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英语论文写作常用表达

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英语论文写作常用表达

定语从句,宾语从句。应该就可以了哈。要注意通篇时态要一致。否则会被扣得很惨。

英语关联词用法 英语关联词 —并列连词 1 并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系 用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分 1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this week or next week 2)连接分句:I went and she 可分别表示下列关系 1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe- less 2) 因果:so, for, therefore 3) 选择r, either…or, neither…nor 英语关联词 —并列连接词 2 4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also) 英语关联词 —关联词 关联词 用于引导从句 名词从句: He doesn't know what she 副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it to 形容词从句:He's the best student I've ever 英语关联词 —连接词 1 关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键 连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分 1) that(无含义): I said that he was 2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系): I don't know whether it is 英语关联词 —连接词 2 连接代词 1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和 定语 A who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词): I asked him who came into the / I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语: Ask him which he 英语关联词 —关联词 3 C whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定 语: I wonder whose house that D what 做上面提及的各种成分: I don't know what I should What can be done 2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语 We can't decide whom to We must decide what to I couldn't decide which to 英语关联词 —关联词 4 连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句 中做状语 1) how: That's how I look at 2) where: I don't know where he 3) when: Tell me when to use the 4) why: I'll tell you why you have to do 英语关联词 —关系词 1 关系代词 1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语 who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用 的介词): The man who spoke is my I don't know who he The man who I saw told me 2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语: The man whom I saw told me 英语关联词 —关系词 2 3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示 "某物的", 在从句中做定语: That's the man whose son is my The room whose window faces south is her The room of which the window faces south is her 英语关联词 —关系词 3 4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语: I like the picture which was taken in front of the main 5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注 意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法 A现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时: This is the best film that I've ever 英语关联词 —关系词 4 B先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时: the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, This is the last chance that you You are the only friend that I He told me all that he 英语关联词 —关系词 5 C 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时: much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, There's nothing in the world that can frighten D 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中 的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以 Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one that goes to London 英语关联词 —关系词 6 E人和事物/动物同为先行词时: The man and the horse that fell into the river were 6) 关系代词做介词宾语 A一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所 在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可 放在其所在的从句的句尾 Is this the car for which you paid a high price 英语关联词 —关系词 7 Is this the car which you paid a high price for Is this the car that you paid a high price for Is this the car you paid a high price for B介词during, except以及表示(从整体中) "分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关 系代词的前面: 英语关联词 —关系词 8 The years during which he was away were long years to He wrote many books, some of which C其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必 须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前: This is the book which he has been looking 7)关系代词的省略 A关系代词作宾语时: The girl I work with is 英语关联词 —关系词 9 Bhat在定语从句中做表语时: He is not the man that he was when I saw him He is not the man he was when I saw him 关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语 1)where 地点: That's one point where I'd like your 英语关联词 —关系词 10 2) when 时间: At the time when I saw him, he was 3) why 原因: That is the reason why I came so 4) that 方式/时间/原因 I like the way that /in which he did 英语关联词 —关系词 11 That was the first time (that) I saw The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to 5)in which/at which = where This is the school in which/at which/ where he 6)for which = why I don't the reason for which he 英语关联词 —关系词 12 7)on which = when The day on which she was born was 22 September,

英语写作中的常用句型汇总-113491-1-html第一部分 常用于引言段的句型的2类表达方式一、议论文常用句型 Itisafactthat… Itiswell-knownthat… Thereisnodoubtthat… Ithinkthat… Contrarytothepopularthought,Iprefer… Somepeoplesay/believe/claimthat… Itisgenerallybelievedthat… Itiswidelyacceptedthat… Itisargued/heldthat… Whileitiscommonlybelievedthat…,Ibelieve… Itcanbeconcludedthat… People’

国内一些较好的杂志,现在附了英文题目和摘要,目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果,各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念,present某个方法,propose某个主意,或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现,我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧,它不错;你说它对吧,又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说,只要中文摘要写得好,英文没有语法错,应该问题不大。  写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说,比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章,但是,实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写,写是最困难的。不过, 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报,如果他认为尚可,就下周到讨论班上报告,听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后,交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿,最后由他过目,才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生,离截稿日期只有一周,甚至几天,还让我帮他修改,这当然几乎不可能,投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出,实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对,应该用at gate level。我不服,他说你到人家论文上去找例子,看有谁用on。我找不到,这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用,必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好,就尽量用简单句,不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜,要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子,可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学,我还是建议先写中文稿,至少写中文提纲,然后再写英文稿。当然,英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇,基本上可以用英文思考了,再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病,供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章,列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全,但我有研究生论文的例子。  1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。  2。如果不用复数,必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。  3。逗号后面要空一格,句号后面空两格。少用;,:等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面,这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯,先说结论,接着是if如何如何。  4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词,后面却是一个动名词短语,中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止,例如,。。。has very important   6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时,即使引用人家的文章也用现在时,不用现在完成时或过去时。  7。不要滥用缩写,尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写,第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。  以上内容来自辑文编译

英语论文写作常用句型

不错的啊

自己写吧!

it's important for us to do sth well 做好某事对我们来说是重要的

初中英语重要句型集锦 句型1:There+be +主语+地点状语/时间状语 There's a boat in the river.河里有条船。 There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。 句型2:What's wrong with+sb./sth.? What's wrong with you?你怎么啦? What's wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病? 句型3:How do you like...? How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样? 句型4:What do you like about...? What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么? 句型5:had better(not)+动词原形 You'd better ask that policeman over there.你最好去问问那边的那个警察。 句型6:How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! What a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语! How cold it is today !今天多冷啊! What a fine picture it is!多美的一幅图画呀! 句型7:Thank+sb.+for(doing)sth. Thank you for coming to see me.感谢你来看我。 句型8:So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语 He is a student.So am I.他是一个学生,我也是。 句型9:...not...until... He didn't have supper until his parents came back.直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。 句型10:比较级+and+比较级 The baby cried harder and harder.那孩子哭得越来越厉害。 句型11:the +比较级,the +比较级 The more one has,the more one wants.越有越贪。 句型12:...as+adj./adv.+as... ...not as(so)+adj./adv.+as... Do you think that art is as important as music?你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗? Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today.上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。 句型13:more/less+adj.+than... I think English is more useful than Japanese.我认为英语比日语有用。 I think art is less important than music.我认为艺术不如音乐重要。 句型14:stop...from doing sth. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。 句型15:both...and... Both you and I are students.我和你都是学生。 句型16:either...or... Either you or he is wrong .不是你错就是他错。 句型17:neither...nor... Neither he nor I am a student.我和他都不是学生。 句型18:...as soon as... As soon as I see him,I'll give him the message.我一见到他,我就把你的消息告诉他。 句型19:...so+adj./adv.+that... I was so tired that I didn't want to speak.我累得连话也不想说了。 句型20:Though...+主句 Though I like writing to my pen-friend,it takes a lot of time.虽然我喜欢给笔友写信,但它要耗费我大量时间。 句型 21:be going to This afternoon I'm going to buy an English book.今天下午我要去买本英语书。 句型 22:be different from I think this is different from Chinese names.我认为这与汉语名字不同。 句型 23:Welcome(back)to... Welcome to Shenyang!欢迎到沈阳来! Welcome back to school!欢迎回到学校! 句型 24:have fun doing We're going to have fun learning and speaking English this term.这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。 句型 25:...because.../...,so... I don't know all your names because this is our first lesson.因为这是我们的第一节课,所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。 She was ill,so she didn't go to school.她生病了,因此没有上学。 句型 26:Why don't you...?/Why not...? Why don't you come to school a little earlier?为什么不早点到校呢? Why not join us?为什么不加入我们? 句型 27:make it Let's make it half past nine.让我们定在九点半吧! 句型 28:have nothing to do They have nothing to do every day.他们每天无所事事。 句型 29:be sure/be sure of/about sth./be sure to do sb. I think so,but I'm not sure.我想是这样,但不敢确定。 I was not sure of/about the way,so I asked someone.我对于怎么走没有把握,所以我问别人了。 It's sure to rain.必定会下雨。 句型 30:between...and... There is a shop between the hospital and the school.在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。 句型 31:keep sb./sth.+adj./V-ing/介词补语/adv. You must keep your classroom clean.你们必须保持教室干净。 Sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起,让你久等。 Can you keep him in the room ?你能让他在这个房里吗? Keep them here.让他们在这儿呆着。 句型 32:find +宾语+宾补 He finds it very hard to travel around the big city .他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。 句型 33:...not...anymore/longer The old man doesn't travel any more.这位老人不再旅行了。 He isn't a thief any longer.他不再是个贼。 句型 34:What's the weather like...? What's the weather like in spring in your hometown ?在你们家乡春天天气怎么样? 句型 35:There is no time to do/have no time to do There was no time to think.没有时间思考。 I have no time to go home for lunch.我没有时间回家吃午饭。 句型 36:Help oneself to... Help yourself to some fish.吃鱼吧! 句型 37:used to do I used to read this kind of story books.我过去常读这种故事书。 句型 38:borrow ...from I borrowed a book from him.我从他那借了一本书。 句型 39:lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb. He lent me a story book/He lent a story book to me.他借了本故事书给我。 句型 40:have been to Have you ever been to Haw aii?你曾去过夏威夷吗? 句型41:have gone to Where's he?He's gone to Washington.他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。 句型42:be famous for Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。 句型43:No matter +疑问句+主句 No matter when you come,you are welcomed.无论你们什么时候来,都受欢迎。 句型44:be afraid(of/todo/that...) I'm afraid not.恐怕不能。 Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。 He's afraid to go out at night.晚上他不敢出去。 I'm afraid that he can't come here tomorrow.恐怕他明天不能来这儿。 句型45:...as...as possible/...as...as sb.can I hope to see him as soon as possible.我希望能尽快见到他。 He ran here as fast as he could.他尽最大努力跑到这儿。 句型46:practise/enjoy/finish doing A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green.一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。 Tom enjoys playing football very much.汤姆很喜欢踢足球。 He finished reading the story book.他看完了那本故事书。 句型47:It's said that... It's said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。 句型48:Not all/everyone... Not all sharks are alike.并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。 Not everyone likes dumplings.并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。 句型49:be based on His argument is based on facts.他的论断是以事实为根据的。 句型50:...so that... Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight.把树放入洞穴中,让它立直。 句型51:be+num.+metres/kilometres/years...+long/wide/deep/high/old... The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long.绿色长城长7000公里。 The river is about 2 metres deep.这条河大约有2米深。 The boy is about 12 years old .这个男孩约12岁。 句型52:keep...from doing The heavy rain kept us from starting out.大雨阻止了我们出发。 句型53:with one's help... With Tom's help,I've come to America to study further.在汤姆的帮助下,我来到美国深造。 句型54:I don't think... I don't think any of them is interesting.我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。 句型55:What's the population of...? What's the population of Germany ?德国的人口有多少? 句型56:prefer to do...rather than do They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it.他们更喜欢买一辆新车,而不愿去修理它。 句型57:be worth(doing)... This book is worth reading.这本书值得读。 句型58:regard ...as They regarded their pets as members of their families.他们把宠物视为家庭成员。 句型59:be confident of I'm confident of success.我确信会成功。 句型60:seem to do/seem +adj./(介词短语) He seems to be angry.他似乎生气了。 The house seems too noisy.这房子似乎太吵了。 句型61:be angry with /about /at(doing) We're all very angry with ourselves.我们都很生自己的气。 I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。 I was angry at being kept waiting.这样一直等我很生气。 句型62:pay for/pay ...for He paid for the book and went away.他付完书款便离开了。 I paid him £200 for the painting.买这幅画我付了他200英镑。

英语写作议论文常用句型

英语写作35个经典句型一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词+ (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc) ~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词+ (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too (再怎么强调的重要性也不为过。)四、There is no denying that + S + V (不可否认的)五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道)六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的)七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子(的优点是)八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子(的原因是)九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词+ that + 句子(如此以致于)十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然)十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V~~~(愈愈)十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着,能够)十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (使能够)十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能)十五、It is time + S + 过去式(该是的时候了) 十六、Those who ~~~ (的人)十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不)十八、S+ be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不)十九、It is conceivable that + 句子(可想而知的) It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的) It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是的原因)二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式(过去年来,一直) 二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (是值得的。)二十四、be based on (以为基础)二十五、S+ spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事(让明白事)二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与息息相关)二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V (养成的习惯)二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为)三十、What a + A + N + S + V!= How + A + a + N + V!(多么!)三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)三十二、have a great influence on ~~~ (对有很大的影响)三十三、do good to (对有益),do harm to (对有害) 三十四、S+ pose a great threat to ~~ (对造成一大威胁) 三十五、S+ do one's utmost to + V = do one's best (尽全力去)更多的例句,可以去我的博客/zhangdanada1211

开头   Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s   最近,…问题已引起人们的关注  Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as   互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题  Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to   如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了  It is commonly believed that… / It is a common belief that…  人们一般认为…  Many people insist that…  很多人坚持认为…  With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…  随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…  A lot of people seem to think that…  很多人似乎认为…  引出不同观点:  People’s views on… vary from person to Some hold that… However, others believe that… 人们对…的观点因人而异有些人认为… 然而其他人却认为...  People may have different opinions on… 人们对…可能会有不同的见解  Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异  There are different opinions among people as to… 关于… 人们的观点大不相同  Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure) 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同  结尾  Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…  把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…  Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…  考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…  Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that…  因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…  There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as   毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点  All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would   总之,我们没有…是无法生活的但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题  提出建议:  It is high time that we put an end to the (trend) 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了  It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …  该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了  There is

1、With the society moving forward,more and more ……随着社会的发展,越来越多的……(你可以把社会换成其他的)2、Recent years have witnessed the fact It goes without saying that No one can deny the fact There is absolutely no reason to refuse As the coin has two sides,this thing is not an Young as she is,Only in this way can we It's obvious To one's delight/astonishment,As is known to us,I can assume 这些是我自己总结出来的比较常用的,基本上什么文体都能用上的。和你分享分享

写论文英语怎么表达

国内一些较好的杂志,现在附了英文题目和摘要,目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果,各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念,present某个方法,propose某个主意,或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现,我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧,它不错;你说它对吧,又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说,只要中文摘要写得好,英文没有语法错,应该问题不大。  写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说,比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章,但是,实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写,写是最困难的。不过, 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报,如果他认为尚可,就下周到讨论班上报告,听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后,交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿,最后由他过目,才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生,离截稿日期只有一周,甚至几天,还让我帮他修改,这当然几乎不可能,投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出,实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对,应该用at gate level。我不服,他说你到人家论文上去找例子,看有谁用on。我找不到,这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用,必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好,就尽量用简单句,不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜,要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子,可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学,我还是建议先写中文稿,至少写中文提纲,然后再写英文稿。当然,英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇,基本上可以用英文思考了,再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病,供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章,列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全,但我有研究生论文的例子。  1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。  2。如果不用复数,必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。  3。逗号后面要空一格,句号后面空两格。少用;,:等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面,这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯,先说结论,接着是if如何如何。  4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词,后面却是一个动名词短语,中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止,例如,。。。has very important   6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时,即使引用人家的文章也用现在时,不用现在完成时或过去时。  7。不要滥用缩写,尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写,第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。  以上内容来自辑文编译

论文(Paper)或:dissertation(论文)或:thesis(论文)经常说的:)~English dissertation(英语论文)Graduation thesis(毕业论文)

A Thesis Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of B A/B S in ***这是标准的学士学位毕业论文的说法,BA代表文学学士,BS代表理学学士,***处填上专业。

write dissertation,怎么,你要硕士毕业了吗?

英文论文常用的表达方式

外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师:XXX(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……(英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, … So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999) (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, … And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)… The differences between English idioms and Chinese 1 The characteristics of English idioms(正文章节序号编制:章的编号: ,, ,…;节的编号:1,2…,1,2…;小节的编号为:1, 2…。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号) … In conclusion, …2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms … Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose …1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) … …(ii) … … Conclusion …Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号)Sanved, The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C] New York: OUP, 常亮,“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》,1993,4:44。冯树健,“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》,1998,6:11。李光陵,“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》,2000,30:30。(论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:尾注:按照编号顺序。夹注:英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献,各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序,不用单独加序号或编号;每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符;5倍行距;另外,与文中的夹注一一对应;不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容)(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中)【摘 要】 汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂……  ……  ……(中文摘要:上空二行;题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符,方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距; 第二行起要顶格;字数约400字,约8-10行;)【关键词】 习语;对比;英语;汉语(中文关键词:题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距;各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后不空格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距)一、 基本格式:论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上,不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页:论文题名页上打印格式基本相近,中、英文对照,中文题目页在第一页,英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目,论文题目都用大写字母,下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大,再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称:论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页,中、英文对照,中文题目页在上,英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用宋体,小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号,加粗,关键字短语部分采用宋体,小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页,一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体,字号为三号,加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号,中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印,正文采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页(大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗)正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印,字体为Times New Roman小四。

据学术堂了解,英文表达有16种时态,论文中要用到的时态主要有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时一般现在时:主要用于不受时间限制的客观存在事实的描述,或发生或存在于写论文之时的感觉、状态、关系等的描述或致谢的表述等值得 注意的是,出于尊重,凡是他人已经发表的研究成果作为previously established knowledge,在引述时普遍都用一般现在时一般过去时:用于写论文中作者自己所做工作的描述例如描述自己的材料、方法和结果现在完成时:完成时少用现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来比如在介绍研究方法、分析某个问题或提出某个论证时,使用一般现在时在叙述对本人或他人近期的工作或认识时,采用一般过去时或过去完成时叙述结论或提出建议时,可使用一般现在时以及使用may,should,could等助动词例如,当提到本文、此图、此表等说明了、表达了什么时要用一般现在时,而不用一般过去时This paper describes The focus of this paper is Figure 1 shows Most of the mon condensation polymers are listed in Table 1-结论部分可以使用过去时强调过去的研究成果,采用现在时或将来时表达未来的研究方向或研究前景Although the study found evidence of tillage and irrigation within the study area,from the data collected it was not possible to determine if the effects of agriculture upstream cause (or caused) higher levels of total nitrogen Further studies are therefore necessary to determine the effects of agriculture on the health of Stringybark C

国内一些较好的杂志,现在附了英文题目和摘要,目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果,各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念,present某个方法,propose某个主意,或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现,我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧,它不错;你说它对吧,又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说,只要中文摘要写得好,英文没有语法错,应该问题不大。  写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说,比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章,但是,实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写,写是最困难的。不过, 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报,如果他认为尚可,就下周到讨论班上报告,听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后,交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿,最后由他过目,才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生,离截稿日期只有一周,甚至几天,还让我帮他修改,这当然几乎不可能,投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出,实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对,应该用at gate level。我不服,他说你到人家论文上去找例子,看有谁用on。我找不到,这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用,必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好,就尽量用简单句,不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜,要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子,可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学,我还是建议先写中文稿,至少写中文提纲,然后再写英文稿。当然,英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇,基本上可以用英文思考了,再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病,供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章,列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全,但我有研究生论文的例子。  1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。  2。如果不用复数,必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。  3。逗号后面要空一格,句号后面空两格。少用;,:等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面,这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯,先说结论,接着是if如何如何。  4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词,后面却是一个动名词短语,中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止,例如,。。。has very important   6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时,即使引用人家的文章也用现在时,不用现在完成时或过去时。  7。不要滥用缩写,尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写,第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。  以上内容来自辑文编译

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