年常常要经历这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母会让他们没面子，害怕他们达不到自己朋友的标准。6. 比如，青少年希望在外呆到很晚，但是当第二天早上要起床上学时，那又是另一回事了。Unit 3：1. 他决心向那个女孩谈自己的计划，即使他知道她很可能拒绝听。2. 一离开那条长长的正街，他就发现自己身处城里十分贫穷的区域。3. 听到那首歌，我不禁悲从中来，想起了那些困苦的日子。4. 每个想过健康生活的人，都必须在工作和娱乐之间寻求适当的平衡。5. 我的第一位老板真让人讨厌，让每个人日子难过似乎是他的乐趣。我干了没多久就走人了。6. 你能确保在本周末之前完成这项工作吗？伦敦有重要公干，总公司正在考虑派你去。Unit 4：1. 史密斯教授关于形体语言的讲座非常重要，所有的学生都认真地对待这次讲座。2. 董事长意识到这不是好的过错，对好笑了笑来缓和气氛。3. 她大怒，把我的杯子摔在地上，摔得粉碎。4. 观察他的形体语言，你可以判断出他是在跟你说实话还是仅仅找个借口敷衍你。5. 不管人们对你说些什么，记住“观其行胜于闻其言”。6. 肢体动作是表达感情的无意识形式，能向观众传递某种信息。Unit 5：1.病人的免疫系统会将新移植的心脏当成异物面排斥。2. 有人说我们许多人饮食太糟，缺乏维他命和矿物质，因而我们的身心都受到损害。3. 生物医学研究将会使很多艾滋病病毒感染者延长寿命，生活少些痛苦。4. 中央政府已经发布了一项五年行动计划，旨在鼓励社会各部门都参与艾滋病的防治。5. 一个人感染了艾滋病毒，其症状一般要6到10年后才会表现出来。6. 许多年来，人们眼睁睁看着艾滋病泛滥成灾，争论着有效的艾滋病防治措施在贫穷国家究竟是否适用。Unit 6：1. 我问过好几个服务员，可他们什么也没说，只朝着我笑，直到这时我才意识到我的英语不够好。2. 校长对那位院长非常生气，进而解除了他的院长职务。3. 如果你当着孩子的面问这个问题，即使他想说“是”也可能会说“不是”。4. 如果你想毕业时获得学位，你要么别玩网上游戏，要么别去打零工。5. 虽然他未接受过大学教育，他却瞧不起那些没有大学学历的人。6. 他曾就公司的管理问题提了好几个建议，但没有一个管用。Unit 7：1. 经验告诉他，妇女的天性昌保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。2. 自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。3. 在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。4. 抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。5. 受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。6. 如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。Unit 8：1. 出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。2. 一个人越没有智慧，就越不知道自己缺的就是智慧。3. 暂时没有必要采取任何行动。过一晚再作决定，明天上午告诉我你的想法。4. 近年来经济形势恶化，寻求紧急食品和住房援助的美国穷人数目去年增加了7%。5. 我们的消息来源说，下星期有可能发生另一次袭击，也许就在城市中心地区。6. 在这个医疗体系内，对各位医生支付的款项按照他们当月的医疗成本进行调整。Unit 9：1. 遗憾的是，他也一点英语都不会说，但是如果你想去某个地方，把地址写下来交给他就行了。2. 下次你若有问题，要考虑怎样改变处境，不要过于担心各种负面因素。3. 不管什么天气，她平均每天跑15英里。4. 好的摄影作品和普通的摄影作品最重要的一个区别因素是用光手法。5. 实际上，大多数员工从不愿意把新产品使用手册坚持看完。6. 一旦你感到放松后，就把注意力集中在音乐上，看看心中有什么意象出现。Unit 10：1. 汤姆相信“为钱而挣钱”，他的许多老同学都认为他的把自己卖给了营利主义。2. 重要的是，你只有学会了尊重自己，才能赢得别人的尊重。3. 使他取得成功的是他的决心，他不甘屈服的精神，也可能还有他的正直。4. 老师表扬了那些学习用功、考试考得好的学生。5. 通过唱唱歌，散散步，欣赏欣赏自然界的美，我就能使自己感觉良好。6. 如果你继续这样努力工作，你在任何别的公司都能干得很好。
译文如下：在我还未成年时，如果有人看到我和父亲在一块儿，我就会觉得难堪。他腿瘸得很厉害，个子又矮。我们一起走路时，他的手搭在我臂上以保持平衡，人们就会盯着看。对于这种讨厌的注视，我打心眼里感到别扭。即使父亲注意到这些或感到不安，他也从不表露出来。
我们的步伐难以协调一致——他常常停下脚步，而我的步子却显得不耐烦。正因为如此，我们一路很少说话。但每次出门时，他总说：“你按你的步速走，我跟着你。”
我们通常就在地铁口和家门口之间来回，那是他上班的路线。他生病或天气恶劣时也坚持上班，几乎从不缺勤。他总是准点到办公室，即使别人做不到。这是件可以引以为荣的事。当路上覆盖冰雪时，即使有人搀扶，他也难以行走。这种时候，我或者我的姐妹们就用一辆带有钢轮的儿童推车拉着他穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道到地铁站口。一到那儿，他就紧抓着地铁口的扶手一直往下走，因为地铁内比较暖和，下面几级台阶没有冰雪。曼哈顿的地铁站直通他们办公楼的地下室，他不用出站（就可到办公室）。下班回家时，我们会去布鲁克林的地铁站口接他。现在回想起来，我不禁惊叹：像他那样一个成年人，得有多大的勇气才能承受这样的屈辱和压力，而当时他却显得毫无痛苦，也没怨言。
他从不说自己可怜，也从不表现出对那些比他幸运或健康的人的羡慕。他从别人那儿寻找的是一颗“好心”。一旦找到了，那人在他心目中就是个大好人。现在我长大了，我相信这是判断一个人的标准。虽然我还没有确切理解什么是“好心”，但我知道自己有时候并没有这么一颗“好心”。
虽说很多活动父亲都不能参加，但他还是试着以某种方式来参与。当地一个棒球队缺少一个经理时，是他使球队正常运转。他是一个见多识广的棒球迷，常常带我到埃贝茨球场，观看布鲁克林道奇队的比赛。他喜欢参加各种舞会和聚会，虽然在那儿他只能坐着观看，却也能享受一番乐趣。记得在一次沙滩聚会上，进行了一场殴斗，人人挥拳上阵，相互推撞。他不满足只是坐着观看，然而在松软的沙地上如果没人帮助，他又站不起来。于是在极度无助的情况下，他高声喊道：“谁坐下来和我对打! 谁愿意坐下来和我对打! ”没有人坐下来和他对打。第二天，人们和他开玩笑，说是第一次听到拳击手在开打之前，就有人要求他倒地服输。
如今我知道他是通过我，他唯一的儿子，间接地参与了一些事情。我打球时（球技很糟），他也“打”；后来我加入海军，他也“加入”了。我休假回家时，他一定要让我去参观他的办公室。在介绍我时，虽然没有说出口，但他实际上在说：“这是我儿子，但也是我。如果我没瘸，我也会和他一样。”
如今父亲已去世多年，但我时常想起他。不知他当时是否留意在我们同行时，我不愿意被人看到。若他确实注意到了，那我真惭愧当时没能对他说我是多么对不起他，我是多么不孝，我有多么后悔。现在，每当我因一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候，每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候，每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候，我就会想起他。每逢此时，我就设想自己将手搭在他的臂上，重新找回自己的平衡，我会说：“你按你的步速走，我跟着你。”
原文如下：When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we walked together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.
It was difficult to coordinate our steps — his halting, mine impatient — and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you."Our usual walk was to or from the subway on which he traveled to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make to the office even if others could not. A matter of pride.
When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, ., on a child's wagon with steel runners to the subway entrance. Once there, he would cling to the hand-rail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home.
When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and stress. And at how he did it—without bitterness or never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don't know precisely what a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don't have one myself.
Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, "I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me!"Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.
I now know he participated in some things through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he "played" too. When I joined the Navy, he "joined" too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, "This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different." Those words were never said aloud.
He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a "good heart."At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, "You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you."
《新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第一册》 课后答案Unit1III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 5. positive 6. commitment 7. virtual 9. minimum 10. opportunitiesIV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in9. for . . Universities in the east are better equipped, whilethose in the west are relatively . Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinsonkept knocking it . The husband spent all his money drinking, while hiswife saved all hers for the . Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely,while others wee insulting and . Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all thoseconcerned, while inwardly she was . Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, buthe also bridged the gap between his culture and . Not only did we learn the technology through theonline course, but we also learned to communicate withfriends in . Not only did we lose all our money, but we also cameclose to losing our . Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but theyalso want reduced working . Not only is the house expensive, but it is also toofar away from my . Not only can students choose when and where to learnfor an online course, but they can also take time tothink through answers before making a . She is excited by the idea of online learning while beconsiders it meaningless and . Communicating with native English speakers is a veryrewarding experience from which we can learn a . Today, more and more people have access to theInternet through which they look for the information . He wants her to give up working and stay home to lookafter the children. She feels, however, that this is toomuch for . Now that we have finished the course, we shall startdoing more revision . 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。2 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。3. 写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。4. 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。5. 英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。6远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。Cloze1. B 6,C WritingXII. I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning aforeign language. It was a real challenge and, needlessto say, it took a lot of practice. I carried a smalldictionary with me everywhere I went as well as anotebook in which I listed new words I came across. Ialso managed my time carefully so that I met thestandards of the course and finished assignments on years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of allmy hard BReading Skills1. 4. A 5. BComprehension of the . community 2. effective 3. unique 4. committed 6. perspective 7. explicit 8. challenge 10. . for 2. with 3. on 4. on 5. on 6. of 7. in 8. up 9.
Unit1a学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。 虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。 老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。 两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。 以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。 每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！” 没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！ 不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。 我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。 看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。 这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。 我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。 有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。 尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。 我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。 Unit1b虽然常规的学校依然存在，但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。随着学生就业机会的迅速增多，越来越多不同年龄层的人开始意识到这种在家就学的网上学习方式。然而，网络学生需要具备一些特别的素质才能取得成功。 以下是网上学生要取得成功必备的一些理想素质。1.与人分享生活、工作及学习经验，这些是网上学习的一部分。许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自的经验，同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。 这一交流场所消除了一些学生自我表达的视觉障碍。 此外，学生在答题之前有时间进行思考， 这就使得网上环境开放而友好。2. 能通过书写进行交流。虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要的一点是学生要具有书面表达能力。有些学生书面表达能力差，有待提高，可以在网上学习之前提高或将其作为网上学习的一部分。 这常常需要他们加倍努力。不管是单独学习还是小组学习，学生们就学习内容交流观点和见解，并展开讨论，同时了解其他同学的意见。这样，学生可以从同龄人那里得到启发，既跟老师学，又互相学习。3. 说出你的困难。记住，虚拟课堂里老师看不见学生。这就意味学生必须直接明了地表达自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技术方面的问题，或在理解课程中遇到困难，必须大胆说出来，否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。如果某人不理解某个问题，或许别人也有同样的问题。 如果有哪个学生能解决，他(她)也许就会帮助你。学生在给他人解释问题时，自己对该问题的认识也加深了。4. 认真对待课程。网上学习并不比课堂学习容易。事实上，许多学生说它需要花更多的时间和努力。 网络课程的要求不低于其他任何一种优质课程。然而，取得成功的学生认为网上学习是一种便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。 晚上或周末，为了完成作业，许多网络学生在电脑前一坐就是几个小时。 别人已完成作业和学习，开始玩耍，而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。 他们每门课程每周要上4到15小时。5. 把批判性思维和决策作为网上学习的一部分。网络课程要求学生根据事实和经验做出决定。在积极的网络环境中，学生从老师、同学那里感受到自己的价值，对自己的学习也感到满意。6. 三思而后答。在虚拟课堂上做出有意义、高质量的回答
如果差异是积极的，超过了阈值，改良方法是选定的估计，但切削力的比例不断乘以为约第二以便考虑滑移估计切削力的综合监测的说明图。 2 ，测量信号。估计业绩是令人满意的稳定状态以及在短暂切削力车削加工需要控制这种切削力保持在参考值无论深度切割，切割速度，工件和工具。由于切削力不能轻易衡量，估计切削力信号获得的第3款用于车削力控制。为了尽量减少错误之间的参考和估计切削力的规模，覆盖是饲料的基础上确定的三个控制战略： PI控制，自适应控制，最后，模糊逻辑控制。建议把武力控制系统的构建到框图所示图。 3 。的主要目的，本节是调查的可行性，利用估计切削力的转折点力控制，而不是比较控制性能的三个战略。因此，控制性能估计使用切削力相比，使用武力衡量每个控制的PI控制器需要一个动态模型的车削加工进给速度之间和切削力。转折过程可以模拟成一阶模型[ 15 ]即使模型参数， K型和T ？可以有不同的价值观取决于工件，工具和切割 1和f是切削深度和进给速度分别。 PI控制器的目的是从名义模型及其收益有决心利用齐格勒一尼科尔斯的方法。饲料覆盖的数控车床是在一系列的0-255 ％ 。反挥臂调控添加到PI控制器为了不使恶化的控制性能时，覆盖命令是超越了经营范围。该控制器可取代控制策略块真正的转折过程中，参数的驯服过程愿方程模型（ 10 ）是随时间变化和非线性根据切削条件，工件和切削工具。因此，控制规格，如稳定不能保证与传统的控制方法。许多自适应控制计划[ 5-10 ， 12 ， 15 ， 16 ，等]已经制定，以克服上述的主要目的，本节是调查的可行性，估计使用切削力的转折点力控制，一个可变增益自适应控制器由林和Masory [ 16 ]是通过，但略有修改，使切削力估计可以利用。该自适应控制器组成的一支部队在反馈环路的估计切削力比较的参考价值和控制通过改变进给速度的综合方式。 （ ）是可变控制器增益和参考切削力，分别。为了确定控制器增益，静态增益的切削过程是首先假定估计，估计的切削力是真实的。在静态增益估计，该控制器增益，光，要进行调整，以保持开环增益不变。为了适应环收益选择最优值[ 16 ] ，使控制系统是稳定的和最佳的性能。控制策略区块图。 3可以取代这种自适应模糊逻辑控制由于特点的切削力兑进给速度是非常非线性和时变的模糊逻辑[ 22 ]适用于控制器的设计。
If the difference is positive and exceeds a threshold value, the modified method is selected to estimate the cutting force but the proportional constant is multiplied for about second in order to consider the slip ratio.如果此差分是正的，并超过某一阈值，那么选择修改的方法来估计切削力，但比例常数被乘以秒，以考虑进滑移率。The estimated cutting force from the synthesized monitor is illustrated in Fig. 2 with the measured signal. 由合成的监控器估计的切削力与实测信号一起图示在图2中。The estimation performance is satisfactory at the steady-state as well as at the transient state. 在稳态以及瞬态下的估计性能是令人满意的。The cutting force in turning process needs to be controlled such that the cutting force is maintained at the reference value regardless of depth of cut, cutting speed, workpiece and tools. 在车削过程中的切削力需加以控制，这样，不管切削深度、切削速度、工件和刀具如何，切削力都将保持在基准值。Because the cutting force cannot be easily measured, the estimated cutting force signal obtained in Section 3 is used for the turning force control.因为切削力不容易测量，所以在第3节中获得的估计的切削力信号被用于车削力的控制。 In order to minimize the error between the reference and the estimated cutting forces, the size of the feed override is determined based on the three control strategies: PI control, adaptive control and finally, fuzzy logic control. 为了尽量减小基准切削力和估计切削力之间的误差，进刀修调的大小要根据三个控制策略来确定：PI（比例积分）控制、自适应控制和模糊逻辑控制。The proposed turning force control system is constructed into the block diagram as shown in Fig. 3. 提出的车削力控制系统被构建成图3所示的框图。The main purpose of this section is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing the estimated cutting force for the turning force control, rather than to compare the control performance of the three strategies.本小节的目的是研究利用估计的切削力来控制车削力的可行性，而不是比较上述三种策略的控制性能。 Thus, the control performance using the estimated cutting force is compared to that using the measured force for each control strategy. 因此，利用估计的切削力进行控制的性能是与利用每种控制策略下的实测力进行控制的性能进行比较。Design of the PI controller requires a dynamic model of the turning process between the feedrate and the cutting force. PI控制器的设计需要车削过程中进刀速度和切削力之间的动态模型。 The turning process can be modeled into a first-order model [15] even if the model parameters, K, and T? 即使模型参数K和T，车削过程也可建模成一阶模型【15】 ？（请注意：这一句和下面一句提问时原文有错）can have different values depending on workpiece, tool, and cutting a and f are the depth of cut and the feedrate, respectively 根据工件、刀具、和切削条件可以有不同的值。式中a和f分别是切削深度和进刀速度. A PI controller is designed from a nominal model and its gains are determined using the Ziegler-Nichols method. PI控制器是由标称模型设计的，它的增益用Ziegler-Nichols 方法确定The feed override of the CNC lathe is in the range of 0-255%. CNC车床的进刀修调是在0－255％的范围。The anti-windup regulation is added to the PI controller in order not to deteriorate the control performance when the override command is beyond the operation range. 为了在修调指令超出工作范围时不劣化控制性能，在PI控制器中加入了抗饱和调节。The PI controller can be substituted for the control strategy block in . 可以用PI控制器来替代图3中的控制策略方框。In real turning process, parameters of the taming process model like Eq (10) are time-varying and nonlinear depending on cutting conditions, workpiece and cutting tools.在实际的车削过程中，像式（10）那样的车削过程的参数根据切削条件、工件和切削刀具是随时间变化的，而且是非线性的。 Thus, the control specifications such as stability cannot be guaranteed with the classical control approaches. 因此控制的技术条件，如稳定性，用传统的控制方法是不能确保的。Many adaptive control schemes [5-10, 12, 15, 16, etc.] have been developed in order to overcome the above limitations.为了克服上述限制，人们开发了很多自适应控制方案【5－10，12，15，16等】。Because the main purpose of this section is to investigate the feasibility of using the estimated cutting force for the turning force control, a variable gain adaptive controller presented by Lin and Masory [16] is adopted but modified slightly so that the estimated cutting force can be utilized.因为本节的主要目的是研究利用估计的切削力来控制车削力的可行性，所以采用了Lin和Masory【16】介绍的可变增益自适应控制器，但是稍加修改，所以可以利用估计的切削力。问题补充：The adaptive controller is composed of a force feedback loop where the estimated cutting force is compared to the reference value and is controlled by changing the feedrate in the integrated manner.自适应控制器由一个力反馈回路组成，在这个回路中估计的切削力与基准值进行比较，并通过以整体方式改变进刀速度来加以控制。()are variable controller gain and reference cutting force, respectively. （ ）分别是可变的控制器增益和基准切削力。In order to determine the controller gain, the static gain of the cutting process is estimated first assuming that the estimated cutting force is true.为了确定控制器增益，先假设估计的切削力是正确的，然后估计切削过程的静态增益。 After the static gain is estimated, the controller gain, K., is adjusted to keep the open-loop gain constant. 在估计了静态增益后，控制器增益K被调节而保持开环增益常数。The adaptation loop gains are selected to optimal values [16] so that the controlled system is stable and has optimal performance. 自适应回路增益选为最佳值【16】，因此，受控的系统是稳定的，并具有最佳的性能。The control strategy block in Fig. 3 can be replaced by this adaptive controller.图3中的控制策略方框可以用此自适应控制器取代。 Fuzzy Logic 模糊逻辑控制 Because the characteristics of the cutting force versus the feedrate are very nonlinear and time-varying, a fuzzy logic [22] is applied to the controller design. 因为切削力相对于进刀速度的特性是非常非线性的，而且是随时间变化的，所以采用模糊逻辑【22】用于控制器设计。
当看到自己论文意见是大修不用担心，根据审稿人意见一条一条回应，该争论的争论，该解释的解释，该修改的修改，礼貌回应审稿人的意见，并指出在原文中哪一页哪一行进行修改，越详细越好。找北京译顶科技，性价比高，我就是在那边做的。 统一查下。
全国高职高专英语教材•新视野英语教程:读写教程2 后面的翻译答案 ,发你邮箱 百度文库里找找!Unit 1Section A. Learning a Foreign Language《读写教程 I》: Ex. III, p. 71. embarrass2. Discipline3. access4. positive5. commitment6. frustrate7. intimidate8. reap《读写教程 I》: Ex. IV, p. 81. into2. into3. from4. with5. to6. about7. with/in8. in《读写教程 I》: Ex. V, p. 81. Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a beautiful . Not wanting to meet John there, he refused to attend the . Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to the . It rained for two weeks, completely ruining our . Staring into space, the small girl felt frustrated at what the teacher asked her.《读写教程 I》: Ex. VI, p. 81. Not only does he easily accept other people’s opinions, but he is also . Not only does she sing beautifully but she also dances . Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our . Not only did we learn the technology through an online course but we also learned to communicate with friends in . Not only did Smith learn the Chinese language but also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.《读写教程 I》: Ex. VII, p. 91. We can reap a lot from the rewarding experience of communicating with native speakers of . With the mayor’s help, we were at last allowed access to those people who suffered from the traffic . Bob and Frank didn’t get along well with each other. It was embarrassing that they were to work in the same . As a boy, I used to intimidate my sister into crying by telling her that a wolf was . It is not easy to do scientific research; it requires time, energy and money as well as discipline and B Keys to Successful Online LearningReading Skills1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A of the Text
你有没有听过人们说他们更倾向于右脑或左脑思考者？从书籍到电视节目，你可能已经听过很多次了，或者你甚至参加了一次在线测试来确定哪种类型最适合你。大脑的不同部位真的控制着不同的身体和心理功能吗？ 多年来，一种越来越流行的理论是，右脑和左脑对不同的思维方式负有责任，一个人思考的方式将取决于他大脑的哪一边更积极地工作。 严重依赖右脑的人往往更有想象力和自发性，他们对模式、形状和大小感兴趣，因为右脑与唱歌、绘画、写诗等艺术能力有关。左脑占主导地位的人在思维方式上与左脑完全相反，他们的思维倾向于逻辑性更强，分析性更强，在数学和文字技能方面通常很突出。 虽然这两个脑区的不同功能可能被流行心理学扭曲和夸大，但了解你在某些领域的长处和弱点可以帮助你找到更好的学习和学习方法。例如，如果你通常在试图遵循口头指示(一种经常被称为右脑特征的活动)上陷入困境，你可以从写下方向和培养更好的组织技能中获益。
Unit11．这种植物只有在培育它的土壤才能很好地成长。The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. 研究结果表明，无论我们白天做什么，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。 Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。They were accused by authorities of threatening the state .要使这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger . 她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful . 我从未受过正式培训，我只是边干边学。I never had formal training, I just learned as I went .随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5. 她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼大昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound . 谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他更多的批评。No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of . 据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in . 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their . 你只需填写一张表格就可去的会员资格，他可以是你在卖东西时享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on .不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了，结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they had . 那位官员卷入一场丑闻，数周后被迫辞职。The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks . 这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is .我父母不是对我的教育投资，而是把钱花在了买新竹放了。 Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new .如今，人们用于休闲娱乐的开支是过去的两倍。Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the .一家公司要成功，他必须跟上市场的发展。 In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the 与申请这个职位的其他女孩相比，他流利的英语是个优势。. Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the .对于学生而言，没有任何地方比图书更好了，在哪里所有的图书都任由他们使用。 For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their .我们要充分利用好这平台，加强交流，拓展合作领域，共谋发展大业。We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint . 这个小个子男人并不如他看上去那么单纯。This little man is not so innocent as he . 对于这问题我已经束手无策了，所以你不妨去求助与王教授。There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for . 双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果。并希望合作进一步加深。Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that thecooperation can be . 一方面，亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受，另一方面，他也能“广直言之路，启进善之门”。On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted. On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions".5. 他孤独的感觉时起时落 ，他有时会对自己，对宠物，对电视机唠叨不休。His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the . 毕竟，金钱不是万能的，最富有的人不是最幸福的。After all, money is not everything. The richest people are not necessarily the 1假设你发现自己的同事受贿，你会不会无动于衷呢？.Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?2.他如此固执，我们对他已失望。跟他争论一点意义都没有。 We've given up on him because he is so stubborn. It is pointless to argue with .他突然想到加速进程的好办法，但组里的成员对此却意见不一。 He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on . 今天我能够使自己的职业与兴趣相符，之前我是做不到的。Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do .要成为一名驾驶员，视觉上分辨红色与绿色的能力是必不可少的。 The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a .这个组有七个人组成，他们经常见面，分享彼此的信息。 The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each .这些科学家在创建基因图谱的过程中体会到，合作不仅仅是一种有吸引力的选择。 In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more than an attractive option; it was a . 他们的研究研究发现简直是个奇迹，由于他们的发现，人们对基因的历史有了新的了解。Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle. As a result of their findings, new light has been shed on the history of human 。事实上勤奋加方法得当才能使你在学习上比他人有优势。.In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over . 法官说这种惩罚将起到杀一儆百的作用。The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to . 感染的危险只限于那些与病人有亲密接触的人。The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the .从这一分析中我们可以更好地知道发生了什么以及要要做些什么。 From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to doabout . 要他守规矩，我不在乎他晚上在外面呆多久么晚。I don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves . 与其他计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为我觉得没有任何一个计划比他的计划更实际。I prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than . 他们与那家公司中断了生意往来，因为那家公司上一个财政年度损失惨重，已经破产了。They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal year and went . 既然你不喜欢他，当初为什么还邀请参加你的生日晚会呢？Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place?5. 虽然知道获胜的可能性不大，但比赛失败后，我们多少还是有点沮丧。Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in the . 也许这是为进步而付出的代价，谁知道呢？Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who knows?unit91. 尽管他们做出了巨大的努力，但目前为止，博物馆每天的参观者人很少。For all their great efforts, the museum's daily attendance has so far still been very .作为对政府检察院批评的回应，公司改变了一些做法，而不是放弃自己的规定。 In response to criticism by government inspector, the company changed some of its practices rather than gave up its .警方提醒乘客，不要将钱和贵重物品放在提包里，以防被盗。The police warned passengers against putting money and precious things in bags lest they should be . 调查集中于父母和孩子如何看待学校满足他们需要的那些办法。Surveys ought to focus on how parents and children perceive the way in which the school satisfies their .一瞬间，特斯由一个天真的女孩变成了一个成熟的，受过良好教育的女子。In a flash ,Tess changed from an innocent girl to a mature and well-educated woman。6.我能证实200列新火车正在制造中，第一批将在今年五月投入运营。 I can confirm that 200 new trains are being manufactured and that the first of those trains will come into service in May this yearUnit101.无论你的智商有多高，你的想法都受到个人经历的局限，因此要学会吸纳他人有用的观点。 No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the experience you have had and so you should learn to incorporate the useful perspectives of .这个游戏非常有趣，他们谁也没有注意时间的流逝。 So interesting was the game that none of them took note of passage of .我一直在整理这些旧文件，看看哪些有用，那些需要扔掉。 I’ve been sorting through these old documents to see which are useful and which can be thrown .随着年龄越来越大，你应该考虑未来的计划。 As you get older you should reflect on future . 他在演出中的亮相简直是个轰动。His appearance in the show was nothing less than a . 他们每个月都从工资中留出一笔钱，用于孩子将来的教育。Every month they set aside a particular amount of money from their salary for the sake of their kid’s education in the future.
卡伦是一位年轻的母亲，在北卡罗莱纳州的一个法庭上当书记员。虽然她受过刑事司法培训，但她很快就发现监狱和法院是令人沮丧的工作场所。当她的女儿出生时，她不得不呆在家里做一个全职妈妈。在这一点上，她决定了她真正想要的生活。她知道自己喜欢办公室工作，不打算放弃自己的职业发展，但她也喜欢呆在家里和抚养女儿的灵活性。因此，她似乎找不到任何能满足这两个看似矛盾的条件的东西。 有一天，卡伦在报纸上读到夫妇起诉他们的保姆滥用他们的孩子。原来那个保姆有很长的犯罪记录。卡伦无法想象雇用一个人来监视她的孩子，而不必对那个人的背景进行彻底的调查。这引起了一个绝妙的主意。凯伦决定做些事情来挽救其他父母的孩子，他们的命运也一样。而这份工作并没有要求她离开家。第二天，她拿到了家乡的报纸，看了父母找保姆的广告。她给他们打了电话，并把他们送去了她照看孩子的服务。有几个人跳了起来。她的事业是天生的，而且还在继续发展。 那是15年前的事了。卡伦最近被提名为北卡罗来纳州十大商业女性之一，甚至出现在奥普拉脱口秀节目中。当被问及她成功的秘诀时，她强调说这是因为她对自己真正想做的事充满热情。此外，卡伦还提到，耐心和毅力对她的成就至关重要。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册课后答案(超完整版)
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近年来，随着小学英语教学日益为国家和全社会所重视，在许多地方的小学英语已经成为了一门必修课。我整理了50字英语短文带翻译，欢迎阅读!
永不言弃Never Give Up
Successful people often say never give up. They are sincerely trying to motivate others to success.
那些成功人士经常说绝不放弃。他们真诚地激励别人成功。
It can be a really hard experience for some, so when they do reach their goal, they are almost in shock. There is no need to wade through crocodile-infested waters when there is a safe bridge to use. Sheer hard work and determination is great, but not at the expense of enjoyment and a sense of fulfillment along the journey. So staying motivated is important to maintain this exciting path to success. It doesn’t matter how far away your outcome6 is, because you are going to enjoy the trip.
这对有些人来说很难,所以当他们达到自己的目标时,他们竟会感到很意外。当有桥能保障我们的安全时,就没有必要去锳鳄鱼成群的水域。纯粹的努力工作和决心固然很好,但不要以放弃享乐、放弃梦想为代价。因此,保持积极乐观对走向成功之路至关重要。何时会有结果并不重要,因为你享受的是过程。
If a change in circumstances is not possible at the moment, accept that. So how can you be happy enough, if only a little of your time is enjoyable?
如果现在无法改变环境,那就接受吧。如果你大多数时候都不愉快,快乐又从何说起呢?
Pretend. That is all you can do. Whether you are a cleaning worker or serving customers, speak to people with care. Watch the smile on their faces as if you brought it to them. Enthusiasm is infectious. If you focus on enjoying your tasks, they will be easier. Time flies when you are having fun. Enjoy life at present, and don’t just wait for the end result.
你所能做的只有假装。不论你是清洁工还是服务员,与别人说话需谨慎。看着他们脸上的笑容,就像这笑容是你带给他们的一样。热情是能传染的。如果你能专心享受自己的工作,他人也会更舒服。时光如梭,享受现在的生活,不要只是等待最后的结果。
成功的季节
As the season of spring comes upon us, it is important that you start preparing yourself for change.
当春天的脚步越来越近,重要的是,你得开始为改变做准备了。
Life has four seasons: spring, summer, fall and winter. However, success also has its four seasons. So, every three to four months, expect changes to occur in your life. You must understand it has always been this way and it will continue to be this way.
生活分四季:春、夏、秋、冬。然而,成功也分四季。因此,每隔三到四个月,你就要期待生活会发生变化。你得了解生活就是这样发生变化的,而且会继续这样。
Circumstances are the storms, the cold and the rain in your life. You cannot control your circumstances, but you can control your response to them. You can not change your situation overnight, but you can change the way you think about it overnight.
环境就像你生活中的暴风雨、寒潮和大雨。你无法控制自己的环境,但能选择对待它们的反应。你不可能一下子改变自己的处境,但你能很快改变你的思维方式。
Start thinking about the goals and dreams that you have planted in your heart. As you prepare for spectacular spring, some of your dreams will be ready to blossom, while others may still need to be cultivated. Just as a farmer knows when to plant and expect the harvest, you must also be prepared to plan and expect success.
想想那些已经根植在你心里的目标和梦想吧。当你准备迎接美好的春天时,你的一些梦想就会随之绽放而有些梦想的实现则仍需时日。正如农夫知道何时播种、何时收获,你也要做好计划并期待成功。
Have you determined the weather forecast for your goals and dreams? Do you have your strategic umbrella ready for sudden changes? The trees and flowers do not complain about the rain, because they understand it is important to their growth. Remember, the unexpected changes in your life are just preparing you for growth and success.
你为自己的目标和梦想预测天气变化了吗?你为突然的变故准备好战略性的保护伞了吗?绿树和红花从不曾对雨有过丝毫抱怨,只因它们知道雨对自己的成长至关重要。切记:你生命中那些意想不到的变故就是为你的成长和成功所准备的。
告别过去 Don’t look back
As you travel through life there are always those times when decisions just have to be made when the choices are hard, and solutions seem scarce and the rain seems to soak your parade!
人生旅途中，你常常会面临在艰难中做出抉择的时刻，这时的解决方法看似少之又少，而你则像在行走中被雨水浇透。
There are some situations where all you can do is to simply let go and move on, gather courage together and choose a direction that carries you toward a new dawn.
有些情况，你能做的只有放弃，然后鼓起勇气重新上路，并选定一个能给你新开始的方向。
So pack up your troubles and take a step forward…The process of change can be tough, but think about all the excitement ahead if you can be stalwart enough!
那么就结束你所有的烦恼吧，向前迈步……改变的过程会充满艰辛，但你不妨这样想，如果足够坚定，前方就会有很多惊喜等着你。
There could be adventures you never imagined just waiting around the next bend and wishes and dreams just about to come true in ways you can't yet comprehend!
在下一个拐角处，也许会有你不曾想到过的艰险在等你去体验，希望和梦想会以各种你无法理解的方式变成现实。
Perhaps you'll find friendships that spring from new interests as you challenge your status and learn there are so many options in life, and so many ways you can grow!
当你向自身现状挑战时，也许会在新的兴趣中发现由此触发的友谊，你会明白生活中存在很多选择，你的成长道路也会如此多样化。
Perhaps you'll go to places you've never expected and see things that you've never seen or travel to fabulous, faraway worlds and wonderful spots in between!
也学你会到那些从未想过要去的地方走走，亲眼看看那些从未见过的事物，或者去遥远而神奇的王国旅行，饱览沿途美景。
Perhaps you'll find warmth and affection and caring — a 'somebody special' who's there to help you stay centered and listen with interest to stories and feelings you share.
也许你将会体会到温暖，爱意和关怀—某个“特别的人”将在那里帮助你保持心无旁骛的状态，饶有兴致地倾听并分享你的故事和感受。
Perhaps you'll find comfort in knowing your friends are supportive of all that you do and believe that whatever decisions you make, they'll be the right choices for you!
也许当你朋友们支持你所做的一切时，你将感到欣慰;他们相信，无论你的决定如何，它们都是正确的选择。
So keep putting one foot in front of the other and taking your life day by day. There's a brighter tomorrow that's just down the road. Don't look back — you're not going that way!
既然如此，那就一步步走下去吧，认真过好每一天。前方会有一个更加美好的未来。告别过去—因为那不是你要走的路。
英语作为世界上使用最广泛的语言之一,在交流和获得各种信息方面起着举足轻重的作用。下面是我带来的高中英语 文章 带翻译，欢迎阅读!
高中英语文章带翻译1
Helping the Remote Village 援助山村
A year ago, the famous astronaut received an invitation by airmail from a remote village. Intending to sniff some fresh air, he and his interpreter paid a fortnight visit there. It was a privilege for them to be there, but they were shocked by what they saw. The tracks were muddy. The river was drying up. Most villagers only possessed onebroom, a few tins and several jars and their rectangular grass huts with round angles were surrounded by weeds. Besides, their school had no roof and platform, and the students had no concept of clicking a computer at all. They were badly in need.
Soon, the astronaut made a generous voluntary donation to the village. There were textbooks for students, sewing machines for tailors and tractors for farmers. His distribution catalogue also included operating a clinic and a trunklibrary, as well as giving weekly lessons to teach relevant farming knowledge like how to dry out seeds or raise oxen. He himself not only helped do some paperwork but also purchased grills for boys to toast potatoes and combs for girls who were dying to get one. The other day, he heard from the villagers again inviting him to participate in the donationanniversary. For political and security reasons, he couldn’t adjust his outgoing arrangement-otherwise he would go. But his deeds were remembered forever.
一年前，那位著名的宇航员收到一份由一个偏远村庄通过航空邮件寄来的邀请。因为想要呼吸一下新鲜空气，他和翻译到那儿做了一次两周的访问。当地之行使他们倍感荣幸，但却震惊于所见所闻。泥泞的道路、河流干枯，大部分的村民拥有的财产只不过是一只扫帚、几个瓶瓶罐罐而已，圆角的矩形草屋四周长满了杂草，学校也没有屋顶和讲台，学生们更对点击操作电脑毫无概念。他们生活确实相当困难。
很快，宇航员就向村庄做了慷慨的自愿捐赠。捐赠品中有给学生的课本，给裁缝的缝纫机，还有给农民的 拖拉机 。捐赠金的分配目录中还包括一间诊所和一间书箱图书馆的运作，并有传授像怎么使种子干透，或者怎么养牛这种相关农业知识的每周课程。他自己不仅亲自帮助做一些文书工作，还给男孩子们购买了烤马铃薯的烤架、给渴望得到梳子的女孩子们买了梳子。前几天，他又收到了村民们邀请他参加捐赠周年会的来信。出于政治和安全原因，他无法调整外出时间安排，否则他就会去了。不过他所做的一切村民们都永远记得。
高中英语文章带翻译2
Immigrate to America 移民美国
Attracted by the boom in America, my nephew teamed up with a Korean to illegally cross the Bearing Strait in theArctic to America. To avoid the Customs’ punishment, they hid in a small ferry called the North Pole Seagull, sitting back to back without sleeping, showering and shaving for 3 days, and had no chance to mourn their lost luggage when landing. The hardship of this crossingwas apparent.
At first, he made a living by means of raising cattle and then was hired in aircraft industries. He lived in a Catholic district. Taking ina small percentage of Pakistani immigrants, the majority of the residents were from Italy and Denmark, who all kept up their customs and cultures. Different blocks here were distinctly marked out and indicated from the racial angle. It was unfair and needed reforming. But with nowhere else to go, my nephew lived on and managed to make a life for himself.
My nephew’s fortune came when he bravely helped a conductor brake a ream to stop it from slipping out of the rails. The man waselected vice chairman of the Socialist Party later. It occurred to my nephew that he could grasp this opportunity to ask for his help. The man who was thankful helped him apply to the civil authority for the right to live in America by inserting his brave deed into his documents. Unlike a great many other applicants, his application was approved by the Federal Justice Ministry. Before long, he started his own bakery and lived a better life.
因为受到美国繁荣的吸引，我的侄子与一名韩国人合作，从北极的白令海峡偷渡到美国。为了避开海关的惩处，他们躲在一艘叫“北极海鸥”的渡轮里，背靠背坐着，整整3天没有睡觉、洗澡和刮胡子，上岸的时候也没有机会心痛他们丢失的行李，这次横渡的艰辛是显而易见的。
起初，他借助 饲养 牲畜谋生，后来受雇于飞机制造工业。他住的地方是一个天主教区，除了包括一小部分(百分比)的巴基斯坦移民，大部分的居民都来自于意大利和丹麦，他们都保持着自己的风俗和 文化 ，使这里的街区都从种族的角度清楚地划出界线，明确标示。这很不公平，极需改革，但我的侄子没别的地方可去，只好继续居住下去，想法设法开始新的生活。
我侄子的好运在他勇敢地帮助一名列车员刹停一列电车以防止其滑出轨道时到来了。那个人后来被选为社会党的副主席，我侄子就想到应该抓住机会请求他的帮助。这个人充满感激，立即把我侄子的勇敢 事迹 插入到申请文件中，帮助我侄子向美国国内政权当局申请美国居住权。不像别的许多申请人，我侄子的申请很快被联邦司法部批准了。不久，他就开了自己的面包店，过上了稍好一点的生活。
高中英语文章带翻译3
Strange Patent Applications 奇怪的专利申请
I set about working in the current Patent Office after resigning from the court personnel. Competent and dynamic, I never feel passive while diving into the identifications of whether applications are valid and practical according to the new version of thecriteria.
从法院人事部辞职后，我开始在现在的专利局工作。我工作起来既称职又有活力，在投身于根据新版的申请标准鉴定专利申请，以防他们无效或不实用时，我从未感觉到消极没劲。
With the expectation of distinguishing their own importance, some people leave the beaten track and file strange products with usnow and then, for example, lantern that can be attached on your forehead, cubic walnuts, refrigerator made of straw and glue, perfumethat nobody can bear to smell, and so on.
为了显示与众不同，时不时就有人违反常规，向我们提交一些奇怪的产品申请，例如固定在前额的信号灯、立方体的胡桃、用稻草和胶水制作的冰箱、没人能受得了的香水等
Once, a man made a triangle helicopter out of stainless wires and string. He called us up and merrily claimed it was stable andconvenient to use, and never out of order. I asked him to hang on, but this innocent man just rang off and set out to fly from his courtyard. I dialed his number in the directory trying to ring him back, but never got through.
有一次，有个人用不锈钢丝和绳子制作了一架三角形的直升飞机。他致电给我们，高兴地声称其确实牢固，而且方便使用，从不发生故障。我请他稍等，但这个天真的人挂了电话就开始从院子里起飞。我拨打他在电话簿上的号码试图回电给他，却无法接通。
Merciful God blessing, an abrupt freezing rainfall made his powder wet. Luckily, the trouble was without any extension except that he crashed into a greengrocer’s making all the ripe fruits become messy jam. When people seized this crazy man with caution and sobered him by tapping his face, he complained about the bad weather instead of associating his failure with his unscientific design.
仁慈的上帝保佑，一场突然降临的冻雨打湿了他的火药，使他造成的麻烦没有扩大，只是撞入一间水果店，把所有成熟的水果都压成一塌糊涂的果酱。当人们小心地抓住这个失去理智的人，轻轻拍打他的脸使他清醒过来时，他还在抱怨糟糕的坏天气，却没有将他的失败与他不科学的设计联系起来。
高中英语文章带翻译4
A Sly Murder 一宗狡猾的谋杀案
When giving a lecture about the significance of punctuation, the academic professor was interrupted andarrested by the police for murdering his wife, a receptionist of a kindergarten. The police found some photos he deleted from their e-album showing that they used to have a gay life. But, fed up with her wrinkled face, he murdered her instead of divorcing her to avoid fortune division. He cut up a kind of seashell with a sharpened knife, and hammered it into powder on a skateboard, and made at most one gram, which was enough to accelerate one’s pulse until he or she dies. This kind of poison can date back to 10,000 BC when people rubbed it on spears to kill beasts. The professor mixed the poison with onion, watermelon and yogurt for his wife. Howling and scratching her chest, she felt dizzy and died soon.
那位学院的教授在发表关于标点符号重要意义的演讲时被警察打断了，他因谋杀自己的妻子——一位幼儿园的接待员——而被逮捕。警察找到了一些被他从电子相册里删除的照片，照片表明，他们曾经有过快乐的生活，但是，因为厌烦了妻子起皱的脸，他杀死她而不是和她离婚以避免离婚时的财产分割。他用一把磨利的小刀切碎一种贝壳，然后在滑板上锤打成粉末，最多1克就足以加速人的脉搏直到其死亡。这种毒药可以追溯到公元前10，000年，当时它就被涂抹在长予上杀死野兽。教授把这种毒药混合在洋葱、西瓜和酸奶里给他的妻子，后者叫喊、抓挠胸口、头晕目眩，很快就死了。
After tentative examination, the police assumed she died of heart disease. But systematic botanical analyses showed that the watermelon spit on the messy mat and the quilt was poisonous. Regardless of exhaustion and starvation, the acute and skilful policemen used radioactive equipment to make sure the category of the poison. Primitive and not ample as their alternative equipment was, they got perfect accuracy somehow.
在初步检查之后，警察设想她是死于心脏病。但是系统的植物学分析却表明，吐在凌乱的席子和被子上的西瓜有毒。敏锐而又技术娴熟的警察不顾疲劳和饥饿，用放射性的设备确定了毒素的种类。尽管可供选择的设备原始，且数量不足，他们还是设法取得了完美的准确度。
People applauded the police and the woman’s family can look ahead with relief now.
人们都为警察欢呼鼓掌，而那位女人的家人现在也可以带着欣慰为将来打算了。
在进行英语 文章 赏析的过程中,多元素互动模式的构建,有利于我们能更加准确深刻的理解文章的意思。下面是我带来的英文文章加翻译原文，欢迎阅读!英文文章加翻译原文精选 Build Me a Son塑造我的儿子 Build me a son, O Lord, who will be strong enough to know when he is weak, and brave enough to face himself when he is afraid; one who will be proud and unbending in honest defeat, and humble and gentle in victory. 主啊!求你塑造我的儿子，使他在软弱时，能够坚强不屈;在惧怕时能够勇敢自持，在正常的失败中，毫不气馁;在光明的胜利中，仍能保持谦逊温和。 Build me a son whose wishes will not take the place of deeds; a son who will know Thee... and that to know himself is the foundation stone of knowledge. 恳求你塑造我的儿子，不至空有幻想而缺乏行动;引领他认识你，同时让他知道，认识自己，才是一切知识的基石。 Lead him, I pray, not in the path of ease and comfort, but under the stress and spur of difficulties and challenge. Here, let him learn to stand up in the storm; here let him learn compassion for those that fail. 我祈求你，不要使他走上安逸、舒适之途，求你将他置于困难和挑战的磨练和激励中，求你引领他，使他学习在风暴中挺身站立，并学会怜悯那些在重压之下失败跌倒的人。 Build me a son, whose heart will be clear, whose goal will be high, a son who will master himself before he seeks to master other men; one who will reach into the future, yet never forget the past. 求你塑造我的儿子，求你让他有一颗纯洁的心，并有i在大的目标;使他在能指挥别人之前，先懂得驾驭自己;当迈入未来之际，永不忘记过去的教训。 And after all these things are his, add, I pray, enough of a sense of humor, so that he may always be serious, yet never take himself too seriously. Give him humility. so that he may always remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom and the meekness of true strength. Then, I, his father, will dare to whisper have not lived in vain." 在他，有了这些美德之后，我还要祈求你赐给他足够的幽默感，以免他过于严肃，还苛求自己。恳求你赐给他谦卑的心，使他永远记得，真正的伟大是单纯，真正的智慧是坦率，真正的力量是温和。如此，我这作父亲的，才敢低声说:"我没有虚度此生。 " 英文文章加翻译原文阅读 The World as I See It我的世界观 How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose be knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people -first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, unknown to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. 我们这些总有一死的人的命运多么奇特!找们每个人在这个世界上都只作一个短暂的逗留;目的何在，却无从知道，尽管有时自以为对此若有所感。但是，不必深思。只要从日常生活就可以明白:人是为别人而生存的——首先是为那样一些人，我们的幸福全部依赖于他们的喜悦和健康;其次是为许多我们所不认识的人，他们的命运通过同情的纽带同我们密切结合在一起。 A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men. regard class distinction as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally. 我每天上百次的提醒自己:我的精神生活和物质生活都是以别人(包括生者和死者)的劳动为基础的，我必须尽力以同样的分量来报偿我所领受了的和至今还在领受着的东西。我强烈地向往着俭朴的生活。并且时常发觉自己占用了同胞的过多劳动而难以忍受。我认为阶级的区分是不合理的，它最后所凭借的是以暴力为根据。我也相信，简单淳朴的生活，无论在身体上还是在精神上，对每个人都是有益的。 My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities. I am truly a "lone traveler" and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friend, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties, I have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitude-feelings which increase with the years. One becomes sharply aware, but without regret of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people. No doubt, such a person loses some of his innocence and unconcern; on the other hand, he is largely independent, of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations. 我有强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感。但我又明显地缺乏与别人和社会直接接触的要求，这两者总是形成古怪的对照。我实在是一个"孤独的旅客我未曾全心全意地属于我的国家、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最为接近的亲人;在所有这些关系面前，我总是感觉到一定距离而且需妥保持孤独——而这种感受正与年俱增。人们会清楚地发觉，同别人的相互了解和协调一致是有限度的，但这不值得惋惜。无疑，这样的人在某种程度上会失去他的天真无邪和无忧无虑的心珑;但另一方面，他却能够在很大程度上不为别人的意见、习惯和判断所左右，并且能够避免那种把他的内心平衡建立在这样一些不可靠的基础之上的诱惑。 英文文章加翻译原文学习 Blood, Toil, Sweet and Tears 热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪 I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, sweat and tears. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. 我已告知参加新政府的各位大臣，在此我再敬告诸位议员:除了热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪，我没有其他，可以奉献。我们面临着极其严峻的考验;我们面临着漫长而艰苦卓绝的斗争。 You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the the dark and lamentable-catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. 你们会问，我们的政策是什么?我的回答是:在陆地上、在海上、在空中作战。我们要不遗余力，凭籍上帝赐予我们的全部力量，同人类历史上空前黑暗、空前暴虐的专制制度作殊死搏斗。这就是我们的政策。 You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs -victory in spite of all terrors- victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. 你们会问，我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词作答，那就是:胜利。不惜一切代价，甘冒一切危险去夺取胜利。不论前面的道路多么漫长，多么崎岖一定要夺取胜利!因为不获得胜利就得灭亡。 Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal. 我们每一个人都必须认识到:没有胜利，大英帝国将不复存在，大英帝国倡导的一切将不复存在，推动人类历史朝既定目标前进的动力将不复存在。 I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. 我满怀希望欣然承担我的使命。我确信人民不会容忍我们的事业逍遥失败。 I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength." 此时此刻，我认为我有权要求得到所有人的支持，我要说:"来吧!让我们同心协力，奋勇向前吧。 "