有关悲惨世界的论文英文文献

As long as the legal and social oppression caused by the customs of the day there, in the heyday of civilization artificially make the earth a hell innate human suffering inevitable evil luck; three issues of poverty as long as this century --- so that man down and hunger fallen women, children of darkness weak --- also unresolved; Just poisoned society may also occur in some areas, in other words, but also from a broader sense, as long as this world there are ignorance and hardship, then this book will not be of the same nature works is useless.

你既然要写英文的，要中文做什么？能有些这个的水平的话，翻译对你应该不难呀Critical Analysis of "Les Miserables" God has graced mankind with countless attributes that can be portrayed as minor or major roles in one's daily walk. Among these features are ambition and hope. Ambition, defined as an eagerness or strong desire to achieve something, relates significantly to motivation, an act of movement toward a goal. Hope, a confidence and trust that something will take place, is extensively used when ambition and motivation are of topic. Victor Hugo, a French novelist during the eight-hundreds, adeptly and cleverly exercises ambitions and aspirations, hopes and dreams and motivations throughout his later written novels, such Les Miserables. In Les Miserables a single glimpse into each character's life, such as Jean Val Jean, the main character, or Cosette, Jean Valjean's daughter, illustrates progression. Hints of greed, love, and sacrifice can be traced far into each man's struggle within himself and with man. Each character uses their attributes to gain and over come their obstacle. Victor Hugo is known to be one of the greatest leaders of the French Romantic Movement, which sought independence from the conservative limitations of the classical style. Hugo's works convey his indignation at social injustices and human affliction. Hugo knew how to write effectively and with simplicity of the common joys and sorrows of the average man and woman. Les Miserables covers a time span of more than twenty years from the fall of the first Napoleon to the revolts of a generation later. Jean Valjean, a convict of unusual strength, originally sentenced to five years in prison for stealing a loaf of bread for his sister's starving family. Attempts to escape have kept him in the galleys for nineteen years before he is released in 1815. Police inspector Javert is sure he will be back, for his passport proclaiming him an ex-convict, keeps him for getting a job or proper lodging. He stops at the home of the Bishop of Digne, who treats him well despite Jean's attempts to rob him of some silverware. After receiving a new beginning from the bishop, Jean Valjean devotes his life to honesty. Later calling himself Father Madeleine, a man with no previous history, he appears in the town of the town M. sur M. His discovery of a method of making jet for jewelry brings prosperity to the whole village, and the town's people elect him mayor. Then his conscience forces him to confess his former identity to save a prisoner unjustly arrested. Again he escapes from the galleys and from Inspector Javert. Jean Valjean becomes a father, friend, and hero within his new life. He uses ambition to transform into a strong character internally and externally. After Jean Valjean found shelter within the Bishop's home, he expresses his gratitude for expecting him, and began to tell stories of suffering in the past. The Bishop kindly speaks to Valjean, you have left a place of suffering. But listen, there will be more joy in heaven over the tears of repentant sinner?(Hugo, 20). Valjean could have taken this as good advice, or a warning, but it did not stop him from stealing the Bishop's candlesticks later. Valjean's turning point of growth begins after the last words the Bishop shares with him. You belong no longer to evil, but to good. It is your soul that I am buying from you. I withdraw it from dark thoughts, and from the spirit of perdition. I give it to God!?(Hugo, 33). Jean Valjean has a sudden progression in his character. With a promise on his heart, made to God and the Bishop Jean steps into a new life refreshed. When coming across Petit Gravis, Jean learns that his inner self is aware of the truth, that a wretch I am! Then his heart swelled, and he burst into tears. It was the first time he had wept in nineteen years.?(Hugo, 38). Valjean抯 past disappears and vanishes with a simple act of kindness from the Bishop. The effortless deed that motivates Jean Valjean to change the world. this past life, his first fault, his long expiation, his external brutishness, his internal hardness, his dismissal to liberty, rejoicing in manifold plans of vengeance, what had happened to him at the Bishop's, the last thing that he had done, that theft of forty sous from a child, a crime all the more cowardly, and all the more monstrous since it had come after the Bishop's pardon,--all this recurred to his mind and appeared clearly to him, but with a clearness which he had never hitherto witnessed. He examined his life, and it seemed horrible to him; his soul, and it seemed frightful to him. In the meantime a gentle light rested over this life and this soul. It seemed to him that he beheld Satan by the light of Paradise.?(Hugo, 38). Compassion and truth were both motivations in Jan Valjean's earlier walk. Jean Valjean also displays hope for his daughter, Cosette. Cosette is Fantine's biological daughter, but becomes Valjean's daughter when Fantine dies. She spends the first six years of her life in utter misery as the servant of the Theardiers, before Valjean rescues her and brings her up in Paris and a convent. She eventually blossoms into a beautiful woman and falls in love with Marius, a young lawyer. Jean Valjean learns to love when adopting Cosette. His heart begins to see not only himself, but others. Valjean uses Cosette as a motivation as well. He cares for her deeply and offers her all that he possesses. When Victor Hugo uses love as a motivation or aspiration, it does not necessarily mean a romantic love, rather a love of humanity, the love of a kindhearted human being for another human being, the love that must be connected with genuine charity. Jean Valjean learns what love is during the course of the novel. The Bishop has caused the dawn of virtue on Jean's horizon: Cosette worked the dawn of love. Hugo makes it clear that a man cannot exist without love, for if he tries, he becomes warped and less than a man.?(Reeves, 4). Jean Valjean grows as a person, becomes a good and honorable an after he found the love of a helpless girl. By devoting his life to her, he finds the necessity of a meaning outside of his own life. Jean Valjean come to value his own existence more because the girl is dependant upon himself and loves him. Javert, the antithesis of Jean Valjean seeks only self righteousness. An obsessive police inspector who desperately searches for Valjean throughout France. He believes in one thing--order--consistently siding with the letter of the law instead of its spirit. Ashamed of his gypsy background, Javert devotes himself completely to his duty and shuns corruption. He is consumed by the malice. He can conceive of no point of view other than his own. Sympathy, mercy, and understanding require an insight that he does not possess. For him there is no such thing as an extenuating circumstance. He clings with mindless, insane tenacity to his belief in responsibility. At his hands, justice is distorted beyond recognition. Through him, Hugo shows the dark side of virtue.

《悲惨世界》的作者维克多·雨果是十九世纪法国的一位重要作家，他一生勤奋创作，留下了二十二部诗集，十二部戏剧，二十部小说和散文，若干文论等珍贵作品。他的作品在法国和全世界都具有很大影响。长篇小说《悲惨世界》是雨果最重要的作品。在这部小说中，雨果刻划了从拿破仑在滑铁卢的失败直到反对七月王朝的人民起义这一阶段的历史面貌，绘制了一幅规模庞大的社会和政治生活的图画。书中描述了在逃犯冉·阿让和流落街头的妇女芳汀，还有她的女儿珂赛特三位中心人物的悲惨遭遇。深刻揭示了资本主义社会中善良纯朴的劳动人民注定要陷入受压迫、受歧视、受凌辱境地的必然命运，愤怒地谴责和控诉了造成这一切不合理和不公平现象的原因。在这本书中我最喜欢的人物就是贯穿本书始终的冉·阿让。年轻勤劳的冉·阿让找不到工作在难忍的饥饿驱使下，打碎了商店的一块玻璃，拿了一块面包而前后被判了十九年徒刑。出狱后，为了报复，在晚上想打死好心收留他的善良的神父。但老人待人真诚，酣然睡在一个苦役犯旁边的卓绝胸怀，深深地震撼了冉·阿让，使他握着铁钎的手慢慢地放了下来。于是他偷走了银器逃出了神父家。当冉·阿让被抓住时，神父并没有指证他，反而又把两支银烛台给了冉·阿让，并对他说：“不要忘记，永远不要忘记您允诺过我，您拿了这些银子是为了做一个诚实的人用的。”正是这句话和神父的所做所为唤醒了冉·阿让的良心。他决定遵守自己的诺言，做一个诚实、正直、仁慈博爱的人。后来他改名换姓，在一个城市里搞了一项工业的工艺改革，发了财，做了市长，在那里济穷救苦，大做好事。当他得知芳汀的悲惨遭遇时，决定帮助她，接回她的女儿珂赛特。但芳汀未看到她的女儿就死去了。而冉·阿让也为了救出冤枉的人，在法庭上自首自己是真正的苦役犯冉·阿让。于是又被抓走做苦役。但为了履行对芳汀的诺言，在苦役中，他奋不顾身地从战船上空抢救了帆工，然后机智地逃走。到外地把芳汀的女儿珂赛特从刻薄奸诈的夫妇那里带走，并隐居在了修道院。八年了，冉·阿让和珂赛特幸福的生活在一起。冉·阿让为了让珂赛特得到幸福，设法成全了珂赛特和马吕斯的婚姻，并向马吕斯表白了自己曾是苦役犯。不料遭到马吕斯的鄙视，拒绝他再和珂赛特见面。当马吕斯得知冉·阿让就是自己到处寻找的救命恩人，即是受人尊敬的马德兰先生，他这才悔恨交加，立即带着珂赛特去看望老人。但是冉·阿让由于情感上受到打击，这时已处于弥留之际。老人向他们作了临终的嘱咐，便惨然离开了人生。在书中，我被冉·阿让那颗狂热追求正义的良心所感动。正是这颗良心多少地把他箍紧而压服！他悲惨的一生中有多少次伤病，多少次重新站起来。这良心光芒四射，在安静地向他说：“现在平安无事了！”唉！这是多么凄惨的平安！雨果的这本书从人道主义思想出发，同情劳动人民的命运。读过这本书，我被书中那种仁慈博爱道德正义的力量所感动。虽然在书中当时那种黑暗残暴的社会里，这种力量实在是微小。但在现在，在我们这社会主义国家里，这种精神却得到了发扬。就在今年这百年不遇的洪水来临之时，我们十二亿华夏儿女报着一份对祖国，对人民的爱心，有钱出钱，有力出力，为保卫祖国，保卫长江。保卫人民，读了这本书，看了报纸电视上一件件感人事迹，我也决定把自己积赞的几百元零用钱全部捐给了灾区，表达我的一片爱心。