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On the Castle of Chillon (by George Byron)Eternal Spirit of the chainless Mind!Brightest in dungeons, Liberty! thou art,For there thy habitation is the heart—The heart which love of Thee alone can And when thy sons to fetters are consign'd,To fetters, and the damp vault's dayless gloom,Their country conquers with their martyrdom,And Freedom's fame finds wings on every Chillon! thy prison is a holy placeAnd thy sad floor an altar---for 'twas trod,Until his very steps have left a traceWorn as if thy cold pavement were a sod,By Bonnivard! ---May none those marks efface!For they appeal from tyranny to G《在夏兰城堡》（拜伦）你磅礴的精神之永恒的幽灵！自由呵，你在地牢里才最灿烂！因为在那儿你居于人的心间－那心呵，它只听命对你的爱情；当你的信徒们被带上了枷锁，在暗无天日的地牢里牺牲，他们的祖国因此受人尊敬，自由的声誉随着每阵风传播。夏兰！你的监狱成了一隅圣地，你阴郁的地面变成了神坛，因为伯尼瓦尔在那里走来走去印下深痕，仿佛你冰冷的石板是生草的泥土！别涂去那足迹1因为它在暴政下向上帝求援。
A framework of information technology-based agriculture information dissemination system to improve crop productivity 一种基于用于提高作物产量的农业信息传播系统的信息技术框架 CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL 88, NO 12, 25 JUNE 2005 当代科学，第88卷，第12号，2005年6月25日 P Krishna Reddy* and R Ankaiah 作者（印度）介绍 P Krishna Reddy is in the International Institute of Information Technology,Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 019, India; R Ankaiah is in the National Seed Project, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad 500 030, I ~pkreddy/pkreddypapers/CurrentSpdf AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AND DECISION SUPPORT BY SMS 基于SMS的农业信息和决策支持 Allan Leck Jensen, AllanLJensen@AgrSdk Iver Thysen, IThysen@AgrSdk Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foulum, Denmark 丹麦国家农业研究院 A A warning system where up-to-date and local agricultural information is communicated by SMS is The system has two types of warnings: Push-type warnings are sent regularly or when certain criteria are met, as specified by the user, while pull-type warnings are sent on the user’s request by SMS A web-based DSS, which require data updated frequently by the user, has been enabled for operation by SMS Applying widely distributed and well-known technology, the SMS systems make information and decision support available to the farmer whenever he needs it and wherever he The paper describes the SMS systems and analyses the uptake by Nordic Journal of African Studies 15(2): 199–205 (2006) 非洲研究 Multilinguality of Farm Broadcast and Agricultural Information Access in Nigeria 尼日利亚的多种语言沟通的农场广播和农业信息获取 OLADIMEJI IDOWU OLADELE University of Ibadan, Nigeria ABSTRACT： This paper examines the effect of the multilingual farm broadcast on the access to agricultural information in N Farm broadcast programmes on radio and television were compiled and the language of presentation examined for each of the The diversity of the languages in Nigeria presupposes that for farmers to have access to agricultural information through the radio and television, the language of presentation has to be based on that of the The study recommends that information sources to farmers should explore multilingual sources to ensure farmers’ access to agricultural Keywords: Multilinguality, agricultural information access, Nigeria, farm broadcast -files/vol15num2/pdf 还有荷兰农业和乡村合作技术中心（CTA)关于非洲农业信息报告，237页。未附
The Industrialization of Agriculture:Policy, Research, and Education Needs DRIVING INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GRAIN INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES Present Situation of the Industrialization and Development _science/071/pdfFarm Policy in an Industrialized Agriculture~jab/Library/M00-pdfAgriculture, and developmen on the Road to Industrialization更多：用google搜索industrialization agriculture filetype:pdf用google学术搜索：-CN&lr=
Adjustment of agricultural structure, characteristics of the western region to speed up the development of agriculture 【Abstract】 implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of agriculture with characteristics Samangan province have provided favorable opportunities and broader space, this article from the analysis of Gansu Province, the implementation of the importance of agriculture with characteristics and the main features of the market potential of agricultural products start to understand the characteristics of Gansu Province characteristics of agricultural production and put forward the implementation of special agriculture in Gansu Province of the countermeasures and 【Key words】 western characteristic agriculture Gansu province is located in China's western region is a vast region, is included in the national development of the western region the concept of one of 12 provinces and municipalities and autonomous regions, serious soil erosion, land desertification, water shortages, destruction of vegetation, forest grassland degradation Gansu province is a major eco-environmental problems, industrial pollution in the city after-effects of economic Gansu Province, the fragile ecological environment will not only hinder further development of regional economy, but also the future of the living environment has become a major All this has its crux of the problem: the history of long-term low levels of productivity and ecological fragility of both cause and effect; "too much emphasis on food self-sufficiency" model of development led to forest destruction and soil erosion; economic construction does not follow the law of the ecological environment, ecological construction technology support the weak; institutional fragmentation, so that ecological protection and construction of the measures can hardly be Characteristics of agriculture refers to the unique resources, clear regional characteristics, a special product quality and specific consumer market of agricultural Gansu Province, a vast territory, light, heat, water, soil is rich in resources, species diversity, with the development of agriculture with characteristics and potential After years of development, characteristics of Gansu Province has been a foundation of Implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province provided favorable opportunities and broader At present, we should seize the opportunity, clear thinking, focus, work out measures to speed up the characteristics of agricultural development in Gansu Province 1, the development of Gansu Province, the importance of agriculture with characteristics 1 The development of characteristic agriculture is implementing the western development strategy will focus on the Agriculture is the basis for developing the western region and an important Characteristics of agriculture is the focus of agricultural development in the western Characteristics through the development of agriculture, strengthening infrastructure construction, improve production conditions, enhance productive capacity, can further strengthen agriculture as the foundation of Gansu Province to speed up agricultural and rural economic development pace for the development of Gansu's economy and narrow the gap between east and west to create the 2 is the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province strategic adjustment of agricultural structure of the main direction of The use of Gansu Province, rich in agricultural resources, in line with local conditions and characteristics of agricultural and industrial development, nurturing characteristics with the western industrial belt of agricultural and industrial groups, agricultural resources can achieve a multi-level, multi-channel development and utilization to meet the diversification and high quality market demand is conducive to opening up new market space, Gansu Province, to promote the agricultural structure optimization and Gansu, the main features of the development potential of agricultural products and market demand analysis From the distribution of agricultural products and market demand, both in terms of Gansu Province, with resources and potential for development of agricultural resources are mainly concentrated in the food, medicinal herbs, fruit and livestock products 1, food In 2002 the province's grain sown area of 3943 mu, 83 million tons grain Between regions in food production that there are clear regional differences, good natural conditions in the plain areas and to take intensive intensive methods of production inputs are also relatively large, thus the per capita grain output was significantly higher than other Per capita food expenditure from the situation, the year the total income per capita grain 92 kilograms, 24 kilograms of total Main per capita consumption of 45 kilograms of grain (including 89 kilograms of wheat, representing the main food consumed 37%), 75 kilograms of grain feed, 72 kilograms of seed Help Gansu food consumption is still in a state of equilibrium tightness, food as the mainstay of rural food consumption status has not been any big With the gradual deepening of reform and opening-up and join the WTO, the current international market prices tend to decline, while China's grain production costs are generally upward The short term a significant increase in land productivity may be low, China's comparative advantage in grain production continued to In addition China's wheat import market of the United States and European Union countries in the Uruguay Round negotiations, reached an agreement to reduce subsidies, which means that China can no longer own the market of imports from these relatively low over the past price of wheat to China to take measures to raise the level of food self-sufficiency and reduce food As the grain in Gansu Province larger share of agricultural products, the impact of lower prices to become the province's agricultural prices decline in the overall level of the main 2, economic crops In the economic crops, the potential for greater processing Chinese herbal medicines, medicinal herbs market in the country occupies a pivotal role, medicines rough year more than 11,000 tons, 3270 tons of proprietary Chinese Five Angelica is in Gansu Province is the largest varieties of medicinal herbs, over the years has been in a tight pin, and annual production of more than 4 thousand tons, the volume of 27,300 tons of goods, export volume of 1509 At present, the formation of their own as the mainstay of rural Danggui market Minxian Xiguan, Meichuan, Dangchang hada Shop, of the rationale for Sichuan, Zhangxian Chengguan, Ishikawa, Weiyuan Kawasaki, will be over These markets with other medicines markets outside the network for the promotion of medicines in circulation has played an important Changium Gansu Province is the second largest varieties of medicinal herbs, annual output of more than 14,000 tons, the volume of more than 13,000 tons of goods, with its output accounting for about 70 percent of national output, of which the principal export Radix Hedysari is unique to Chinese herbal medicines in Gansu, the main export to T Rhubarb and liquorice market demand, lack of sales production, prices, market Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province is the main pharmaceutical products in 2002, the sown area of Gansu Province, 199 million mu of Chinese herbal medicines, the total output 305,800 tons, the annual industrial output value of Chinese medicine to 4 billion yuan, accounting for all the Chinese medicine industry to 40 Medicine more prominent structural contradictions in the economy, small and scattered industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises in Gansu medicine abuse is a significant Most of medicine resources on the supply of raw materials or primary products market, value-added processing and great Gansu medicine market capacity of 20 billion yuan, but in Gansu local market consumption of only 6 million yuan, the market References: 1, "on the characteristics of the western region to speed up the views of agricultural development," the Ministry of Agriculture 12 2, Zhu Xing BAI "developing the western region - agriculture, rural areas and farmers," Economics and Management Press 7 3, reference is LiuXinmao weeks "loess ground green hope" Lanzhou University Press 1 中文大意如下 调整农业产业结构，加快西部地区特色农业的发展 【论文摘要】实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间，本文从分析甘肃省实施特色农业的重要性和主要特色农产品的市场潜力入手，了解甘肃省特色农业的生产特点，提出了甘肃省实施特色农业的对策与建议。 【关键词】西部 特色农业 甘肃省位于中国的西部，是一片广阔的地域，是被国家划入西部大开发概念的12个省市自治区之一，严重的水土流失、土地荒漠化加剧、水资源短缺、植被破坏、森林草原退化是甘肃省面临的主要生态环境问题，工业污染成为城市发展经济的后遗症。甘肃省脆弱的生态环境不仅阻碍区域经济的进一步发展，而且已经成为未来生存环境的重大隐患。这一切问题都有其症结所在：历史上长期的生产力水平低下与生态脆弱互为因果；“过分强调粮食自给”的发展模式导致森林破坏和水土流失；经济建设不遵循生态环境规律，生态建设科技支撑能力薄弱；制度上条块分割，使生态环境保护和建设各项措施难以落实。特色农业是指具有独特的资源条件、明显的区域特征、特殊的产品品质和特定的消费市场的农业产业。甘肃省地域辽阔，光、热、水、土资源丰富，物种资源多样，具有发展特色农业的优势和潜力。经过多年的发展，甘肃省特色农业已有一定的基础。实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘肃省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间。当前，要抓住机遇，明确思路，突出重点，制定措施，加快甘肃省特色农业发展 1、发展甘肃省特色农业的重要性 1发展特色农业是实施西部大开发战略的重点任务。 农业是西部大开发的基础和重要组成部分。特色农业是西部农业开发的重点。通过发展特色农业，加强基础设施建设，改善生产条件，提高生产能力，可以进一步加强农业基础地位，加快甘肃省农业和农村经济发展步伐，为发展甘肃经济和缩小东西部差距创造条件。 2发展特色农业是甘肃省农业结构战略性调整的主攻方向。 利用甘肃省丰富的农业资源，因地制宜地发展特色农产品和产业，培育具有西部特色的农业产业带和产业群，可以实现农业资源多层次、多途径的开发利用，满足多样化、优质化的市场需求，有利于开辟新的市场空间，促进甘肃省农业结构的优化和升级。 甘肃主要特色农产品的开发潜力及市场需求分析 从农产品分布特点和市场需求两方面来看，甘肃省具有资源优势和开发潜力的农产品资源主要集中在粮食、药材、果品和畜产品上。 1、粮食作物 2002年全省粮食播种面积3943万亩，粮食总产量783万吨。区域之间在粮食生产上存在着明显的地区差异，平原地区自然条件好，并采取集约化的精耕细作方式，生产性投入也比较大，因而人均粮食产量明显高于其它地区。从人均粮食收支情况看，年内人均粮食收入合计92公斤，支出合计24公斤。人均主食用粮45公斤(其中小麦89公斤，占主食用粮的37%)，饲料用粮75公斤，种籽用粮72公斤。说明甘肃粮食消费仍处于紧度平衡状态，粮食作为农村食品消费的主体地位没有什么大的变化。 随着改革开放的逐步深入及加入WTO，目前国际市场上粮价趋于下降，而我国粮食生产成本总体上则呈上升趋势。短期内土地生产率大幅度提高的可能不大，我国粮食生产的比较优势仍在下降。此外中国小麦进口市场的美国和欧盟各国在乌拉圭回合谈判中达成消减补贴的协议，这意味着中国己不可能再从这些市场上进口过去价格相对较低的小麦，促使中国采取措施提高粮食自给水平，减少粮食进口。由于粮食在甘肃省农产品中所占比重较大，其价格下降成为影响全省农产品价格总水平下降的主要因素。 2、经济作物 在经济作物中，中药材加工潜力较大，在全国药材市场中占有举足轻重的作用，药材年粗加工1．1万多吨，中成药3270吨。五种大宗地道中药材。当归是甘肃省药材的第一大品种，多年来一直处于紧销状态，年产量达84万多吨，商品量73万吨，出口量1509吨。目前己形成以当归为主体的农村市场有岷县西关、梅川，宕昌哈达铺、理川，漳县城关、石川，渭源会川等十多个。这些市场同省外其它药材市场形成了网络，对于促进药材流通起到了重要的作用。党参是甘肃省药材第二大品种，年产4万多吨，商品量3万多吨，其产量约占全国总产量的70%，其中纹当主要提供出口。红芪是甘肃特有的中药材，主要出口台湾。大黄和甘草市场需求量大，产不足销，价格上升，市场前景看好。 中药是甘肃省医药产品的主力，2002年甘肃省中药材播种面积199万亩，总产量58万吨，年中药工业产值达到4亿元，占到全部医药工业的40％。医药经济结构性矛盾比较突出，工业企业小而散、商业企业多而滥是甘肃医药的一个显著特征。大部分药材资源是以原材料或初级产品供应市场，加工增值潜力大。甘肃药材市场容量在20亿元以上，但甘肃本地产品市场的消费量只有6亿多元，市场需求量大。 参考文献： 1、《关于加快西部地区特色农业发展的意见》 农业部 12 2、朱文兴 白明 《西部大开发――农业、农村、农民》 经济管理出版社 7 3、刘兴茂 周述实 《黄土地上的绿色希望》 兰州大学出版社 1
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文学太宽泛了，你必须一点点的把你的论文论述的观点缩小，不然你写什么都不知道。 去图书馆找所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的所有英文资料，甚至是原文读本序言之类，也有你可以借鉴的句子。 去电子阅览室，搜索所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的论文评论，找到你觉得有用的拷下来。 到网上搜索下相关词条，如wiki百科的英文相关词条 最好浏览一遍原文，看不懂的话中英文对照本也行。~ 实例，首先是开头，小说介绍性文字：Uncle Tom’s Cabin, appeared in book form in 1852, is one of the most unusual books of American Edmund Wilson wrote in an important reassessment in 1962 that Stowe’s work is comparable to that of Dickens and Zola (as readers in her own day recognized); and the novel has often been read in Europe, both in the original and in numerous translations, as the masterpiece of social realism George Sand, George Eliot, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Hugo, and Heine found it to be (Wilson, 1962:3-58) （可以写个一两段）然后，就你找到的文献，归类一下，分别说说他们讲了什么论点（顺便记下人名，书名，年份，页数）最后，说说你将在自己论文里阐述的观点，The paper will mainly focus on 。。。
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不明白你想要的是什么书？什么文献，根本无法回答。
Article类型论文一般指研究者对于研究成果进行全局性的详细阐述；Review类型论文一般指研究者对前人的实验结果或某一特定研究领域科研成果的总结与评述；Letter类型论文被称为“快报”，更为注重时效性，主要是一些研究者新发现的初步结果或者一种新机制，这些初步成果可能有待进一步阐述，新机制也可能正处于研究过程之中。
1、专著[M]（monograph）2、期刊[J]（journal）3、报纸[N]（newspaper article）格式（不论何种文献类型，须用阿拉伯数码外加方括弧标注其在文中的位置，其序号与所在文中序号一致。）：1、专著：著者．书名[M]．版本（第一版不录）．出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码 [1]蒋挺大．亮聚糖[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2001：127 [2] Kortun G Reflectance Spectroscopy [M] New York: Spring-Verlag, 19692、期刊：著者．题名[J]．刊名．出版年，卷（期）∶起止页码 [1]周庆荣，张泽廷，朱美文，等．固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度[J]．化工学报，1995(3)：317-323 [2] Dobbs J M, Wong J M Modification of Supercritical Fluid Phasebehavior Using Polor Coselvent [J] Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987, 26: 563、报纸：著者．题名[N]．报纸名．出版日期（版次） [1]陈志平．减灾设计研究新动态[N]．科技日报，1997-12-12(5)外文文献：引文及参考文献中的论文排序方式和中文文献基本相同；书名及刊名用斜体字，期刊文章题名用双引号；是否列出文献类型标识号及著作页码（论文必须列出首尾页码）可任选；出版年份一律列于句尾或页码之前（不用年份排序法）。外文文献一定要用外文原文表述（也可在原文题名之后的括号内附上中文译文），切忌仅用中文表达外文原义。
说明文 expository essay/writing记叙文 narrative essay/writing议论文我还真不知道。