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1、文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文， 它是科学文献的一种。 2、格式与写法 文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，特别是阳性结果，而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，在根据提纲进行撰写工。 前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。 主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。 总结部分，与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，对所综述的主题有研究的作者，最好能提出自己的见解。 参考文献虽然放在文末，但却是文献综述的重要组成部分。因为它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据，而且为读者深入探讨有关问题提供了文献查找线索。因此，应认真对待。参考文献的编排应条目清楚，查找方便，内容准确无误。关于参考文献的使用方法，录著项目及格式与研究论文相同，不再重复。
回答 污水处理一般流程：废水经过格栅、筛网后流、絮凝沉淀池、预曝气调节池、一级浮动填料生化池、二级浮动填料生化池、斜板沉淀池、混凝沉淀池后，最终斜板沉淀池排出的水流入清水池中，经检测后外排。 1、废水首先经过格栅、筛网后流至絮凝沉淀池,为了使处理效果好,在絮凝沉淀池中加入混凝剂,使废水中悬浮物治理效果更好,混凝加药也起到调节废水的作用絮凝沉淀后的废水流入预曝气调节池中。 2、曝气调节池中通入空气,起到预曝气调节的作用调节均匀的废水用泵提升到一级浮动填料生化池中。 3、生化池中安装充氧效率很高的曝气头,并装入浮动填料,实践证明该项技术对COD和BOD有较高的去除效率一级浮动填料生化池中废水自流入二级浮动填料生化池,二池采用方法相同。 4、二级浮动填料生化池水自流入斜板沉淀池中池中加入聚丙烯蜂窝斜管,可大大提高沉降效率,另外水力负荷高,停留时间短,占地面积小。 5、混凝沉淀池与斜板沉淀池沉淀污泥排入污泥浓缩池中,然后经污泥脱水机械脱水。6、斜板沉淀池排出的水流入清水池中,经检测后外排。 提问 有没有实操教学视频 回答 抱歉，这个无法发送视频 更多12条
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不知道你是用来干嘛的,说明原因也许可以帮忙 答案补充 抱歉,这个忙只有自己去做深入的调查和研究才可以写出的,如果连这个都需要人帮忙的话,那以后你还能做什么?小朋友自己动手
污水处理厂是从污染源排出的污（废）水，因含污染物总量或浓度较高，达不到排放标准要求或不适应环境容量要求，从而降低水环境质量和功能目标时，必需经过人工强化处理的场所。一般分为城市集中污水处理厂和各污染源分散污水处理厂，处理后排入水体或城市管道。有时为了回收循环利用废水资源，需要提高处理后出水水质时则需建设污水回用或循环利用污水处理厂。
可以，我是搞排水的，我容易吗我，大半夜 的
MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT STADIUM 给排水设计 饮用水和污水 Sanitary Design Water and sewage water 设计基础 - 甲方提供的设计任务书和市政管网综合图 - 建筑专业提供的条件图 - 国家现行的设计规范及有关规定设计简章 Design bases Design Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the Condition drawings from architectural Current national design codes and related stipulations 给水系统 通过一根DN200的进水管将水引入水表安装在进水管上,离红线1米处供水管在红线内连成环路管网,并接到供应楼的消防水池和给排水水池由环路管网向必需的室外消火栓和绿化带的喷淋器供水 Water supply system For water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 0 m away from the red The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop 设计范围 包括红线内的饮用水,污水,雨水,建筑消防 Design scope Design scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red 给排水水池与消防水池分开,容量为100m3 体操馆供水管埋地敷设 Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the 用水量标准 - 体育馆: 15升/顾客·日 K=0 - 宾馆: 150升/人·日 K=0 - 餐厅: 50升/顾客·日 K=0 - 工作人员: 25升/人·日 K=0 - 地面冲洗用水: 3升/m2日 - 冷却塔补水量:按用水量的2%计 - 未预见水量: 按日用水量20%计 - 消防用水: 消火栓:室内40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火灾延续时间为3小时; 自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间为1小时 卷帘水幕用水5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间为3小时; Water consumption standard - Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=0 - Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=0 - Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=0 - Staff 25L/person·day K=0 - Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·day Make-up water for cooling tower: 2% of the actual cold water Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the daily water Water for fire protection Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire duration time is 3h; Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration time is 1h; Drencher for rolling shutter: 5L/s·m, fire duration time is 3h; 在适当的位置设置饮用水机,在主进口为残障人设置两个饮用水机为此饮用水系统安装循环泵机房 设在地下室的水除了机房当饮用水机不被使用时,应排空,以免水质腐败 在客房和餐厅内设置电热水器,同时亦为热水供应设置循环泵 在更衣间旁设置电热水器,为淋浴和洗盥供应热水 为楼板清洁安装一定数量的水龙头 Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot water circulating pumps will be provided for supplying hot Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and Certain number of water taps are installed for floor- 用水量 最大日用水量:200m3/日 最大时用水量:220m3/时 Water consumption demand Maximum daily water consumption: 200m3/day Maximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour 却循环系统 冷却水循环系统采用机械循环系统总冷却水用量为460m3/在供应楼顶设置三台超低噪音冷却塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h)进水温度37Co,出水温度32Co 补充水量 9,6 m3/补充水由市政供水网直接提供 Cooling water circulation system There are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/ On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/ Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal 在消防泵房内有消火栓泵(一个运行,一个备用),喷淋泵(一个运行,一个备用),卷帘雨淋泵(一个运行,一个备用)用于地下车库的泡沫喷淋设备,如报警阀,泡沫压缩罐,化学药剂泵安装在消防设备中心0m3 消防水箱和消防稳压装置分别安装在车库的四面墙 In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby) Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, are provided in fire equipment Four 0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the 消防用水 消火栓:室内按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火灾延续时间按3个小时计 自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间按1小时计 卷帘水幕用水量 5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间按3个小时计 消火栓:室内,室外用水量皆为756m3; 自动喷洒用水量为2 m3; 卷帘水幕用水量为 270m3; 一次火灾用水量为861,2; Water for fire protection Water consumption standard for fire protection Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire duration is 3h Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration is 1h Drencher for rolling shutter: 5L/s·m, fire duration is 3h Water consumption for fire protection Hydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively Sprinkler: 2 m3 Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3 Water consumption for one fire: 105,2 m3 消火栓的布置 在整个建筑物内沿墙,沿柱,沿走廊,风塔上及楼梯附近设有必要数量的室内消火栓,消火栓间距小于30米消火栓管网水平,竖向皆成环状布置,消火栓箱内配有DN65消火栓一支,25米衬胶水龙带一条,φ19毫米喷咀水枪一支,并配消防卷盘(DN25消火栓一支,30米胶管,φ9毫米喷咀水枪一支)且设有可直接启动消火栓泵的按钮;在室内消火栓箱下设有磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器箱室内消火栓系统在室外设有三组水泵接合器 Hydrant arrangement Necessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant 消防系统 防水泵房及消防水池 供水管DN200在红线内连成环路管网,管网上安装 一定数量的消火栓两根DN200供水管分别引入供应楼内两个消防泵房内的消防水池消防水池总容量不应小于4000m3, 每个为 Fire protection system Water pump room and water pool for fire protection The lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are Two water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 自动喷淋系统 自动喷淋系统安装在全建筑范围,除了室外和高于10 米的房间喷淋泵安装在地下的消防泵房内报警阀设置在地下的消防泵房内和中间的消防设备中心内,水流显示器设在每个防火分区内 Sprinkler system Sprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire 除了安装一个封闭喷淋系统,将为地下车库设置一个泡沫喷淋系统餐厅内安装93oC启动的自动喷淋头,但在其它房间,仅安装93oC启动的普通和快速反应自动喷淋头三组泵接合器安装在室外 Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed 排水系统 为排水系统设置污水主立管和特别垂直排气管排气管与污水管在每层连接,污水排出体操馆餐厅的污水首先在油脂分离池中处理,然后排入室外排水网给排水污水将被在化粪池收集和处理,然后排入市政排水管网化粪池在输送区旁最大天排水量为870m3/天 Drainage system Main vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank, then drained into the municipal The septic tanks are located besides the Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/ 卷帘水幕系统 地下车库设置有卷帘水幕系统水幕泵安装在消防水泵房内,采用开式雨淋头,电动或手动控制十组泵接合器安装在室外 Drencher system for rolling shutters Rolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this 地下室内污水设有污水坑,废水设有废水坑,生活污水,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外排水管网,潜污泵的启停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制 地下汽车库废水设有废水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外,经隔油池处理后排入室外雨水管网 There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater 在柴油发电机房,变配电房和通讯设备机房设低压二氧化碳气体灭火系统 Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment 在本建筑内按"建筑灭火器配置设计规范"在每个消火栓箱下设手提式灭火器箱,箱内设有必要数量的磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器 According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant 在每个消防电梯井底旁设有消防排水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外 Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the 雨水系统 雨水排水屋顶采用压力流排水 雨水设计重现期按P=10年计算,降雨历时为5分钟,暴雨强度公式按Q=002(1+568lgP)/(t+983)465计算 沿柱在屋面设置雨水沟雨水通过雨水沟收集,然后进入雨水头和下排管,然后到室外雨水观察井 Rainwater system Pressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall duration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula: Q=002(1+568lgT)/(t+983)465 Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection 管材 - 生活给水管,冷却塔补水管采用铜管,氩弧焊接 - 直饮水管采用不锈管 - 消火栓管,冷却循环管,水幕管,水泵吸水管采用焊接钢管,焊接 - 自动喷洒水管,雨淋水管采用热镀锌钢管,丝扣连接或卡压连接 -二氧化碳管采用无缝钢管焊接 - 地下车库泡沫喷淋水管采用不锈钢管,卡压连接 Pipe material Copper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground 当雨水两超出雨水沟设计量时,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放雨水被收集,然后排入市政集水池 When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch 围绕体育馆的循环池将用于喷洒运动场和作为室外绿化带的储水池 此池将作为一个循环过滤设施,可容水约500 m 喷洒压力设备和其它必须的过滤设备安装在供应楼里 The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield and as reservoir for outdoor The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 500 m The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply 0 制冷 0 Cooling 冷源: 空调冷负荷(估算): 本工程建筑面积共000平方米,包括观众区,休息室,更衣室,小会议室,餐厅,办公室和其它附属房空调设计日峰值冷负荷为4MW,设计日总冷负荷为3 kW Refrigerating source Cooling load of air conditioning system Total floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW 每台1200kW制冷机配一台 流量为206m3/h离心泵各配一台备用泵 一次泵采用压差旁路控制 通过埋地敷管,向游泳体操馆供应冷冻水 A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pump Via earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be 冷源的选择: 根据建筑的实际情况,3台制冷机将安装在供应楼内的冷冻机房设计容量为4800kW 为了实现能量的效率化使用,设计方案为,1台制冷机的出力为总设计容量的50%而另2 台每台出力为总设计容量的25% 冷冻水系统的主要设备包括3台电动制冷机,一级冷冻泵,二级冷冻泵,自动控制阀等等冷冻水的供/回水温度为-7/ 12°C Selection of refrigerating source According to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C 二次泵系统:根据使用功能,各制冷机房又分成不同的循环支路 二次泵采用变频调速控制根据负荷侧供回水管的压差,控制水泵的转速 二次泵循环支路的管道采用异程式 Secondary pump system: Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps 空调冷冻水系统 由于本工程占地面积大,功能复杂,有连续使用,也有间歇使用,为了达到运行灵活,节能的目的,空调冷冻水系统采用两管制二次泵系统 Chilled water system Due to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump 管材: 水管采用焊接钢管及无缝钢管 本工程的风管除土建风道外,均采用镀锌铁皮咬口制作每节风管之间用法兰连接 Pipe and duct materials The water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel Air ducts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except ducts by civil Air ducts are connected together by 一次泵系统: 供应楼冷冻机房 2400kW制冷机配一台离心泵, 流量为412m3/配一台备用泵 Primary pump system: Chiller room supply building A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one 保温材料: 空调供,回水管,冷凝水管采用酚醛管壳保温 空调送,回风管以及处理后的新风管采用外贴铝箔的离心玻璃棉板保温 - 管道穿防火墙的空隙处采用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充 Thermal materials phenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return ducts as well as fresh air ducts after Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the ducts go 消声与隔振: 冷水机组,水泵等设备采用减振台座,弹簧减振器或橡胶减振垫减振降噪 在空调机组,新风机组,通风机的进出口采用涂胶帆布软管连接 - 水泵进出水管上采用可曲挠橡胶接头,使设备振动与配管隔离 Noise reduction and vibration isolation Shock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to reduce vibration and lower Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their 0空调和通风系统 0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems 方案设计范围 Scope of schematic design 空调设计 Air Conditioning Design 在体育馆内,一些区域设置空调系统这些区域划分为: 西侧地下二层的贵宾休息室 东侧地下二层酒店门廊 地下一层的输送区,技术机房,运动员更衣间,医务服务,热身区,裁判区,健身中心,酒店大堂,会议室,厨房,特许区和贵宾大堂混合区 首层的酒店大堂,酒店区,贵宾门廊,急救 In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are These ranges subdivide themselves as follows: VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2 Hotel lobby in the east of level –2 Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1 Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0
污水处理厂是从污染源排出的污（废）水，因含污染物总量或浓度较高，达不到排放标准要求或不适应环境容量要求，从而降低水环境质量和功能目标时，必需经过人工强化处理的场所。一般分为城市集中污水处理厂和各污染源分散污水处理厂，处理后排入水体或城市管道。有时为了回收循环利用废水资源，需要提高处理后出水水质时则需建设污水回用或循环利用污水处理厂。处理厂的处理工艺流程是有各种常用或特殊的水处理方法优化组合而成的，包括各种物理法、化学法和生物法，要求技术先进，经济合理，费用最省。设计时必须贯彻当前国家的各项建设方针和政策。因此，从处理深度上，污水处理厂可能是一级、二级、三级或深度处理工艺。污水处理厂设计包括各种不同处理的构筑物，附属建筑物，管道的平面和高程设计并进行道路、绿化、管道综合、厂区给排水、污泥处置及处理系统管理自动化等设计，以保证污水处理厂达到处理效果稳定，满足设计要求，运行管理方便，技术先进，投资运行费用省等各种要求。
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