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B2B eMarketplaceAnnouncements and Shareholder WealthThe advent of the Internet as an instrument for business commerce has fundamentally altered the economy by ushering in increased efficiencies and more transparent Since businesses started conducting Internet transactions in 1995,the growth has been Forrester Research estimates that worldwide electronic commerce(e-commerce)revenues were about$650 billion in 2000 and projects they will grow to$8 trillion by The greatest impact is in the businessto-business(B2B)sector,where new supply chain models within electronic marketplaces (eMarketplaces)enable companies to significantly lower procurement costs and increase operating B2B eMarketplaces streamline the supply chain by making better use of more The time it takes to match buyers and sellers can be radically reduced,precautionary inventory levels can be lowered,and the range of potential suppliers and distribution outlets can be expanded as geographic boundaries Projections of online B2B revenues differ vastly,primarily because defining what counts and how to count it varies But despite these differences,forecasters agree that online B2B trade will grow B2B e-commerce is generally believed to account for about 80 to 90 percent of total e-commerce Forecasts typically project USline B2B revenues of about$2 trillion by 2003,up from roughly$336 billion in B2B e-commerce is expected to impact the USy Brookes and Wahhaj(2000)argue that the rapid growth of B2B e-commerce will have an economic impact over and above that of the normal process of innovation and productivity They suggest that as a result of B2B e-commerce,annual GDP growth in the large industrialized countries should rise an average 25 percent for the next ten years—with the level of GDP eventually 5 percent higher than it would otherwise have Brookes and Wahhaj conclude that the dominant long-run effect of B2B e-commerce will be on output and equity markets,rather than on inflation and bond 全文内容省略Investors should respond favorably to announcements of new B2B e-commerce initiatives,as long as they believe these moves will ultimately result in higher profits and increased productivity without fueling We examine the potential impact of B2B e-commerce initiatives on the New Economy paradigm using the efficient markets hypothesis(Fama et 1969),which implies stock prices reflect all available information about individual companies and about the economy as a Information is the key So in efficient capital markets,prices will immediately adjust to reflect any new Thus,B2B e-commerce announcements should immediately raise stock prices if investors believe a firm’s value will be increased by higher net future cash flows resulting from higher productivity,lower costs, or higher
Based on single-chip simulation intelligent delivery device system physics and Electronic Information Engineering College of Electronic Information Engineering Specialty Instructor 08: Xie Chunmao pick to : the subjects come from the2011 country Nobunaga day cup microcontroller design and development of simulation examination The intelligent transport system is the simulation of transport equipment in the transmission device, the main chip AT89S52as the main control chip, the four digital tube display circuit displays" goods" weight, analog to digital conversion circuit for8 bit analog-to-digital conversion, EEPROM storage circuits for storing cargo weight data, the buzzer for the overweight alarm, key control circuit control system start, reset, search, flip and transmission direction, can realize the weight of goods inspection, changing device transfer direction, overweight and overweight alarm record Keywords: intelligent AT89S52; simulation; transmission system The
HDB3 code (ie, high density bipolar order code) is a modern transport system, one of the most common pattern, applied very The main contents of this paper is based on the CPLD's HDB3 encoder First on the HDB3 code and CPLD applications and current research introduced; then use the software on this article and the VHDL language MaxPlusII brief; last detailed analysis of the HDB3 code coding principle and method of using VHDL By coding HDB3 code theory, this paper's design on HDB3 Encoder Design is divided into three modules step by step implementation (plug-V module modeling and implementation, modeling and implementation modules make up B, polar transformation Module Modeling and Implementation) After completion of the design elements, software MaxPlus2 on the simulation test results obtained with the initial design of the idea of line, so simulation is correct, complete CPLD-based design HDB3 E
B2B eMarketplaceAnnouncements and Shareholder WealthThe advent of the Internet as an instrument for business commerce has fundamentally altered the economy by ushering in increased efficiencies and more transparent Since businesses started conducting Internet transactions in 1995,the growth has been Forrester Research estimates that worldwide electronic commerce(e-commerce)revenues were about$650 billion in 2000 and projects they will grow to$8 trillion by The greatest impact is in the businessto-business(B2B)sector,where new supply chain models within electronic marketplaces (eMarketplaces)enable companies to significantly lower procurement costs and increase operating B2B eMarketplaces streamline the supply chain by making better use of more The time it takes to match buyers and sellers can be radically reduced,precautionary inventory levels can be lowered,and the range of potential suppliers and distribution outlets can be expanded as geographic boundaries Projections of online B2B revenues differ vastly,primarily because defining what counts and how to count it varies But despite these differences,forecasters agree that online B2B trade will grow B2B e-commerce is generally believed to account for about 80 to 90 percent of total e-commerce Forecasts typically project USline B2B revenues of about$2 trillion by 2003,up from roughly$336 billion in B2B e-commerce is expected to impact the USy Brookes and Wahhaj(2000)argue that the rapid growth of B2B e-commerce will have an economic impact over and above that of the normal process of innovation and productivity They suggest that as a result of B2B e-commerce,annual GDP growth in the large industrialized countries should rise an average 25 percent for the next ten years—with the level of GDP eventually 5 percent higher than it would otherwise have Brookes and Wahhaj conclude that the dominant long-run effect of B2B e-commerce will be on output and equity markets,rather than on inflation and bond 全文内容省略Investors should respond favorably to announcements of new B2B e-commerce initiatives,as long as they believe these moves will ultimately result in higher profits and increased productivity without fueling We examine the potential impact of B2B e-commerce initiatives on the New Economy paradigm using the efficient markets hypothesis(Fama et 1969),which implies stock prices reflect all available information about individual companies and about the economy as a Information is the key So in efficient capital markets,prices will immediately adjust to reflect any new Thus,B2B e-commerce announcements should immediately raise stock prices if investors believe a firm’s value will be increased by higher net future cash flows resulting from higher productivity,lower costs, or higher
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最低工资委员会的操作数=2渠道和采样率=1财政司司长/>对每个通道，所以它的方法的最小速度2nb。先进的配置使附加硬件储蓄所倒塌的分行数目的一个因素，问为代价的增加，每个通道采样率由同一因素[ 109]。选择周期函数皮（吨）是灵活的：最高的狄拉克频率超过25。原则上，任何周期函数与高速内过渡的时期可以满足这一要求。一个可能的选择皮（吨）是一个注册交替作用，米=2+ 1符号间隔在期[ 109，161 ]。不完美的标志还允许只要维持周期是[ 9 ]。此属性是至关重要的准确标志交替高速度是极难维持，而简单的硬件接线确保皮（吨）=π（吨+普瑞尔）每2R波形皮（吨）需要低相互相关为了捕捉不同的混合物的光谱。流行的二进制模式，例如，黄金或kasami序列，尤其适用于康复[ 161]。另一个重要方面是，低通滤波器的实用设计过滤器小时（吨）不一定是理想的。一个非平坦的频率响应可以补偿在数字域，使用方法[ 162]。
A Low-Cost and Low-Power CMOS Receiver Front-End for MB-OFDM Ultra-Wideband Systems要该文全文，更换别的论文，或要中英文对照都可以找我Mahim Ranjan, Member, IEEE, and Lawrence E Larson, Fellow, IEEE0Abstract—This paper presents an RF receiver front-end for MB-OFDM-based ultra-wideband (UWB) The receiver occupies only 35 in a 18 CMOS process and consists of a low-noise amplifier, downconverter and a bandpass There are no on-chip inductors and the receiver requires no off-chip matching The measured receiver gain is 21 dB, noise figure is less than 6 dB, input IIP3 is 6 dBm, and the receiver consumes 5 mA from a 3 V The receivercovers all the MB-OFDM bands from 1 to 8 GHIndex Terms—CMOS, distortion, OFDM, receiver, ultra wideband, UWBI INTRODUCTIONULTRA-WIDEBAND (UWB)multi-band orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) systems have been proposed as an emerging solution to wireless communicationapplications requiring high data rates (up to 480 Mb/s) over short In one proposed version [1], the carrier, with a bandwidth of 528 MHz, can hop to one of 14 channels（2904+528n,n=123…14）, divided into four groups of three channels and one group of two This representative time-frequency interleaving for a Group 1-only systemis depicted in F Design of a receiver for such a systempresents many challenges due to the wide bandwidth of the RF front- However, to assure the widest possible adoption, RF portions of these systems should consume little DC power and die area, and be implemented in a standard CMOS These last requirements argue against the use of on-chip inductors wherever Since theUWBfront-end intrinsically possesses a wide bandwidth, it is open to reception of undesired narrowband signals such as 11 a/b/g and the recently proposedWiMAX [2] systems, as shown in F Although OFDM systems are less susceptible to relatively narrowband jammers, nonlinearities in the receiver can result in jammer cross-modulation with wideband input signals, resulting in reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a degradation in system performance [3] In addition, received wideband signals (from other UWB transmitters) can intermodulate and the resulting products can land in a desired Since the system is inherently wideband, harmonic distortion of a single unwanted UWB transmitter can also produce in-band distortion products and reduce the SNR For the system to successfully operate in such a hostile environment, the linearity specifications of the receiver need to include these distortion F Representative time-frequency interleaving pattern of a Group 1MB-OFDM signal [1] F Representative spectrum at an MB-OFDM receiver This paper describes a UWB heterodyne receiver front-end that is designed to minimize the effects of wideband jammers from a variety of undesired sources [4] In addition, the receiver is designed to minimize silicon area, so on-chip inductors are not The receiver architecture is presented in Section II Specifications for the receiver are derived in Section III Detailed block design is presented in Sections IV–VI Layout and packaging of the chip is discussed in Section VII Measured results are presented in Section VIII, followed by a conclusion in Section IXII RECEIVER ARCHITECTUREWhen it comes to designing a low-power and low-cost receiver, the traditional choice is a direct conversion However, a direct conversion UWBreceiver, while attractive for power consumption and simplicity of its local oscillator (LO) scheme [5], [6], has a well-known problem of time-varying DC offset and sensitivity to narrowband A DC offset at the output of the receiver can degrade the SNR of the digitized baseband In addition, it can introduce second-order distortion in the baseband signal, which further degrades the SNR A Low-Cost and Low-Power CMOS Receiver Front-End for MB-OFDM Ultra-Wideband SystemsMahim Ranjan, Member, IEEE, and Lawrence E Larson, Fellow, IEEE0Abstract—This paper presents an RF receiver front-end for MB-OFDM-based ultra-wideband (UWB) The receiver occupies only 35 in a 18 CMOS process and consists of a low-noise amplifier, downconverter and a bandpass There are no on-chip inductors and the receiver requires no off-chip matching The measured receiver gain is 21 dB, noise figure is less than 6 dB, input IIP3 is 6 dBm, and the receiver consumes 5 mA from a 3 V The receivercovers all the MB-OFDM bands from 1 to 8 GHIndex Terms—CMOS, distortion, OFDM, receiver, ultra wideband, UWBI INTRODUCTIONULTRA-WIDEBAND (UWB)multi-band orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) systems have been proposed as an emerging solution to wireless communicationapplications requiring high data rates (up to 480 Mb/s) over short In one proposed version [1], the carrier, with a bandwidth of 528 MHz, can hop to one of 14 channels（2904+528n,n=123…14）, divided into four groups of three channels and one group of two This representative time-frequency interleaving for a Group 1-only systemis depicted in F Design of a receiver for such a systempresents many challenges due to the wide bandwidth of the RF front- However, to assure the widest possible adoption, RF portions of these systems should consume little DC power and die area, and be implemented in a standard CMOS These last requirements argue against the use of on-chip inductors wherever Since theUWBfront-end intrinsically possesses a wide bandwidth, it is open to reception of undesired narrowband signals such as 11 a/b/g and the recently proposedWiMAX [2] systems, as shown in F Although OFDM systems are less susceptible to relatively narrowband jammers, nonlinearities in the receiver can result in jammer cross-modulation with wideband input signals, resulting in reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a degradation in system performance [3] In addition, received wideband signals (from other UWB transmitters) can intermodulate and the resulting products can land in a desired Since the system is inherently wideband, harmonic distortion of a single unwanted UWB transmitter can also produce in-band distortion products and reduce the SNR For the system to successfully operate in such a hostile environment, the linearity specifications of the receiver need to include these distortion
HDB3 yards ( third-order high-density dual polarity yards) is the most commonly used in modern transmission system is one of the MaXing, is widely This study is based on the main content of the HDB3 yards encoder CPLD device First of HDB3 yards and CPLD application and research status were introduced, This paper used to MaxPlusII and VHDL language software, Finally HDB3 yards are analyzed in detail by VHDL language encoding principle and realization Based on the principle of coding HDB3 yards, the paper analyzes the design scheme of HDB3 code design mainly divided into three coder realized module ( insert V module, modeling and realize the modeling and realization, B module modeling and realize polarity transform module) After completion, the software design in the simulation, MaxPlus2 test results and the design idea of early, so right, completed based on simulation HDB3 code design of CPLD
PickHDB3 yards ( third-order high-density dual polarity yards) is the most commonly used in modern transmission system is one of the MaXing, is widely This study is based on the main content of the HDB3 yards encoder CPLD device First of HDB3 yards and CPLD application and research status were introduced, This paper used to MaxPlusII and VHDL language software, Finally HDB3 yards are analyzed in detail by VHDL language encoding principle and realization Based on the principle of coding HDB3 yards, the paper analyzes the design scheme of HDB3 code design mainly divided into three coder realized module ( insert V module, modeling and realize the modeling and realization, B module modeling and realize polarity transform module) After completion, the software design in the simulation, MaxPlus2 test results and the design idea of early, so right, completed based on simulation HDB3 code design of CPLD Keywords: HDB3, VHDL, Polarity transformation
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